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Background There have been significant changes in the lifestyles of individuals in the past few decades, which has led to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both smoking and chewing forms of tobacco are highly prevalent, especially in India, and are implicated as causes of diseases, including oropharyngeal carcinomas. Effective tobacco cessation techniques and sources can help overcome addiction and reduce the disease burden in society. The aim was to evaluate the quality and readability of contents of various sources on an internet website about tobacco cessation. Objectives i) To evaluate the readability of internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests and the quality of internet content (Google) by using the JAMA benchmark, HONcode and DISCERN questionnaire. Methods A content review was employed to screen the content of the Google search engine for educational tobacco cessation websites, and the top 50 websites were selected according to criteria and reviewed by two reviewers. The readability of the internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation was evaluated using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests. The quality of the screened sites was evaluated by using the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) benchmark, HONcode (The Health on the Net Code of Conduct) and DISCERN (Discerning the Quality of Information for Choosing Treatments) questionnaire, and the readability and quality of the screened websites were correlated using the above instruments. Results FK readability ease was found to be 49% standard and 30% easy. The FK grade test found that 33% of the content could be easily understood by < 5 th grade. All 4 JAMA benchmarks were met by 23% of websites, and authorship was the least fulfilled criterion. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between FK ease score and FK grade score. Conclusions The Read-ability Ease and Read-ability Grade Levels of the websites related to tobacco cessation were not standard, and few websites fulfilled the JAMA benchmarks and had HONcode certification.

Background There have been significant changes in the lifestyles of individuals in the past few decades, which has led to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both smoking and chewing forms of tobacco are highly prevalent, especially in India, and are implicated as causes of diseases, including oropharyngeal carcinomas. Effective tobacco cessation techniques and sources can help overcome addiction and reduce the disease burden in society. The aim was to evaluate the quality and readability of contents of various sources on an internet website about tobacco cessation. Objectives i) To evaluate the readability of internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests and the quality of internet content (Google) by using the JAMA benchmark, HONcode and DISCERN questionnaire. Methods A content review was employed to screen the content of the Google search engine for educational tobacco cessation websites, and the top 50 websites were selected according to criteria and reviewed by two reviewers. The readability of the internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation was evaluated using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests. The quality of the screened sites was evaluated by using the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) benchmark, HONcode (The Health on the Net Code of Conduct) and DISCERN (Discerning the Quality of Information for Choosing Treatments) questionnaire, and the readability and quality of the screened websites were correlated using the above instruments. Results FK readability ease was found to be 49% standard and 30% easy. The FK grade test found that 33% of the content could be easily understood by < 5th grade. All 4 JAMA benchmarks were met by 23% of websites, and authorship was the least fulfilled criterion. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between FK ease score and FK grade score. Conclusions The Read-ability Ease and Read-ability Grade Levels of the websites related to tobacco cessation were not standard, and few websites fulfilled the JAMA benchmarks and had HONcode certification.

The cloud computing sector, including mobile networks has increased in the present time. Because of advanced features and security related information in cloud. So many methods are available for handling these problems. Cloud security, large number of methods existing for provide security. Among that, so many widespread techniques cast-off to protected data in cloud based on Individuality based encryption. This method specialty is allowing only authorized end users for access legal data and avoid smalevolent attack. Individuality -based encryption method follows up the four stages like Name, Key generation, encryption and decryption. Among these Key generation is most important for generating secure key. It provides unbreakable and non-derivable secure keys to provide strong security. This paper provides a novel approach for providing advanced security called identity-based encryption. This approach uses segment of a bitidentity thread in demandto evade seepage of user’s data identity, if any attacker decodes the key also. Statistical reports show that the proposed algorithm takes less time in the process of decryption and encryption compared to other traditional approaches. One more feature of our novel method is skinning the user’s uniqueness by using parametric curve fitting. It contains a polynomial interpolation function.

Background There have been significant changes in the lifestyles of individuals in the past few decades, which has led to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both smoking and chewing forms of tobacco are highly prevalent, especially in India, and are implicated as causes of diseases, including oropharyngeal carcinomas. Effective tobacco cessation techniques and sources can help overcome addiction and reduce the disease burden in society. The aim was to evaluate the quality and readability of contents of various sources on an internet website about tobacco cessation. Objectives i) To evaluate the readability of internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests and the quality of internet content (Google) by using the JAMA benchmark, HONcode and DISCERN questionnaire. Methods A content review was employed to screen the content of the Google search engine for educational tobacco cessation websites, and the top 50 websites were selected according to criteria and reviewed by two reviewers. The readability of the internet content (Google) regarding tobacco cessation was evaluated using Flesch–Kincaid readability tests. The quality of the screened sites was evaluated by using the JAMA benchmark, HONcode and DISCERN questionnaire, and the readability and quality of the screened websites were correlated using the above instruments. Results FK readability ease was found to be 49% standard and 30% easy. The FK grade test found that 33% of the content could be easily understood by < 5 th grade. All 4 JAMA benchmarks were met by 23% of websites, and authorship was the least fulfilled criterion. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between FK ease score and FK grade score. Conclusions The Read-ability Ease and Read-ability Grade Levels of the websites related to tobacco cessation were not standard, and few websites fulfilled the JAMA benchmarks and had HONcode certification.

This paper proposes a novel design for a master-slave flip-flop that utilizes a hybrid topology and a single-phase clock, consisting of 18 transistors.Proposed Flip-Flop Circuit (PFC) is comprised of two sections,namely the master section and slave section.The main element of this design is the master section, which incorporates a level restoring circuit to retain data.The slave section employs the stacking technique to minimize leakage current. PFC primarily focuses on performance issues including delay,area and average power consumption.PFC is designed using a 45nm CMOS technology node.PFC enhances average power consumption by 26.02%, 35.84%, 32.24%, 37.50%,40.32% and 50.68% in compared to the Adaptive Data Track Flip-Flop (ADTFF), Hybrid Flip-Flop (HFF), 18-Transistor Single-Phase Clocked (18TSPC), Logic Structured Reduction Flip-Flop (LSRFF),Topologically Compressed Flip-Flop (TCFF) and Change Sensing Flip-Flop (CSFF). PFC significantly improves speed by reducing the minimum delay by 26.78%, 23.32%, 30.08%, 26.54%,29.36% and 38.79% as compared to the ADTFF, HFF, 18TSPC, LSRFF,TCFF and CSFF respectively.Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyze the Average Power Consumption and C to Q delay parameters for 1000 samples.Lowering the PMOS transistor count minimizes the overall area design.PFC operates at clock frequency range of up to 1 GHz.

In this study, the Chaotic Sinusoidal Map (CSM)-enhanced Zebra Optimization Algorithm (CZOA) is introduced. CZOA combines CSM's integration strengths with ZOA's optimization skills. ZOA already exhibits great optimization capabilities, but the addition of CSM increases its potential even more. This addition greatly strengthens ZOA's exploration and exploitation skills and increases its flexibility for various optimization tasks. CZOA outperforms both the original ZOA and contemporary optimisation methods on 23 benchmark functions, including high-dimensional (FD), multimodal (MM), and unimodal (UM) challenges. Using the chaos of CSM to investigate regional optimal and determine better convergence and exploration-exploitation equilibrium are shown by CZOA, which also shows more profitable solution locations. CZOA demonstrates its resilience and versatility through multiple benchmark activities, underscoring its potential as an adaptable optimisation tool. CZOA becomes a potent metaheuristic by combining biological inspiration and chaotic dynamics to solve difficult optimisation problems. Inspired by the natural behaviour of zebras, the Zebra Optimisation Algorithm (ZOA) is a relatively new optimisation technique. It makes use of a herd behaviour mechanism and the ideas of leadership and following, in which members of the population—zebras in this case—cooperate to solve optimisation issues in the best possible ways

In this research, a novel spinel architecture of pure CdAl2O4 and Zn (0.025–0.075 M) doped CdAl2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized. The PL and ESR outcomes shows that the Zn doping played an effective role to prevent the e−-h+ pairs recombination in CdAl2O4 during photocatalysis. Zn (0.075 M)-CdAl2O4 provided the maximum photodegradation efficiencies for BB and BG with a removal efficiency of 91 and 96% in just 90 min as compared to other samples and remain stable after the fifth cycle. Such outcomes pave the approach for sustainable photocatalytic technologies to diminish the global influence of organic and inorganic dyes.

Background: Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) is histiocytosis associated with lymphadenopathy. Spinal involvement is uncommon and seen in 1%. Most of the spinal lesions are extradural and intradural extramedullary. Intramedullary RDD is extremely rare. Case report: We report a rare case of quadriparesis in 24 year old male due to intramedullary RDD of cervicothoracic region and review the literature. Conclusion: The rare cases of intramedullary RDD should be included in the differential diagnosis of young patient presenting with quadriparesis or paraparesis.

In the present work, an attempt was made to improve the mechanical properties of the coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites through addition of high strength sisal and palmyra palm fibers. The hybrid composites were fabricated using compression molding technique by maintaining the volume fraction of fiber to matrix as 40:60. In the hybrid composites, the volume fraction of coir was maintained as 20%, while the volume fraction of other fibers was varied from 5% to 15%. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were investigated as a function of fiber volume fraction of sisal and palmyra palm fibers. The outcomes revealed that the hybrid composite have higher mechanical properties than the coir fiber composites due to synergistic effect of reinforcements. Furthermore, the morphological studies were carried out on the mechanical tested samples to predict the failure mechanisms.

This study focuses on enhancing the free vibration characteristics of epoxy polymers by reinforcing it with Phoenix sp. fibers and nano-clay for the first time. The composites were prepared by varying the fiber length, fiber volume fraction, concentration of NaOH treatment, and weight percentage of nano-clay and subjected to modal analysis. The optimum fiber length and fiber volume fraction for better vibration characteristics is found to be 30 mm and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that the chemical treatment and nano-clay addition show the largest effect on vibration behavior of the composites. Based on the experimental data, it is concluded that the natural frequency of epoxy polymer could be enhanced up to 242% by using aforesaid reinforcements.

Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is endemic in southern districts of Kerala state in India, and sporadic cases are reported from other parts of Kerala. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the initial imaging tool and is diagnostic for this condition. The inherent limitation of TTE is its limited sensitivity in the detection of intracardiac thrombus. Transthoracic echocardiography, contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are the imaging modalities for the detection of intracardiac thrombus. This report describes a 46-year-old male with right ventricular EMF (RVEMF) who presented with right heart failure. The TTE diagnosed RVEMF but failed to demonstrate the right atrial thrombus which was clearly seen on CMR. The merits of different imaging modalities for the detection of intracardiac thrombus are discussed.

Context: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI sequences has recently emerged as a prominent tool in dementia research. Aims: To establish association between quantified regional cerebral perfusion and gray matter (GM) volumes with cognitive measures in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's Dementia (AD), using three dimensional fast spin echo pseudo-continuous ASL MRI sequences. Settings and Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Methods and Material: Three age-matched groups, i.e., 21 cognitively normal healthy controls (HC), 20 MCI and 19 early AD patients diagnosed using neuropsychological tests and who consented for multimodality 3T MRI were recruited for the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical parametric mapping and regions of interest (ROI) multivariate analysis of variance was used to ascertain differences between patients and controls on MRI-volumetry and ASL. Linear regression was used to assess relationship between CBF with GM atrophy and neuropsychological test measures. Results: Compared to HC, patients with MCI and AD had significantly lower quantified perfusion in posterior cingulate and lingual gyri, over hippocampus in MCI, with no differences noted between MCI and AD. Atrophy over the middle temporal gyrus and hippocampus differentiated AD from MCI. No significant positive correlations were noted between perfusion and GM volumes in ROI with the exception of temporal neocortex. Significantly positive coefficient b-value (p < 0.01) were apparent between global cognition with CBF in precuneus, temporal neocortex and precuneus volume, with negative b-values noted between medial temporal CBF for global cognition and recall scores. Conclusions: ROI-based CBF measurements differentiated MCI and AD from HC; volumetry of medial and neocortical temporal GM separates AD from MCI. Correlations between CBF and neuropsychology are variable and require further longitudinal studies to gauge its predictive utility on cognitive trajectory in MCI.

The investigation standardized the protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L), cultivar ‘Arka Neelkanth’ . Initially the regeneration system was standardized with regeneration medium (MS basal medium supplemented with 8.88 µM BAP + 1.14 µM IAA) by using 10-12 days old cotyledon explants. Transformation of the hevein, a gene responsible for fungal resistance. into cotyledon explants was carried out with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary plasmid pGPTV/hevein (Plasmid Gus Plant Transformation Vector) with marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase (npt-II). Transformation efficiency showed a higher percentage in one day pre-cultured explants, infected with bacterial suspension of optical density 0.4 at OD600 nm with 1:1 dilution for 10min and 48hrs co-cultivation on regeneration medium in the dark. Transformed explants were cultured on selection medium. The PCR molecular confirmation of amplified npt-II gene from the genomic DNA of the transformed plant indicates the integration of the hevein gene in the brinjal plant.

In conventional modern vehicles, the Internet of Things-based automotive embedded systems are used to collect various data from real-time sensors and store it in the cloud platform to perform visualization and analytics. The proposed work is to implement computer vision-aided vehicle intercommunication V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) implemented using the Internet of Things for an autonomous vehicle. Computer vision-based driver assistance supports the vehicle to perform efficiently in critical transitions such as lane change or collision avoidance during the autonomous driving mode. In addition to this, the main work emphasizes observing multiple parameters of the In-Vehicle system such as speed, distance covered, idle time, and fuel economy by the electronic control unit are evaluated in this process. Electronic control unit through brake control module, powertrain control module, transmission control module, suspension control module, and battery management system helps to predict the nature of drive-in different terrains and also can suggest effective custom driving modes for advanced driver assistance systems. These features are implemented with the help of the vehicle-to-infrastructure protocol, which collects data through gateway nodes that can be visualized in the IoT data frame. The proposed work involves the process of analyzing and visualizing the driver-influencing factors of a modern vehicle that is in connection with the IoT cloud platform. The custom drive mode suggestion and improvisation had been completed with help of computational analytics that leads to the deployment of an over-the-air update to the vehicle embedded system upgradation for betterment in drivability. These operations are progressed through a cloud server which is the prime factor proposed in this work.

An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in patients suffering from COVID-19, especially if they are elderly, have associated comorbid conditions, and pregnant. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, health-care professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. At the same time, a focused echo examination aimed at correct imaging view acquisition in the shortest possible time is the need of the hour. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on the presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-a-vis positive or suspected for COVID-19. The safety measures and image acquisition have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.

Background: The disadvantaged communities are often susceptible to poor oral health due to low incomes, lack of awareness, and low health-care utilization. Untreated dental diseases can lead to loss of teeth which may result in unmet prosthodontic needs. The present study assessed tooth loss, prosthetic status, and treatment needs of a fishing community in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: Oral examination of 400 individuals from a fishing community was done through a house-to-house cross-sectional survey using the World Health Organization oral health assessment form 1997. Data on demography, personal habits, and dental utilization were collected using a questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of tooth loss was 43%, and the mean number of missing teeth was 2.32 ± 5.21. More tooth loss was observed in older age groups and smokers. About 97% of the participants did not use any prosthesis, whereas it was needed in 23% in the maxillary arch and 33% in the mandibular arch. Prosthetic need was higher in older age groups. Majority of the participants had never visited a dentist before. Conclusions: Tooth loss was associated with age and smoking in this population. Utilization of oral health services was low, and prosthetic need was high. Targeted health promotion is recommended to prevent tooth loss and improve prosthetic status.

This research investigates the impact of unique spherical ball shoulder enhancement tool pin configurations on the friction stir welding (FSW) of AA2219 aluminum alloy under various parameters. FSW was performed using three different pin shapes: square, hexagonal, and octagonal. Testing samples were prepared using an L9 orthogonal array layout with varying welding parameters. The material behavior in the three distinct weld zones was evaluated for each pin configuration. Results indicated superior microhardness values in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) compared to the weld nugget zone. Elemental composition analysis of the TMAZ revealed significant differences, highlighting the influence of thermal stress and material behavior due to the tool pin and shoulder configuration. The square-headed tool demonstrated improved tensile strength and microhardness. Optimal welding performance was achieved with a spindle speed of 1000 RPM, a travel speed of 25 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 3°. Variations in Cu content in the TMAZ and HAZ underscored localized modifications within the material structure, driven by the spherical ball spinning effects on the shoulder. Tensile tests showed that welds made with the square pin consistently exhibited higher tensile strength compared to those made with hexagonal and octagonal pins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]