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El neuromarketing es una disciplina novedosa, perteneciente al ámbito de las neurociencias, que tiene como objeto el estudio de los procesos de compra, venta y la toma de decisiones de los consumidores. Implica una serie de prácticas que tiene repercusiones sobre los consumidores que, desde una visión utilitarista y de la racionalidad instrumental occidental, son definidos como instrumentos de consumo. No obstante, existen basamentos teóricos de corte antropológico y epistemológico que sirven para precisar los intereses de consumo del ser humano, lo que implica abrirse hacia la exploración de la complejidad de los individuos, de sus aspectos psicológicos, biológicos y afectivos, sin perder de vista categorías filosóficas presentes a la hora de examinar estos problemas, como la elección racional, la libertad, la sociedad de consumo, la explotación laboral, entre otros. En virtud de lo anterior, el artículo centra como objetivo principal, analizar los sustentos antropológicos y gnoseológicos del neuromarketing, a la vez que fija una posición crítica sobre la racionalidad consumista impulsada por la globalización y la explotación de la condición humana derivada de esta.

Considering the complexity and difficulty of identifying forest species, wooden disks were collected to verify the potential of colorimetry to distinguish native species from Araucaria Forest stands of the Lauraceae family. The following species were used: Nectandra megapotamica, Ocotea indecora, Ocotea diospyrifolia and Ocotea puberula. Nees, to provide data on these species that grow naturally in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, enriching a robust database that can be practically applied in the commercialization of native woods. Visible spectra and colorimetric parameters were obtained from each anatomical surface and the results were evaluated by comparing the mean of each species regarding radial trunk position and anatomical surface. The data were also submitted to principal component analysis and performance of discriminant models (k-NN, SVM and ANN) for species discrimination with raw and second-derivative data. In general, colorimetric data presented different behavior, and chromatic coordinates a* and b* had higher potential for distinguishing the species. According to the mean spectra, Ocotea indecora had reflectance values different from the other species. By principal component analysis, raw data indicated the separation only of Ocotea indecora, while second-derivative data allowed better distinction of species. In all discrimination models, second-derivative data produced the best results. Thus, the use of colorimetry has potential for wood distinction of the Lauraceae species evaluated, improving the oversight of illegally traded timber.

INTRODUCTION Sexual minority individuals represent 2−5% of the United States, yet account for more than two‐thirds of new HIV acquisitions [1−4]. Meanwhile, gender minority individuals (transgender [trans] men and trans [...], : Introduction: Community‐based cohort studies of HIV seroconversion can identify important avenues for enhancing HIV prevention efforts in the era of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Within individuals, one can assess exposure and outcome variables repeatedly and with increased certainty regarding temporal ordering. This cohort study examined the association of several risk factors with subsequent HIV seroconversion. Methods: We report data from a 4‐year study (2017−2022) of 6059 HIV seronegative sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men who had indications for‐, but were not using‐, PrEP at enrolment. Participants completed repeat exposure assessments and self‐collection of biospecimens for HIV testing. We examined the roles of race and ethnicity, socio‐economic status, methamphetamine use and PrEP uptake over the course of follow‐up in relation to HIV seroconversion. Results: Over 4 years, 303 of the participants seroconverted across 18,421 person‐years (incidence rate = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.59−1.70] per 100 person‐years). In multivariable discrete‐time survival analysis, factors independently associated with elevated HIV seroconversion risk included being Black/African American (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 2.44, 1.79−3.28), Hispanic/Latinx (1.53, 1.19−1.96), housing instability (1.58, 1.22−2.05) and past year methamphetamine use (3.82, 2.74−5.33). Conversely, time since study enrolment (24 vs. 12 months, 0.67, 0.51−0.87; 36 months, 0.60, 0.45−0.80; 48 months, 0.48, 0.35−0.66) and higher education (master's degree or higher vs. less than or equal to high school, 0.36, 0.17−0.66) were associated with reduced seroconversion risk. Compared to non‐PrEP users in the past 2 years without a current clinical indication, those who started PrEP but then discontinued had higher seroconversion risk, irrespective of clinical indication (3.23, 1.74−6.46) or lack thereof (4.30, 1.85−9.88). However, those who initiated PrEP in the past year (0.14, 0.04−0.39) or persistently used PrEP in the past 2 years (0.33, 0.14−0.74) had a lower risk of seroconversion. Of all HIV seroconversions observed during follow‐up assessments (12, 24, 36 and 48 months), methamphetamine was reported in the 12 months prior 128 (42.2%) times (overall). Conclusions: Interventions that acknowledge race and ethnicity, economic variables such as education and housing instability, and methamphetamine use are critically needed. Not only are interventions to engage individuals in PrEP care needed, but those that retain them, and re‐engage those who may fall out of care are essential, given the exceptionally high risk of seroconversion in these groups.

Presenteeism is a phenomenon about which a gap has been identified regarding its effects on productivity or worker well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research analyzes the effects of presenteeism on workers' productivity and mental health, and the moderating-mediating role of mental health in the relationship between presenteeism and productivity. Based on the literature, a model was developed to verify the proposed relationships. To test it, data was collected through an online questionnaire applied to 308 participants who had experienced any health problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed model was analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) estimation. The evidence indicates the positive effects of presenteeism on workers' productivity and mental health. It also shows the nodal role of employees' mental health in their work performance when they decide to work whilst sick. As a mediating role, the impacts of presenteeism on productivity are high, both with a focus on completing work and avoiding distraction. In the moderating role, the relationship between presenteeism focused on work completion and productivity is weakened.

Abstract The search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering and inverse beta-decay (IBD) within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$ ± 1000 s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV. Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the supernova-like spectrum. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analyzed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors ( $$\nu _e, \nu _\mu , \nu _\tau $$ ν e , ν μ , ν τ ) at the level $$10^9{-}10^{15}~\textrm{cm}^{-2}\,\textrm{GW}^{-1}$$ 10 9 - 10 15 cm - 2 GW - 1 have been obtained in the 0.5–5 MeV neutrino energy range.

Abstract Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have attracted increasing research interest; however, the development of these batteries has been hindered by several challenges, including dendrite growth, Zn corrosion, cathode material degradation, limited temperature adaptability and electrochemical stability window, which are associated with water activity and the solvation structure of electrolytes. Here we report that water activity is suppressed by increasing the electron density of the water protons through interactions with highly polar dimethylacetamide and trimethyl phosphate molecules. Meanwhile, the Zn corrosion in the hybrid electrolyte is mitigated, and the electrochemical stability window and the operating temperature of the electrolyte are extended. The dimethylacetamide alters the surface energy of Zn, guiding the (002) plane dominated deposition of Zn. Molecular dynamics simulation evidences Zn2+ ions are solvated with fewer water molecules, resulting in lower lattice strain in the NaV3O8·1.5H2O cathode during the insertion of hydrated Zn2+ ions, boosting the lifespan of Zn|| NaV3O8·1.5H2O cell to 3000 cycles.

Abstract We present a novel approach for the search of dark matter in the DarkSide-50 experiment, relying on Bayesian Networks. This method incorporates the detector response model into the likelihood function, explicitly maintaining the connection with the quantity of interest. No assumptions about the linearity of the problem or the shape of the probability distribution functions are required, and there is no need to morph signal and background spectra as a function of nuisance parameters. By expressing the problem in terms of Bayesian Networks, we have developed an inference algorithm based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to calculate the posterior probability. A clever description of the detector response model in terms of parametric matrices allows us to study the impact of systematic variations of any parameter on the final results. Our approach not only provides the desired information on the parameter of interest, but also potential constraints on the response model. Our results are consistent with recent published analyses and further refine the parameters of the detector response model.

Abstract We present here a characterization of the low background NaI(Tl) crystal NaI-33 based on a period of almost one year of data taking (891 kg $$\times $$ × days exposure) in a detector configuration with no use of organic scintillator veto. This remarkably radio-pure crystal already showed a low background in the SABRE Proof-of-Principle (PoP) detector, in the low energy region of interest (1–6 keV) for the search of dark matter interaction via the annual modulation signature. As the vetoable background components, such as $$^{40}$$ 40 K, are here sub-dominant, we reassembled the PoP setup with a fully passive shielding. We upgraded the selection of events based on a Boosted Decision Tree algorithm that rejects most of the PMT-induced noise while retaining scintillation signals with > 90% efficiency in 1–6 keV. We find an average background of 1.39 ± 0.02 counts/day/kg/keV in the region of interest and a spectrum consistent with data previously acquired in the PoP setup, where the external veto background suppression was in place. Our background model indicates that the dominant background component is due to decays of $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb, only partly residing in the crystal itself. The other location of $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb is the reflector foil that wraps the crystal. We now proceed to design the experimental setup for the physics phase of the SABRE North detector, based on an array of similar crystals, using a low radioactivity PTFE reflector and further improving the passive shielding strategy, in compliance with the new safety and environmental requirements of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.

Introdução: A história natural da infecção pelo SARS-Cov-2 apresenta características específicas que refletiram em alto índice de hospitalização e óbitos. Um dos objetivos do Estudo Covid-19 HNH-BR (Hospitalized Natural History - Brazil) foi estabelecer através de uma coorte observacional a caracterização clínica e laboratorial de pacientes internados um hospital de referência universitário por doença grave/crítica no primeiro ano pandêmico, em que as variantes alfa, beta e gama estavam circulantes, a fim de determinar as variáveis de maior impacto no período pré-vacinação em massa do município de Botucatu (SP). Método: Entre maio/2020 a maio/2021, 432 casos de hospitalizações em adultos com covid-19 grave/crítica foram incluídos. Composição dos grupos (desfechos “alta hospitalar”): G1: com sequelas (n = 145, 33,6%); G2: sem sequelas (n = 84, 19,4%); G3: Óbito Enfermaria (n = 22, 5,1%) e G4: Óbito UTI (n = 181, 41,9%). Estatística: teste de ANOVA seguido de Tukey, distribuição Gamma e de Poisson seguidos de Wald, tabelas de contingência e regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: 203 (47%) da casuística evoluiu para óbito. Média de idade: 60,7 (±15,4) anos, Homens: 234 (54,2%). Houve homogeneidade em relação aos sintomas e comorbidades, exceto para alto risco cardiovascular (p = 0,017) e neoplasia ativa (p = 0,004), mais prevalentes em G3 e G4. Óbito também esteve relacionado com níveis menores de hemoglobina (p =,0002), menor saturação de O2 no momento da admissão (p =,0007), pior relação de troca respiratória (p

Comprehensive molecular profiles are required to understand and treat sarcomas, which comprise more than 70 different subtypes. Here, the authors profile the genomic landscape of 7494 sarcomas across 44 histologies using targeted panel sequencing and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Abstract The search for neutrino events in correlation with 42 most intense fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been performed using the Borexino dataset from 05/2007 to 06/2021. We have searched for signals with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$ ± 1000 s corresponding to detection time of a particular FRB. We also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure data of the Borexino detector. In particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay reaction. No statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on FRB-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the 0.5–50 MeV neutrino energy range.

Background: Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are rare lesions accounting for 1%–5% of all spinal cord tumors, and are mostly associated with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Localization in the cauda equina is uncommon. Aim: In this manuscript, we aimed to describe a rare case of sporadic intradural extramedullary HB of the cauda equina and present a literature review. Mathods: A systematic research was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, using the keywords “spinal HB” and “cauda equina tumors.” The previous literature is integrated by the description of the present case. A 49-year-old female presented in August 2020 to our institution with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed an intradural mass at L1/2 level and angiography that showing a nidus of serpiginous vessels inside the lesion. Symptoms were right sciatica and paresthesia in right L5 radicular dermatome for more than 3 months. Neurological examination revealed claudicatio spinalis and hypoesthesia on right L5 dermatome and weakness of right anterior tibialis muscle. Microsurgical en bloc resection of lesion was performed with adjuvant neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring. The histological examination provided the diagnosis of HB. Results: After surgery, symptoms and neurological impairment gradually improved. Postoperative MRI showed no residual tumor. Conclusions: Although intradural extramedullary HB of the cauda equina without VHL syndrome is a rare pathological entity, this diagnosis must be taken in consideration when a mass affects cauda equina. Preoperative embolization is an option to minimize intraoperative bleeding. Radiosurgery seems to prevent recurrences when the tumor is not completely excised. A complete surgical removal of the lesion is usually possible and it leads to a low likelihood of recurrence.

Abstract Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $$^{11}$$ 11 C decays outnumber solar pep and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. In order to extract the flux of these two neutrino species, a highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $$^{11}$$ 11 C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012–2016) and III (2016–2020) data sets, with a $$^{11}$$ 11 C tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90$$ ∼ 90 % and $$\sim $$ ∼ 63–66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $$^{11}$$ 11 C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $$^{11}$$ 11 C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $$\sim 90\%$$ ∼ 90 % but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $$\sim $$ ∼ 66–68 %.

Aim: Evidence suggests that translocation of oral pathogens through the oral–gut axis may induce intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a highly leukotoxic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) strain on the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal integrity and immune system in healthy mice. Methods: Eight‐week‐old male C57BL6 mice were divided into control (n = 16) and JP2 groups (n = 19), which received intragastric gavage with PBS and with a suspension of Aa JP2 (HK921), respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks. Colonic lamina propria, fecal material, serum, gingival tissues, and mandibles were obtained for analyses of leukocyte populations, inflammatory mediators, mucosal integrity, alveolar bone loss, and gut microbiota. Differences between groups for these parameters were examined by non‐parametric tests. Results: The gut microbial richness and the number of colonic macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes were significantly lower in Aa JP2‐infected mice than in controls (p <.05). In contrast, infected animals showed higher abundance of Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, Helicobacter rodentium, higher levels of IL‐6 expression in colonic tissues, and higher splenic MPO activity than controls (p <.05). No differences in tight junction expression, serum endotoxin levels, and colonic inflammatory cytokines were observed between groups. Infected animals presented also slightly more alveolar bone loss and gingival IL‐6 levels than controls (p <.05). Conclusion: Based on this model, intragastric administration of Aa JP2 is associated with changes in the gut ecosystem of healthy hosts, characterized by less live/recruited myeloid cells, enrichment of the gut microbiota with pathobionts and decrease in commensals. Negligible levels of colonic pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and no signs of mucosal barrier disruption were related to these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystals are the key element for a model-independent verification of the long standing DAMA result and a powerful means to search for the annual modulation signature of dark matter interactions. The SABRE collaboration has been developing cutting-edge techniques for the reduction of intrinsic backgrounds over several years. In this paper we report the first characterization of a 3.4 kg crystal, named NaI-33, performed in an underground passive shielding setup at LNGS. NaI-33 has a record low $$^{39}$$ 39 K contamination of 4.3 ± 0.2 ppb as determined by mass spectrometry. We measured a light yield of 11.1 ± 0.2 photoelectrons/keV and an energy resolution of 13.2% (FWHM/E) at 59.5 keV. We evaluated the activities of $$^{226}$$ 226 Ra and $$^{228}$$ 228 Th inside the crystal to be $$5.9\pm 0.6~\upmu $$ 5.9 ± 0.6 μ Bq/kg and $$1.6\pm 0.3~\upmu $$ 1.6 ± 0.3 μ Bq/kg, respectively, which would indicate a contamination from $$^{238}$$ 238 U and $$^{232}$$ 232 Th at part-per-trillion level. We measured an activity of 0.51 ± 0.02 mBq/kg due to $$^{210}$$ 210 Pb out of equilibrium and a $$\alpha $$ α quenching factor of 0.63 ± 0.01 at 5304 keV. We illustrate the analyses techniques developed to reject electronic noise in the lower part of the energy spectrum. A cut-based strategy and a multivariate approach indicated a rate, attributed to the intrinsic radioactivity of the crystal, of $$\sim $$ ∼ 1 count/day/kg/keV in the [5–20] keV region.

How Indigenous populations in the southern tip of South America have changed over time has been unclear. Here the authors generate genome-wide data for 20 ancient individuals and examine how past migrations and admixture events correlate to geography and shifts in the archaeological record.

El trabajo realiza un análisis en torno al proyecto de construcción del denominado Teatro-Circo que la Sociedad Española de Chivilcoy emprendió entre los años 1885 y 1888. Para ello, primero se examina el financiamiento de la obra y la valoración que desde los sectores de la elite local se tuvo sobre la misma. Se pretende demostrar que la construcción del teatro fue impulsada gracias a la cooperación establecida entre la asociación y cierto sector de la sociedad local, y cuyo objetivo en común se centró en fomentar la creación de un nuevo ámbito de sociabilidad compartida. En segundo lugar, el trabajo se concentra en el evento de inauguración del teatro analizando una serie de discursos que fueron pronunciados y a partir de los cuales se busca discriminar diferentes nociones identitarias que subyacen en los mismos y otorgaron distintas valoraciones al proyecto.

This work is a multidisciplinary environmental study that provides new insights into the relationships between sediment-organic matter characteristics and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) concentration. The aim of the present multivariate study was to correlate factors influencing PBDEs accumulation in sediment by using principal component analysis (PCA). Organic matter studies by Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and physicochemical analyses (Total Organic Carbon, pH, electrical conductivity) of sediment samples were considered for PCA. Samples were collected from an artificial irrigation network on the Mendoza River irrigation areas. PCA provided a comprehensive analysis of the studied variables, identifying two components that explained 63% of the data variance. Those factors were mainly associated to organic matter degradation degree, which represent a new insight into the relationships between organic matter in sediments and PBDEs fate. In this sense it was possible to determine that not only the content but also the type of organic matter (chemical structure) could be relevant when evaluating PBDEs accumulation and transport in the environment. Typification of organic matter may be a useful tool to predict more feasible areas where PBDE, may accumulate, as well as sediment transportation capability.

Because of the need for identification of forest species, especially for detection of illegal wood trade, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry for differentiation of Inga vera Willd., Muellera campestris (Mart. ex Benth.) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo and Machaerium paraguariense Hassl., species of the Fabaceae family, native to the Araucaria Forest in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Discs at breast height were collected from three trees of each species and the colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) and visible spectra were evaluated in different radial position of the trunk (near bark, intermediate and near pith) and three different anatomical sections (transversal, radial and tangential surfaces). Mean values of hue angle (h) among the colorimetric parameters resulted in the highest potential for species discrimination. With respect to radial trunk position and anatomical section, parameters a* (green-red) and h were not statistically different, independent of the wood samples evaluated. For other parameters (L*, b* and C*), each species presented distinct results. Principal component analysis with second derivative of visible spectra discriminated all species. Colorimetry associated with chemometrics allowed to distinguish I. vera, M. campestris and M. paraguariense.

Es objetivo del trabajo compartir experiencias sobre desarrollo de competencias para emprender, en cursantes y asesorados por el proyecto INCUBA EMPRESAS, del Centro Loyola Reina, en La Habana, Cuba. Se fundamentó, elaboró y validó la primera versión de un perfil de competencias; así como creó un Observatorio, cuyos proyectos sirvieron de base a fin de rediseñar entrenamientos, y asesorías del programa, lo cual mejoró sus procesos y desempeños, aunque mitigados por factores contextuales. Se concluye generalizando esos resultados y proponiendo nuevas acciones. Abstract The goal of this paper is to share experiences on development of competences for entrepreneurship in beneficiaries of training & advisory activities of INCUBA EMPRESAS project, of Queen Loyola Center, of Jesus Society, in La Habana, Cuba. The foundations, devise & validation of the first version of a competences profile is exposed. An Observatory was created, whose projects gave diagnosis & proposals as premises to redesign the abovementioned activities, improving processes & results, although mitigated due to environmental factors. Generalization of such upshots & new recommendations are given.

Abstract The Borexino detector measures solar neutrino fluxes via neutrino-electron elastic scattering. Observed spectra are determined by the solar-ν e survival probability P ee (E), and the chiral couplings of the neutrino and electron. Some theories of physics beyond the Standard Model postulate the existence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI’s) which modify the chiral couplings and P ee (E). In this paper, we search for such NSI’s, in particular, flavor-diagonal neutral current interactions that modify the ν e e and ν τ e couplings using Borexino Phase II data. Standard Solar Model predictions of the solar neutrino fluxes for both high- and low-metallicity assumptions are considered. No indication of new physics is found at the level of sensitivity of the detector and constraints on the parameters of the NSI’s are placed. In addition, with the same dataset the value of sin2 θ W is obtained with a precision comparable to that achieved in reactor antineutrino experiments .

The digital transformation taking place in all areas of life has led to a massive increase in digital data – in particular, related to the places where and the ways how we live. To facilitate an exploration of the new opportunities arising from this development the Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (U-TEP) has been set-up. This enabling instrument represents a virtual environment that combines open access to multi-source data repositories with dedicated data processing, analysis and visualisation functionalities. Moreover, it includes mechanisms for the development and sharing of technology and knowledge. After an introduction of the underlying methodical concept, this paper introduces four selected use cases that were carried out on the basis of U-TEP: two technology-driven applications implemented by users from the remote sensing and software engineering community (generation of cloud-free mosaics, processing of drone data) and two examples related to concrete use scenarios defined by planners and decision makers (data analytics related to global urbanization, monitoring of regional land-use dynamics). The experiences from U-TEP’s pre-operations phase show that the system can effectively support the derivation of new data, facts and empirical evidence that helps scientists and decision-makers to implement improved strategies for sustainable urban development.