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The search for new classes of fungicides has long been important in plant protection due to the development of fungal resistance to currently used agrochemicals. Organic peroxides have long been regarded as exotic and unstable compounds. The discovery of the antimalarial activity of the peroxide natural product Artemisinin, an achievement that was recently recognized with the Nobel Prize, has brought organic peroxides into the medicinal and agrochemistry. In this paper, fungicidal activity of synthesized organic peroxides—geminal bishydroperoxide, bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes, and tricyclic monoperoxides—were tested in vitro against an important species of phytopathogenic fungi (F. culmorum, R. solani, A. solani, P. infestans, C. coccodes). We discovered that substituted bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes exhibit fungicidal activity comparable or superior to azoxystrobin and superior to geminal bishydroperoxide and tricyclic monoperoxides. The contact mode of action was demonstrated for the bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane.

Protective forest strips are the basis of the environmental frame on sparsely wooded areas. To create such highly productive objects, the selection of the corresponding gene pool is required. Plus trees the representatives of this gene pool. The aim of the research is to develop criteria for highlighting plus trees for protective forestry, focused on the creation of plantings, the main parameter of which is the working height. 16 trial areas of cherry oak (Quércus róbur L.), black locust (Robinia Pseudoacia L.), green ash (Fraxinus lanceolata B.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), thorney locust (Gleditschia triacanthos L.), walnut (Juglans regia L.) have been laid out. A continuous recalculation of heights in 100–142 individuals have been recalculated on each trial area and their statistical indicators have been determined. The height of the trees had a normal or close to it statistical distribution at the studied objects. Data processing was carried out using the Stadia 8.0/Prof licensed program for Windows. The method of selecting plus trees has been proposed, the height of which should exceed the average one by 25% or more. A comparison of the proposed and well -known method has revealed that the proposed one can increase the breeding differential with instrumental selection by 48,25–53,78%, and with eye-instrumental selection by 31,15–41,39%. Criteria for trees of various selection categories have been developed. Due to different conditions, it is recommended to highlight plus trees separately in the extreme and mid-protective forest strips. With breeding inventory, it is also necessary to take into account the sanitary condition of the trees.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a particularly significant plant for humans in terms of its useful properties and in the Russian Federation it can be attributed to the most valuable introducers for forestry and horticulture. It is grown in many countries of the world and the area of its cultivation is constantly expanding. Breeding species for food purposes requires a selection assessment of the quality of its fruits. For this, at different times, appropriate methods were developed and the existing gene pool of the culture was assessed. By now, new varieties and forms have been bred and brought, which also need to be evaluated for rational use for scientific and practical purposes. The descriptions of varieties and forms of walnut often contain insufficient information about all selected traits, which requires the development of new models to assess the variety fund using incomplete data. The purpose of the research is to develop the missing models of selection evaluation using incomplete data and evaluate the world walnut variety fund in terms of fruit quality, to identify varieties and forms of the highest quality category. The well-known methodology and new models have been used for the evaluation. When developing evaluation models for incomplete data, a database of 50 varieties evaluated for all indicators has been used. Using the method of excluding individual indicators, the corresponding multiple regression models have been calculated on its basis, taking into account a different combination of features. The licensed programs Stadia 8.0, Microsoft Excel have been used in the research. The proposed models provide an estimate with an average error of ± 0.48 – 3.72 points at R2 = 0.63 – 0.99. A promising walnut gene pool from 23 countries has been assessed, 69 representatives with fruits of the breeding category of the highest quality identified, and a list of them compiled. Of the 512 ancestors, 19.73% had the selection category of fruits of the highest quality, 62.88% of high-quality fruits, 16.80% of ordinary fruits, and 0.59% of varieties and forms of low-quality fruits.

The search for fungicides of novel classes is the long-standing priority in crop protection due to the continuous development of fungal resistance against currently used types of active compounds. Recently, 4-nitropyrazolin-3-ones were discovered as highly potent fungicides, of which activity was believed to be strongly associated with the presence of a nitro group in the pyrazolone ring. In this paper, a series of 4-substituted pyrazolin-3-ones were synthesized and their fungicidal activity against an important species of phytopathogenic fungi (Venturia inaequalis, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was tested in vitro. We discovered that 4-mono and 4,4-dihalogenated pyrazolin-3-ones demonstrate fungicidal activity comparable to that of 4-nitropyrazolin-3-ones and other modern fungicides (such as kresoxim methyl). This discovery indicates that NO2 moiety can be replaced by other groups of comparable size and electronic properties without the loss of fungicidal activity and significantly expands the scope of potent new fungicides based on a pyrazolin-3-one fragment.

The predatory mite Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans, 1952) isused as a specialized acariphage on vegetable, flower and berry crops inAsia. In protected ground of European agriculture, N. californicus is one ofthe effective predators of spider mites (Tetranychidae). The periodicity ofattacks on the victim depends on the temperature. The predator prefers tohunt immature individuals of T. urticae, often ignoring adult female spidermites if there is a choice. N. longispinosus does not show preferencebetween eggs and T. urticae nymphs. However, as the density of the spidermite population increases, the predatory mite switches its diet from theeggs to its larvae and nymphs. Adult females of N. californicus exhibit atype 2 functional response to both eggs and T. urticae nymphs. Pyrethroidand avermectin substances are highly toxic to predator populations, despitelow acute toxicity of many other insecticides (Actara, Envidor, etc.).

The predatory mite Transeius herbarius (Wainstein, 1960) isused as a specialized acariphage mainly on berry crops. In the openground, T. herbarius is one of the effective predators of strawberry(Tarsonemidae) and spider mites (Tetranychidae). The predator canpenetrate into the primordial, reproduces better in humid places, migrating2–3 meters per season. On strawberries effectively regulates the strawberrymites population and even uses proportionate female spider mites in thefood chain. The predator is amenable to breeding on loose substrate usingbarn mites of various species. High survival rate is found on industrialuterine plantings of garden strawberries in the open ground, with use ofcomplex of protective measures including insecticides. Due to the naturalsmall population of this predator in the fields, research and saturatingreleases in a normalized amount are required for optimal protection frompests.

The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A.-H. is used as aspecific acariphage on vegetable and flower crops. In protected ground P.persimilis is the most effective predator of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychidae). The scopes of pesticides use in the struggle withtwospotted spider mites – pests of food and flower crops – are limited bythe acaricides quantity. There are resistant pest races from which it ispossible to protect crops only with help of predaceous mites. The specialfeature of the P. persimilis use on protected ground is the rapid rate ofpopulation reproduction of the. The basis for the effective use of P. persimilis is the timely detection of twospotted spider mite foci sites andthe settlement of a certain number of predaceous mites there. On thebackdrop of the pesticides use, it is necessary to do surveys every 4–5days, at a temperature of 25 °C. This mite is widely used to protect gardenstrawberries, especially during tunnel cultivation. Flower crops (roses canbe taken as the example) are also effectively protected by phytoseiulus onshrub-shaped plants. However, flower plants under forcing treatmentrequire more drought-resistant acariphages.

Harsh continental climate of Orenburg region is characterized by extremely low rates of precipitation at vegetation period, so the cultivation of flowers with protected root system has wide usage and is highly developed. The search for the optimal combined artificial soil in terms of physico-chemical composition is of great scientific and practical importance. In the short-term model experiment, variants of artificial soils are under exploration, with differing ratios of basic fillers that cover the physiological needs of flower crops when grown with a closed root system in greenhouse complexes. The results of laboratory study of artificially constructed soils based on essential materials (peat, coconut filler, river sand) and agricultural waste (horse manure, sunflower seed husk, raw fawl dung) are also presented. Combined soils are developed for the purpose of growing gerbera on “Bounty” soil and garden chrysanthemum on “Elysium” soil. These soils take into account the bioecological and agrotechnological features of greenhouse cultivation of these types of flower plants. The studied flower crops respond quite well to the physico-chemical composition of soils, showing stable growth of vegetative and generative organs.

Oligophagus Neoseiulus agrestis (Karg, 1960) can be used as predator on vegetable, flower and berry crops. It is capable of feeding on Tetranychidae and Tarsonemidae. The ability to regulate the number of Thripidae has been established. It lives in colonies of Acaridae mites. The technology of mass breeding allows to accumulate predator population in a loose substrate. The technology of use for this phytoseiid mite should be adapted to each type of plant taking into account the bioecological features. For a greenhouse cucumber, the release should be made at the trellis part of the plant. On flower crops, for example gloxinia, colonization is carried out by sowing the substrate with a predator on all plants in the greenhouse. It is effective on garden strawberries in the struggle against the strawberry mite Steneotarsonemus pallidus. The predator prefers to attack the nymphal stages and eggs of the Tetranychus urticae mite. It is capable of attacking not only the larvae of Thrips nigropilosus, but also its nymphs. In the garden strawberry leaf rosette, it destroys the strawberry mite, at penetration into the inner part of leaf buttons. It is highly sensitive to pesticides from the class of macrocyclic lactones and synthetic pyrethroids. Preparations based on the bacterium Bacillus thurengiensis on N. agrestis do not have a lethal effect.

The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (MCGREGOR, 1954) is used as a specialized acariphage on vegetable, flower and berry crops. In protected ground, N. californicus is one of the effective carnivores of spider mites (Tetranychidae), the intensity of attacks depends on the temperature. The predator prefers to consume immature individuals of T. uirticae, often ignoring adult female mites. Simultaneously, predaceous organism does not express preferences between eggs and T. urticae nymphs. However, as the density of the spider mite population increases, the predatory mite shifts its diet from the eggs of the victim to larvae and nymphs. Adult females N. californicus exhibit a type 2 functional response to both eggs and T. urticae nymphs. Pyrethroid and avermectin drugs are highly toxic to predator populations. At the same time, there is low acute toxicity to many insecticides (Actara, Envidor, etc.) is exibited.

In order to prevent crop yield losses from the most dangerous and economically important pathogenic organisms, it is necessary not only to monitor the virulence gene pool, but also to study the nature of pathogen variability and determine the potential for the emergence of new genes and races. This requires centralized collections of fungal cultures characterized by a set of stable strains to provide for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic, toxicological, parasitological and other studies. The State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the ARSRIP is the State Depository of Phytopathogenic microorganisms that are non-pathogenic to humans or farmed animals. Currently, it has more than 4,500 accessions of plant pathogenic strains of fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas, and the collection is updated annually. For this purpose, the study of the inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of genus Fusarium was carried out in agricultural systems of the Krasnodar Territory. In 2020, the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms was supplemented with 13 strains of Fusarium fungi isolated from tissues of winter wheat plants collected in several locations of the Krasnodar region. The complex of Fusarium fungi revealed on winter wheat usually included Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. lolii, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. sporotrichioides, etc. The effect of the preceding crop on the frequency of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat was observed. After series cloning of collected isolates, 21 strains of different fungal species characterized by stable morphology traits and known pathogenic and phytotoxic properties were selected for collection replenishment. Significant differences in pathogenic activity were revealed between fungi belonging to either the same or different species; the manifestation of this activity varied from the absence of any effect of spore suspensions on seedling development to a complete inhibition of their growth. The phytotoxic activity towards wheat seedlings varied from medium to high. Species possessing a high intensity of phytotoxic activities are the most dangerous for wheat, since they promote accumulation of dangerous phytotoxins in plant tissues.

Relevance. Currently, food products that include prebiotics, in particular, inulin, are particularly popular. Interest in this substance is justified by its valuable properties – it is a good immunomodulator, cleanses the body of toxins, radionuclides, "bad" cholesterol, promotes the assimilation of useful trace elements necessary for human life. Inulin is contained in plants such as jerusalem artichoke, chicory, as well as in sweet potatoes, the popularity of which is increasing every year. However, sweet potato plants are afraid of cold and frost-resistant. Therefore, the creation of new varieties and hybrids that are resistant to low temperatures is an urgent problem. Cellular biotechnology is aimed at solving this problem using methods of clonal microreproduction, cell selection, somatic hybridization, etc. For rapid reproduction and obtaining high-quality planting material, biotechnology methods are used, in particular, clonal micro-propagation. However, in this technology there are difficulties associated with poor adaptation of microclones to ex vitro conditions. This fact introduces an additional requirement for the selection of optimal rooting modes in vitro and ex vitro adaptation of microclones.Material and methodology. The aim of the work was to study the influence of cultivation conditions on in vitro rooting and ex vitro adaptation of I. batatas (L.) microclones. The object of the study was sweet potato microgears propagated in vitro. I. batatas micro-gears were cultured in vitro on a Murashige-Skug medium, differing by the type of auxins. The influence of red (R) and far red (FR) light on the shoots rooting in vitro and the adaptation of microclones ex vitro was studied.Results. It has been experimentally established that the cultivation of micro-gears on a medium containing indolyl butyric acid at a concentration of 0.5-1 mg/l and under conditions of illumination by LED lamps of red and far red light in equal amounts leads to the production of microclones with a well-developed root system and vegetative biomass. The use of an aeroponic installation at the last stage of clonal micro-propagation makes it possible to obtain high-quality planting material that can adapt well to open ground conditions.

This study compares and discusses two farming systems that differ in content - organic and conventional (intensive) systems. In this regard, a modern definition of soil content is proposed, with the "soil ecosystem" concept used as the modern alternative to the traditional representation of what the soil is. Some features of the functioning of soil ecosystems in the two different farming systems, conventional and organic, are examined. The inner essence and the external performance of these two alternative land-use systems are revealed. The importance of the development of organic agriculture is emphasized by the documents of international organizations (IFOAM). The tasks that need to be addressed during the transition to a knowledge-intensive system of production of environmentally friendly agricultural products under organic farming conditions are briefly listed. The focus is on those aspects that are important in the transition from intensive to organic farming. The need to introduce a new characteristic of soil ecosystems - soil health - is discussed. A modern definition of "soil health" is given. The positive impact of organic farming and its technologies on soil health is discussed. The list of actions for the continuous maintenance and reproduction of soil health is presented. Much attention is paid to soil health maintenance, remediation and rehabilitation. The problems of protecting plants and crops from harmful organisms in organic farming are discussed. The phenomenon "oligotrophication of agro ecosystems" as an unconventional way of healing and maintaining the health of soil ecosystems is considered and discussed. The thesis about the necessity to consider soil quality and fertility as components of the new characteristic - "soil health" - is proposed.

The detection and identification of plant diseases is a fundamental task for sustainable crop production. Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (STB and SNB) are two of the most common diseases of cereal crops that cause significant economic damage. Both pathogens are difficult to identify at early stages of infection. Determining the degree of the disease at a late infection stage is useful for assessing cereal crops before harvesting, as it allows the assessment of potential yield losses. Hyperspectral sensing could allow for automatic recognition of Septoria harmfulness on wheat in field conditions. In this research, we aimed to collect information on the hyperspectral data on wheat plants with different lesion degrees of STB&SNB and to create and train a neural network for the detection of lesions on leaves and ears caused by STB&SNB infection at the late stage of disease development. Spring wheat was artificially infected twice with Septoria pathogens in the stem elongation stage and in the heading stage. Hyperspectral reflections and brightness measurements were collected in the field on wheat leaves and ears on the 37th day after STB and the 30th day after SNB pathogen inoculation using an Ocean Insight “Flame” VIS-NIR hyperspectrometer. Obtained non-imaging data were pre-treated, and the perceptron model neural network (PNN) was created and trained based on a pairwise comparison of datasets for healthy and diseased plants. Both statistical and neural network approaches showed the high quality of the differentiation between healthy and damaged wheat plants by the hyperspectral signature. A comparison of the results of visual recognition and automatic STB&SNB estimation showed that the neural network was equally effective in the quality of the disease definition. The PNN, based on a neuron model of hyperspectral signature with a spectral step of 6 nm and 2000–4000 value datasets, showed a high quality of detection of the STB&SNB severity. There were 0.99 accuracy, 0.94 precision, 0.89 recall and 0.91 F-score metrics of the PNN model after 10,000 learning epochs. The estimation accuracy of diseased/healthy leaves ranged from 88.1 to 97.7% for different datasets. The accuracy of detection of a light and medium degree of disease was lower (38–66%). This method of non-imaging hyperspectral signature classification could be useful for the identification of the STB and SNB lesion degree identification in field conditions for pre-harvesting crop estimation.

Although nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for agricultural production, its overuse is associated with environmental pollution, increased concentration of greenhouse gases, and several human and animal health implications. These implications are greatly affected by biochemical transformations and losses of N such as volatilization, leaching, runoff, and denitrification. Half of the globally produced N fertilizers are used to grow three major cereals—rice, wheat, and maize—and their current level of N recovery is approximately 30–50%. The continuously increasing application of N fertilizers, despite lower recovery of cereals, can further intensify the environmental and health implications of leftover N. To address these implications, the improvement in N use efficiency (NUE) by adopting efficient agronomic practices and modern breeding and biotechnological tools for developing N efficient cultivars requires immediate attention. Conventional and marker-assisted selection methods can be used to map quantitative trait loci, and their introgression in elite germplasm leads to the creation of cultivars with better NUE. Moreover, gene-editing technology gives the opportunity to develop high-yielding cultivars with improved N utilization capacity. The most reliable and cheap methods include agronomic practices such as site-specific N management, enhanced use efficiency fertilizers, resource conservation practices, precision farming, and nano-fertilizers that can help farmers to reduce the environmental losses of N from the soil–plant system, thus improving NUE. Our review illuminates insights into recent advances in local and scientific soil and crop management technologies, along with conventional and modern breeding technologies on how to increase NUE that can help reduce linked N pollution and health implications.

On a typical Russian tomato hybrid, Solanum lycopersicum 'Vernost' F1, studies of stress factors were carried out, tracking physiological reactions to stress. Influence of Rhizopus nigricans culture was revealed on the transpiration of the studied tomato hybrid at different stress tiers, which consisted in increasing the transpiration parameters. The level of transpiration in the studied tomato plants on stress tiers is different and varied in diapason: from 1.5 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1± 1*10-5 mol m-2 s-1 (in standard) to 3.9 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 2*10-5 mol m-2 s-1(Load). Such studies are necessary for a fundamental understanding of the possibility of biological implementation of plant hybrids.

In this study tomato plants are affected by infecting stress factor and subjected to photonic pumping. The pathogen can cause symptoms of diseases that are dangerous for plants and are exibited on the level of organs of plant by changes in metabolism rates. The objective of this study is to trace the modification of transpiration parameters patterns of green tomato leaves under the influence of the stress factor, to provide means to assess damage and to further restore optimal parameters of plant growth and development.

The search and creation of agrochemicals of a new generation, similar to bioprotectors, for agriculture is an urgent task of today scientific findings. The applied high-tech agrochemicals, in addition to their protective properties, have positive effect on the growth and development of cereals. The initial stages of growth and development (stress phases) are passing better with the introduction of effective fertilizers, agrochemicals and growth regulators. However, the use of their concentrated solutions is ineffective due to losses or transitions to an inaccessible state. Prolonged gradual release of Fe (II) will provide the concentration required for plants in the soil.

A study was carried out of the physiological parameters of the tomato variety “Barberry F1”, under the influence of an external factor, at night in the conditions of the Moscow region. Parameters such as transpiration were observed. According to the results of the experiment, there are significant differences between the two variants of the experiment (control and experiment). Under the influence of the limiting factor, there is a general increase in the efficiency of transpiration; in addition to the general increase, changes occur in the studied parameters under the conditions of dividing the plant into tiers. Thus, in the control plant, the middle leaves show significant differences from the upper and lower tier, whereas in the experiment this difference is significant only in some cases.

The effect on transpiration in tomato on different tiers (Crisis tiers) was studied, which consisted of increasing transpiration parameters in option 1 (Standard) and option 2 (Load). The influence of regulated photosynthetic flow on the studied tomato under different conditions was studied. Changes in transpiration parameters (from 1.4*10-5 mol m-2 s-1 to 1.3*10-3 mol m-2 s-1) are reflected in the graphs. The portable LI-COR LI- 6800 system successfully measured several parameters in the same area of the leaf: photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration (mol m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (mol m-2 s -1). The average level of transpiration in the studied tomato on crisis tiers is different and is, in option 1 (Standard): 1.6 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1± 1*10-5 mol m-2 s-1, in option 2 (Load): 3.1 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 2*10-5 mol m-2 s-1. The average level of transpiration of the studied tomato on the control layer, in option 1 (standard) is 2.2 * 10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 3 * 10-6 mol m-2 s-1, in option 2 (Load) is 3.6 *10-4 mol m-2 s-1 ± 4 *10-6 mol m-2 s-1.

The paper present the historical scope of the triterpene acids usage in agriculture and industry. On the territory of the Russian Federation, according to data for 2023, 4 agrochemicals based on triterpene acids are registered: “Biosil”, “Alfastim”, “Verva”, “Novosil”. Experimental studies carried out in laboratory conditions using original techniques and GLP- practices allow to determine effective concentrations systematically improving the state of organs and tissues of cereals at different stages of ontogenesis. Both triterpene-containing and chelated forms of trace elements shown to affect the effective development of roots and stems. Work in this direction is laborious, however, it expands the variability of knowledge on crop quality and volume management and requires expanding of the research.

trichothecenes and their derivatives have recently attracted much attention of researchers with respect of their potential role in medicine, including for the treatment of different types of cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Fusarium trichothecene on human breast cancer cells, human skin fibroblasts and embryonic kidney cells in vitro. Material and methods. Based on the Mtt assay, the cytotoxic effect of trichothecene on cell cultures was determined. Evaluation of morphological changes in cell cultures under the influence of trichothecene was performed by light microscopy. Results. Fusarium trichothecene was found to exhibit a dose-dependent toxic effect on cell lines in the range 1 nM to 1000 nM. the most pronounced cytotoxic effect of trichothecene was observed in human breast cancer cell line (IС50 94.72 ± 4.1 нМ). Lower doses of trichothecene led to a change in the size, shape of human breast cancer cells, human skin fibroblasts and embryonic kidney cells, and loss of contact between them and their isolation. the degradation of cell membranes, formation of unformed cell aggregates and fragments were observed in higher doses of trichothecene. Conclusion. Fusarium trichothecen is a biologically active compound and is less toxic to the normal than to the cancer cell lines, therefore, further studies of this agent are needed.

The science and political initiatives focus is not only concerning agricultural intensification for food security and human development. The prevention of land degradation and loss is important, and a new land-use technological platform is needed for human well-being and the ecosystem service coupling. An adverse change in the soil quality of the steppe terrain under the standard agriculture is revealed, and the dynamics of the ecosystem service is assessed. The results indicated that the standard land-use practice deteriorates stability of the soil cover, failing to ensure the soil productivity and the ecosystem services in a dry terrain. For land degradation prevention and soil-environmental services refinement, a new transcendental Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) technological platform was developed. The BGT* is capable of providing long-term, sustainable land-use management. The BGT* methodology includes intra-soil milling, intra-soil pulse continually discrete watering, and intra-soil waste recycling. The BGT* is a basis for future political initiatives in land-use management to prevent land degradation and loss, to increase soil productivity, and to provide soil-environmental services.

The search for environmentally neutral construction materials is an important aim of science from the middle of the XX century. We elaborated the method of the smelting of the new alloy Ti-20Nb-10Ta-5Zr. The Ti-20Nb-10Ta-5Zr was a β-phase alloy with an ~550 MPa yield strength, an ~700 MPa of ultimate strength and >50 GPa Young’s modulus. The Ti-20Nb-10Ta-5Zr alloy did not generate reactive oxygen species in contradistinction to the widely used NiTi. The biocompatibility of Ti-20Nb-10Ta-5Zr was studied. The human cell line cultured on the alloy showed a high mitotic index (2.2%) and a low cytotoxicity (

It has been shown that the cultivation of plants under glass coated with nano-sized upconversion luminophores led to an increase in plant productivity and the acceleration of plant adaptation to ultraviolet radiation. In the present work, we examined the effect of upconversion nanopowders with the nominal composition Sr0.955Yb0.020Er0.025F2.045 on plant (Solanum lycopersicum) photochemistry. The composition, structure and size of nanoparticles were tested using X-ray pattern diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Nanoparticles are capable of converting infrared radiation into red and green photons. Glasses coated with upconversion luminophores increase the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation and absorb the ultraviolet and far-red radiation. The chlorophyll a fluorescence method showed that plants growing under photoconversion and those growing under common film demonstrate different ability to utilize excitation energy via photosynthesis. It was shown that under ultraviolet and high light conditions, the efficiency of the photochemical reactions, the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and the electron transport remained relatively stable in plants growing under photoconversion film in contrast to plants growing under common film. Thus, cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum under photoconversion glasses led to the acceleration in plant growth due to greater efficiency of plant photochemistry under stress conditions.

Vermicompost (VC) is a nutrient-rich material that is mixed with soil, and it is used in this study. Four different environments were created such as control (Soil:VC:100–0%), mix one (Soil:VC:70–30% w/w), mix two (Soil:VC:50–50% w/w), and mix three (Soil:VC:40:60% w/w), and three well-developed roses (Vinca rosea valiant, Pelargonium peltatum, Pegasus patio) seedlings were transferred to individual pots. Plant growth parameters, i.e., the number of flowers, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll reading value, fresh flower weight, and flower dry weight height, were compared with respect to control seedlings. The improvement in the number of flowers, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll reading value, fresh flower weight, and flower dry weight height by 264, 71, 58, 255, and 193% for Vinca rosea valiant rosea, 138, 12, 160, 13, 55 and 112% for P. patio rose, and 50, 14, 23, 8, 61, and 41% for P. peltatum, respectively, grown in soil mixed with VC as compared to control. As a result of the research, the optimum growth parameter values and chlorophyll Meter SPAD values were obtained from the mix-three mediums for all three roses species. These results showed that 40% soil and 60% VC application could be proposed as the most effective medium in ornamental plant production.

The distilled water was exposed to a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generated by the piezotransformer. The treatment was carried out on a six-well plate. Exposure time was from 30 s to 10 min. The emission spectra were obtained. Physical and chemical changes of activated water were observed for 8 days. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) were investigated. RONS production dependence on the exposure time and RONS lifetime in the treated liquid was determined using absorbance spectra. Quantitative assessment was made of the nitrite and nitrate concentration change over time after treatment. The medium conductivity and redox potential varied linearly depending on exposure time. The pH value change correlates with nitrate anion concentration. The concentration of peroxide hydrogen increased depending on CAP water treatment duration. The RONS concentration after liquid media processing with piezoelectric direct discharge CAP is a novel result. Biogeosystem Technique provides CAP activated water agriculture synergetic effect.