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1. Thermal fluctuations of matter composition and quark nucleation in compact stars

Author

Guerrini, Mirco, Pagliara, Giuseppe, Drago, Alessandro, and Lavagno, Andrea

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

At the extreme densities reached in the core of neutron stars, it is possible that quark deconfined matter is produced. The formation of this new phase of strongly interacting matter is likely to occur via a first-order phase transition for the typical temperatures reached in astrophysical processes. The first seeds of quark matter would then form through a process of nucleation within the metastable hadronic phase. Here we address the role of the thermal fluctuations in the hadronic composition on the nucleation of two-flavour quark matter. At finite temperature, thermodynamic quantities in a system fluctuate around average values. Being nucleation a local process, it is possible that it occurs in a subsystem whose composition makes the nucleation easier. We will consider the total probability of the nucleation as the product between the probability that a subsystem has a certain hadronic composition different from the average in the bulk, and the nucleation probability in that subsystem. We will show how those fluctuations of the hadronic composition can increase the efficiency of nucleation already for temperatures $\sim (0.1-1)$ keV. However, for temperatures $\lesssim (1-10)$ MeV, the needed overpressure exceeds the maximum pressure reached in compact stars. Finally, for even larger temperatures the process of nucleation can take place, even taking into account finite size effects., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024
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3. A DSP shared is a DSP earned: HLS Task-Level Multi-Pumping for High-Performance Low-Resource Designs

Author

Brignone, Giovanni, Lazarescu, Mihai T., and Lavagno, Luciano

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

High-level synthesis (HLS) enhances digital hardware design productivity through a high abstraction level. Even if the HLS abstraction prevents fine-grained manual register-transfer level (RTL) optimizations, it also enables automatable optimizations that would be unfeasible or hard to automate at RTL. Specifically, we propose a task-level multi-pumping methodology to reduce resource utilization, particularly digital signal processors (DSPs), while preserving the throughput of HLS kernels modeled as dataflow graphs (DFGs) targeting field-programmable gate arrays. The methodology exploits the HLS resource sharing to automatically insert the logic for reusing the same functional unit for different operations. In addition, it relies on multi-clock DFG s to run the multi-pumped tasks at higher frequencies. The methodology scales the pipeline initiation interval (II) and the clock frequency constraints of resource-intensive tasks by a multi-pumping factor (M). The looser II allows sharing the same resource among M different operations, while the tighter clock frequency preserves the throughput. We verified that our methodology opens a new Pareto front in the throughput and resource space by applying it to open-source HLS designs using state-of-the-art commercial HLS and implementation tools by Xilinx. The multi-pumped designs require up to 40% fewer DSP resources at the same throughput as the original designs optimized for performance (i.e., running at the maximum clock frequency) and achieve up to 50% better throughput using the same DSP s as the original designs optimized for resources with a single clock.

Published
2023
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4. Design and Optimization of Residual Neural Network Accelerators for Low-Power FPGAs Using High-Level Synthesis

Author

Minnella, Filippo, Urso, Teodoro, Lazarescu, Mihai T., and Lavagno, Luciano

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Residual neural networks are widely used in computer vision tasks. They enable the construction of deeper and more accurate models by mitigating the vanishing gradient problem. Their main innovation is the residual block which allows the output of one layer to bypass one or more intermediate layers and be added to the output of a later layer. Their complex structure and the buffering required by the residual block make them difficult to implement on resource-constrained platforms. We present a novel design flow for implementing deep learning models for field programmable gate arrays optimized for ResNets, using a strategy to reduce their buffering overhead to obtain a resource-efficient implementation of the residual layer. Our high-level synthesis (HLS)-based flow encompasses a thorough set of design principles and optimization strategies, exploiting in novel ways standard techniques such as temporal reuse and loop merging to efficiently map ResNet models, and potentially other skip connection-based NN architectures, into FPGA. The models are quantized to 8-bit integers for both weights and activations, 16-bit for biases, and 32-bit for accumulations. The experimental results are obtained on the CIFAR-10 dataset using ResNet8 and ResNet20 implemented with Xilinx FPGAs using HLS on the Ultra96-V2 and Kria KV260 boards. Compared to the state-of-the-art on the Kria KV260 board, our ResNet20 implementation achieves 2.88X speedup with 0.5% higher accuracy of 91.3%, while ResNet8 accuracy improves by 2.8% to 88.7%. The throughputs of ResNet8 and ResNet20 are 12971 FPS and 3254 FPS on the Ultra96 board, and 30153 FPS and 7601 FPS on the Kria KV26, respectively. They Pareto-dominate state-of-the-art solutions concerning accuracy, throughput, and energy.

Published
2023

5. To Spike or Not To Spike: A Digital Hardware Perspective on Deep Learning Acceleration

Author

Ottati, Fabrizio, Gao, Chang, Chen, Qinyu, Brignone, Giovanni, Casu, Mario R., Eshraghian, Jason K., and Lavagno, Luciano

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

As deep learning models scale, they become increasingly competitive from domains spanning from computer vision to natural language processing; however, this happens at the expense of efficiency since they require increasingly more memory and computing power. The power efficiency of the biological brain outperforms any large-scale deep learning ( DL ) model; thus, neuromorphic computing tries to mimic the brain operations, such as spike-based information processing, to improve the efficiency of DL models. Despite the benefits of the brain, such as efficient information transmission, dense neuronal interconnects, and the co-location of computation and memory, the available biological substrate has severely constrained the evolution of biological brains. Electronic hardware does not have the same constraints; therefore, while modeling spiking neural networks ( SNNs) might uncover one piece of the puzzle, the design of efficient hardware backends for SNN s needs further investigation, potentially taking inspiration from the available work done on the artificial neural networks ( ANNs) side. As such, when is it wise to look at the brain while designing new hardware, and when should it be ignored? To answer this question, we quantitatively compare the digital hardware acceleration techniques and platforms of ANNs and SNN s. As a result, we provide the following insights: (i) ANNs currently process static data more efficiently, (ii) applications targeting data produced by neuromorphic sensors, such as event-based cameras and silicon cochleas, need more investigation since the behavior of these sensors might naturally fit the SNN paradigm, and (iii) hybrid approaches combining SNN s and ANNs might lead to the best solutions and should be investigated further at the hardware level, accounting for both efficiency and loss optimization., Comment: Fixed error in bio

Published
2023

6. A Survey on Deep Learning Hardware Accelerators for Heterogeneous HPC Platforms

Author

Silvano, Cristina, Ielmini, Daniele, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, Fiorin, Leandro, Curzel, Serena, Benini, Luca, Conti, Francesco, Garofalo, Angelo, Zambelli, Cristian, Calore, Enrico, Schifano, Sebastiano Fabio, Palesi, Maurizio, Ascia, Giuseppe, Patti, Davide, Petra, Nicola, De Caro, Davide, Lavagno, Luciano, Urso, Teodoro, Cardellini, Valeria, Cardarilli, Gian Carlo, Birke, Robert, and Perri, Stefania

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Recent trends in deep learning (DL) imposed hardware accelerators as the most viable solution for several classes of high-performance computing (HPC) applications such as image classification, computer vision, and speech recognition. This survey summarizes and classifies the most recent advances in designing DL accelerators suitable to reach the performance requirements of HPC applications. In particular, it highlights the most advanced approaches to support deep learning accelerations including not only GPU and TPU-based accelerators but also design-specific hardware accelerators such as FPGA-based and ASIC-based accelerators, Neural Processing Units, open hardware RISC-V-based accelerators and co-processors. The survey also describes accelerators based on emerging memory technologies and computing paradigms, such as 3D-stacked Processor-In-Memory, non-volatile memories (mainly, Resistive RAM and Phase Change Memories) to implement in-memory computing, Neuromorphic Processing Units, and accelerators based on Multi-Chip Modules. Among emerging technologies, we also include some insights into quantum-based accelerators and photonics. To conclude, the survey classifies the most influential architectures and technologies proposed in the last years, with the purpose of offering the reader a comprehensive perspective in the rapidly evolving field of deep learning., Comment: Preprint version of our manuscript submitted to the journal @ ACM CSUR (58 pages including Appendix) on June 22nd, 2023. Major revision submitted on July 12th, 2024

Published
2023

8. Strangeness thermodynamic instabilities in hot and dense nuclear matter

Author

Lavagno, A. and Pigato, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We explore the presence of thermodynamic instabilities and, con\-se\-quen\-tly, the realization of a pure hadronic phase transition in the hot and finite baryon density nuclear matter. The analysis is performed by means of an effective relativistic mean-field model with the inclusion of hyperons, $\Delta$-isobars, and the lightest pseudoscalar and vector meson degrees of freedom. The Gibbs conditions on the global conservation of baryon number and zero net strangeness in symmetric nuclear matter are required. Similarly to the liquid-gas phase transition, we show that a phase transition, characterized by mechanical instabilities (due to fluctuations on the baryon number) and chemical-diffusive instabilities (due to fluctuations on the strangeness number), can take place for a finite range of $\Delta$-meson coupling constants, compatible with different experimental constraints. The hadronic phase transition, which presents similar features to the quark-hadron phase transition, is characterized by different strangeness content during the mixed phase and, consequently, by a sensible variation of the strange anti-particle to particle ratios., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2023
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9. Robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal neobladder and renal graft nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma in a double renal transplant recipient

Author

Alessandro Marquis, Marco Allasia, Marco Oderda, Alessandro Dematteis, Federico Lavagno, Simone Livoti, Giancarlo Marra, Francesco Soria, and Paolo Gontero

Subjects
Robotic radical cystectomy, Renal graft nephroureterectomy, Bilateral native ureterectomy, Renal transplant recipient, Urothelial carcinoma, Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Objective: To present the first surgical video of robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal neobladder in a renal transplant recipient. Patient and surgical procedure: A 29-year-old solitary kidney male who previously underwent double renal transplants (2016 right and 2020 left iliac fossa) presented to our attention a wide urothelial carcinoma of the distal part of the right graft ureter extending to the bladder. At the transurethral resection, a muscle-invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma was diagnosed. At the CT scan, the right renal graft appeared functionally excluded while the left one was well-vascularized and functioning, and no lymph node involvement or metastatic disease was reported. The patient was planned for surgery with curative intent. Robotic radical cystectomy, right graft radical nephroureterectomy, prophylactic bilateral native ureterectomy and Florence robotic intracorporeal neobladder (FloRIN) were performed. Results: The procedure was successfully completed. Technical aspects of the surgery are illustrated in the video. No intra- and postoperative complications were recorded. Blood losses were 200 mL. Operative time was 420 min. The mono J placed to protect the left renal graft was removed after two weeks, while the urinary catheter three weeks after a negative cystogram. The final pathology revealed a bladder pT2a G3 high-grade urothelial carcinoma and a pelvis and ureteral pT1 G3 high-grade urothelial carcinoma with carcinoma in situ. At one year after surgery, the patient was continent, potent, with insignificant residual volume and an unchanged renal function, and disease-free. Conclusions: In renal transplant recipients, robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal neobladder in renal transplant recipients is a safe and feasible procedure, guaranteeing optimal surgical and functional outcomes and a low complications rate.

Published
2024
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11. PANDA Phase One

Author

Barucca, G., Davì, F., Lancioni, G., Mengucci, P., Montalto, L., Natali, P. P., Paone, N., Rinaldi, D., Scalise, L., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Liu, Z., Liu, C., Liu, B., Shen, X., Sun, S., Zhao, G., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Alkakhi, W., Bökelmann, S., Coen, S., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Frech, J., Freudenreich, V., Fritsch, M., Grochowski, J., Hagdorn, R., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kümmel, M., Küßner, M., Li, J., Linzen, L., Maldaner, S., Oppotsch, J., Pankonin, S., Pelizäus, M., Pflüger, S., Reher, J., Reicherz, G., Schnier, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wenzel, C., Wiedner, U., Denizli, H., Er, N., Keskin, U., Yerlikaya, S., Yilmaz, A., Beck, R., Chauhan, V., Hammann, C., Hartmann, J., Ketzer, B., Müllers, J., Salisbury, B., Schmidt, C., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Pantea, D., Rimjaem, S., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Michałek, M., Poznański, P., Płażek, J., Korcyl, K., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Firlej, M., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Moron, J., Swientek, K., Terlecki, P., Korcyl, G., Lalik, R., Malige, A., Moskal, P., Nowakowski, K., Przygoda, W., Rathod, N., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Dzhygadlo, R., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Heinz, A., Jiang, P., Karabowicz, R., Koch, S., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Orth, H., Peters, K., Ritman, J., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Barabanov, M. Yu., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Galoyan, A., Golovanov, G., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Olshevskiy, A. G., Piskun, A. A., Samartsev, A., Shimanski, S., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Verkheev, A., Vodopianov, A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Miehling, D., Pfaffinger, M., Seth, K., Xiao, T., Ali, A., Hamdi, A., Himmelreich, M., Krebs, M., Nakhoul, S., Nerling, F., Gianotti, P., Lucherini, V., Bracco, G., Bodenschatz, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Brück, L., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Düren, M., Erlen, T., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Hofmann, J., Kegel, S., Khalid, F., Köseoglu, I., Kripko, A., Kühn, W., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Orsich, P., Pereira-de-Lira, J., Sachs, M., Schmidt, M., Schubert, R., Strickert, M., Wasem, T., Zaunick, H. G., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Glazier, D., Ireland, D., Seitz, B., Kappert, R., Kavatsyuk, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Rodin, V., Kalita, K., Huang, G., Liu, D., Peng, H., Qi, H., Sun, Y., Zhou, X., Kunze, M., Azizi, K., Olgun, A. T., Tavukoglu, Z., Derichs, A., Dosdall, R., Esmail, W., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Jokhovets, L., Kannika, J., Kulessa, P., Orfanitski, S., Perez-Andrade, G., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Rosenthal, E., Schadmand, S., Schmitz, R., Scholl, A., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Stockmanns, T., Veretennikov, D., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zhou, Y., Cao, X., Hu, Q., Liang, Y., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Leithoff, H. H., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Petersen, J., Pochodzalla, J., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Bleser, S., Bölting, M., Capozza, L., Dbeyssi, A., Ehret, A., Klasen, R., Kliemt, R., Maas, F., Motzko, C., Noll, O., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Schupp, F., Steinen, M., Wolff, S., Zimmermann, I., Kazlou, D., Korzhik, M., Missevitch, O., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Golubev, A., Kantsyrev, A., Kirin, D. Y., Kristi, N., Ladygina, E., Luschevskaya, E., Matveev, V. A., Panjushkin, V., Stavinskiy, A. V., Balashoff, A., Boukharov, A., Bukharova, M., Malyshev, O., Vishnevsky, E., Bonaventura, D., Brand, P., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Kellers, J., Khoukaz, A., Klostermann, D., Mannweiler, C., Vestrick, S., Bumrungkoh, D., Herold, C., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Manasatitpong, K., Nasawad, T., Pongampai, S., Simantathammakul, T., Srisawad, P., Wongprachanukul, N., Yan, Y., Yu, C., Zhang, X., Zhu, W., Antokhin, E., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V. E., Kuyanov, I. A., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Tikhonov, Y., Blinov, A. E., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Lattery, M., Boca, G., Duda, D., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Kveton, A., Prochazka, I., Slunecka, M., Volf, M., Jary, V., Korchak, O., Marcisovsky, M., Neue, G., Novy, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Abramov, V., Bukreeva, S., Chernichenko, S., Derevschikov, A., Ferapontov, V., Goncharenko, Y., Levin, A., Maslova, E., Melnik, Y., Meschanin, A., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Moiseev, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Belostotski, S., Fedotov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Cederwall, B., Preston, M., Tegner, P. E., Wölbing, D., Gandhi, K., Rai, A. K., Godre, S., Crede, V., Dobbs, S., Eugenio, P., Bussa, M. P., Spataro, S., Calvo, D., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Mazza, G., Wheadon, R., Iazzi, F., Lavagno, A., Akram, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Regina, J., Rieger, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Tarasiuk, J., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Amsler, C., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Zimmermann, S., Fischer, C. S., Haidenbauer, J., Hanhart, C., Lutz, M. F. M., and Ryan, Sinéad M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or $\overline{\rm P}$ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-perturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton-nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the \textit{Phase One} setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper., Comment: 35 pages, 15 figures

Published
2021
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14. Measuring nuclear reaction cross sections to extract information on neutrinoless double beta decay

Author

Cavallaro, M., Cappuzzello, F., Agodi, C., Acosta, L., Auerbach, N., Bellone, J., Bijker, R., Bonanno, D., Bongiovanni, D., Borello-Lewin, T., Boztosun, I., Branchina, V., Bussa, M. P., Calabrese, S., Calabretta, L., Calanna, A., Calvo, D., Carbone, D., Lomelí, E. R. Chávez, Coban, A., Colonna, M., D'Agostino, G., De Geronimo, G., Delaunay, F., Deshmukh, N., de Faria, P. N., Ferraresi, C., Ferreira, J. L., Finocchiaro, P., Fisichella, M., Foti, A., Gallo, G., Garcia, U., Giraudo, G., Greco, V., Hacisalihoglu, A., Kotila, J., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lanzalone, G., Lavagno, A., La Via, F., Lay, J. A., Lenske, H., Linares, R., Litrico, G., Longhitano, F., Presti, D. Lo, Lubian, J., Medina, N., Mendes, D. R., Muoio, A., Oliveira, J. R. B., Pakou, A., Pandola, L., Petrascu, H., Pinna, F., Reito, S., Rifuggiato, D., Rodrigues, M. R. D., Russo, A. D., Russo, G., Santagati, G., Santopinto, E., Sgouros, O., Solakci, S. O., Souliotis, G., Soukeras, V., Spatafora, A., Torresi, D., Tudisco, S., Vsevolodovna, R. I. M., Wheadon, R. J., Yildirin, A., and Zagatto, V. A. B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0v\b{eta}\b{eta}) is considered the best potential resource to access the absolute neutrino mass scale. Moreover, if observed, it will signal that neutrinos are their own anti-particles (Majorana particles). Presently, this physics case is one of the most important research "beyond Standard Model" and might guide the way towards a Grand Unified Theory of fundamental interactions. Since the 0v\b{eta}\b{eta} decay process involves nuclei, its analysis necessarily implies nuclear structure issues. In the NURE project, supported by a Starting Grant of the European Research Council (ERC), nuclear reactions of double charge-exchange (DCE) are used as a tool to extract information on the 0v\b{eta}\b{eta} Nuclear Matrix Elements. In DCE reactions and \b{eta}\b{eta} decay indeed the initial and final nuclear states are the same and the transition operators have similar structure. Thus the measurement of the DCE absolute cross-sections can give crucial information on \b{eta}\b{eta} matrix elements. In a wider view, the NUMEN international collaboration plans a major upgrade of the INFN-LNS facilities in the next years in order to increase the experimental production of nuclei of at least two orders of magnitude, thus making feasible a systematic study of all the cases of interest as candidates for 0v\b{eta}\b{eta}.

Published
2020
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15. NURE: An ERC project to study nuclear reactions for neutrinoless double beta decay

Author

Cavallaro, M., Aciksoz, E., Acosta, L., Agodi, C., Auerbach, N., Bellone, J., Bijker, R., Bianco, S., Bonanno, D., Bongiovanni, D., Borello, T., Boztosun, I., Branchina, V., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., Calabrese, S., Calabretta, L., Calanna, A., Calvo, D., Cappuzzello, F., Carbone, D., Lomeli, E. R. Chavez, Colonna, M., Agostino, G. D, Deshmuk, N., de Faria, P. N., Ferraresi, C., Ferreira, J. L., Finocchiaro, P., Fisichella, M., Foti, A., Gallo, G., Garcia, U., Giraudo, G., Greco, V., Hacisalihoglu, A., Kotila, J., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lanzalone, G., Lavagno, A., La Via, F., Lay, J. A., Lenske, H., Linares, R., Litrico, G., Longhitano, F., Presti, D. Lo, Lubian, J., Medina, N., Mendes, D. R., Muoio, A., Oliveira, J. R. B., Pakou, A., Pandola, L., Petrascu, H., Pinna, F., Pirri, F., Reito, S., Rifuggiato, D., Rodrigues, M. R. D., Russo, A. D., Russo, G., Santagati, G., Santopinto, E., Sgouros, O., Solakci, S. O., Souliotis, G., Soukeras, V., Torresi, D., Tudisco, S., Vsevolodovna, R. I. M., Wheadon, R., and Zagatto, V. A. B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta}) is considered the best potential resource to determine the absolute neutrino mass scale. Moreover, if observed, it will signal that the total lepton number is not conserved and neutrinos are their own anti-particles. Presently, this physics case is one of the most important research beyond Standard Model and might guide the way towards a Grand Unified Theory of fundamental interactions. Since the \b{eta}\b{eta} decay process involves nuclei, its analysis necessarily implies nuclear structure issues. The 0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta} decay rate can be expressed as a product of independent factors: the phase-space factors, the nuclear matrix elements (NME) and a function of the masses of the neutrino species. Thus the knowledge of the NME can give information on the neutrino mass scale, if the 0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta} decay rate is measured. In the NURE project, supported by a Starting Grant of the European Research Council, nuclear reactions of double charge-exchange (DCE) will be used as a tool to extract information on the \b{eta}\b{eta} NME. In DCE reactions and \b{eta}\b{eta} decay, the initial and final nuclear states are the same and the transition operators have similar structure. Thus the measurement of the DCE absolute crosssections can give crucial information on \b{eta}\b{eta} matrix elements., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2001.09657; text overlap with arXiv:2001.09648

Published
2020

16. Technical Design Report for the PANDA Endcap Disc DIRC

Author

Panda Collaboration, Davi, F., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Liu, B., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Freudenreich, V., Fritsch, M., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pitka, A., Reicherz, G., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sersin, S., Sohl, L., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Hartmann, J., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Pantea, D., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Michalek, M., Plazek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Przygoda, W., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Veis, N. Divani, Dzhygadlo, R., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Karabowicz, R., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Nakhoul, S., Orth, H., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Galoyan, A., Golovanov, G., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Piskun, A. A., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Verkheev, A., Vodopianov, A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zinchenko, A., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Miehling, D., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Ali, A., Hamdi, A., Krebs, M., Nerling, F., Akishina, V., Gorbunov, S., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bracco, G., Bodenschatz, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Galuska, M., Geßler, T., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Riccardi, A., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Strickert, M., Thöring, U., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H. G., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Derichs, A., Dosdall, R., Erven, A., Fracassi, V., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Jokhovets, L., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lai, A., Lehrach, A., Mikirtychyants, M., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Rosenthal, E., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Ma, X., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Aycock, A., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Zambrana, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Ehret, A., Fröhlich, B., Grasemann, P., Haasler, S., Izard, D., Jorge, J., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Kliemt, R., Köhler, J., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Michel, M., Espi, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pineiro, D. Rodriguez, Steinen, M., Walaa, E., Wolff, S., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korzhik, M., Missevitch, O., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Kirin, D. Y., Matveev, V. A., Stavinskiy, A. V., Balashoff, A., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Rai, A. K., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Herold, C., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Blinov, A. E., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Antokhin, E., Barnyakov, M., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kuyanov, I. A., Onuchin, A. P., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Serednyakov, S., Tikhonov, Y., Kunne, R., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Burian, V., Finger, M., Nikolovova, A., Pesek, M., Peskova, M., Pfeffer, M., Prochazka, I., Slunecka, M., Gallus, P., Jary, V., Novy, J., Tomasek, M., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P. E., Wölbing, D., Godre, S., Bussa, M. P., Marcello, S., Spataro, S., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Calvo, D., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Mazza, G., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Regina, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zimmermann, S., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2x10^32 cm^2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of the target spectrometer will be done by a fast and compact Cherenkov detector that uses the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 5{\deg} to 22{\deg} and to provide a separation power for the separation of charged pions and kaons up to 3 standard deviations (s.d.) for particle momenta up to 4 GeV/c in order to cover the important particle phase space. This document describes the technical design and the expected performance of the novel PANDA Disc DIRC detector that has not been used in any other high energy physics experiment (HEP) before. The performance has been studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and various beam tests at DESY and CERN. The final design meets all PANDA requirements and guarantees suffcient safety margins., Comment: TDR for Panda/Fair to be published

Published
2019

17. Hair-thread strangulation syndrome in childhood: a systematic review

Author

Daniela Djokic, Gregorio P. Milani, Sebastiano A. G. Lava, Gianluca Gualco, Teresa Corigliano, Mario G. Bianchetti, and Camilla Lavagno

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Hair-thread strangulation syndrome describes the constriction of a body part by a tightly wound hair or thread. This research aims to review the literature about this entity. METHODS: A systematic review was performed to characterise hair-thread strangulation syndrome in subjects aged ≤16 years. This pre-registered review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022363996) followed the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS: Subjects with digital strangulation were significantly younger (median = 4.0 [interquartile range: 2.0–6.1] months; n = 143) than females with genital strangulation (9.0 [6.8–11] years; n = 36), males with genital strangulation (5.1 [1.9–8.0] years; n = 36), and subjects with non-digital and non-genital strangulation (24 [13–48] months; n = 11). Digital strangulation was followed by an amputation in five (3.5%) and a reconstructive surgical intervention in seven (4.9%) cases. Sequelae occurred in four (11%) cases after female genital strangulation: clitoris autoamputation (n = 2) and surgical removal of a necrotic labium minus (n = 2). Severe complications were observed in 14 (39%) cases with male genital strangulation: urethral fistula (n = 7), urethral transection (n = 2), and partial penile autoamputation (n = 5). A partial uvular autoamputation was observed in one case (9.0%) with non-digital and non-genital strangulation. CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition and management are crucial to avoid sequelae or long-term care in hair-thread strangulation syndrome.

Published
2023
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18. A Graph Neural Network Model for Fast and Accurate Quality of Result Estimation for High-Level Synthesis

Author

M. Usman Jamal, Zhuowei Li, Mihai T. Lazarescu, and Luciano Lavagno

Subjects
Electronic design automation (EDA), graph neural network (GNN), machine learning (ML), high-level synthesis (HLS), quality of results (QoR), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

High-level synthesis (HLS) is a solution for rapid prototyping of application-specific hardware using the C/C++ behavioral programming language. Designers can apply HLS directives to optimize hardware implementations by making trade-offs between cost and performance. However, current HLS tools do not provide reliable quality of results (QoR) estimates, which prevents designers from making these trade-offs efficiently to ensure that the design meets the constraints. Taking advantage of the widespread use of machine learning (ML) to improve the predictability of electronic design automation (EDA) tools, we propose several graph neural network (GNN)-based models that learn and predict the post-implementation QoR from the pre-schedule control data flow graph (CDFG) representation of an HLS design targeting field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation, considering also the user HLS optimization directives. Experimental results show that our model can estimate the timing and resource usage of a previously unseen design (i.e, a completely new CDFG) within milliseconds with high accuracy, reducing prediction errors by up to $\mathrm {74~\%}$ compared to the estimate generated by the Vitis HLS tool itself after going through time-consuming scheduling and binding, and by $\mathrm {29~\%}$ and $\mathrm {22~\%}$ for resource usage and timing prediction, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art.

Published
2023
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19. Mix & Latch: An Optimization Flow for High-Performance Designs With Single-Clock Mixed-Polarity Latches and Flip-Flops

Author

Filippo Minnella, Jordi Cortadella, Mario R. Casu, Mihai T. Lazarescu, and Luciano Lavagno

Subjects
Integrated circuit synthesis, design automation, sequential circuits, latches, flip-flops, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Flip-flops are the most used sequential elements in synchronous circuits, but designs based on latches can operate at higher frequencies and occupy less area. Techniques to increase the maximum operating frequency of flip-flop based designs, such as time-borrowing, rely on tight hold constraints that are difficult to satisfy using traditional back-end optimization techniques. We propose Mix & Latch, a methodology to increase the operating frequency of synchronous digital circuits using a single clock tree and a mixed distribution of positive- and negative-edge-triggered flops, and positive- and negative-level-sensitive latches. An efficient mathematical model is proposed to optimize the type and location of the sequential elements of the circuit. We ensure that the initial registers are not moved from their initial location, although they may change type, thus allowing the use of equivalence checking and static timing analysis to verify formally the correctness of the transformation. The technique is validated using a $\mathrm {28 \text {n} \text {m} }$ CMOS FDSOI technology, obtaining $\mathrm {1.33 X}$ post-layout average operating frequency improvement on a broad set of benchmarks over a standard commercial design flow. Additionally, the circuit area was also reduced by more than $\mathrm {1.19 X}$ on average for the same benchmarks, although the overall area reduction is not a goal of the optimization algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes combining mixed-polarity flip-flops and latches to improve the circuit performance.

Published
2023
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20. Thermal Fluctuations of Matter Composition and Quark Nucleation in Compact Stars

Author

Mirco Guerrini, Giuseppe Pagliara, Alessandro Drago, and Andrea Lavagno

Subjects
Neutron star cores, Neutron stars, Compact objects, Nuclear physics, Nuclear astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

At the extreme densities reached in the core of neutron stars, it is possible that deconfined quark matter is produced. The formation of this new phase of strongly interacting matter is likely to occur via a first-order phase transition for the typical temperatures reached in astrophysical processes. The first seeds of quark matter would then form through a process of nucleation within the metastable hadronic phase. Here, we address the role of the thermal fluctuations in the hadronic composition on the nucleation of two-flavor quark matter. At finite temperature, the thermodynamic quantities in a system fluctuate around average values. Nucleation being a local process, it is possible that it occurs in a subsystem whose composition makes the nucleation easier. We will consider the total probability of the nucleation as the product between the probability that a subsystem has a certain hadronic composition different from the average in the bulk, and the nucleation probability in that subsystem. We will show how those fluctuations of the hadronic composition can increase the efficiency of nucleation already for temperatures ∼(0.1−1) keV. However, for temperatures ≲(1−10) MeV, the needed overpressure exceeds the maximum pressure reached in compact stars. Finally, for even larger temperatures the process of nucleation can take place, even taking into account finite-size effects.

Published
2024
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21. Synetgy: Algorithm-hardware Co-design for ConvNet Accelerators on Embedded FPGAs

Author

Yang, Yifan, Huang, Qijing, Wu, Bichen, Zhang, Tianjun, Ma, Liang, Gambardella, Giulio, Blott, Michaela, Lavagno, Luciano, Vissers, Kees, Wawrzynek, John, and Keutzer, Kurt

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

Using FPGAs to accelerate ConvNets has attracted significant attention in recent years. However, FPGA accelerator design has not leveraged the latest progress of ConvNets. As a result, the key application characteristics such as frames-per-second (FPS) are ignored in favor of simply counting GOPs, and results on accuracy, which is critical to application success, are often not even reported. In this work, we adopt an algorithm-hardware co-design approach to develop a ConvNet accelerator called Synetgy and a novel ConvNet model called DiracDeltaNet$^{\dagger}$. Both the accelerator and ConvNet are tailored to FPGA requirements. DiracDeltaNet, as the name suggests, is a ConvNet with only $1\times 1$ convolutions while spatial convolutions are replaced by more efficient shift operations. DiracDeltaNet achieves competitive accuracy on ImageNet (88.7\% top-5), but with 42$\times$ fewer parameters and 48$\times$ fewer OPs than VGG16. We further quantize DiracDeltaNet's weights to 4-bit and activations to 4-bits, with less than 1\% accuracy loss. These quantizations exploit well the nature of FPGA hardware. In short, DiracDeltaNet's small model size, low computational OP count, low precision and simplified operators allow us to co-design a highly customized computing unit for an FPGA. We implement the computing units for DiracDeltaNet on an Ultra96 SoC system through high-level synthesis. Our accelerator's final top-5 accuracy of 88.1\% on ImageNet, is higher than all the previously reported embedded FPGA accelerators. In addition, the accelerator reaches an inference speed of 66.3 FPS on the ImageNet classification task, surpassing prior works with similar accuracy by at least 11.6$\times$., Comment: Update to the latest results

Published
2018
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23. Construction methods

Author

Grasso, P., primary, Lavagno, A., additional, Brino, G., additional, Cardu, M., additional, Martinelli, C., additional, Todaro, C., additional, Carigi, A., additional, Cotugno, G., additional, Peila, D., additional, Concilia, M., additional, Bechter, S., additional, Bringiotti, M., additional, Nicastro, D., additional, Manassero, V., additional, Peinsitt, T., additional, and Santarelli, S., additional

Published
2022
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24. FPGA Acceleration of 3GPP Channel Model Emulator for 5G New Radio

Author

Nasir Ali Shah, Mihai T. Lazarescu, Roberto Quasso, Salvatore Scarpina, and Luciano Lavagno

Subjects
Channel emulator, FPGA, fifth-generation new radio, hardware acceleration, high-level synthesis, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The channel model is by far the most computing intensive part of the link level simulations of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) fifth-generation new radio (5GNR) communication systems. Simulation effort further increases when using more realistic geometry-based channel models, such as the three-dimensional spatial channel model (3DSCM). Channel emulation is used for functional and performance verification of such models in the network planning phase. These models use multiple finite impulse response (FIR) filters and have a very high degree of parallelism which can be exploited for accelerated execution on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) platforms. This paper proposes an efficient re-configurable implementation of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) 3DSCM on FPGAs using a design flow based on high-level synthesis (HLS). It studies the effect of various HLS optimization techniques on the total latency and hardware resource utilization on Xilinx Alveo U280 and Intel Arria 10GX 1150 high-performance FPGAs, using in both cases the commercial HLS tools of the producer. The channel model accuracy is preserved using double precision floating point arithmetic. This work analyzes in detail the effort to target the FPGA platforms using HLS tools, both in terms of common parallelization effort (shared by both FPGAs), and in terms of platform-specific effort, different for Xilinx and Intel FPGAs. Compared to the baseline general-purpose central processing unit (CPU) implementation, the achieved speedups are 65X and 95X using the Xilinx UltraScale+ and Intel Arria FPGA platform respectively, when using a Double Data Rate (DDR) memory interface. The FPGA-based designs also achieved ~3X better performance compared to a similar technology node NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 GPU, while consuming ~4X less energy. The FPGA implementation speedup improves up to 173X over the CPU baseline when using the Xilinx UltraRAM (URAM) and High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) resources, also achieving 6X lower latency and 12X lower energy consumption than the GPU implementation.

Published
2022
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25. Array-Specific Dataflow Caches for High-Level Synthesis of Memory-Intensive Algorithms on FPGAs

Author

Giovanni Brignone, M. Usman Jamal, Mihai T. Lazarescu, and Luciano Lavagno

Subjects
Cache, FPGA, high-level synthesis, memory management, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Designs implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) via high-level synthesis (HLS) suffer from off-chip memory latency and bandwidth bottlenecks. FPGAs can access both large but slow off-chip memories (DRAM), and fast but small on-chip memories (block RAMs and registers). HLS tools allow exploiting the memory hierarchy in a scratchpad-like fashion, requring a significant manual effort. We propose an automation of the FPGA memory management in Xilinx Vitis HLS through a fully-configurable C++ source-level cache. Each DRAM-mapped array can be associated with a private level 2 (L2) cache with one or more ports, and each port can optionally provide level 1 cache. The L2 cache runs in a separate dataflow task with respect to the application accessing it. This solution isolates off-chip memory accesses and data buffering into dedicated dataflow tasks, resembling the load, compute, store design paradigm, but without the drawback of manual algorithm refactoring. Experimental results collected from FPGA board show that our cache speeds up the execution of a variety of benchmarks by up to 60 times compared to the out-of-the-box solution provided by HLS, requiring very limited optimization effort. Our caches are not meant to compete with manually optimized implementations quality of results (QoR), but rather to significantly save design effort, in exchange for some QoR, to make the HLS flow a bit more software-like, allowing the designer to focus on algorithmic optimizations, rather than on explicit memory management. Moreover, caching could be the only feasible memory optimization for algorithms with data-dependent or irregular memory access patterns, but with good data locality.

Published
2022
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31. Feasibility study for the measurement of $\pi N$ TDAs at PANDA in $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0$

Author

PANDA Collaboration, Singh, B., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Liu, B., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Fink, M., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Jasper, S., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Mikirtychyants, M., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Ball, M., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Mahlberg, P., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Wilson, A., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Patel, B., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Michałek, M., Poznański, P., Płażek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Pyszniak, A., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Veis, N. Divani, Dzhygadlo, R., Ehret, A., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Gromliuk, A., Gruber, L., Karabowicz, R., Kliemt, R., Krebs, M., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Ugur, C., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Fedunov, A. G., Galoyan, A., Grigoryan, S., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Perevalova, E., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V., Rogov, Y., Salmin, R., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M., Teshev, R., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Vodopianov, A., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zinchenko, A., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savrie, M., Akishina, V., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Biguenko, K., Brinkmann, K. T., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Galuska, M., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Nanova, M., Nazarenko, S., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Reiter, S., Riccardi, A., Rieke, J., Rosenbaum, C., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Thöring, U., Ullrich, T., Wagner, M. N., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H. G., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P. J., Lindemulder, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Smit, H., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Kumar, A., Roy, A., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Cao, L., Cebulla, A., Dosdall, R., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lai, A., Lehrach, A., Nellen, R., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zambanini, A., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Deiseroth, M., Feldbauer, F., Fritsch, M., Fröhlich, B., Kang, D., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Martínez, M., Michel, M., Espí, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Nerling, F., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pitka, A., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Sanchez-Lorente, A., Steinen, M., Valente, R., Weber, T., Zambrana, M., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korjik, M., Missevitch, O., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Balanutsa, V., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Barnyakov, M., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kuyanov, I. A., Martin, K., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S., Sokolov, A., Tikhonov, Y., Blinov, A. E., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Atomssa, E., Kunne, R., Ma, B., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P. E., Wölbing, D., Rai, A. K., Godre, S., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Mignone, M., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Hu, J., Lavezzi, L., Maggiora, M., Maniscalco, G., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Balestra, F., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Olave, J., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Galnander, B., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., and Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K. M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The exclusive charmonium production process in $\bar{p}p$ annihilation with an associated $\pi^0$ meson $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0$ is studied in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. The feasibility of measuring this reaction through the $J/\psi\to e^+e^-$ decay channel with the PANDA (AntiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment is investigated. Simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as the background rejection from various sources including the $\bar{p}p\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0\pi^0$ reactions are performed with PandaRoot, the simulation and analysis software framework of the PANDA experiment. It is shown that the measurement can be done at PANDA with significant constraining power under the assumption of an integrated luminosity attainable in four to five months of data taking at the maximum design luminosity., Comment: 25 pages, 22 figures

Published
2016
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32. Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR

Author

PANDA Collaboration, Singh, B., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, B., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Fink, M., Heinsius, F., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Jasper, S., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Mikirtychyants, M., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Ball, M., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Mahlberg, P., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Wilson, A., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Patel, B., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, F., Lisowski, E., Michałek, M., Poznański, P., Płażek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Pyszniak, A., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Dzhygadlo, R., Ehret, A., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Gromliuk, A., Gruber, L., Karabowicz, R., Kliemt, R., Krebs, M., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Ugur, C., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Fedunov, A. G., Galoyan, A., Grigoryan, S., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Perevalova, E., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V., Rogov, Y., Salmin, R., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M., Teshev, R., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Vodopianov, A., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savrie, M., Akishina, V., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Biguenko, K., Brinkmann, K., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Galuska, M., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Nanova, M., Nazarenko, S., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Reiter, S., Rieke, J., Rosenbaum, C., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Thöring, U., Ullrich, M., Wagner, M. N., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P. J., Lindemulder, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Smit, H., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Kumar, A., Roy, A., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Cao, L., Cebulla, A., Dosdall, R., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lehrach, A., Nellen, R., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zambanini, A., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Deiseroth, M., Feldbauer, F., Fritsch, M., Fröhlich, B., Jasinski, P., Kang, D., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Marta, M., Michel, M., Espí, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Nerling, F., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pitka, A., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Sanchez-Lorente, A., Steinen, M., Valente, R., Weber, T., Zambrana, M., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korjik, M., Missevitch, O., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Balanutsa, V., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Barnyakov, M., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, A. E., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Kuyanov, I. A., Martin, K., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S., Sokolov, A., Tikhonov, Y., Atomssa, E., Kunne, R., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P., Wölbing, D., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Rai, A. K., Godre, S., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Mignone, M., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Balestra, F., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Olave, J., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Hu, J., Lavezzi, L., Maggiora, M., Maniscalco, G., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Galnander, B., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at \PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel $\bar p p \to e^+ e^-$ is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, $\textit{i.e.}$ $\bar p p \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance.

Published
2016

33. Mix & Latch: Comparison with state-of-the-art retiming on a RISC-V benchmark

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorísmia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals, Lagostina, Lorenzo, Minnella, Filippo, Cortadella, Jordi, Casu, Mario R., Lazarescu, Mihai T., Lavagno, Luciano, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ALBCOM - Algorísmia, Bioinformàtica, Complexitat i Mètodes Formals, Lagostina, Lorenzo, Minnella, Filippo, Cortadella, Jordi, Casu, Mario R., Lazarescu, Mihai T., and Lavagno, Luciano

Abstract

Flip-flops (FFs) are the most commonly used sequential elements in synchronous circuits, but their timing requirements limit the operating frequency. Borrowing time with a latch-based approach can increase operating frequency, but traditional backend optimization tools struggle to manage hold time requirements. The Mix & Latch technique achieves higher frequencies and often lower area than commercial state-of-the-art retiming by exploiting four types of synchronous sequential gates, namely positive and negative edge-triggered FFs and positive and negative transparent latches, all using a single clock tree. In this paper we first significantly accelerate the Mix & Latch flow convergence with respect to past work, by using a post-synthesis-based timing analysis that eliminates the first placement and routing needed for post-layout timing analysis. Then, by adding tolerance margins to the timing model, the pessimism is reduced to improve both convergence speed and maximum frequency. Finally, we reduce the complexity of the problem by applying the methodology only to the sequential elements belonging to critical paths. The effectiveness of Mix & Latch is then demonstrated on a RISC-V processor core from the Pulp platform using 28nm CMOS FDSOI technology. The results are compared to both the original Mix & Latch flow and a retiming performed with a state-of-the-art tool, showing a 25% frequency improvement over the original flow and 7.5% over the retiming flow. Compared to the retiming flow, we achieve comparable or lower power and area, while preserving the original registers and allowing logic equivalence checking., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Published
2024

34. Quark deconfinement and the duration of short Gamma Ray Bursts

Author

Drago, Alessandro, Lavagno, Andrea, Metzger, Brian, and Pagliara, Giuseppe

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We propose a model for short duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) based on the formation of a quark star after the merger of two neutron stars. We assume that the sGRB central engine is a proto-magnetar, which has been previously invoked to explain the plateau-like X-ray emission observed following both long and short GRBs. Here, we show that: i) a few milliseconds after the merger it is possible to form a stable and massive star made in part of quarks; ii) during the early cooling phase of the incompletely formed quark star, the flux of baryons ablated from the surface by neutrinos is large and it does not allow the outflow to achieve a bulk Lorentz factor high enough to produce a GRB; iii) after the quark burning front reaches the stellar surface, baryon ablation ceases and the jet becomes too baryon poor to produce a GRB; iv) however, between these two phases a GRB can be produced over the finite timescale required for the baryon pollution to cease; a characteristic timescale of the order of $\sim 0.1 $ s naturally results from the time the conversion front needs to cover the distance between the rotational pole and the latitude of the last closed magnetic field line; v) we predict a correlation between the luminosity of the sGRB and its duration, consistent with the data; vi) our model also predicts a delay of the order of ten seconds between the time of the merger event and the sGRB, allowing for the possibility of precursor emission and implying that the jet will encounter the dense cocoon formed immediately after the merger., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2015
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35. The scenario of two families of compact stars 1. Equations of state, mass-radius relations and binary systems

Author

Drago, Alessandro, Lavagno, Andrea, Pagliara, Giuseppe, and Pigato, Daniele

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We present several arguments which favor the scenario of two coexisting families of compact stars: hadronic stars and quark stars. Besides the well known hyperon puzzle of the physics of compact stars, a similar puzzle exists also when considering delta resonances. We show that these particles appear at densities close to twice saturation density and must be therefore included in the calculations of the hadronic equation of state. Such an early appearance is strictly related to the value of the L parameter of the symmetry energy that has been found, in recent phenomenological studies, to lie in the range $40

Published
2015
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39. High-Level Annotation of Routing Congestion for Xilinx Vivado HLS Designs

Author

Osama Bin Tariq, Junnan Shan, Georgios Floros, Christos P. Sotiriou, Mario R. Casu, Mihai Teodor Lazarescu, and Luciano Lavagno

Subjects
FPGA, HLS, routing congestion, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Ever since transistor cost stopped decreasing, customized programmable platforms, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), became a major way to improve software execution performance and energy consumption. While software developers can use high-level synthesis (HLS) to speed up register-transfer level (RTL) code generation from C++ or OpenCL source code, placement and routing issues, such as congestion, can still prevent achieving an FPGA programming bitstream or dramatically reduce the FPGA implementation performance. Congestion reports from physical design tools refer to thousands of RTL signal names instead of developer-accessible identifiers and statements, considerably complicating the developer understanding and resolution of the issues at the source level. We propose a high-level back-annotation flow that summarizes the routing congestion issues at the source level by analyzing the reports from the FPGA physical design tools and the internal debugging files of the HLS tools. Our flow describes congestion using comments back-annotated on the source code and identifies if the congestion causes are the on-chip memories or the DSP units (multipliers/adders), which are the shared resources very often associated with routing problems on FPGAs. We demonstrate on realistic large designs how the information provided by our flow helps to quickly spot congestion causes at the source level and to solve them using appropriate HLS directives.

Published
2021
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42. Robot-assisted PSMA-radioguided Surgery to Assess Surgical Margins and Nodal Metastases in Prostate Cancer Patients: Report on Three Cases Using an Intraoperative PET-CT Specimen Imager

Author

Oderda, Marco, primary, Grimaldi, Serena, additional, Rovera, Guido, additional, Delsedime, Luisa, additional, D’Agate, Daniele, additional, Lavagno, Federico, additional, Marquis, Alessandro, additional, Marra, Giancarlo, additional, Molinaro, Luca, additional, Deandreis, Desireé, additional, and Gontero, Paolo, additional

Published
2023
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44. Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the \={P}ANDA experiment at FAIR

Author

PANDA Collaboration, Singh, B. P., Erni, W., Keshelashvili, I., Krusche, B., M. Steinacher, Liu, B., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Shen, X., Wang, C., J. Zhao, Albrecht, M., Fink, M., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kümmel, M., Kuhl, G., Kuhlmann, M., Leyhe, M., Mikirtychyants, M., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Kaiser, D., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Mahlberg, P., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Wilson, A., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Pietreanu, D., Vasile, M. E., Patel, B., Kaplan, D., Brandys, P., Czyzewski, T., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Hawryluk, M., Filo, G., Krawczyk, M., Kwiatkowski, D., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Czech, B., Kliczewski, S., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Malgorzata, K., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Siudak, R., Szczurek, A., Biernat, J., Jowzaee, S., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Palka, M., Psyzniak, A., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wrońska, A., Augustin, I., Lehmann, I., Nicmorus, D., Schepers, G., Schmitt, L., Al-Turany, M., Cahit, U., Capozza, L., Dbeyssi, A., Deppe, H., Dzhygadlo, R., Ehret, A., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Karabowicz, R., Kliemt, R., Kunkel, J., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Lühning, J., Maas, F., Morales, C. Morales, Espí, M. C. Mora, Nerling, F., Orth, H., Peters, K., Pineiro, D. Rodríguez, Saito, N., Saito, T., Lorente, A. Sánchez, Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Valente, R., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V. M., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, A., Astakhov, V. I., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Yu. I., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A. A., Fedunov, A. G., Festchenko, A. A., Galoyan, A. S., Grigoryan, S., Karmokov, A., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, V. I., Lobanov, Yu. Yu., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V. L., Mustafaev, G. A., Olshevskiy, A., Pasyuk, M. A., Perevalova, E. A., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T. A., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V. K., Rogov, Yu. N., Salmin, R. A., Samartsev, A. G., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G. S., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M. K., Teshev, R. Sh., Tokmenin, V. V., Uzhinsky, V. V., Vodopyanov, A. S., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Woods, P., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savriè, M., Stancari, G., Akishina, V., Kisel, I., Kulakov, I., Zyzak, M., Arora, R., Bel, T., Gromliuk, A., Kalicy, G., Krebs, M., Patsyuk, M., Zuehlsdorf, M., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Pace, E., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Bianco, S., Bremer, D., Brinkmann, K. T., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Eissner, T., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Galuska, M., Gessler, T., Gutz, E., Hayrapetyan, A., Hu, J., Kröck, B., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, S., Liang, Y., Merle, O., Metag, V., Mülhheim, D., Münchow, D., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Pitka, A., Quagli, T., Rieke, J., Rosenbaum, C., Schnell, R., Spruck, B., Stenzel, H., Thöring, U., Ullrich, M., Wasem, T., Werner, M., Zaunick, H. G., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A. V., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P., Lindemulder, M., Löhner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Smit, H., van der Weele, J. C., Tiemens, M., Veenstra, R., Vejdani, S., Kalita, K., Mohanta, D. P., Kumar, A., Roy, A., Sahoo, R., Sohlbach, H., Büscher, M., Cao, L., Cebulla, A., Deermann, D., Dosdall, R., Esch, S., Georgadze, I., Gillitzer, A., Goerres, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Kozlov, V., Lehrach, A., Leiber, S., Maier, R., Nellen, R., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Ritman, J., Schadmand, S., Schumann, J., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Fissum, S., Hansen, K., Isaksson, L., Lundin, M., Schröder, B., Achenbach, P., Bleser, S., Cardinali, M., Corell, O., Deiseroth, M., Denig, A., Distler, M., Feldbauer, F., Fritsch, M., Jasinski, P., Hoek, M., Kangh, D., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Leithoff, H., Merkel, H., Michel, M., Motzko, C., Müller, U., Noll, O., Plueger, S., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Steinen, M., Thiel, M., Weber, T., Zambrana, M., Dormenev, V. I., Fedorov, A. A., Korzihik, M. V., Missevitch, O. V., Balanutsa, P., Balanutsa, V., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Varentsov, V., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Semenov, A., Konorov, I., Paul, S., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Khoukaz, A., Köhler, E., Täschner, A., Wessels, J., Dash, S., Jadhav, M., Kumar, S., Sarin, P., Varma, R., Chandratre, V. B., Datar, V., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Roy, B., Yan, Y., Chinorat, K., Khanchai, K., Ayut, L., Pornrad, S., Barnyakov, A. Y., Blinov, A. E., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kononov, S. A., Kravchenko, E. A., Kuyanov, I. A., Onuchin, A. P., Sokolov, A. A., Tikhonov, Y. A., Atomssa, E., Hennino, T., Imre, M., Kunne, R., Galliard, C. Le, Ma, B., Marchand, D., Ong, S., Ramstein, B., Rosier, P., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Van de Wiele, J., Boca, G., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Lavezzi, L., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Melnik, Y., Levin, A., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Yabsley, B., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makónyi, K., Tegnér, P. E., von Würtemberg, K. M., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Kashchuk, A., Levitskaya, O., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Naryshkin, Y., Suvorov, K., Veretennikov, D., Zhadanov, A., Rai, A. K., Godre, S. S., Duchat, R., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Maggiora, M., Maniscalco, G., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Zotti, L., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Mingnore, M., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Balestra, F., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Younis, H., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Clement, H., Gålnander, B., Balkeståhl, L. Caldeira, Calén, H., Fransson, K., Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Pettersson, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Zlomanczuk, J., Díaz, J., Ortiz, A., Vinodkumar, P. C., Parmar, A., Chlopik, A., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., Fröhlich, B., Khaneft, D., Lin, D., Zimmermann, I., and Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) encoding valuable new information on hadron structure appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description for several types of hard exclusive reactions. In this paper, we address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion ($\pi N$) TDAs from $\bar{p}p \to e^+e^- \pi^0$ reaction with the future \={P}ANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center of mass energy and high invariant mass squared of the lepton pair $q^2$, the amplitude of the signal channel $\bar{p}p \to e^+e^- \pi^0$ admits a QCD factorized description in terms of $\pi N$ TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward and backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring $\bar{p}p \to e^+e^- \pi^0$ with the \={P}ANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, i.e. $\bar{p}p \to \pi^+\pi^- \pi^0$ were performed for the center of mass energy squared $s = 5$ GeV$^2$ and $s = 10$ GeV$^2$, in the kinematic regions $3.0 < q^2 < 4.3$ GeV$^2$ and $5 < q^2 < 9$ GeV$^2$, respectively, with a neutral pion scattered in the forward or backward cone $| \cos\theta_{\pi^0}| > 0.5 $ in the proton-antiproton center of mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the \={P}ANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor of $5\cdot 10^7$ ($1\cdot 10^7$) at low (high) $q^2$ for $s=5$ GeV$^2$, and of $1\cdot 10^8$ ($6\cdot 10^6$) at low (high) $q^2$ for $s=10$ GeV$^2$, while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around $40\%$. At both energies, a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to $2$ fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. (.../...), Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures (some multiple), 2 tables (each double), preprint of an article for epj - v2

Published
2014

45. Is there a '$\Delta$-isobar puzzle' in the physics of neutron stars?

Author

Drago, Alessandro, Lavagno, Andrea, Pagliara, Giuseppe, and Pigato, Daniele

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We discuss the formation of $\Delta$ isobars in neutron star matter. We show that their threshold density strictly correlates with the density derivative of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter, the $L$ parameter. By restricting $L$ to the range of values indicated by recent experimental and theoretical analysis, i.e. $40$ MeV $\lesssim L \lesssim 62$ MeV, we find that $\Delta$ isobars appear at a density of the order of 2$\div$3 times nuclear matter saturation density, i.e. the same range for the appearance of hyperons. The range of values of the couplings of the $\Delta$s with the mesons is restricted by the analysis of the data obtained from photoabsorption, electron and pion scattering on nuclei. If the potential of the $\Delta$ in nuclear matter is close to the one indicated by the experimental data then the equation of state becomes soft enough that a "$\Delta$ puzzle" exists, similar to the "hyperon puzzle" widely discussed in the literature., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014

46. Dense hadronic matter in neutron stars

Author

Pagliara, Giuseppe, Drago, Alessandro, Lavagno, Andrea, and Pigato, Daniele

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The existence of stars with masses up to $2 M_{\odot}$ and the hints of the existence of stars with radii smaller than $\sim 11$ km seem to require, at the same time, a stiff and a soft hadronic equation of state at large densities. We argue that these two apparently contradicting constraints are actually an indication of the existence of two families of compact stars: hadronic stars which could be very compact and quark stars which could be very massive. In this respect, a crucial role is played, in the hadronic equation of state, by the delta isobars whose early appearance shifts to large densities the formation of hyperons. We also discuss how recent experimental information on the symmetry energy of nuclear matter at saturation indicate, indirectly, an early appearance of delta isobars in neutron star matter., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, prepared for proceedings of the conference "Excited QCD 2014", 2-8 February, Bjelasnica Mountain, Sarajevo

Published
2014

47. Expanding the role of bitter taste receptor in extra oral tissues: TAS2R38 is expressed in human adipocytes

Author

Raffaella Cancello, Giancarlo Micheletto, Dorela Meta, Rosalia Lavagno, Emanuele Bevilacqua, Valerio Panizzo, and Cecilia Invitti

Subjects
adipocytes, adipose tissue, lipolysis, obesity, tas2r38, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665, Cytology, QH573-671, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Increasing evidence indicates that taste receptors mediate a variety of functions in extra-oral tissues. The present study investigated the expression of bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 in human adipocytes, the possible link with genetic background and the role of TAS2R38 in cell delipidation and lipid accumulation rate in vitro. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues were collected in 32 obese and 18 lean subjects. The TAS2R38 gene expression and protein content were examined in whole tissues, differentiated adipocytes and stroma-vascular fraction cells (SVF). The P49A SNP of TAS2R38 gene was determined in each collected sample. The effect of two bitter agonists (6-n-propylthiouracil and quinine) was tested. TAS2R38 mRNA was more expressed in SAT and VAT of obese than lean subjects and the expression/protein content was greater in mature adipocytes. The expression levels were not linked to P49A variants. In in vitro differentiated adipocytes, bitter agonists induced a significant delipidation. Incubation with 6-n-propylthiouracil induced an inhibition of lipid accumulation rate together with an increase in TAS2R38 and a decrease in genes involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, TAS2R38 is more expressed in adipocytes of obese than lean subjects and is involved in differentiation and delipidation processes.

Published
2020
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49. Hadronic freeze-out in an effective relativistic mean field model

Author

Lavagno, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We investigate an effective relativistic equation of state at finite values of temperature and baryon chemical potential with the inclusion of the full octet of baryons, the Delta-isobars and the lightest pseudoscalar and vector meson degrees of freedom. These last particles have been introduced within a phenomenological approach by taking into account of an effective chemical potential and mass depending on the self-consistent interaction between baryons. In this framework, we study of the hadron yield ratios measured in central heavy ion collisions over a broad energy range and present the beam energy dependence of underlying dynamic quantities like the net baryon density and the energy density., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1004.0822

Published
2013
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50. Can very compact and very massive neutron stars both exist?

Author

Drago, Alessandro, Lavagno, Andrea, and Pagliara, Giuseppe

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The existence of neutron stars with masses of $\sim 2\,M_{\odot}$ requires a stiff equation of state at high densities. On the other hand, the necessary appearance also at high densities of new degrees of freedom, such as hyperons and $\Delta$ resonances, can lead to a strong softening of the equation of state with resulting maximum masses of $\sim 1.5\, M_{\odot}$ and radii smaller than $\sim 10$ km. Hints for the existence of compact stellar objects with very small radii have been found in recent statistical analysis of quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters. We propose an interpretation of these two apparently contradicting measurements, large masses and small radii, in terms of two separate families of compact stars: hadronic stars, whose equation of state is soft, can be very compact, while quark stars, whose equation of state is stiff, can be very massive. In this respect an early appearance of $\Delta$ resonances is crucial to guarantee the stability of the branch of hadronic stars. Our proposal could be tested by measurements of radii with an error of $\sim 1$ km, which is within reach of the planned LOFT satellite, and it would be further strengthened by the discovery of compact stars heavier than $\sim 2\,M_{\odot}$., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, revised version, accepted by Phys.Rev.D

Published
2013
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