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With a view to the question of a possible revival of systematic transcendental philosophy, the article follows the problem developments from outgoing neo-Kantianism to post-neo-Kantianism to the present day. Neo-Kantianism decisively determined this development, since, following the ‘analytical method’ of the prolegomena, it based its principletheoretical claim on the ‘factum of science’ and other facta of culture. Since the fact of science and culture at the beginning of the 20th century has changed. However, this ‘validity objectivism’ rapidly lost credibility. Although he was also criticized within neo-Kantianism (Emil Lask, Paul Natorp), these isolated approaches and calls for a renewal and deepening of the reflection of principles remained ineffective, since one sought salvation rather in the forced orientation to individual sciences or in new Orthodoxies and academic ‘research’. For a continuity of transcendental philosophical questions, but by no means for a revival of the systematic transcendental philosophy, the works of vom Verf. under the title Kritische Dialektik und Transcendentalontologie , post-neo-Kantian approaches of the interwar and post-war period by Richard Hönigswald and Wolfgang Cramer, Bruno Bauch and Hans Wagner, as well as Robert Reininger and Erich Heintel, documented a systematically oriented succession in the works of Werner Flach and Harald Holz to the present day, and - under conditions of philosophy of consciousness - in the works of Dieter Henrich and Karl-Otto Apel, an at least there was a thematic continuation. However, a “revival of systematic transcendental philosophy” would require more radical approaches than have been delivered in the last 100 years: it would simply require a return to the ‘synthetic method' of critique of reason , which “bases nothing as a given, except reason itself”.

In a search for dyes photoactivatable with visible light, fluorenes with substituents at positions 2 and 7 were prepared, and their absorption and emission spectra were studied. In particular, the synthesis route to 9-diazofluorenes with 2-(N,N-dialkylamino) and N-modified 7-(4-pyridyl) substituents was established. These compounds are initially non-fluorescent, undergo photolysis with UV or blue light, and—in non-polar media—provide orange- to red-emitting products with a large separation between absorption and emission bands. Irradiation of non-fluorescent 9-diazoderivative 20 in dioxane with the light of 365 nm or 470 nm was accompanied by strong fluorescence gain (10 to 20 times), orange–red emission, and a large Stokes shift of photoproducts, which structurally relate to fluorescent betaine 13 (model compound without diazo group). Photolysis of 20 in protic solvents (ROH = MeOH, H2O) provided clean transformation to C9-OR derivatives, though the emission gain in protic solvents was low.

Relevance. Powdery mildew is one of the most common and harmful diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in open and protected ground. Moreover, in the closed ground, the harmfulness is higher than in the field. The yield of cucumber, due to the defeat of plants by powdery mildew, decreases by 30-50%, and in some cases by more than 70%. The creation of modern cucumber hybrids is impossible without the constant involvement in the breeding process of new sources of economically useful traits, including resistance to real powdery mildew. It is very important to combine in one line both a high degree of parthenocarpy, and the female type of flowering, and resistance to the most harmful diseases. We tried to solve this problem in our work.Materials and methods. The experience was laid in 2018-2022 in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region on the basis of the head institution of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in the conditions of a spring ground greenhouse of the Block type, on a natural infectious background. On the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops, 27 collectible and about 50 breeding samples of parthenocarpic cucumber were studied. The article presents an assessment of the resistance to this powdery mildew of 36 of the most aligned and most valuable cucumber breeding samples in terms of a complex of economically useful features. 2-3 families, 6 plants in each, were evaluated for each sample for 2 years. During the entire growing season, the intensity of powdery mildew damage was assessed on a four-point scale and the spread of the disease in %.Results. Among the collection samples of cucumber, on a natural infectious background, two hybrids of the agrofirm BEJO ZADEN B.V. were not affected by powdery mildew: Amur 1801 F1, Artist F1, a hybrid without a name of the agrofirm MONSANTO HOLLAND B.V., conventionally named – Semenis F1 and hybrid Kibria F1 of the agrofirm RIJK ZWAAN. To a small extent, less than one point, they were amazed: Orpheus F1, Merengue F1, Marinda F1, Masha F1, Othello F1, List F1, Adam F1, SV 4097 F1 and Krasotka F1. 11cucumber breeding samples selected in previous years of research on a complex of economically useful signs that were not affected by this disease during 2 years of research were identified. Work will continue to evaluate these lines for resistance to real powdery mildew on an artificial infectious background.

Relevance. False powdery mildew (peronosporosis) (the causative agent is Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostow.) – the most harmful disease on cucumber in the open ground, spring film and winter greenhouses in the autumn crop turnover. In the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production, currently FSBSI FSVC, continuous work is underway to create varieties and hybrids of cucumber resistant to this disease. To create new competitive hybrids of cucumber of the parthenocarpic type, a lot of work was done on the selection of parental forms that differ in a complex of economically useful signs, including tolerance to false powdery mildew.Results. During 2 years of research, in the open ground conditions of the Moscow region, on a natural infectious background, the lines of parthenocarpic cucumber most resistant to false powdery mildew were selected: Pr. F6 1, 24-905 RZ F4-5, Excel. F5 b/w 1, (Hac. x Hub.) F4. During the second (30.08.) and third (08.09) counts, in both years of research, according to the lesion score, they were at the level of a stable standard - the Surazhevsky variety. In 2022, in the conditions of unheated spring greenhouses of Primorsky region, two hybrid combinations of 24-905RZ F4 x Pr. F11 and Kar. F6 x Pr. F11 were distinguished for resistance to peronospore. At the end of August, they were struck by 0.5 and 0.8 points, respectively, less than the standard hybrid German F1. The resulting hybrid combinations were obtained with the participation of cucumber lines of the parthenocarpic type, the most tolerant to false powdery mildew in the open ground conditions of the Moscow region in 2022 and 2023. This indicates that the isolated samples can serve as gene sources of resistance to false powdery mildew.

We report on the synthesis of two fluorescent probes which can be activated by β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) enzymes and/or light. The probes contained 2-nitro-4-oxybenzyl and 3-nitro-4-oxybenzyl fragments, with β-Gal residues linked to C-4. We performed the enzymatic and photoactivation of the probes in a cuvette and compared them, prior to the labeling of Vimentin–Halo fusion protein in live cells with overexpressed β-galactosidase. The dye fluorescence afforded the observation of enzyme activity by means of confocal and super-resolution optical microscopy based on stimulated emission depletion (STED). The tracing of enzymatic activity with the retention of activated fluorescent products inside cells was combined with super-resolution imaging as a tool for use in biomedicine and life science.

The widespread assessment of the early period of Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need of a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why the Russian philosopher’s interest in Neo-Kantianism merits a closer look. First, two systemic theories belonging to different trends exerted a decisive influence on Russian philosophy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: German Neo-Kantianism and Vladimir Solovyov’s school of all-unity. Second, Frank himself and the German Neo-Kantians considered Nicholas of Cusa to be one of their forerunners and pointed out the importance of his mathematical ideas for their mathematical studies. Thirdly and lastly, Frank paid particular attention, especially in his formative period as a philosopher, to the leading trend in the early twentieth century, namely German Neo-Kantianism, which led some students of his work to believe that German Neo-Kantianism played the decisive role in Frank’s abandonment of Marxism in favour of religious ontology. Frank’s fundamental disagreement with German Neo-Kantianism was expressed in his work The Object of Knowledge in which he criticised the Neo-Kantian concepts of number and time. Although Frank rightly points out the one-sidedness of the Neo-Kantian definition of number, most notably in the works of the Marburg philosopher Paul Natorp, on the whole his criticism of the Neo-Kantian concept of number and time as being different from his own is not entirely convincing. In my opinion, Frank’s attempt to explain the abstract concept of number through a still more abstract concept of all-unity was not crowned with success because he ignored the experience of Christian theology and the Trinity dogma as well as the profound thoughts of the Rev. Pavel Florensky on this topic.

Scientific relevance. Currently, in the protected ground, the main areas are occupied by parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber of foreign origin. Therefore, the selection of domestic cucumber hybrids of the parthenocarpic type is very relevant.Material and conditions. The experience was laid in 2018-2022 in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region in the conditions of a spring film ground greenhouse of the "Block" type on the basis of the head institution of the FSBSI FSVC. Agrotechnics of cultivation is generally accepted for the conditions of spring film greenhouses. In breeding nurseries where there were no bees, the degree of parthenocarpy was determined as the ratio of the fruit set to the number of female flowers formed on the plant, as a percentage. The records were carried out from the 5th to the 20th node inclusive, only on plants of the female type of flowering. On the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops, 27 collectible and more than 50 breeding samples of parthenocarpic cucumber were studied.Results. During three years of research, 7 hybrids of cucumber of the parthenocarpic type of foreign breeding were selected based on the sum of economically useful traits.These hybrids were distinguished by a high degree of parthenocarpy. With their participation, as a result of multiple selections and self-pollination, more than 50 breeding lines were created. Analysis of the obtained material showed that the degree of manifestation of parthenocarpy on the plant (the arithmetic mean between the indicators of parthenocarpy on the main and lateral shoots) in the best half of the samples in 2021 was in the range of 30-50%, whereas in 2022 it already reached 50-70%. The parthenocarpy severity coefficient above 70% was noted only in 2022 in 4% of samples. About half of the samples showed a fairly low parthenocarpy: in 2021 no more than 30%, and in 2022 no more than 50%. Most of them were rejected. The parthenocarpy of the best breeding samples in 2022, compared with 2021, increased by an average of 17.7%. Breeding lines obtained even from the same collection sample often differed greatly, sometimes by 4 times, in the degree of parthenocarpy. The families of the most stable parthenocarpy samples had differences on this basis in 2021 only 3-6%, and in 2022 – 10-11%. Families with the greatest severity of this trait were selected annually. It can be concluded that the degree of parthenocarpy in cucumber strongly depends on both the genotype of the sample and the growing conditions. 3 breeding lines were selected, characterized by high indicators of the degree of manifestation of parthenocarpy in 2021 (61.5-70.5%) and the stability of the manifestation of this trait by families and years.

Relevance. The induction of gynogenic development of the culture of unpollinated ovules of Cucumis sativus L., as a part of solid nutrient media agar-agar or Phytagel™ are used as a gelling agent. The gelling agent determines the mobilization of substances in the composition of the nutrient medium and has various effects on the explants, which affects the quality of the resulting regenerates. However, there are no scientific works that explaines the effect of these gelling agents on the development of ovules and compare them with each other for C. sativus L. The aim: investigate the effect of various gelling agent in the nutrient medium on the induction of gynogenesis and the development of cucumber unpollinated ovules.Materials and methods. There are two promising collection specimens of cucumber №58 and №831 of the laboratory of cucurbits crop breeding and seed production of FSBSI FSVC were included into research. IMC nutrient medium (Induction Medium for Cucurbitaceae) with 30 g/l sucrose, 200 mg/l ampicillin, 0.2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) was used for the induction of gynogenesis; agar-agar at a concentration of 7 g/l or Phytagel™ at a concentration of 3.5 g/l was used as a gel-forming agents. Ovules were isolated from ovaries in the phase of half-opened flower (FL-1) and fully opened flower (FL). Cultivation was carried out in plastic Petri dishes with a diameter of 60 mm with an air gap of 28.8 cm3 – "KS No. 1", and glass culture jars with an air gap of 140 cm3 – "KS No. 2".Results. On containing Phytagel™ or agar-agar nutrient medium, the area of ovules during 30 days of cultivation increases irregularly. Coefficients of ovule enlargement between gelling agents differed from 1.7 to 2.6 times depending on the cultivation time. The average growth rate of ovules on media with Phytagel™ was 0.08 mm2/day, while on media with agar-agar it was 0.02 mm2/day. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype are significant factors affecting the increase in area of entered into unpollinated cucumber ovules culture. Herewith the share of the gelling agent effect was 55.01%, and the share of genotype effect was 14.53%. The effect of flower development stage or culture vessel type has not found for both of genotypes. In the study, it was possible to achieve the induction of gynogenesis in 67% of the unpollinated ovules genotype №831 on nutrient medium with agar-agar.Conclusion. Ovules development were faster on a nutrient medium using Phytagel™ as a gelling agent than on agaragar. At the same time, the percentage of induced ovules was significally higher on nutrient medium with agar-agar for both phenotypes. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype were found as significant factors of the induction and the development of unpollinated ovules.

This report of the roundtable that took place on 25 November 2021 at The Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) attempts to explain the obvious growth of interest in Neo-Kantian philosophy in general and the philosophy of the head of the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, Hermann Cohen, in particular. In their contributions, the participants in the discussion demonstrated that the current interest in Neo-Kantianism does not solely or even largely have to do with the history of philosophy but rather with the relevance of many of the ideas of Marburg Neo-Kantianism for the modern theory of cognition, the philosophy of culture, ethics and the philosophy of religion. The course of the discussion highlighted the relevance of Cohen’s theory of cognition based on logic and rationality. The main outcome of the discussion was the conviction that the potential of many of Cohen’s ideas has yet to be fully tapped and there are grounds for considering them to be heralds of a new philosophy which, in many of its features, is only maturing.

Relevance. The results of a study on the use of organomineral fertilizers obtained using biocatalytic processes for detoxification of poultry waste and their influence on the growth and development of plants during the growing season are presented.Methodology. For poultry farms, it is necessary to create and introduce waste-free technologies for the preparation of fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of the fertilizer as a biological catalyst, we used a bacterial growth stimulator sodium humate, obtained by us according to a previously developed technology from brown coal from the Maikubenskoye deposit in the Republic of Kazakhstan («Method for producing sodium humate» Patent No. 4600 RK), as well as a sorbent based on sodium humate (a by-product of obtaining sodium humate), which was used to detoxify the feedstock and the resulting product from heavy metals and their salts due to its absorption-adsorption and complexing properties. For the developed technology for producing organic fertilizers, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). Studies to determine the effectiveness of the resulting fertilizer were carried out on the experimental plots of the peasant farm «Flame», Pavlodar district of Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the soil intended for growing seedlings of tomatoes of the «Pepper-shaped Orange» variety and peppers of the «Bogatyr» variety, the resulting fertilizer was applied in an amount of 1 kg per 1 m2 of soil, which was dug to a depth of 8-10 cm and used for growing seedlings in greenhouses and in subsequent for planting it in open ground. xperimental and control studies were carried out under equivalent climatic conditions, scheme and technology of watering plants. In total, 100 bushes of each plant species were used in the experiment.Results. The use of the obtained organomineral fertilizer makes it possible to increase the yield of vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers) by 20-25% in comparison with the control. In addition, in the experimental samples, an increase in the number of fruits on the bush was noted with an increase in their size, a decrease in the growing season and the number of damaged fruits.

Recombinant chymosins (rСhns) of the cow and the camel are currently considered as standard milk coagulants for cheese-making. The search for a new type of milk-clotting enzymes that may exist in nature and can surpass the existing “cheese-making” standards is an urgent biotechnological task. Within this study, we for the first time constructed an expression vector allowing production of a recombinant analog of moose chymosin in the expression system of Escherichia coli (strain SHuffle express). We built a model of the spatial structure of moose chymosin and compared the topography of positive and negative surface charges with the correspondent structures of cow and camel chymosins. We found that the distribution of charges on the surface of moose chymosin has common features with that of cow and camel chymosins. However, the moose enzyme carries a unique positively charged patch, which is likely to affect its interaction with the substrate. Biochemical and technological properties of the moose rChn were studied. Commercial rСhns of cow and camel were used as comparison enzymes. In some technological parameters, the moose rChn proved to be superior to the reference enzymes. Сompared with the cow and camel rСhns, the moose chymosin specific activity is less dependent on the changes in CaCl2 concentration in the range of 1–5 mM and pH in the range of 6–7, which is an attractive technological property. The total proteolytic activity of the moose rСhn occupies an intermediate position between the rСhns of cow and camel. The combination of biochemical and technological properties of the moose rСhn argues for further study of this enzyme.

Moose (Alces alces) recombinant chymosin with a milk-clotting activity of 86 AU/mL was synthesized in the Kluyveromyces lactis expression system. After precipitation with ammonium sulfate and chromatographic purification, a sample of genetically engineered moose chymosin with a specific milk-clotting activity of 15,768 AU/mg was obtained, which was used for extensive biochemical characterization of the enzyme. The threshold of the thermal stability of moose chymosin was 55 °C; its complete inactivation occurred after heating at 60 °C. The total proteolytic activity of moose chymosin was 0.332 A280 units. The ratio of milk-clotting and total proteolytic activities of the enzyme was 0.8. The Km, kcat and kcat/Km values of moose chymosin were 4.7 μM, 98.7 s−1, and 21.1 μM−1 s−1, respectively. The pattern of change in the coagulation activity as a function of pH and Ca2+ concentration was consistent with the requirements for milk coagulants for cheese making. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was 50–55 °C. The introduction of Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ into milk activated the coagulation ability of moose chymosin, while Ni ions on the contrary inhibited its activity. Using previously published data, we compared the biochemical properties of recombinant moose chymosin produced in bacterial (Escherichia coli) and yeast (K. lactis) producers.

The article attempts to raise a question and give an answer to it regarding the evaluation of the philosophical creativity of Hermann Cohen, the German-Jewish thinker of the late XIX - early XX century. Moreover, following the philosophical style of Cohen himself, the question posed and discussed in the article is not idle, but it contains a hypothesis that forms our answer in a certain way. It is important to identify the difficulties and intellectual determinants that prevent the formation of a clear and unambiguous answer. At the same time these difficulties contain an initiating moment for opening a philosophical debate. The historical and philosophical reasons that make the very beginning of the discussion of the question more complex, are considered. The article, of course, cannot claim to be an exhaustive answer on such a fundamental topic, which is contained in the designated question. But the article itself, and the articles following it in the section devoted to the work of Herman Cohen, may be indicate that the time for this discussion has come.

Doubled haploids have been widely used worldwide in breeding programs and fundamental research as valuable homozygous material for about 100 years. The species Cucurbita pepo L. are represented by a huge variety of forms, include highly productive vegetable crops and have a wide distribution in the world. Despite the great economic importance, the creation of effective protocols to ensure stable production of doubled haploids in this species remains an urgent task. DH plants are of interest not only because of the acceleration of the breeding process, but also because of the realization of the huge potential of gametoclonal variability inherent in this highly polymorphic species. In this review, we analyzed the main technologies used for obtaining doubled haploids in vegetable crops of C. pepo: parthenogenesis in situ stimulated by treated/irradiated pollen, gynogenesis in vitro (unpollinated ovule culture in vitro) and androgenesis in vitro (anther/microspore culture in vitro). An analysis is presented of the research carried out from the beginning of the discovery of haploid plants to the current advances and evaluation of the prospects in the field of DH plant production. The main critical factors influencing the efficiency of each technology and its individual steps are considered. The developed technology of doubled haploids obtaining using non-pollinated ovary culture in vitro is presented. This technology allows to obtain up to 55 embryoids per one cultivated ovary (28 embryoids/ 100 cultivated ovules) To introduce haploid technologies into the breeding process it is necessary to evaluate the obtained plants for ploidy level. The use of direct counting of chromosomes in apical cells may present a certain difficulty in this species due to their large number (2n=40) and their small size. Depending on the level of laboratory equipment, ploidy determination using flow cytometry of cell nuclei and counting the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in the epidermis of the abaxial side of the leaf may be more convenient methods. The prospects for the use of molecular markers for assessment for homozygosity in DH technologies used, including C. pepo, are discussed in the review.

Relevance. Study the selection material of cucumber on the basis of the hypocotyl length, as well as to assess the stability of this feature depending on the year of research and the timing of sowing.Material and methods. Studies were conducted on the selection samplesof the laboratory cucumber breeding and seed production of Cucurbitaceae of FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2019 and 2020 in terms of seedling branches winter greenhouse type "Richelle". Cucumber seedlings were grown without artificial illumination. Measurement of the length of the subfamily knee was performed at the stages of expanded cotyledons and the formation of the first true leaf.Results. The length of the hypocotyl varied in the phase of expanded cotyledons – from 3 to 8 cm, in the phase of the first real leaf – from 6 to 18 cm. It was found that at the early stages of development, in the phase of expanded cotyledons, it is effective to reject plants with a hypocotyl length ≥5 cm. This will allow you to get rid of unwanted samples at the early stages of growing seedlings or to conduct selection within populations. The final assessment of the breeding material for lodging stability should be carried out in the phase of the first true leaf, since the most intensive growth of the hypocotyl was observed in the interphase period "expanded cotyledons – the first true leaf". During this period, it is possible to select non-lodging samples in a group that was characterized by an average hypocotyl (3.7-4.0 cm) for the expanded cotyledon phase. In breeding samples, depending on the year of research, the difference in the length of the hypocotyl in the phase of expanded cotyledons was 0.1-0.8 cm. All this indicates the stability of this feature and, accordingly, the possibility of selecting forms with the necessary parameters. A comparative study of cucumber seedlings of different sowing periods (1.5 months difference) revealed the samples most sensitive to low light. Promising samples were selected with a short hypocotyl in the phase of expanded cotyledons (< 5 cm), which are of interest for breeding for seedling resistance to lodging.

Abstract The electrical conductivity of lithium tantalate thin film on the silicon substrate was studied. The film structure was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. In general, the current-voltage characteristics were asymmetric and similar to that of a diode. The current-voltage characteristics had several sections associated with various transport mechanisms of current carriers. The main conductivity mechanism was related to the space-charge-limited current. The current-voltage characteristics showed that there was a mismatch between the forward and backward runs. One of the reasons for such behavior is a space charge accumulation due to charge carriers which were injected from the electrode and did not relax.

The article analyzes the creativity of one of the most famous Russian neokantians Boris V. Yakovenko. Despite the fact that the work of Yakovenko becomes the subject of analysis of an increasing number of researchers both in Russia and abroad, it has not yet taken place in a systematic analysis. The article attempts to consider the philosophical creativity of the Russian philosopher systematically, revealing both the main directions of European thought that had the greatest influence on the position of Yakovenko and the main areas of philosophy to which the efforts of the national thinker were directed. These, according to the author, include the history of philosophy and the system of so-called transcendental pluralism. It is pointed out that the history of philosophy for Yakovenko is a single holistic process and therefore is the history of the development of philosophical ideas, and not the history of life and work of individual philosophers. According to Yakovenko, the general philosophical scheme of historical development looks like this: from Greek cosmism to German epistemology and the beginning ontological turn in modern philosophy. There is also the belief of B.V. Yakovenko that there is no national philosophy. In his opinion, philosophy, as well as science in General, can only be international. His second main thesis concerning the development of philosophy is that philosophy should be independent from other branches of human knowledge and knowledge. She must not be a servant of theology or science. The article also presents various stages of the Russian philosopher's development of his version of the concept of pluralistic philosophy. According to Yakovenko, only pluralistic philosophy is able to know the essence as the main object of philosophy.

Relevance. The development of F1 hybrids distinguishing it from cultivars by high productivity, plant uniformity in ripening date, fruit sizes and quality is the promising trend in breeding program in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).The aim of the study was to optimize the gynogenesis induction condition in culture of unpollinated ovules in vitro in order to broad the generation of new breeding forms and to accelerate homozygous line production.Materials and methods. Eight promising cucumber accessions from Laboratory of Cucurbit Breeding and Seed Production (FSBSI FSVC) were taken for the study. The protocol developed in Laboratory of Biotechnology (FSBSI FSVC) for production of doubled haploid in Cucurbitaceae family was used in the experiment. The medium IMC with 30 g/L sucrose and 7g/L agar supplemented with 200 mg/L ampicillin and 0.2 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) was applied to induce gynogenic development.Results. The half-open bud or flower was shown to be the most suitable to be taken as an explant for cultivation. Highest number of embryo-like structures in all accessions developed from ovaries 2.1-2.6 cm long. Exposure to sterilization solution of sodium hypochlorite for 15 min made ovary wall softer and ovules can be then easily extracted without traumatizing. The traumatized ovule resulted in inhibited gynogenic development. Embryoids and calli had developed in all studied cucumber accessions, but well-formed plants were only obtained in six accessions. In total 26 plants were produced. The maximum gynogenesis induction equal to 63.1% was achieved in accession 1810. Maximum number of plant produced was twelve in accession 1763, but the greatest plant outcome 7.7% of the ovules with induced gynogenesis was observed in accession 1807.

Implementation of cell technologies has essentially improved the plant breeding process in agricultural crops in the world. The production of pure lines in cultivated crops, particularly among cross-pollinated species such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) requires much time, labor and expense. Thus, the use of DH-plants for production of fully homozygous lines for one year becomes a very promising method for near cucumber breeding program. The major factor limiting the wide use of DH is a lack of effective protocol for large-scale plant production. In this review the historical facts with description of three main methods of DH-plant production were presented. By now these three methods have been such as parthenogenesis in situ induced by pollination with irradiated or chemically treated pollen; androgenesis in vitro including anther and isolated microspore cultivation in vitro; gynogenesis through ovule cultivation in vitro. Comparative analysis of published data with regard to the efficiency of the technology for DH-plant production was shown as well as advantages and limitations of each technology were described.

We present a new series of photochromic 1,2-bis(2-ethylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentenes with an oxidized benzothiophene core (O) or a nonoxidized one, decorated with mono- (Th1) and bithiophene (Th2) units attached to positions 6 and 6′ (Sy = symmetric) or only to position 6 (As = asymmetric). “Oxidized” compounds have highly fluorescent closed forms emitting in the visible region (yellow to red). The dyes with nonoxidized benzothiophenes possess fluorescent open forms with rather low emission efficiency. The photoswitching kinetics was studied at several wavelengths with UV and visible light. New diarylethenes underwent ring-closure reactions by irradiation with UV light (365 nm, 405 nm), and the reversible ring-opening by irradiation with visible light (470 nm, 530 nm). The on-switching of fluorescence due to the ring-closure reaction was observed also with visible light of 470 nm (to an extent of 10% for compound SyOTh1) and attributed to the Urbach tail effect. Due to a high degree of fluorescence modulation (>270), good fatigue resistance and large fluorescence quantum yield, compound SyOTh1 emerged as a candidate for single-molecule based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

The barrier properties of a capacitor heterostructure based on a ferroelectric lead zirconate-titanate were investigated by using the methods of current-voltage and voltage-capacitance characteristics. The variable values of the potential barrier on the PZT-Pt interface were determined by the C-V method (from 0.5 to 1.6 eV) and the I-V method (from 0.5 to 0.7 eV). The spontaneous polarization influence on the potential barrier at the PZT-Pt interface was estimated.

Purpose of the study. To provide prevention of early and treatment of late postoperative lymphorrhea in patients with oncolog­ical profile using fluorescent lymphography, photodynamic, radiation and endolymphatic lymphostatic therapy.Patients and methods. In the process, the results of treatment of 2 groups of patients were evaluated. Group I (main group) — 310 people — were patients with localized malignant tumors, who underwent elective surgical treatment and to whom were applied developed measures for the prevention of early and treatment of late postoperative lym­phorrhea using fluorescent lymphography (168 people), photodynamic (68 people), radiation (48 people) and endo­lymphatic lymphostatic therapy (26 people). Group II (control group) — 310 people — who underwent elective surgical treatment of tumor diseases of similar localization using standard measures for the treatment of postoperative lym­phorrhea (punctures, pressure dressings, etc.). The groups were comparable by sex, age, nosology and the volume of surgical interventions.Results. We estimated the volume and duration of lymphorrhea by the amount of allocated to the drainage and evacuated puncture lymph. In the control group, the average lympho-loss in the hospital was 59.6 ml, at the outpatient stage — 15.8 ml. Of the 310 patients in the control group, postoperative complications were identified in 29 (9.4%) patients: wound suppuration (11), abscesses (4), pleural empyema (2), thromboembolism (3), adhesive disease (6), pyelonephritis (2) and myocardial infarc­tion (1). Initial lymphorrhea, more than 100 ml per day, was present in 27 (93%) of these patients.Lymphorrhea in the main group in the hospital was 32.7 ml, and at the outpatient stage — 8.1 ml. Complications in the main group were detected in 13 (4.2%) patients: wound suppuration, anastomotic failure and fistula — 3, abscesses — 1, thrombo­embolism — 1, bleeding from duodenal ulcer — 1, adhesive disease — 7.After the application of the proposed measures for the prevention and treatment of lymphorrhea in the main group, the dura­tion and volume of lymphorrhea decreased almost twice, as did the frequency of postoperative complications.Conclusion. Prolonged lymphorrhea leads to an increase in the incidence of postoperative complications. Fluorescent lymphog­raphy, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy and endolymphatic lymphostatic therapy, taking into account indications and contraindications to each of these methods, can be used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of postoperative lymphatic lesions. An individual approach to the prevention of postoperative lymphorrhea leads to a decrease in its volume and duration, a decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications, a reduction in the patient’s stay in hospital and at the outpatient stage and allows for the timely start of special treatment in cancer patients.

Most cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are of atherosclerotic origin, and lipid disorders play significant role, setting up the cardiovascular continuum, together with other risk factors. It also known that decrease of low density lipoproteins cholesterol (CLDL) level leads to decreased occurrence of CVDs in primary and secondary prevention of the diseases. Statins, at the moment, are a standard of medical care. However, two problems remain on the way to cardiovascular risk reduction — insufficient statins prescription and low rate of archived target levels of cholesterol and CLDL. In the end of October 2017, by the initiative of Sandoz LLC, in Kazan an educational seminar was conducted, where the representatives from 12 regions discussed the issues on statin therapy adherence improvement. Seminar program included lectures, practical interactive events and general discussion. As a specifics of the seminar, the participants not only listened to lectures, but prepared proposals in interactive regimen, discussed them with the colleagues, presented and defended projects. So, every participant was merged into the problem and directly influenced the discussion. Among the participants were internists, cardiologists, neurologists. Seminar vector was directed to revealing and overcoming such barriers for statin adherence as the so­called barriers of consent, understanding and availability, that depend on clinician as well as patient and healthcare system. Also the issues were discussed on the Internet influence on “antistatin” behavior, that prefers “good” bioactive compounds for “vile” statins.

In the present work is a translation of the short introductory work of Turin’s Professor Roberto Salizzoni dedicated to the analysis of art of M.M. Bakhtin and some reflections of the author of the translation, which led him to assess creativity Russian thinker, present in this book of the Italian scientist. First of all, the author of the translation does not agree with the disparaging assessment of creativity of Bakhtin how unoriginal and more abounding plagiarism. The author of the translation argues injustice exaggerated influence on the concept of Bakhtin from literary trends and ideas, including by the media those of the so-called “circle of Bakhtin”. The necessity of considering of creativity of Russian thinker as philosophical, creativity independent and original. Such a conclusion can fail and approval of Neokantian origin of “philosophical roots” of Bakhtin’s concept of philosophy of culture.

Growing heterotic hybrids of cucumber on large areas is possible only if the production of their seeds does not require large additional labor costs in comparison with conventional varieties. Cleaning of maternal forms by flowering type – removal of plants of intermediate type of flowering and single male flowers on plants of predominantly female type requires considerable labor costs. Significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of hybrid seed production using maternal forms of female type that do not have male flowers. It is very important to create maternal forms with a consistently high female expression that do not respond to changing environmental conditions. This will allow hybrid seed production of cucumber not only in protected, but also in the open ground, which will significantly reduce the cost of production of seeds. The objective was to assess the maternal forms of the cucumber hybrids F1 Krepish (L-100), F1 Brunet (L-105), F1 Frant (L-290), F1 Krasotka (L-25) according to the female expression in the conditions of spring film greenhouses and open ground near Moscow. The open ground served as a provocative background for identifying the most stable in terms of the severity of the female sex lines. It was determined that the bee-polluted hybrids of the cucumber F1 Krepish and F1 Brunet are most suitable for conducting hybrid seed production in the open field, since their maternal forms need to be cleaned according to the blooming type less than others.

Amlodipine, a unique long-lasting calcium channel antagonist and antihypertensive drug, has weak fluorescence in aqueous solutions. In the current paper, we show that direct visualization of amlodipine in live cells is possible due to the enhanced emission in cellular environment. We examined the impact of pH, polarity and viscosity of the environment as well as protein binding on the spectral properties of amlodipine in vitro, and used quantum chemical calculations for assessing the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in aqueous solutions. The confocal fluorescence microscopy shows that the drug readily penetrates the plasma membrane and accumulates in the intracellular vesicles. Visible emission and photostability of amlodipine allow confocal time-lapse imaging and the drug uptake monitoring.

Goal. The pilot project to organize or conduct performance improvement of existing structural units in specific hospitals (LU) Russia to provide rehabilitative care for patients with cardiovascular diseases in three stages under the current "Procedure for the provision of medical care for patients in medical rehabilitation", to introduce in practice these units tested scientifically sound approaches, forms and methods of cardio-rehabilitation, and try to create some patients routing algorithm. Material and methods. The pilot project includes 17 of the medical institutions of 13 regions of Russian Federation. Single special cards that allow to evaluate the appropriate order on the medical rehabilitation provided rehabilitation assistance to cardiac patients, a multidisciplinary team involved in the provision of rehabilitation assistance, staffing and equipping MI To analyze the effectiveness of organizational models in cardiorehabilitation MI have been developed. Special cards consisted of three sections, each of which allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of each of the three stages cardiorehabilitation: Stage I - unit intensive care unit (BRIT), and a specialized cardiology department; Stage II - stationary cardiorehabilitation department; Stage III - patient department cardiorehabilitation. The article presents the results of a three-year analysis from January 2013 to December 2015. Results. The pilot project was organized with the cardiorehabilitational help stage I in 10 DR, II stage - a 10-LU and Phase III - 7 DR. By 2015, almost all of Latvia to provide assistance in cardiorehabilitational area, multidisciplinary teams consisting of a cardiologist, cardiologist, rehabilitator, medical physical culture (physical therapy) specialist, physical therapy instructor-methodologist, psychotherapist, clinical psychologist, physiotherapist were formed. They were provided and equipped with facilities to practice physical therapy, room for educational schools. Home rehabilitation process BRIT has reduced the patient's stay in the bed of 0.7 days (2013 to 2015) and for 1 day in the cardiology department. On average, 67% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were translated into Phase II cardiorehabilitaяtion in which they have become actively involved in the physical rehabilitation program, which is based on a classic exercise therapy, dosage walking in the room, physical training on simulators. Each MI educational schools were organized for patients actively pursued discussions with the relatives. Special complexity of the project has caused the organization phase III cardiorehabilitation. The project is currently ongoing. Conclusion. The analysis of the organization of a three-stage kardioreabilitatsionnoy care system with AMI patients considering the use of staffing, equipment and methodology, according to the current normative law, showed a significant increase in recreational activities created by multidisciplinary teams in all three stages of cardio-rehabilitation, increasing the number of used rehabilitation methods and improve the quality of their performance, as well as demonstrated safety of the proposed principles of physical rehabilitation, according to Russian clinical guidelines "Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation ECG: rehabilitation and secondary prevention", in the framework of the proposed organizational models cardiorehabilitation.

Aim. To analyze, how is, under the framework of the Pilot Project, organized and being conducted the improvement of work of the known departments in exact medical institutions (MI) of RF for rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients at the three steps under the current “Order of medical care and medical rehabilitation”, and how do the scientifically proven and types and methods of cardiorehabilitation (CR) being implemented, and to try to elaborate on an exact algorithm for patients course.Material and methods. Into the Pilot Project, 17 MI included, from 13 entities of RF. For the analysis of effectiveness of organizational models of CR in MI the unified charts were developed making to assess the equality to the Order of the rehabilitation care provided to patients with CVD, of multidisciplinary team involved in care, the staff list and MI equipment. Specific charts included the units assessing the efficacy of work on three stages of CR: I stage — in resuscitation and intensive care unit or specialized cardiology department, II — in in-patient department, III — in polyclinics. The article presents data from CR analysis of Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. Results. The CR was organized at the stage I in 10 MI, stage II in 10 MI and stage III in 7 MI. By the year 2015, almost in all MI the multidisciplinary teams were shaped, including cardiologist, cardiorehabilitologist, exercise specialist, clinical psychologist, physiotherapist; the rooms for exercise were equipped, as the halls for education of patients. The start of rehabilitation process from ICU made it to decrease the remaining of patient on the bedside for 0,7 days in average (2013-2015) and for 1 day in cardiovascular department. About 67% myocardial infarction patients in average were transferred to the stage II of CR. In all MI there were educational Schools organized, and the explanatory talks with the relatives were done as well. By now, the project is on its way. Conclusion. The analysis of three-staged CR system for myocardial infarction patients according to current laws, showed significant improvement of rehabilitational activeness of the newly created multidisciplinary teams at all stages of CR, increase of the number of methods of CR and better fulfillment of those, as demonstrated the safety of proposed principals of physical rehabilitation according to the Russian clinical guidelines “Myocardial infarction with ST elevation: rehabilitation and secondary prevention” under the framework of the organizational model of CR.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may frequently be complicated by sleep disorders, which worse quality of life and lead to other adverse consequences. The objective of the study was to analyze clinical course of the disease and quality of life in elderly patients with both COPD and sleep disorders. Methods and Results: The study included 50 patients with moderate and severe COPD in age from 60 to 75 years (mean age, 66.12 ± 0.76 years). Patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. For patients in Group 1, 3 mg of melatonin was prescribed orally 30–40 minutes before bedtime for 14 days on the background of standard COPD therapy. Patients of Group 2 received only standard COPD therapy. After 12 months of follow-up, the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations for COPD significantly decreased in Group 1: from 3.74±0.19 to 1.91±0.20 times a year (P=0.0000) and from 2.08±0.18 to 1.35±0.18 (P=0.0046). In Group 2, the dynamics of these parameters was not statistically significant. In addition, along with the improvement of sleep quality in COPD patients during treatment with melatonin, both state and trait anxiety scores and depression level improved. In Group 1, SF-36 scores (PF, RP, BP, and GH) have also significantly improved. Conclusion: Correction of sleep disorders by melatonin in elderly patients with COPD improved the effectiveness of COPD treatment, and reduced the frequency and duration of exacerbations and the number of outpatient visits and hospitalizations.

In the present work, the comparative study of the electric response of Sn2P2S6 films to the visible light action was carried out without and under external electric field. The light flux modulated by a chopper induces the integral response comprising time-dependent photoelectric and photovoltaic components. It was shown that spontaneous polarization influences the electric response characteristics.