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We propose and demonstrate a non-contact quantitative measurement method for the thermal Hall effect (THE) based on magnetic-field-modulated lock-in thermography. This method enables visualization of THE-induced temperature change and quantitative estimation of the thermal Hall angle $\theta_{\rm THE}$ by applying periodic magnetic fields to a sample and obtaining the first harmonic response of thermal images. By combining this method with LIT-based measurement techniques for the longitudinal thermal conductivity $\kappa_{xx}$, we also quantify the transverse thermal conductivity $\kappa_{xy}$. We validate our measurement methods by estimating $\theta_{\rm THE}$, $\kappa_{xx}$, and $\kappa_{xy}$ in a ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co$_2$MnGa slab showing large THE., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures

This study reports the observation of the large anomalous Nernst effect in polycrystalline ferromagnetic Co$_{2}$MnGa (CMG) slabs prepared by a spark plasma sintering method. By optimizing the sintering conditions, the anomalous Nernst coefficient reaches ~7.5 $\mu$V K$^{-1}$ at room temperature, comparable to the highest value reported in the single-crystalline CMG slabs. Owing to the sizable anomalous Nernst coefficient and reduced thermal conductivity, the dimensionless figure of merit in our optimized CMG slab shows the record-high value of ~8$\times$10$^{-4}$ at room temperature. With the aid of the nano/microstructure characterization and first-principles phonon calculation, this study discusses the dependence of the transport properties on the degree of crystalline ordering and morphology of crystal-domain boundaries in the sintered CMG slabs. The results reveal a potential of polycrystalline topological materials for transverse thermoelectric applications, enabling the construction of large-scale modules., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures

This paper presents a heuristic for finding the optimum number of CUDA streams by using tools common to the modern AI-oriented approaches and applied to the parallel partition algorithm. A time complexity model for the GPU realization of the partition method is built. Further, a refined time complexity model for the partition algorithm being executed on multiple CUDA streams is formulated. Computational experiments for different SLAE sizes are conducted, and the optimum number of CUDA streams for each of them is found empirically. Based on the collected data a model for the sum of the times for the non-dominant GPU operations (that take part in the stream overlap) is formulated using regression analysis. A fitting non-linear model for the overhead time connected with the creation of CUDA streams is created. Statistical analysis is done for all the built models. An algorithm for finding the optimum number of CUDA streams is formulated. Using this algorithm, together with the two models mentioned above, predictions for the optimum number of CUDA streams are made. Comparing the predicted values with the actual data, the algorithm is deemed to be acceptably good., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, MMCP conference 2024, Yerevan, Armenia

Time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) in magnetic topological insulators induces a Dirac gap in the topological surface state (TSS), leading to exotic phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Yet, the interplay between TRSB and topology in superconductors remains underexplored due to limited suitable materials. Here we employ zero-field muon spin relaxation ($\mu$SR) as a sensitive probe of TRSB to map out the electronic phase diagrams of iron-chalcogenide superconductors FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$. For the Te composition $x=0.64$ with the highest superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}=14.5$ K, which is known to host a TSS and Majorana zero modes within vortices, we detect spontaneous magnetic fields below $T_{\rm c}$ distinct from a magnetic order. This signifies a TRSB superconducting state in the bulk, revealing the convergence of unconventional TRSB superconductivity with topologically nontrivial electronic structures in FeSe$_{1-x}$Te$_{x}$. Given the relatively high $T_{\rm c}$ and the tunability of the Fermi level through chemical substitution, iron-chalcogenide superconductors offer an intriguing platform for investigating the synergy between topological superconductivity and TRSB., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Microswimmers are sub-millimeter swimming microrobots that show potential as a platform for controllable locomotion in applications including targeted cargo delivery and minimally invasive surgery. To be viable for these target applications, microswimmers will eventually need to be able to navigate in environments with dynamic fluid flows and forces. Experimental studies with microswimmers towards this goal are currently rare because of the difficulty isolating intentional microswimmer motion from environment-induced motion. In this work, we present a method for measuring microswimmer locomotion within a complex flow environment using fiducial microspheres. By tracking the particle motion of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic polystyrene fiducial microspheres, we capture the effect of fluid flow and field gradients on microswimmer trajectories. We then determine the field-driven translation of these microswimmers relative to fluid flow and demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by illustrating the motion of multiple microswimmers through different flows., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, preprint of ICRA conference submission

On 1 January 2024, devastating tsunamis caused by the Noto Peninsula earthquake hit coastal areas within several minutes, but only two tsunami casualties were officially reported. Despite its importance, the cause of this unexpectedly low human loss was unclear because of the limited access to the peninsula and the presence of many visitors during the holiday, which made conducting conventional surveys infeasible. Here, we reveal evacuation behaviour during the 2024 Noto Peninsula tsunami using massive geolocation data collected from a smartphone app. By analysing these massive data, which include over 1.5 million records collected on this day, we find that the evacuation was extremely fast, occurring within 2--6 minutes after the origin time. Further analyses suggest that these fast departures were driven mainly by strong ground shaking; the fact that the tsunami occurred during the family-oriented New Year holiday was also a key factor. Additionally, the long-term analysis of the data reveals that people started returning to the coastal area 20--100 minutes after the origin time, which was long before the downgrading and cancellation of the tsunami warnings. These results highlight the utility of the innovative data-driven approach to evacuation surveys, which addresses the limitations of conventional evacuation surveys.

We consider statistical inference for a class of mixed-effects models with system noise described by a non-Gaussian integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Under the asymptotics where the number of individuals goes to infinity with possibly unbalanced sampling frequency across individuals, we prove some theoretical properties of the Gaussian quasi-likelihood function, followed by the asymptotic normality and the tail-probability estimate of the associated estimator. In addition to the joint inference, we propose and investigate the three-stage inference strategy, revealing that they are first-order equivalent while quantitatively different in the second-order terms. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical results., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures

The standardization of an interface for dense linear algebra operations in the BLAS standard has enabled interoperability between different linear algebra libraries, thereby boosting the success of scientific computing, in particular in scientific HPC. Despite numerous efforts in the past, the community has not yet agreed on a standardization for sparse linear algebra operations due to numerous reasons. One is the fact that sparse linear algebra objects allow for many different storage formats, and different hardware may favor different storage formats. This makes the definition of a FORTRAN-style all-circumventing interface extremely challenging. Another reason is that opposed to dense linear algebra functionality, in sparse linear algebra, the size of the sparse data structure for the operation result is not always known prior to the information. Furthermore, as opposed to the standardization effort for dense linear algebra, we are late in the technology readiness cycle, and many production-ready software libraries using sparse linear algebra routines have implemented and committed to their own sparse BLAS interface. At the same time, there exists a demand for standardization that would improve interoperability, and sustainability, and allow for easier integration of building blocks. In an inclusive, cross-institutional effort involving numerous academic institutions, US National Labs, and industry, we spent two years designing a hardware-portable interface for basic sparse linear algebra functionality that serves the user needs and is compatible with the different interfaces currently used by different vendors. In this paper, we present a C++ API for sparse linear algebra functionality, discuss the design choices, and detail how software developers preserve a lot of freedom in terms of how to implement functionality behind this API., Comment: 43 pages

This study explores sol-gel methods for fabricating erbium-doped silica microtoroid resonators, addressing the limitations of conventional doping techniques and enhancing device scalability. We develop a reproducible sol-gel process that yields defect-free films for photonic applications, and detail common defects and troubleshooting strategies. Two fabrication methods are compared: traditional film deposition on substrates and the direct coating of prefabricated resonators. The latter enables the fabrication of larger resonator diameters (up to 450 {\mu}m) without buckling, while achieving a high-Q factor and a low lasing threshold of 350 {\mu}W. These erbium-doped resonators exhibit multi-mode laser oscillations at 1550 nm, revealing the sol-gel method's potential for realizing scalable, gain-doped photonic devices.

Kitaev quantum spin liquids (KSLs) in layered honeycomb magnets are known to host Majorana quasiparticles, whose excitations depend strongly on the direction of the applied magnetic field. In the high-field phase of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, specific heat measurements have revealed characteristic field-angle dependence of low-energy excitations consistent with the Kitaev model, providing bulk evidence for the KSL state. Here we present low-temperature measurements of specific heat $C(T)$ for another KSL candidate $\textrm{Na}_2\textrm{Co}_2\textrm{Te}\textrm{O}_6$ (NCTO) under field rotation within the honeycomb plane. Above the critical field of antiferromagnetic order, the field-angle dependence of $C/T$ exhibits minima along the bond directions, contrasting with the maxima observed in the KSL state of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. Our analysis indicates nodeless, fully-gapped excitations, which are inconsistent with the angle-dependent Majorana excitations with gapless nodes predicted by the Kitaev model. These findings suggest that low-energy excitations in NCTO are governed by gapped magnon excitations rather than Majorana quasiparticles, providing thermodynamic evidence against a KSL state., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

The layered honeycomb magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has emerged as a promising candidate for realizing a Kitaev quantum spin liquid. Previous studies have reported oscillation-like anomalies in the longitudinal thermal conductivity and half-integer quantized thermal Hall conductivity above the antiferromagnetic critical field $H_c$, generating significant interest. However, the origins of these phenomena remain contentious due to strong sample dependence. Here we re-examine the magnetothermal transport properties using recently available ultra-pure $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ single crystals to further elucidate potential signatures of the spin liquid state. Our findings reveal that while anomalies in thermal conductivity above $H_c$ persist even in ultraclean crystals, their magnitude is significantly attenuated, contrary to the quantum oscillations hypothesis. This suggests that the anomalies are likely attributable to localized stacking faults inadvertently introduced during magnetothermal transport measurements. The thermal Hall conductivity exhibits a half-quantized plateau, albeit with a narrower width than previously reported. This observation aligns with theoretical predictions emphasizing the importance of interactions between chiral edge currents and phonons. These results indicate that structural imperfections exert a substantial influence on both the oscillation-like anomalies and quantization effects observed in magnetothermal transport measurements of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

This study was aimed at simultaneously achieving sufficient accuracy and high performance for general matrix multiplications. Recent architectures, such as NVIDIA GPUs, feature high-performance units designed for low-precision matrix multiplications in machine learning models, and next-generation architectures are expected to follow the same design principle. The key to achieving superior performance is to fully leverage such architectures. The Ozaki scheme, a highly accurate matrix multiplication algorithm using error-free transformations, enables higher-precision matrix multiplication to be performed through multiple lower-precision matrix multiplications and higher-precision matrix additions. Ootomo et al. implemented the Ozaki scheme on high-performance matrix multiplication units with the aim of achieving both sufficient accuracy and high performance. This paper proposes alternative approaches to improving performance by reducing the numbers of lower-precision matrix multiplications and higher-precision matrix additions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the results and conduct performance benchmarks of the proposed approaches. These approaches are expected to yield more efficient results in next-generation architectures.

Cryogenic quantum computers play a leading role in demonstrating quantum advantage. Given the severe constraints on the cooling capacity in cryogenic environments, thermal design is crucial for the scalability of these computers. The sources of heat dissipation include passive inflow via inter-temperature wires and the power consumption of components located in the cryostat, such as wire amplifiers and quantum-classical interfaces. Thus, a critical challenge is to reduce the number of wires by reducing the required inter-temperature bandwidth while maintaining minimal additional power consumption in the cryostat. One solution to address this challenge is near-data processing using ultra-low-power computational logic within the cryostat. Based on the workload analysis and domain-specific system design focused on Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs), we propose the Cryogenic Counter-based Co-processor for VQAs (C3-VQA) to enhance the design scalability of cryogenic quantum computers under the thermal constraint. The C3-VQA utilizes single-flux-quantum logic, which is an ultra-low-power superconducting digital circuit that operates at the 4 K environment. The C3-VQA precomputes a part of the expectation value calculations for VQAs and buffers intermediate values using simple bit operation units and counters in the cryostat, thereby reducing the required inter-temperature bandwidth with small additional power consumption. Consequently, the C3-VQA reduces the number of wires, leading to a reduction in the total heat dissipation in the cryostat. Our evaluation shows that the C3-VQA reduces the total heat dissipation at the 4 K stage by 30% and 81% under sequential-shot and parallel-shot execution scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, a case study in quantum chemistry shows that the C3-VQA reduces total heat dissipation by 87% with a 10,000-qubit system., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. This is an extention of arXiv:2403.00363 and arXiv:2310.01630

Optical flow estimation is a fundamental and long-standing visual task. In this work, we present a novel method, dubbed HMAFlow, to improve optical flow estimation in challenging scenes, particularly those involving small objects. The proposed model mainly consists of two core components: a Hierarchical Motion Field Alignment (HMA) module and a Correlation Self-Attention (CSA) module. In addition, we rebuild 4D cost volumes by employing a Multi-Scale Correlation Search (MCS) layer and replacing average pooling in common cost volumes with a search strategy utilizing multiple search ranges. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves the best generalization performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, compared with RAFT, our method achieves relative error reductions of 14.2% and 3.4% on the clean pass and final pass of the Sintel online benchmark, respectively. On the KITTI test benchmark, HMAFlow surpasses RAFT and GMA in the Fl-all metric by relative margins of 6.8% and 7.7%, respectively. To facilitate future research, our code will be made available at https://github.com/BooTurbo/HMAFlow., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

We present an analysis of a stellar occultation event caused by a near-Earth asteroid (98943) 2001 CC21, an upcoming flyby target in the Hayabusa2 extended mission, on March 5, 2023. To accurately determine the asteroid's shape from diffraction-affected light curves, we developed a novel data reduction technique named the Diffracted Occultation's United Simulator for Highly Informative Transient Explorations (DOUSHITE). Using DOUSHITE-generated synthetic models, we derived constraints on (98943) 2001 CC21's shadow shape from the single-chord occultation data. Our results suggest a significant elongation of the shadow with an axis ratio of $b/a = 0.37\pm0.09$. This shape can be crucial for planning Hayabusa2's high-speed flyby to optimise the limited imaging opportunities., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, PASJ accepted

We present the results of an extensive evaluation of strip and pixel AC-LGAD sensors tested with a 120 GeV proton beam, focusing on the influence of design parameters on the sensor temporal and spatial resolutions. Results show that reducing the thickness of pixel sensors significantly enhances their time resolution, with 20 $\mu$m-thick sensors achieving around 20 ps. Uniform performance is attainable with optimized sheet resistance, making these sensors ideal for future timing detectors. Conversely, 20 $\mu$m-thick strip sensors exhibit higher jitter than similar pixel sensors, negatively impacting time resolution, despite reduced Landau fluctuations with respect to the 50 $\mu$m-thick versions. Additionally, it is observed that a low resistivity in strip sensors limits signal size and time resolution, whereas higher resistivity improves performance. This study highlights the importance of tuning the n$^{+}$ sheet resistance and suggests that further improvements should target specific applications like the Electron-Ion Collider or other future collider experiments. In addition, the detailed performance of four AC-LGADs sensor designs is reported as examples of possible candidates for specific detector applications. These advancements position AC-LGADs as promising candidates for future 4D tracking systems, pending the development of specialized readout electronics.

We propose a giant graviton expansion for Wilson line operator indices in general representations. The inserted line operators are specified by power sum symmetric polynomials $p_\lambda$ labeled by partitions $\lambda$. We interpret the partitions as the structure of fundamental string worldsheets wrapping around the temporal circle. The strings may or may not end on giant gravitons, and by summing the contributions from all brane configurations consistent with the specified partitions, we obtain the finite $N$ line operator index. The proposed formula is consistent with known results and passes highly non-trivial numerical tests., Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, v2: minor changes, a reference added, accepted for publication in JHEP

We present Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) observations of the [O$_{\rm III}$] 88 $\mu$m emission of a sample of thirteen galaxies at $z$ = 6 to 7.6 selected as [C$_{\rm II}$]-emitting companion sources of quasars. To disentangle the origins of the luminous Oxygen line in the $z$ > 6 Universe, we looked at emission-line galaxies that are selected through an excellent star-formation tracer [C$_{\rm II}$] with star-formation rates between 9 and 162 M$_{\odot}$/yr. Direct observations reveal [O$_{\rm III}$] emission in just a single galaxy (L$_{\rm [O_{\rm III}]}$/L$_{\rm [C_{\rm II}]}$ = 2.3), and a stacked image shows no [O$_{\rm III}$] detection, providing deep upper limits on the L$_{\rm [O_{\rm III}]}$/L$_{\rm [C_{\rm II}]}$ ratios in the $z > 6$ Universe (L$_{\rm [O_{\rm III}]}$/L$_{\rm [C_{\rm II}]}$ < 1.2 at 3${\sigma}$). While the fidelity of this sample is high, no obvious optical/near-infrared counterpart is seen in the JWST imaging available for four galaxies. Additionally accounting for low-redshift CO emitters, line stacking shows that our sample-wide result remains robust: The enhanced L$_{\rm [O_{\rm III}]}$/L$_{\rm [C_{\rm II}]}$ reported in the first billion years of the Universe is likely due to the selection towards bright, blue Lyman-break galaxies with high surface star-formation rates or young stellar populations. The deep upper limit on the rest-frame 90 $\mu$m continuum emission (< 141 $\mu$Jy at 3${\sigma}$), implies a low average dust temperature (T$_{\rm dust}$ < 30K) and high dust mass (M$_{\rm dust}$ ~ 10$^8$ M$_{\odot}$). As more normal galaxies are explored in the early Universe, synergy between JWST and ALMA is fundamental to further investigate the ISM properties of the a broad range of samples of high-$z$ galaxies., Comment: 20 pages; 13 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS

Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor is a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor and is expected to be applied in various fields, such as magnetic recording, industrial sensing, and bio-medical sensing. To improve the detection capability of TMR sensors in low frequency regime it is necessary to suppress the 1/f noise. We theoretically study 1/f noise of a tiny TMR sensor using the macrospin model. Starting from the generalized Langevin equation, 1/f noise power spectrum and the Hooge parameter are derived. The calculated Hooge parameter of a tiny TMR sensor is much smaller than that of a conventional TMR sensor with large junction area. The results provide a new perspective on magnetic 1/f noise and will be useful for improvement of TMR sensors., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

This paper proposes a new task called spatial voice conversion, which aims to convert a target voice while preserving spatial information and non-target signals. Traditional voice conversion methods focus on single-channel waveforms, ignoring the stereo listening experience inherent in human hearing. Our baseline approach addresses this gap by integrating blind source separation (BSS), voice conversion (VC), and spatial mixing to handle multi-channel waveforms. Through experimental evaluations, we organize and identify the key challenges inherent in this task, such as maintaining audio quality and accurately preserving spatial information. Our results highlight the fundamental difficulties in balancing these aspects, providing a benchmark for future research in spatial voice conversion. The proposed method's code is publicly available to encourage further exploration in this domain., Comment: Accepted to Interspeech 2024

Recent studies have shown that visually impaired people have desires to take selfies in the same way as sighted people do to record their photos and share them with others. Although support applications using sound and vibration have been developed to help visually impaired people take selfies using smartphone cameras, it is still difficult to capture everyone in the angle of view, and it is also difficult to confirm that they all have good expressions in the photo. To mitigate these issues, we propose a method to take selfies with multiple people using an omni-directional camera. Specifically, a user takes a few seconds of video with an omni-directional camera, followed by face detection on all frames. The proposed method then eliminates false face detections and complements undetected ones considering the consistency across all frames. After performing facial expression recognition on all the frames, the proposed method finally extracts the frame in which the participants are happiest, and generates a perspective projection image in which all the participants are in the angle of view from the omni-directional frame. In experiments, we use several scenes with different number of people taken to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method., Comment: International Workshop on Frontiers of Computer Vision (IW-FCV2024)

We introduce a bicategory which refines the localization of the category of dg categories with respect to quasi-equivalences and investigate its properties via formal category theory. Concretely, we first introduce the bicategory of dg categories $\mathsf{DBimod}$ whose Hom categories are the derived categories of dg bimodules and then define the desired bicategory as the sub-bicategory $\mathsf{DBimod}^\text{rqr}$ consisting only of right quasi-representable dg bimodules. The first half of the paper is devoted to the study of adjunctions and equivalences in these bicategories. We then show that the embedding $\mathsf{DBimod}^\text{rqr} \hookrightarrow \mathsf{DBimod}$ is a proarrow equipment in the sense of Richard J. Wood, which is a framework for formal category theory and makes it possible to talk about (weighted) (co)limits in an abstract way. Thus we obtain the notion of homotopical (co)limits in a dg category, including homotopical shifts and cones, by which we obtain a formal characterization of pretriangulated dg categories. As an immediate application we give a conceptual proof of the fact that the pretriangulatedness is preserved under the gluing procedure., Comment: 48 pages; The title has slightly changed, Sections 6.4 and 7 are added

The observation of time-reversal symmetry breaking and large residual density of states in tetragonal FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$ suggests a novel type of ultranodal superconducting state with Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces (BFSs). Although such BFSs in centrosymmetric superconductors are expected to be topologically protected, the impurity effect of this exotic superconducting state remains elusive experimentally. Here, we investigate the impact of controlled defects introduced by electron irradiation on the superconducting state of tetragonal FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$ ($0.18\le x\le 0.25$). The temperature dependence of magnetic penetration depth is initially consistent with a model with BFSs in the pristine sample. After irradiation, we observe a nonmonotonic evolution of low-energy excitations with impurity concentrations. This nonmonotonic change indicates a transition from nodal to nodeless, culminating in gapless with Andreev bound states, reminiscent of the nodal $s_\pm$ case. This points to the accidental nature of the possible BFSs in tetragonal FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$, which are susceptible to disruption by the disorder., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

We investigate a simple-sum giant graviton expansion of the superconformal indices of ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal field theories realized on D3-branes probing $7$-brane backgrounds with constant axio-dilation field. The expansion is of self-dual type, and imposes strong constraints on the indices. By using the constraints we determine first few terms in the superconformal indices for arbitrary rank $N$., Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected

Geometry optimization is an important task in quantum chemical calculations to analyze the characteristics of molecules. A top concern on it is a long execution time because time-consuming energy and gradient calculations are repeated across several to tens of steps. In this work, we present a scheme to estimate the execution times of geometry optimization of a target molecule at different accuracy levels (i.e., the combinations of ab initio methods and basis sets). It enables to identify the accuracy levels where geometry optimization will finish in an acceptable time. In addition, we propose a gradient-based method switching (GMS) technique that reduces the execution time by dynamically switching multiple methods during geometry optimization. Our evaluation using 46 molecules in total shows that the geometry optimization times at 20 accuracy levels are estimated with a mean error of 29.5%, and GMS reduces the execution time by up to 42.7% without affecting the accuracy of geometry optimization., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures

Based on the D5-brane realization of Wilson line operators in anti-symmetric representations, we propose brane expansion formulas for $I_{N,k}$, the Schur index of ${\cal N}=4$ $U(N)$ SYM decorated by line operators in the anti-symmetric representation of rank $k$. For the large $N$ index $I_{\infty,k}$ we propose a double-sum expansion, and for finite $N$ index $I_{N,k}$ we propose a quadruple-sum expansion. Objects causing finite $k$ and finite $N$ corrections are disk D3-branes ending on the D5-brane., Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, v2: Appendix B added. Version accepted for publication in JHEP

We discuss giant graviton expansions for the Schur index of ${\cal N}=4$ $U(N)$ SYM with the insertion of Wilson lines of the fundamental and the anti-fundamental representations. We first propose a double-sum giant graviton expansion and numerically confirm that it correctly reproduces the line-operator index. We also find that it reduces to a simple-sum expansion when we treat the index as a Taylor series with respect to a specific fugacity., Comment: 15 pages, v2:reference added and typos corrected

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising candidate that brings practical benefits from quantum computing. However, the required bandwidth in/out of a cryostat is a limiting factor to scale cryogenic quantum computers. We propose a tailored counter-based module with single flux quantum circuits in 4-K stage which precomputes a part of VQE calculation and reduces the amount of inter-temperature communication. The evaluation shows that our system reduces the required bandwidth by 97%, and with this drastic reduction, total power consumption is reduced by 93% in the case where 277 VQE programs are executed in parallel on a 10000-qubit machine., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted by DAC'24 WIP poster session