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1. Identifying the Nation's Lowest Performing Schools: Shifts Following the Passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Appendix. NCEE 2025-001a

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Kerstin Carlson Le Floch, Steven Hurlburt, Drew Atchison, and Katie Hyland

Abstract

This is the appendices for the full report, "Identifying the Nation's Lowest Performing Schools: Shifts Following the Passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)." This study examines state identification of schools for the most intensive support to see how changes in federal laws and regulations played out nationally and at the state level, by comparing schools identified just before and just after ESSA's implementation. Specifically, it looks at two time points: 2016-17, during which there were two distinct policy contexts, with most states operating under waivers but seven states still operating under the previous No Child Left Behind policies, and 2018-19, when all states were expected to be following ESSA regulations for the first time. Of particular interest is whether the number and characteristics of identified schools--including their average student achievement and demographics--differed when comparing the set of schools identified under ESSA with the set of schools identified just before ESSA. The appendices provide supporting details on the policy being evaluated, the study methods, and supplementary analyses for the findings presented.

Published
2024

2. Identifying the Nation's Lowest Performing Schools: Shifts Following the Passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Evaluation Report. NCEE 2025-001r

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Kerstin Carlson Le Floch, Steven Hurlburt, Drew Atchison, and Katie Hyland

Abstract

For more than two decades, federal law has required states to identify schools failing to provide students with a high-quality education and has led to substantial debate about how best to do so. Appropriately identifying the lowest performing schools matters because it allows state and local education agencies to target limited resources for school improvement to where they are needed most. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 sought to address perceived problems with school accountability systems under prior federal law. ESSA provided states with increased flexibility in how they design their "annual evaluation of school performance." It also introduced new requirements for states' subsequent "identification of schools for the most intensive support," now designated as those needing Comprehensive Support and Improvement (CSI), in part to allow states to focus on a smaller set of the lowest performing schools. This report examines if ESSA played out as policymakers expected or if there were any other, perhaps less expected, consequences for the number, types, and composition of schools that states identified. The report examines this issue by comparing schools identified for the most intensive supports just before and just after ESSA's implementation.

Published
2024

3. Did the Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy Grant Program Reach Its Goals? An Implementation Report. Evaluation Report. NCEE 2024-003r

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Michael S. Garet, Kerstin Carlson Le Floch, Daniel Hubbard, Joanne Carminucci, and Barbara Goodson

Abstract

Boosting literacy among school-age children remains a national priority. Nearly one third of students in the United States have not developed the foundational reading skills needed to succeed academically, with students living in poverty, students with disabilities, and English learners especially at risk. Starting in 2010, Congress invested more than $1 billion for state literacy improvement efforts through the Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy (SRCL) program. SRCL was intended to focus funding on disadvantaged schools, encourage schools to use evidence-based practices, and support schools and teachers in providing comprehensive literacy instruction. These efforts were expected to lead to improved literacy outcomes for students. This study assesses how well SRCL implementation was aligned with these goals, using information collected from states, districts, and schools in all 11 states awarded grants in 2017.

Published
2024

4. Incontinentia pigmenti underlies thymic dysplasia, autoantibodies to type I IFNs, and viral diseases.

Author

Rosain, Jérémie, Le Voyer, Tom, Liu, Xian, Gervais, Adrian, Polivka, Laura, Cederholm, Axel, Berteloot, Laureline, Parent, Audrey, Pescatore, Alessandra, Spinosa, Ezia, Minic, Snezana, Kiszewski, Ana, Tsumura, Miyuki, Thibault, Chloé, Esnaola Azcoiti, Maria, Martinovic, Jelena, Philippot, Quentin, Khan, Taushif, Marchal, Astrid, Charmeteau-De Muylder, Bénédicte, Bizien, Lucy, Deswarte, Caroline, Hadjem, Lillia, Fauvarque, Marie-Odile, Dorgham, Karim, Eriksson, Daniel, Falcone, Emilia, Puel, Mathilde, Ünal, Sinem, Geraldo, Amyrath, Le Floch, Corentin, Li, Hailun, Rheault, Sylvie, Muti, Christine, Bobrie-Moyrand, Claire, Welfringer-Morin, Anne, Fuleihan, Ramsay, Lévy, Romain, Roelens, Marie, Gao, Liwei, Materna, Marie, Pellegrini, Silvia, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Catherinot, Emilie, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Fekkar, Arnaud, Sacko-Sow, Aissata, Soudée, Camille, Boucherit, Soraya, Neehus, Anna-Lena, Has, Cristina, Hübner, Stefanie, Blanchard-Rohner, Géraldine, Amador-Borrero, Blanca, Utsumi, Takanori, Taniguchi, Maki, Tani, Hiroo, Izawa, Kazushi, Yasumi, Takahiro, Kanai, Sotaro, Migaud, Mélanie, Aubart, Mélodie, Lambert, Nathalie, Gorochov, Guy, Picard, Capucine, Soudais, Claire, LHonneur, Anne-Sophie, Rozenberg, Flore, Milner, Joshua, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Vabres, Pierre, Trpinac, Dusan, Marr, Nico, Boddaert, Nathalie, Desguerre, Isabelle, Pasparakis, Manolis, Miller, Corey, Poziomczyk, Cláudia, Abel, Laurent, Okada, Satoshi, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Cheynier, Rémi, Zhang, Qian, Cobat, Aurélie, Béziat, Vivien, Boisson, Bertrand, Steffann, Julie, Fusco, Francesca, Ursini, Matilde, Hadj-Rabia, Smail, Bodemer, Christine, Bustamante, Jacinta, Luche, Hervé, Puel, Anne, Courtois, Gilles, Bastard, Paul, Landegren, Nils, Anderson, Mark, and Casanova, Jean-Laurent

Subjects
Humans, Interferon Type I, Female, Autoantibodies, Thymus Gland, Child, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Child, Preschool, I-kappa B Kinase, Virus Diseases, Infant, Adult, Adolescent, Young Adult
Abstract

Human inborn errors of thymic T cell tolerance underlie the production of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs, which predispose to severe viral diseases. We analyze 131 female patients with X-linked dominant incontinentia pigmenti (IP), heterozygous for loss-of-function (LOF) NEMO variants, from 99 kindreds in 10 countries. Forty-seven of these patients (36%) have auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α and/or IFN-ω, a proportion 23 times higher than that for age-matched female controls. This proportion remains stable from the age of 6 years onward. On imaging, female patients with IP have a small, abnormally structured thymus. Auto-Abs against type I IFNs confer a predisposition to life-threatening viral diseases. By contrast, patients with IP lacking auto-Abs against type I IFNs are at no particular risk of viral disease. These results suggest that IP accelerates thymic involution, thereby underlying the production of auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in at least a third of female patients with IP, predisposing them to life-threatening viral diseases.

Published
2024

5. Genetic diversity and population structure of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum on English walnut (Juglans regia L.) in France.

Author

Belair, Marie, Picot, Adeline, Lepais, Olivier, Masson, Cyrielle, Hébrard, Marie-Neige, Moronvalle, Aude, Comont, Gwénaëlle, Gabri Martin, Victor, Tréguer, Sylvie, Laloum, Yohana, Corio-Costet, Marie-France, Michailides, Themis, Moral, Juan, Le Floch, Gaétan, and Pensec, Flora

Subjects
Juglans regia, Botryosphaeriaceae, Emerging disease, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Juglans, Ascomycota, France, Genetic Variation, Plant Diseases, Microsatellite Repeats, Genotype
Abstract

Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of walnut dieback worldwide, along with Diaporthe species. Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum are the only two Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with this recently emergent disease in France, and little is known about their diversity, structure, origin and dispersion in French walnut orchards. A total of 381 isolates of both species were genetically typed using a sequence-based microsatellite genotyping (SSR-seq) method. This analysis revealed a low genetic diversity and a high clonality of these populations, in agreement with their clonal mode of reproduction. The genetic similarity among populations, regardless of the tissue type and the presence of symptoms, supports the hypothesis that these pathogens can move between fruits and twigs and display latent pathogen lifestyles. Contrasting genetic patterns between N. parvum populations from Californian and Spanish walnut orchards and the French ones suggested no conclusive evidence for pathogen transmission from infected materials. The high genetic similarity with French vineyards populations suggested instead putative transmission between these hosts, which was also observed with B. dothidea populations. Overall, this study provides critical insight into the epidemiology of two important pathogens involved in the emerging dieback of French walnut orchards, including their distribution, potential to mate, putative origin and disease pathways.

Published
2024

7. Human genetic structure in Northwest France provides new insights into West European historical demography

Author

Alves, Isabel, Giemza, Joanna, Blum, Michael G. B., Bernhardsson, Carolina, Chatel, Stéphanie, Karakachoff, Matilde, Saint Pierre, Aude, Herzig, Anthony F., Olaso, Robert, Monteil, Martial, Gallien, Véronique, Cabot, Elodie, Svensson, Emma, Bacq, Delphine, Baron, Estelle, Berthelier, Charlotte, Besse, Céline, Blanché, Hélène, Bocher, Ozvan, Boland, Anne, Bonnaud, Stéphanie, Charpentier, Eric, Dandine-Roulland, Claire, Férec, Claude, Fruchet, Christine, Lecointe, Simon, Le Floch, Edith, Ludwig, Thomas E., Marenne, Gaëlle, Meyer, Vincent, Quellery, Elisabeth, Racimo, Fernando, Rouault, Karen, Sandron, Florian, Schott, Jean-Jacques, Velo-Suarez, Lourdes, Violleau, Jade, Willerslev, Eske, Coativy, Yves, Jézéquel, Mael, Le Bris, Daniel, Nicolas, Clément, Pailler, Yvan, Goldberg, Marcel, Zins, Marie, Le Marec, Hervé, Jakobsson, Mattias, Darlu, Pierre, Génin, Emmanuelle, Deleuze, Jean-François, Redon, Richard, and Dina, Christian

Published
2024
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8. Genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity is associated with adaptation to monocot and dicot plants in Colletotrichum fungi

Author

Baroncelli, Riccardo, Cobo-Díaz, José F, Benocci, Tiziano, Peng, Mao, Battaglia, Evy, Haridas, Sajeet, Andreopoulos, William, LaButti, Kurt, Pangilinan, Jasmyn, Lipzen, Anna, Koriabine, Maxim, Bauer, Diane, Le Floch, Gaetan, Mäkelä, Miia R, Drula, Elodie, Henrissat, Bernard, Grigoriev, Igor V, Crouch, Jo Anne, de Vries, Ronald P, Sukno, Serenella A, and Thon, Michael R

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Colletotrichum, Transcriptome, Genome, Fungal, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Adaptation, Physiological, Gene Expression Profiling, Plant Diseases, fungal genomics, comparative transcriptomics, fungal evolution, anthracnose, plant cell walls
Abstract

BackgroundColletotrichum fungi infect a wide diversity of monocot and dicot hosts, causing diseases on almost all economically important plants worldwide. Colletotrichum is also a suitable model for studying gene family evolution on a fine scale to uncover events in the genome associated with biological changes.ResultsHere we present the genome sequences of 30 Colletotrichum species covering the diversity within the genus. Evolutionary analyses revealed that the Colletotrichum ancestor diverged in the late Cretaceous in parallel with the diversification of flowering plants. We provide evidence of independent host jumps from dicots to monocots during the evolution of Colletotrichum, coinciding with a progressive shrinking of the plant cell wall degradative arsenal and expansions in lineage-specific gene families. Comparative transcriptomics of 4 species adapted to different hosts revealed similarity in gene content but high diversity in the modulation of their transcription profiles on different plant substrates. Combining genomics and transcriptomics, we identified a set of core genes such as specific transcription factors, putatively involved in plant cell wall degradation.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the ancestral Colletotrichum were associated with dicot plants and certain branches progressively adapted to different monocot hosts, reshaping the gene content and its regulation.

Published
2024

11. Do You Trust This Speaker? The Impact of Prompting on Middle-School Students' Consideration of Source When Watching Conflicting Videos

Author

Colin Lescarret, Julien Magnier, Valérie Le Floch, Jean-Christophe Sakdavong, Jean-Michel Boucheix, and Franck Amadieu

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the impact of prompting on young students' source consideration when watching videos with conflicting information. 262 French 7th graders were shown a series of videos in which two speakers (varying in credibility) took opposite stances on the topic of organic farming. The students were either given no prompts (control group), an indirect form of prompting (watching an instructional video on the benefits of sourcing before processing the material), a direct form of prompting (filling out source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material) or a combination of direct and indirect prompting. While the impact of the instructional video on students' source consideration proved marginal, students who had to fill in the source credibility rating scales during the processing of the material remembered the identity of the speakers better (notably in delayed posttest), were more inclined to consider the expert interviewee as more convincing and to mention interviewees' expertise to justify their judgement. These results suggest that prompting seventh graders to evaluate the credibility of the sources during the processing of the material through the completion of credibility rating scales is an efficient method to improve their consideration of source information when watching videos.

Published
2024
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12. 'Because I Agree with Him': The Impact of Middle-School Students' Prior Attitude on The Evaluation of Source Credibility When Watching Videos

Author

Colin Lescarret, Julien Magnier, Valérie Le Floch, Jean-Christophe Sakdavong, Jean-Michel Boucheix, and Franck Amadieu

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of young students' prior attitude on source consideration when watching videos on controversial topics. Two hundred seventy-one seventh graders watched a series of videos in which two interviewees (one expert in the field, one layperson) expressed divergent positions on a socioscientific issue ("Will organic farming be able to feed the entire world population by 2050?"). After watching the videos, students were asked to recall the identity and arguments of the interviewees and indicate how far they had perceived them to be credible and convincing. If no effect of students' prior attitude was found on source recall, students were prompt to judge the interviewee who provided arguments that were congruent with their prior attitude as more credible and convincing that the interviewee that provided incongruent arguments. These results suggest that young students' beliefs contribute to their assessment of the credibility of an information source when watching videos.

Published
2024
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13. Toxicity assessment of DMSO extracts of environmental aged beached plastics using human cell lines

Author

Florane Le Bihanic, Bettie Cormier, Emilie Dassié, Sophie Lecomte, Justine Receveur, Stéphane Le Floch, Jérôme Cachot, and Bénédicte Morin

Subjects
Environmental aged plastic, Additives, Cytotoxicity, Oxidative stress, Estrogenic effect, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Plastic products contain complex mixtures of chemical compounds that are incorporated into polymers to improve material properties. Besides the intentional chemical additives, other compounds including residual monomers and non-intentionnaly added substances (NIAS) as well as sorbed pollutants are usually also present in aged plastic. Since most of these substances are only loosely bound to the polymer via non-covalently interactions, i.e., van der Waals forces, they may leach to the surrounding environment. Although there is increasing knowledge about toxicity of weathered plastic to aquatic organisms, only little is known about how plastic associated chemicals affect human health. Seafood consumption is one of the routes of human exposure to microplastics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of naturally aged plastic associated chemicals to induce harmful effects to human health via the consumption of MP-contaminated seafood. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and human hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cells were selected as model of the colon and liver cells respectively. They are known for their high capacity to metabolize organic contaminants. Both cell lines were exposed to DMSO extracts of different plastics to investigate the effects of chemicals on cell viability, oxidative stress induction and genotoxicity. In addition, the estrogenic effects of DMSO-extracts were evaluated using an estrogen-dependent reporter gene assay in T47D-Kbluc human breast cancer cells. Chemical profiles of the DMSO extracts were polymer-dependent, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) highly contaminated with metals while polypropylene (PP) contained the lowest concentration of metals. Organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were mainly found in PVC, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and PP extracts, whereas other extracted plastics had less (PP) to no organic contamination (polyethylene terephthalate PET). PVC was the most toxic plastic inducing cytotoxicity for both cell lines. DNA damage was observed for Caco-2 cells exposure to HDPE, PVC and nylon. Reactive oxygen species were induced only with nylon extracts in intestinal cells. No toxicity was observed for PP and PET and none of the tested plastics had any estrogenic effect. Our results demonstrate that some environmental aged plastic material released a variety of known and unknown chemical compounds some of which are toxic in vitro and contribute to the knowledge on adverse human health effects of plastics.

Published
2025
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14. 3D spatiotemporally scalable in vivo neural probes based on fluorinated elastomers

Author

Le Floch, Paul, Zhao, Siyuan, Liu, Ren, Molinari, Nicola, Medina, Eder, Shen, Hao, Wang, Zheliang, Kim, Junsoo, Sheng, Hao, Partarrieu, Sebastian, Wang, Wenbo, Sessler, Chanan, Zhang, Guogao, Park, Hyunsu, Gong, Xian, Spencer, Andrew, Lee, Jongha, Ye, Tianyang, Tang, Xin, Wang, Xiao, Bertoldi, Katia, Lu, Nanshu, Kozinsky, Boris, Suo, Zhigang, and Liu, Jia

Published
2024
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15. The MUSE second-generation VLT instrument

Author

R., Bacon, M., Accardo, L., Adjali, H., Anwand, S., Bauer, I., Biswas, J., Blaizot, D., Boudon, S., Brau-Nogue, J., Brinchmann, P., Caillier, L., Capoani, M., Carollo C., T., Contini, P., Couderc, E., Daguise, S., Deiries, B., Delabre, S., Dreizler, P., Dubois J., M., Dupieux, C., Dupuy, E., Emsellem, T., Fechner, A., Fleischmann, M., Francois, G., Gallou, T., Gharsa, A., Glindemann, D., Gojak, B., Guiderdoni, G., Hansali, T., Hahn, A., Jarno, A., Kelz, C., Koehler, J., Kosmalski, F., Laurent, M., Le Floch, J., Lilly S., -L., Lizon J., M., Loupias, A., Manescau, C., Monstein, H., Nicklas, J-C, Olaya, L., Pares, L., Pasquini, A., Pecontal-Rousset, R., Pello, C., Petit, E., Popow, R., Reiss, A., Remillieux, E., Renault, M., Roth, G., Rupprecht, D., Serre, J., Schaye, G., Soucail, M., Steinmetz, O., Streicher, R., Stuik, H., Valentin, J., Vernet, P., Weilbacher, L., Wisotzki, and N, Yerle

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) is a second-generation VLT panoramic integral-field spectrograph currently in manufacturing, assembly and integration phase. MUSE has a field of 1x1 arcmin2 sampled at 0.2x0.2 arcsec2 and is assisted by the VLT ground layer adaptive optics ESO facility using four laser guide stars. The instrument is a large assembly of 24 identical high performance integral field units, each one composed of an advanced image slicer, a spectrograph and a 4kx4k detector. In this paper we review the progress of the manufacturing and report the performance achieved with the first integral field unit., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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18. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus carboplatin-based doublet as first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer aged ≥70 years or with an ECOG performance status of 2 (GFPC 08–2015 ENERGY): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study

Author

LENA, Hervé, VERGNENEGRE, Alain, LOCHER, Chrystèle, GEIER, Margaux, PASCAL, Thomas, GREILLIER, Laurent, FOURNEL, Pierre, PEROL, Maurice, FALCHERO, Lionel, MARTINEZ, Stéphanie, PALEIRON, Nicolas, GUISIER, Florian, LE GARFF, Gwenaëlle, DOUBRE, Hélène, HOMINAL, Stéphane, AULIAC, Jean-Bernard, WISLEZ, Marie, DE CHABOT, Gonzague, HAUSS, Pierre-Alexandre, MONNET, Isabelle, ASSOULINE, Pascal, DUJON, Cécile, LE FLOCH, Hervé, DEMONTROND, Pierre, LAMY, Régine, FRANCOIS, Géraldine, MARCQ, Marie, AUDIGIER-VALETTE, Clarisse, MADROSZYK-FLANDIN, Anne, CREQUIT, Jacky, SCHOTT, Roland, ABDICHE, Samir, SABATINI, Marielle, CHATELLIER, Thierry, CORRE, Romain, LE TREUT, Jacques, Léna, Hervé, Greillier, Laurent, Cropet, Claire, Bylicki, Olivier, Monnet, Isabelle, Audigier-Valette, Clarisse, Falchero, Lionel, Vergnenègre, Alain, Demontrond, Pierre, Geier, Margaux, Guisier, Florian, Hominal, Stéphane, Locher, Chrystèle, Corre, Romain, Chouaid, Christos, and Ricordel, Charles

Published
2025
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19. The Impact of Students' Prior Attitude on the Processing of Conflicting Videos: A Comparison between Middle-School and Undergraduate Students

Author

Lescarret, Colin, Le Floch, Valérie, Sakdavong, Jean-Christophe, Boucheix, Jean-Michel, Tricot, André, and Amadieu, Franck

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of students' prior attitude on the processing of conflicting information regarding a controversial issue (is eating organic better for health and the environment?). In study 1, 314 seventh graders watched a set of videos that provided conflicting arguments on the issue. Students were then asked to recall and evaluate the strength of each argument of the videos. Students' attitude on the issue was measured 1 week prior to the viewing, immediately after and 1 week later to account for a possible evolution. Results indicate that although students evaluated the arguments of the videos that were consistent with their attitude as more convincing that the arguments that were inconsistent, they better recalled the arguments that were inconsistent and reported a moderation of their attitude following the viewing of the videos. The study was replicated with a sample of undergraduate students (study 2) to investigate a possible age effect. Results proved partly different from the one observed on seventh graders, as undergraduate students did not recall better the arguments that were inconsistent with their attitude and did not report an evolution of their attitude following the viewing of the videos. These results suggest an age difference in the processing of the conflicting arguments provided.

Published
2023
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24. Expert but Not Persuasive: Middle School Students' Consideration of Source in the Processing of Conflicting Videos (Expertas pero no persuasivas: la consideración de las fuentes por parte de los estudiantes de secundaria en el procesamiento de vídeos contradictorios)

Author

Lescarret, Colin, Magnier, Julien, Le Floch, Valérie, Sakdavong, Jean-Christophe, Boucheix, Jean-Michel, Tricot, André, and Amadieu, Franck

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to better understand how middle school students consider the source of information when processing videos with conflicting information. To this end, we exposed a sample of seventh-graders to a series of videos in which two interviewees expressed divergent positions on a socioscientific issue ('Will organic farming be able to feed the entire world population by 2050?'). After viewing the videos, students were asked to recall the sources they had seen and indicate how far they had perceived the sources to be credible and convincing. Results showed that students paid close attention to the information given about the sources during viewing and rated their credibility accordingly. However, only a minority of students rated the expert sources as the most convincing after viewing the videos, while students' beliefs on the topic contributed to source evaluation. These results suggest that although middle school students may pay attention to the identity of sources when viewing a video, they are unlikely to use this information to assess the reliability of the message. [Spanish translation by Mercè Rius.]

Published
2023
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25. Low frequency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells predicts poor survival in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

Author

Le Floch, Anne-Charlotte, Orlanducci, Florence, Béné, Marie-Christine, Ben Amara, Amira, Rouviere, Marie-Sarah, Salem, Nassim, Le Roy, Aude, Cordier, Charlotte, Demerlé, Clémence, Granjeaud, Samuel, Hamel, Jean-François, Ifrah, Norbert, Cornillet-Lefebvre, Pascale, Delaunay, Jacques, Récher, Christian, Delabesse, Eric, Pigneux, Arnaud, Vey, Norbert, Chretien, Anne-Sophie, and Olive, Daniel

Published
2024
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26. Poly(dicarbon monofluoride) (C2F)n bridges the neutron reflectivity gap

Author

Nesvizhevsky, Valery, Henry, Killian, Dauga, Louise, Clavier, Batiste, Le Floch, Sylvie, Lychagin, Egor, Muzychka, Alexei, Nezvanov, Alexander, Pischedda, Vittoria, Teander, Cole, Turlybekuly, Kylyshbek, Radescu, Silvana, Vigolo, Brigitte, Cahen, Sébastien, Hérold, Claire, Ghanbaja, Jafaar, Zhernenkov, Kirill, and Dubois, Marc

Published
2024
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28. Risk factors for early mortality from lung cancer: evolution over the last 20 years in the French nationwide KBP cohorts

Author

Debieuvre, D., Asselain, B., Cortot, A., Couraud, S., Duval, Y., Falchero, L., Locher, C., Meyer, N., Molinier, O., Morel, H., Templement-Grangerat, D., Tredaniel, J., Olivier, Leleu, Caroline, Clarot, Stéphanie, Martinez, Marie, Bernardi, Etienne, Auvray, Julian, Pinsolle, Chantal, Decroisette, Dorine, Templement, Laure, Belmont, Thierry, Saelens, Amélie, Turlotte, Jérôme, Virally, Reda, Chikouche, Marielle, Sabatini, Sophie, Schneider, Jacky, Crequit, Faraj, Al Freijat, Baihas, Jarjour, Rym, Haouachi, Fethi, El Khanjari, Luc, Stoven, Pascal, Beynel, Vincent, Tack, Fatima, Meniai, Yannick, Duval, Hannah, Ghalloussi-Tebai, Claudia, Rizzo, Waad, Al Sheikh, Marguerite, Lepoulain Doubliez, Florence, Lamotte, François, Christiann, Patrick, Dumont, Philippe, Masson, Fréderic, Bigot, Hervé, Le Floch, Issam, Belhaj, Lionel, Moreau, Stéphanie, Dehette, Antoine, Belle, Lidia, Petit, Thomas, Laurent, Sandrine, Loutski-Vettese, Isabelle, Monnet, Jean-Bernard, Auliac, Edith, Maetz, Jean-Yves, Tavernier, Christian, Delafosse, Pierre-Alexandre, Hauss, Colette, Vincent, Mohamad, Jaafar, Jean Philippe, Kraemer, Laetitia, Chablais, Anne-Sophie, Bravard, Philippe, Bonnefoy, Christine, Lefoll, Alexandra, Bedossa, Élise, Redureau, Acya, Bizieux-Thaminy, Virginie, Levrat, Kevin, Fouet, Claire, Alizon, Cécile, Dujon, Hong, Rabut, Mihai, Popa, Jean, Quieffin, Pierre, Demontrond, Olivier, Molinier, François, Goupil, Kheir Eddine, Benmammar, Vanessa, Pante, Laurent, Portel, Anne-Sophie, Blanchet-Legens, Sébastien, Larive, Jacques, Le Treut, Herve, Pegliasco, Chrystèle, Locher, Séverine, Thomassin, Benoît, Godbert, Cécile, Maincent, Christophe, Perrin, Julie, Obert, Cyril, Maurer, David, Renault, Karim, Amrane, Didier, Debieuvre, Geoffroy, Milliet De Faverges, Andreea, Tudor, Maud, Russier, Hugues, Morel, Hugues, Francois, Jean, Tredaniel, Patrick Aldo, Renault, Magalie, Paysse, Anne-Marie, Chiappa, Romain, Corre, Laurent, Mosser, Sylvie, Julien, David, Nunes, Soraya, Bordier, Eric, Briens, Gwenaëlle, Le Garff, Clothilde, Marty, Bénédicte, Martignac, Charles, Dayen, Emmanuelle, Lecuyer, Philippe, Slaouti, Serge, Jeandeau, Christina, Delmas, Eric, Goarant, Marie, Tiercin, Jean-Michel, Peloni, Joelle, Courdeau-Labourie, Nicolae, Banciu, Anne-Sophie, Bugnet, Olivier, Bylicki, Marjorie, Picaud, Laurence, Thirard, Bertrand, Delclaux, Philippe, Brun, Marion, Nancy, David, Marquette, Gonzague, De Chabot, Pierre, Kuntz, Catherine, Marichy, Lionel, Falchero, Christine, Dussopt, Alexa, Mairovitz, Jean-Marc, Dot, Fanny, Magne, Hoang, T.C.T., Bravard, A.-S., Martinez, S., Le Garff, G., Jeandeau, S., Petit, L., Marquette, D., Amrane, K., Demontrond, P., Tiercin, M., Jarjour, B., Turlotte, A., Masson, P., Jaafar, M., and Hauss, P.-A.

Published
2024
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29. French national protocol for diagnosis and management of epidermal necrolysis in adults (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)

Author

Ingen-Housz-Oro, S., Matei, I., Gaillet, A., Gueudry, J., Zaghbib, K., Assier, H., Hua, C., Bensaid, B., Colin, A., Ouedraogo, R., Redlich, J., Courtois, E., Chazelas, K., Sbidian, E., Nakad, L., Bequignon, E., Terkmane, N., Gaultier, F., Schlemmer, F., Do-Pham, G., Barbaud, A., Lebrun-Vignes, B., Hoffmann, C., Mahé, P.-J., Le Floch, R., Bernier, C., Vabres, B., Milpied, B., Delcampe, A., Tétart, F., Tauber, M., Staumont-Sallé, D., Dezoteux, F., Descamps, V., Misery, L., Bursztejn, A.-C., Dereure, O., Amazan, E., Le Bidre, E., Le Pallec, S., Lagier, C., Laroche, A., Ferrat, E., Wolkenstein, P., and de Prost, N.

Published
2024
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30. CT Imaging Assessment of Response to Treatment in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Adults With Bronchial Asthma

Author

Mal, Hervé, Le Guen, Pierre, Dupin, Clairelyne, Meurice, Jean Claude, Verdaguer, Marion, de Keizer, Joe, Delétage-Métreau, Céline, Le Mao, Raphael, Tromer, Cécile, Fajole, Gaëlle, Rayez, Mélanie, Raymond, Christel Saint, Gheerbrant, Hubert, Badatcheff, Anne, Person, Christine, Macey, Julie, Dermant, Xavier, Boitiaux, Jean-François, Gosset-Woimant, Marine, Metz-Favre, Carine, Degot, Tristan, Poulet, Claire, Popin, Elisabeth, Gamez, Anne Sophie, Boissin, Clément, Prevotat, Anne, Mangiapan, Gilles, Brouquières, Danielle, Le Floch, Hervé, Morisse-Pradier, Hélène, Sattler, Caroline, Muti, Daniela, Germaud, Patrick, Dirou, Stéphanie, Paris, Audrey, Melloni, Boris, Ballouhey, Julia, Bondeelle, Louise, Laurent, Lucie, Belleguic, Chantal, Kerjouan, Mallorie, Deslée, Gaëtan, Dury, Sandra, Bergot, Emmanuel, Magnier, Romain, Morel, Hugues, Lemaire, Bertrand, Tumino, Cécile, Sénéchal, Agathe, Choinier, Pascaline, Parrot, Antoine, Godet, Cendrine, Brun, Anne-Laure, Couturaud, Francis, Laurent, François, Frat, Jean-Pierre, Marchand-Adam, Sylvain, Gagnadoux, Frédéric, Blanchard, Elodie, Taillé, Camille, Philippe, Bruno, Hirschi, Sandrine, Andréjak, Claire, Bourdin, Arnaud, Chenivesse, Cécile, Dominique, Stéphane, Murris-Espin, Marlène, Rivière, Frédéric, Garcia, Gilles, Blanc, François-Xavier, Goupil, François, Bergeron, Anne, Flament, Thomas, Priou, Pascaline, Ragot, Stéphanie, and Cadranel, Jacques

Published
2024
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31. Hebbian Optocontrol of Cross-Modal Disruptive Reading in Increasing Acoustic Noise in an Adult with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Case Report

Author

Albert Le Floch and Guy Ropars

Subjects
acoustic noises in reading disorders, acoustic and visual noise interactions, optocontrol, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Acoustic noise is known to perturb reading for good readers, including children and adults. This external acoustic noise interfering at the multimodal areas in the brain causes difficulties reducing reading and writing performances. Moreover, it is known that people with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and dyslexia have reading deficits even in the absence of acoustic noise. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of additional acoustic noise on an adult with DCD and dyslexia. Indeed, as vision is the main source of information for the brain during reading, a noisy internal visual crowding has been observed in many cases of readers with dyslexia, as additional mirror or duplicated images of words are perceived by these observers, simultaneously with the primary images. Here, we show that when the noisy internal visual crowding and an increasing external acoustic noise are superimposed, a reading disruptive threshold at about 50 to 60 dBa of noise is reached, depending on the type of acoustic noise for a young adult with DCD and dyslexia but not for a control. More interestingly, we report that this disruptive noise threshold can be controlled by Hebbian mechanisms linked to a pulse-modulated lighting that erases the confusing internal crowding images. An improvement of 12 dBa in the disruptive threshold is then observed with two types of acoustic noises, showing the potential utility of Hebbian optocontrol in managing reading difficulties in adults with DCD and dyslexia.

Published
2024
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32. Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for community acquired pneumonia-related septic shock: a subgroup analysis of the APROCCHSS phase 3 randomised trial

Author

Djillali, ANNANE, Christian, BRUN-BUISSON, Benoit, MISSET, Jean, CHASTRE, François, BRIVET, Julien, BOHE, Carole, SCHWEBEL, Shidasp, SIAMI, Michel, SLAMA, Olivier, LEROY, Gilles, CAPELLIER, Michel, WOLFF, Mohamed, ALI BEN ALI, François, ANTONINI, Jean-François, LORIFERNE, Franck, PETITPAS, Claire, CHARPENTIER, Jean-Michel, CONSTANTIN, Gilles, D'HONNEUR, Bertrand, SOUWEINE, Xavier, FORCEVILLE, Bruno, MEGARBANE, Francois, BAUDIN, Gwenhaël, COLIN, Karim, ASEHNOUNE, Jean-Pierre, QUENOT, Bruno, FRANCOIS, Thierry, BOULAIN, Emmanuelle, MERCIER, Jean, REIGNIER, Roland, AMATHIEU, Fabrice, COOK, Alain, CARIOU, Loic, CHIMOT, Fouad, Fadel, Andrea, Polito, Bernard, Clair, Virginie, Maxime, David, Luis, Tarek, Sharshar, David, Orlikowski, Keyvan, RAZAZI, Nicolas, DE PROST, Guillaume, CARTEAUX, Maité, GARROUSTE ORGEAS, François, Philippart, Alain, Combes, Ania, Nieszkowska, Frederic, Jacobs, Dominique, Prat, Patrick, Lafforgue, Claire, ARA SOMOHANO, Clémence, MINET, Maxime, LUGOSI, Julien, Maizel, Jean Christophe, Navellou, Bruno, Mourvillier, Lila, Bouadma, Jean François, Timsit, Claude Denis, Martin, Julien, Textoris, Sandrine, Wiramus, Clément, BRUN, Benoît, RAGONNET, Ali, Ait-Hssain, Samia, Touati, Jean, Kuba, Vincent, Willems, Pierre, Lahillaire, Mohammed, Lassi, Marion, ANTONA, Alia, MEGHENEM, Marine, DEMESMAY, Eric, Boulet, Olivier, LOUTREL, Romain, DUMONT, Antoine, ROQUILLY, Pierre-Joachim, MAHE, Dominique, DEMEURE dit LATTE, Philippe, CHAMPIN, Jean François, ARNOULD, Raphaël, CINOTTI, Ronan, Le FLOCH, Marc, Clavel, Philippe, Vignon, Nicolas, Pichon, Emmanuelle, BEGOT, Anne-Laure, FEDOU, Catherine, CHAPELLAS, Antoine, GALY, Dalila, Benzekri Lefevre, Armelle, Mathonnet, Anne, Bretagnol, Isabelle, Runge, François, BARBIER, Grégoire, MULLER, Denis, GAROT, Pierre François, DEQUIN, Dominique, PERROTIN, Annick, LEGRAS, Julie, MANKIKIAN, Patrice, TALEC, Stephan, EHRMANN, Aurélie, JORET, Claire, LHOMMET, Emmanuelle, ROUVE, Laetitia, BODET-CONTENTIN, Youenn, JOUAN, Charlotte, SALMONGANDONNIERE, Laurent, MARTIN-LEFEVRE, Matthieu, HENRY-LAGARRIGUE, Aihem, YEHIA, Jean-Baptiste, LASCARROU, Christine, LEBERT, Jean-Claude, LACHERADE, Eric, LEVESQUE, Yen-Lan, NGUYEN, Fabrice, DAVIAUD, Adrien, BOUGLE, Jean Paul, MIRA, Jean Daniel, CHICHE, Frederic, PENE, Tristan, MORICHAU-BEAUCHANT, Guillaume, GERI, Pierre Henri, DESSALLES, Yannick, MONSEAU, Mélanie, SAINT-LEGER, Sandrine, BEDON-CARTE, Laetitia, Bodet-Contentin, Walid, Darwiche, Stephan, Ehrmann, Denis, Garot, Antoine, Guillon, Youenn, Jouan, Annick, Legras, Julie, Mankikian, Emmanuelle, Mercier, Marlene, Morisseau, Yonatan, Perez, Emmanuelle, Rouve, Charlotte, Salmon-Gandonniere, Julie, Helms, Hassene, Rahmani, Alexandra, Monnier, Hamid, Merdji, Raphael, Clere-Jehl, Laure, Stiel, Antoine, Studer, Pascal, Andreu, Jean-Baptiste, Roudaut, Marie, Labruyere, Marine, Jacquier, Francois, Barbier, Dalila, Benzekri, Thierry, Boulain, Sophie, Jacquier, Gregoire, Muller, Mai-Anh, Nai, Sophie, Tollec, Damien, Roux, Jonathan, Messika, Constance, Vuillard, Louis-Marie, Dumont, Laura, Federici, Noemie, Zucman, Marc, Amouretti, Djillali, Annane, Pierre, Moine, Paris, Meng, Rania, Bounab, Muriel-Sarah, Fartoukh, Michel, Djibre, Alexandre, Elabbadi, Marie-Ange, Azais, Konstantinos, Bachoumas, Arthur, Bailly, Remi, Bernardon, Gauthier, Blonz, Luc, Desmedt, Brian, Emonet, Maud, Fiancette, Matthieu, Henry, Jean-Claude, Lacherade, Jean-Baptiste, Lascarrou, Christine, Lebert, Julien, Lorber, Laurent Martin-, Lefevre, Caroline, Pouplet, Isabelle, Vinatier, Aihem, Yehia, Sarah, Benghanem, Julien, Charpentier, Clara, Vigneron, Anne-Laure, Fedou, Claire, Mancia, Emmanuelle, Begot, Thomas, Daix, Antoine, Galy, Celine, Gonzalez, Marine, Goudelin, Bruno, Evrard, Arnaud, Desachy, Julien, Vaidie, Guillaume, Gilbert, Cedric, Darreau, Benoit, Derrien, Marjorie, Saint-Martin, Patrice, Tirot, Mickael, Landais, Nicolas, Chudeau, Jean Christophe, Callahan, Dominique, Vivier, Charlene, Le Moal, Pierre-Yves, Olivier, Remy, Marnai, Francis, Schneider, Nicolas, Sedillot, Xavier, Tchenio, Adrien, Robine, Yves, Poncelin, Remi, Bruyere, Heming, Nicholas, Renault, Alain, Kuperminc, Emmanuelle, Brun-Buisson, Christian, Megarbane, Bruno, Quenot, Jean-Pierre, Siami, Shidasp, Cariou, Alain, Forceville, Xavier, Schwebel, Carole, Leone, Marc, Timsit, Jean-Francois, Misset, Benoît, Benali, Mohamed Ali, Colin, Gwenhael, Souweine, Bertrand, Asehnoune, Karim, Mercier, Emmanuelle, Chimot, Loïc, Charpentier, Claire, François, Bruno, Boulain, Thierry, Petitpas, Frank, Constantin, Jean Michel, Dhonneur, Gilles, Baudin, François, Combes, Alain, Bohé, Julien, Loriferne, Jean-François, Cook, Fabrice, Slama, Michel, Leroy, Olivier, Capellier, Gilles, Dargent, Auguste, Hissem, Tarik, Bounab, Rania, Maxime, Virginie, Moine, Pierre, Bellissant, Eric, and Annane, Djillali

Published
2024
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42. Shifts in Fusarium Communities and Mycotoxins in Maize Residues, Soils, and Wheat Grains throughout the Wheat Cycle: Implications for Fusarium Head Blight Epidemiology

Author

Toan Bao Hung Nguyen, Amandine Henri-Sanvoisin, Monika Coton, Gaétan Le Floch, and Adeline Picot

Subjects
metabarcoding, qPCR, Fusarium graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum, diversity, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), predominantly caused by Fusarium species, is a devastating cereal disease worldwide. While considerable research has focused on Fusarium communities in grains, less attention has been given to residues and soil, the primary inoculum sources. Knowledge of Fusarium spp. diversity, dynamics, and mycotoxin accumulation in these substrates is crucial for assessing their contribution to wheat head infection and the complex interactions among Fusarium communities throughout the wheat cycle. We monitored six minimum-tillage wheat fields, with maize as the preceding crop, over two years. Soils, maize residues, and wheat grains were sampled at four stages. Fusarium composition was analyzed using a culture-dependent method, species-specific qPCR, and EF1α region metabarcoding sequencing, enabling species-level resolution. The Fusarium communities were primarily influenced by substrate type, accounting for 35.8% of variance, followed by sampling location (8.1%) and sampling stage (3.2%). Among the 32 identified species, F. poae and F. graminearum dominated grains, with mean relative abundances of 47% and 29%, respectively. Conversely, residues were mainly contaminated by F. graminearum, with a low presence of F. poae, as confirmed by species-specific qPCR. Notably, during periods of high FHB pressure, such as in 2021, F. graminearum was the dominant species in grains. However, in the following year, F. poae outcompeted F. graminearum, resulting in reduced disease pressure, consistent with the lower pathogenicity of F. poae. Source Tracker analysis indicated that residues were a more significant source of Fusarium contamination on wheat in 2021 compared to 2022, suggesting that F. graminearum in 2021 primarily originated from residues, whereas F. poae’s sources of infection need further investigation. Additionally, multiple mycotoxins were detected and quantified in maize residues during the wheat cycle, raising the question of their ecological role and impact on the soil microbiota.

Published
2024
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43. Study of Title I Schoolwide and Targeted Assistance Programs: Final Report

Author

Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development (ED), Policy and Program Studies Service, American Institutes for Research (AIR), Le Floch, Kerstin Carlson, Levin, Jesse, Atchison, Drew, Tanenbaum, Courtney, Hurlburt, Steven, Manship, Karen, and Stullich, Stephanie

Abstract

The original purpose of the Title I program of the "Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965" (ESEA) was to provide supplemental services to assist low-achieving students in high-poverty schools, and schools were required to target Title I funds specifically to serve such students. In 1978, the schoolwide program (SWP) option was introduced to provide high-poverty schools with the flexibility to use Title I funds for whole-school approaches to improving achievement for all students in schools with high concentrations of poverty, particularly low-achieving students. Unlike schools using the traditional targeted assistance program (TAP) approach, SWP schools are allowed to consolidate Title I funds with those from other federal, state, and local sources and are not required to ensure that the funds are spent only for specific students identified as low achieving. This study examined how SWPs use their flexibility to design schoolwide services and strategies to address the needs of students who are low achieving and compare these practices with those used by TAP schools. Specifically, the data collected for this study provide insight into the types of services that are supported by Title I funds in SWP and TAP schools, the decision-making processes that inform the use of funds, and the extent to which Title I funds are consolidated or coordinated with other funding sources to support improved student outcomes. [For the results in brief, see ED613345.]

Published
2018

45. Ventilation practices in burn patients—an international prospective observational cohort study

Author

Schultz, Marcus J, Horn, Janneke, Hollmann, Markus W, Preckel, Benedikt, Glas, Gerie J, Colpaert, Kirsten, Malbrain, Manu, Neto, Ary Serpa, Asehnoune, Karim, de Abreu, Marcello Gamma, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Pelosi, Paolo, Sjöberg, Folke, Binnekade, Jan M, Cleffken, Berry, Juffermans, Nicole P, Knape, Paul, Loef, Bert G, Mackie, David P, Enkhbaatar, Perenlei, Depetris, Nadia, Perner, Anders, Herrero, Eva, Cachafeiro, Lucia, Jeschke, Marc, Lipman, Jeffrey, Legrand, Matthieu, Horter, Johannes, Lavrentieva, Athina, Glas, Gerie, Kazemi, Alex, Guttormsen, Anne Berit, Huss, Frederik, Kol, Mark, Wong, Helen, Starr, Therese, De Crop, Luc, de Oliveira Filho, Wilson, Silva, João Manoel, Grion, Cintia MC, Jeschke, Marc G, Burnett, Marjorie, Mondrup, Frederik, Ravat, Francois, Fontaine, Mathieu, Asehoune, Karim, Le Floch, Renan, Jeanne, Mathieu, Bacus, Morgane, Chaussard, Maïté, Lehnhardt, Marcus, Mikhail, Bassem Daniel, Gille, Jochen, Sharkey, Aidan, Trommel, Nicole, Reidinga, Auke C, Vieleers, Nadine, Tilsley, Anna, Onarheim, Henning, Bouza, Maria Teresa, Agrifoglio, Alexander, Fredén, Filip, Palmieri, Tina, Painting, Lynda E, and investigators, LAMiNAR

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Clinical Research, Lung, Respiratory, Mechanical ventilation, Inhalation trauma, Lung-protective, Critical care, LAMiNAR investigators, Clinical sciences, Medical biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

BackgroundIt is unknown whether lung-protective ventilation is applied in burn patients and whether they benefit from it. This study aimed to determine ventilation practices in burn intensive care units (ICUs) and investigate the association between lung-protective ventilation and the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28 (VFD-28).MethodsThis is an international prospective observational cohort study including adult burn patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Low tidal volume (V T) was defined as V T ≤ 8 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW). Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and maximum airway pressures were collected. The association between V T and VFD-28 was analyzed using a competing risk model. Ventilation settings were presented for all patients, focusing on the first day of ventilation. We also compared ventilation settings between patients with and without inhalation trauma.ResultsA total of 160 patients from 28 ICUs in 16 countries were included. Low V T was used in 74% of patients, median V T size was 7.3 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.2-8.3] mL/kg PBW and did not differ between patients with and without inhalation trauma (p = 0.58). Median VFD-28 was 17 (IQR 0-26), without a difference between ventilation with low or high V T (p = 0.98). All patients were ventilated with PEEP levels ≥5 cmH2O; 80% of patients had maximum airway pressures

Published
2021

48. The Impact of CSI Designation on Student Outcomes

Author

Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE), Drew Atchison, Umut Ozek, Kerstin Le Floch, Damon Blair, and Steve Hurlburt

Abstract

Background/significance: Standards-based accountability systems have been a pillar of education reform in the United States for almost three decades. Although accountability systems have evolved in progressive reauthorizations of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the underlying theory of action has changed little. The basic premise is that school-level accountability designations signal low (and high) levels of student performance or school quality, provide meaningful information to local stakeholders about actionable areas in which schools are underperforming, and motivate educators to foster improvements in student outcomes (Elmore, 2004; Hanushek & Raymond, 2001; National Research Council, 2011; O'Day, 2002; Saw et al., 2017). In December 2015, ESEA was reauthorized as the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which made several key changes to federal accountability policy. A key feature of ESSA is its flexibility, as it gave states substantial latitude in designing their processes for identifying and providing supports to low-performing schools (i.e., comprehensive support and improvement [CSI] schools). The current policy context promotes increasingly complex accountability systems with multiple measures and varied ways of calculating school performance, while also providing states, districts, and schools with more flexibility regarding how they will address low performance. Increased complexity and flexibility mean that school leaders must weigh more information and make strategic decisions about which accountability measures to prioritize and what improvement strategies to use in response to accountability results. Although several recent meta-analyses suggest that on average school performance improves in schools identified as low-performing in ESSA-style accountability systems, there is substantial heterogeneity in results with some systems being successful and others potentially harming low-performing schools (Redding & Nguyen, 2020; Schueler et al., 2020). Despite 25 years of federal accountability policies, many questions still exist about their ability to spur broad improvement, and notable gaps exist in our understanding of how accountability systems work, particularly in the context of the ESSA reauthorization. Purpose/Research Questions: In this study, we examine the causal effects of CSI designation on student outcomes including test scores, suspensions, absenteeism, high school graduation, and other student outcomes that are used for school accountability purposes. We also examine some of the mechanisms that might be driving the observed effects such as student mobility and teacher attrition. Setting: We have partnered with three states to conduct analyses of CSI schools: California, Ohio, and Florida. These three states represent different approaches to accountability and three different state contexts. In California, CSI schools are identified based on a series of business rules, where each accountability "indicator" is assigned a color (red being the lowest performing and blue being the highest performing). Schools with a sufficient number or percentage of red and orange indicators are identified as CSI. Both Ohio and Florida use index-based approaches for identifying CSI schools, where a variety of accountability measures are aggregated based on weights assigned to each measure. Schools with a low enough "index" are identified as CSI. Population/Sample: The population consists of all schools in our three partner states. Specifically, as of 2019-20, California had approximately 750 CSI schools, Florida had approximately 440 CSI schools, and Ohio had approximately 230 CSI schools. Intervention: Under ESSA, each state is required to identify at least the bottom 5% of schools based on performance and high schools with graduation rates below 67% to be identified as CSI schools. These schools are then intended to receive some additional funding, be provided additional supports, develop plans for improvement, implement strategies to improve, and ultimately improve student outcomes. Under ESSA, states were provided more flexibility to determine how to intervene in CSI schools and which improvement strategies to emphasize. Although not included in this paper, we conducted a principal survey and district interviews to better understand approaches to improvement and supports provided to CSI schools. Data sources and methods: To investigate the effects of the CSI designation on student outcomes, we obtained student- and school-level data from three states. Outcome data in each state consist of student-level test scores in math and ELA, attendance rates, student discipline, and graduation. The three states also provided student-level demographic data including student race, economic disadvantage status, special education status, and English learner status. We paired student-level data with data on CSI designation in 2018-19 and subsequent years. Using this data, we used two approaches to examine the effects of CSI designation on student outcomes. First, we used regression discontinuity (RD) to investigate the effect of CSI designation around school performance cutoffs. Because both Ohio and Florida both use an aggregate school performance index where schools performing below a cutoff are designated as CSI schools, the RD approach is most straightforward in these states. In California, a series of cutoffs on each individual indicator are used to determine performance ratings on each indicator. Given that no single cutoff determines CSI status, we used a comparative interrupted time series approach for California that establishes performance trends in both CSI and non-CSI schools prior to initial designation and then compares the difference in trends for both school types in the post-identification time periods. However, we have also used RD in California to understand the effect of earning a red or orange color on a given indicator. Findings: Preliminary results from Ohio through four years after CSI designation (2018-19 through 2021-22) using RD show no statistically significant improvements in student outcomes for CSI schools relative to non-CSI schools and several areas were CSI schools performed worse than non-CSI schools, including graduation rates, attendance, and ACT test scores. We are working on developing potential explanations for these findings. We are also working on completing analyses for California and Florida.

Published
2023

49. Mixed moduli in 3d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 higher-genus quivers

Author

Ioannis Lavdas and Bruno Le Floch

Subjects
Solitons Monopoles and Instantons, Supersymmetric Gauge Theory, Super- symmetry and Duality, AdS-CFT Correspondence, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We analyze exactly marginal deformations of 3d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Lagrangian gauge theories, especially mixed-branch operators with both electric and magnetic charges. These mixed-branch moduli can either belong to products of electric and magnetic current supermultiplets, or be single-trace (non-factorizable). Apart from some exceptional quivers that have additional moduli, 3d N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 theories described by genus g quivers with nonabelian unitary gauge groups have exactly g single-trace mixed moduli, which preserve the global flavour symmetries. This partly explains why only linear and circular quivers have known AdS4 supergravity duals. Indeed, for g > 1, AdS4 gauged supergravities cannot capture the entire g-dimensional moduli space even if one takes into account the quantization moduli of boundary conditions. Likewise, in a general Lagrangian theory, we establish (using the superconformal index) that the number of single-trace mixed moduli is bounded below by the genus of a graph encoding how nonabelian gauge groups act on hypermultiplets.

Published
2023
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