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Object and purpose of research. This study is devoted to the scrapping of nuclear ships for the risk assessment of their decommissioning activities. Materials and methods. Based on available publications, this paper discusses various concepts for scrapping SSV-33 Ural, a large nuclear-powered ELINT ship, in the Primorsky Kray. The study was performed as per common research methods (analysis, comparison, instantiation). Main results. This paper investigated the first experience of scrapping a nuclear-powered surface ship in the Primorsky Kray and, taking this Project 1941 ship as a case study, gave an insight to technical and organizational aspects of its scrapping process. Conclusion. The study concludes that the floating unit with the reactor compartment of SSV-33 Ural needs further work to reduce its size and weight so that it could be sent to Ustrichny boneyard for long-term storage of reactor compartments. The paper also suggests an alternative variant of decommissioning nuclear-powered surface ships, by unloading their iron-water protection tanks with nuclear steam-generating plant and merge them into a single item for long-term storage, without any intermediate modules.

The paper studies quadratic minimal splines on nonuniform grids with multiple nodes on a closed interval. Asymptotic expansions for normalized splines are obtained. In dependence of the multiplicities of grid nodes, it is established to which class of continuity the spline functions under consideration belong. The results obtained are illustrated with examples of hyperbolic and trigonometric minimal splines. Bibliography: 10 titles.

The paper considers the minimal hyperbolic splines and their properties. Formulas for constructing quadratic splines and the corresponding biorthogonal (dual) functionals are obtained. Numerical results, demonstrating how approximation quality can be improved by using hyperbolic splines and changing control parameters, are presented.

Object and purpose of research. To reduce time and air volume required for drying high-pressure air bottles after hydraulic strength tests; experimental studies for subsequent development of a new, more efficient, layout of drying the bottles. Materials and methods. The amount of compressed air and time needed to dry air bottles with volume from 1 to 650 l as per the technology currently applied at ship repair yards was determined through calculation. The results confirmed the necessity to develop a new layout for the drying process. To perform experimental studies and search an optimal technological solution to this issue, there were developed nozzles (“vortex generators”) of three different designs that swirl the air flow coming into the bottle. To find out the optimal design during the experiments, a test rig was made, consisting of a bottle model, a flow rate meter and a manometer (to regulate valves and connecting pipes). Part of the bottle body was made of a glass pipe to visualize the drying process in simulation conditions. Inside the bottle model, a steel tube was installed, with “vortex generators” and beacons (thin woolen threads) attached to it. Main results. Experimental studies have shown that “vortex generators” (with tangential nozzles and outer diameter equal to the one of the air feed tube) reduces the amount of both time and compressed air required for drying. The experiments have shown that heat & mass exchange is the most intense when “vortex generators” are installed at the distance of approximately 5-6 calibers (internal diameter of the bottle’s cylindrical part) from each other, whereas drying of the through bottom requires installation of “vortex generators” at the distance of approximately two calibers from air flow outlet from the bottle.Conclusion. Air vortices make it possible not to rotate the bottles at the factory rig during drying of their internal surfaces, thus making the bottles less costly to repair. This new efficiency drying layout based on “vortex generators” is suggested for introduction at ship repair yards.

Nowadays, in the agricultural industry, area monitoring is carried out using drones that are not linked to other devices such as ground-based automatic harvesters or drip irrigation systems. This results in a lot of time-consuming decision-making for harvesting ripe different crops or for pesticide treatment of areas of crops that need it immediately. This problem can be solved by using a monitoring system with heterogeneous robotic means, which allows the distribution of tasks between aerial robotic means. The purpose of this work is to optimize the algorithm of the control system for a group of robotic assets using a multigeneric decision-making approach. Many methods of operator decision support, control algorithms for solving the task of agricultural monitoring, used by scientific teams in the development of heterogeneous robotic means do not solve the problem in full. The approach is based on model optimization, namely the theory of auctions within the developed system, allowing to find a robotic system providing the maximum probability of fulfillment of the set task.

Object and purpose of research. Reduction of radiation pollution risk for water areas of the Primorsky Kray, development of scrapping plans for nuclear maintenance ships. Materials and methods. The case study of scrapping a serially produced Project 326M floating maintenance base is used to analyse the ways to accomplish the task of scrapping a radiation-hazardous object potentially dangerous for its crew and surrounding population, as well as characterized by a deplorable state of her hull structures, which makes emergency scuttlingradiation safety and costs. Main results. Development of scrapping plans for nuclear maintenance ships involved feasibility study of various scrapping options. The results of this analysis served to develop one storage package of the nuclear maintenance ship intended for long-term storage on a solid pad at Ustrichny long-term nuclear waste storage site. The key criterion in the selection of the preferable option was to ensure radiation safety of the personnel taking into account extremely dire radiation environment aboard the ship. The results of this development were organizational scrapping plan for the nuclear waste ship at Berth 2 of Ustrichny site, as well as technological solutions on the site’s upgrade. Conclusion. According to the organizational & technological plan of scrapping Project 326 (326M), nuclear maintenance ships TNT-50, TNT-16 and TNT-4 were scrapped at Ustrichny site in 2013-2015. The scrappings were performed with the minimum effect of technological processes and waste upon the environment.

We theoretically analyze two setups of low energy single-photon counters based on Josephson junctions (JJ). For this, we propose two simple and general models, based on the macroscopic quantum tunneling formalism (MQT). The first setup is similar to the photon counter based on the "cold electron bolometer" (CEB), where the JJ replaces the CEB in the center of the superconducting antenna. In the second setup, the JJ is capacitively coupled to the antenna. We derive the Hamiltonians for the two setups and we write the Schr\"odinger equations taking into account both, the antenna and the JJ. The quantum particles of the MQT models are in two-dimensional potential landscapes, which are parabolic along one direction and may have the form of a washboard potential along another direction. Such a potential landscape has a series of local minima, separated by saddle points. If the particle is prepared in the initial state in the metastable "ground state" of a local minimum, then the photon absorption causes it to jump into an excited state. If the excitation energy is bigger than the potential barrier seen by the quantum particle (the difference between the "ground state" and the saddle point), the photon is detected. The models are simple and allow us to do mostly analytical calculations. We show that the two setups are equivalent form the MQT point of view, since one Hamiltonian can be transformed into the other by changes of variables. For typical values of the JJ and antenna parameters, the setups may work as counters of photons of wavelengths up to 1 cm, at least., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures -- in production in Phys. Rev. B

This paper investigates the technologies for the formation of the thin-film electrode material of the chemical current sources. To get the high specific energy density of the electrode we used the grinding of chemically active material (LiCoO2), which the most widely used for cathode materials of chemical current sources to deposit on the materialized carbon-based electrode materials. The tested results show that the specific energy density of the electrode reaches to 210 mAh/g, which is more than thick-film technologies can reach (150 mAh/g).

This paper considers minimal coordinate splines. These splines as a special case include well-known polynomial B-splines and share most properties of B-splines (linear independency, smoothness, nonnegativity, etc.). We construct a system of dual functionals biorthogonal to the system of minimal splines. The obtained results are illustrated with an example of a polynomial generating vector function, which leads to the construction of B-splines and the de Boor–Fix functionals. For nonpolynomial generating vector functions we give formulas for the construction of nonpolynomial splines and the dual de Boor–Fix type functionals.

Effects of nontrivial topology S1× R3 of space-time for a scalarself-interacting λφ4 model in theperturbative regime are discussed. Asymptotic propertiesof the coupling constant for untwisted and twisted field configurations areinvestigated.

We consider the behavior of an ideal quantum Fermi gas in curved space-time. We obtain and analyze the expressions for the densities of the Helmholtz free energy and grand thermodynamic potential in this case. We find the dependence of chemical potential and Fermi energy on the curvature of space-time and compute the explicit expression for the chemical potential of a Fermi gas at high densities and in the low-temperature approximation.

The Bose gas in an arbitrary curved space-time is considered. A method of construction of the thermodynamic potential of a quantum gas by means of a finite-temperature Green's function is proposed. On this basis the Bose and Boltzmann distributions are derived. The behavior of the chemical potential is investigated. The phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation is discussed.

The lecture is devoted to the analysis of different variants of surgical accesses to the adrenals.

We consider the fermions coupled to external gravitational field at finite temperature. In three dimensions we derive the induced Chern-Simons term by local-momentum method. The precise dependence of coefficients on temperature is obtained.

The literature review devoted to pathogenesis of the development of hyper- and hypoaldosteronism is presented. Based on the analysis of Russian and English-written literature known and clinically significant diseases arising due to hyper- and hypoaldosteronism are presented. Pathogenetic mechanisms inducing the development of primary and secondary forms of hyper- and hypoaldosteronism were enlightened. Furthermore the data on mechanisms of formation of hyper- and hypoaldosteronism are given.

A new technique for analytic definition of GaAs impulse conductivity is proposed. It is based on the relaxation equations of pulse, energy and concentration conservation, as well as on the analysis of relaxation times for different scattering effects. The validity of analytic model for pulses with different fronts is defined that made it possible to determine the optimal condition for nanosecond pulses generation.

The paper presents systemized literature data on cardiac arrhythmias (CA) associated with cholecystectomies. The authors present an analysis of CA in 101 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCC), registered before, during and after an elective cholecystectomy (the surgery was performed either through laparotomy or using endovideosurgical technique). The study revealed that cholecystectomy, especially laparatomic one, bore an arrythmogenic effect. Additional predictors of dangerous CA associated with surgical treatment of CCC, were presence of sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, ciliary arrhythmia, changes in the variability of heart rate, and preoperative heart enlargement.

Multiple scattering and absorption of inclined narrow beam can be obtained in theory of radiation transfer as a generalized solution in the five-dimensional phase domain of spatial and angular variables concerning boundary layer problem for kinetic equation with a mono-directional pointed source on the boundary of the plane layer. This solution is interpreted in wide classes of mathematical physics problems as an influence function and can be found by the spatial-frequency characteristics method with these characteristics being considered as Fourier-transforms of the influence function on horizontal coordinates.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Boundary-value problem of radiation transfer in optically thick layers is considered while describing ocean, cloudiness, aerosol particle outbreaks, dust traces and other specific effects resulted from large fires (forest, peat-lands, in steppe regions, anthropogenic). Space and angular distributions of radiation in view of polarization and depolarization inside the relevant layer of these media as well as reflected and passed through the layer radiation are formed as a result of multiple scattering and absorption.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A more detailed modeling of interactions between the solar radiation and smoke medium and also of mechanisms of radiative transfer between air and smoke media is required. One-dimensional models of solar-radiation transfer in the atmosphere-smoke system (SAS), i.e. atmosphere with admixtures that arose under the effect of large scale fires (forest, peat, industrial) and lead to forming extending smoke screen, are being developed by us on the basis of two approaches. In one model, calculations are performed by the iteration method of characteristics ofr a two-medium SAS: underlying layer - smoke screen, upper layer- atmosphere. The second model uses the optical transfer operator (OTO) to express the SAS radiation through the influence functions (IFs) of the atmosphere and smoke.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses new automatic code radiation earth with parallel computing. The availability of such tools enables to carry out precise calculations, numerical experiments, imitation modeling, and verification of approximate techniques and fast algorithms of updated solutions of scientific development. The algorithms of parallel calculations are given according to physical models: multispectral, optical, and geophysical weather, and in accordance with the relevant sources. Information-mathematical system to compute the radiation and transfer characteristics of Earth's atmosphere consists of information-mathematical model, computer-information system, and calculation-theoretic research of radiation and transfer characteristic of Earth atmosphere. The complex of mathematical models and methods represents the open developed system of mathematical simulation. The resources for its adaptation to conditions of concrete objects and on different high capacity computing systems are stipulated.

To study clinical and laboratory manifestations of hormonal activity in hypertensive patients with undifferentiated adrenal tumors.40 patients (19 males and 21 females aged 16-60 years) with undifferentiated adrenal tumors were examined. They were treated surgically. The results of the examination were compared with histological evidence on the resected adrenals. Clinical and laboratory signs of hormonal activity of the tumor were ascertained.Clinical symptoms in patients with adrenal tumors differed from those of typical symptoms of Icenko-Cushing, Cohn syndromes, pheochromocytoma. Hypertension in patients with cortical tumor may arise because of high synthesis of hydrocortisone, in patients with medullary tumor--of catecholamines. However, the level of hormones was not high enough for development of classic syndromes. That's why these tumors were named undifferentiated.Adrenal cortical tumors have signs of mixed androgeno-mineral-glucocorticoid activity. In medullary adrenal tumors hypersecretion of catecholamines is associated with cortical hyperfunction.

The most common surgical approaches to adrenal gland tumors were analyzed. New original approach in adrenal surgery--transcostal lumbotomy--was developed and used in 175 patients. It is demonstrated that transcostal lumbolaparotomy has the best spatial parameters of surgical wound compared with other known approaches in adrenal surgery.

Forty-eight patients with progressive (malignant) arterial hypertension resistant to conservative therapy were subjected to surgical portalization of the adrenal blood stream in order to metabolize excessively produced aldosterone in the liver of the patients. Cerebral hemodynamics was studied before by tetra- and bipolar rheoencephalography, central hemodynamics was studied by tetrapolar transthoracic rheography, and intracardiac hemodynamics by echocardiography before and after surgery; blood plasma aldosterone and hydrocortisone concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured. A significant reduction of arterial pressure, elimination or alleviation of subjective and objective manifestations of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy were seen in the majority of patients after surgery. Cerebral blood flow improved, blood plasma aldosterone and renin activity reduced, myocardial hypertrophy decreased, and a trend to normalization of intracardiac hemodynamics was observed.

The authors analyze the results of the surgical treatment of patients with progressive essential hypertension (PEN). The treatment involved cryodestruction (adrenalectomy) of the right adrenal and autotransplantation of the left adrenal on the vascular peduncle into the transverse mesentery. Before the operation the data on water-salt homeostasis, central and cerebral hemodynamics and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system attested to PEH. 1 to 3 years after the operation natriuresis was revealed (210% of the initial value), as were a decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance, amelioration of the cerebral blood flow and peripheral blood aldosterone lowering from 246 +/- 17 to 90 +/- 14 sh/ml.