Author: "A Bourke" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

38,886 results on '"A Bourke"'

1. Characterising the multiple protostellar system VLA 1623-2417 with JWST, ALMA and VLA: outflow origins, dust growth and an unsettled disk

Author: Radley, Isaac C., Busquet, Gemma, Ilee, John D., Liu, Hauyu Baobab, Pineda, Jaime E., Pontoppidan, Klaus M., Macías, Enrique, Maureira, María José, Bianchi, Eleonora, Bourke, Tyler L., Codella, Claudio, Forbrich, Jan, Girart, Josep M., Hoare, Melvin G., Garnica, Ricardo Hernández, Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun, Loinard, Laurent, Ordóñez-Toro, Jazmín, and Podio, Linda
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Utilising JWST, ALMA and the VLA we present high angular resolution (0.06''- 0.42''), multi-wavelength (4 micron - 3cm) observations of the VLA 1623-2417 protostellar system to characterise the origin, morphology and, properties of the continuum emission. JWST observations at 4.4 micron reveal outflow cavities for VLA 1623 A and, for the first time, VLA 1623 B, as well as scattered light from the upper layers of the VLA 1623 W disk. We model the millimetre-centimetre spectral energy distributions to quantify the relative contributions of dust and ionised gas emission, calculate dust masses, and use spectral index maps to determine where optical depth hinders this analysis. In general, all objects appear to be optically thick down to ~90 GHz, show evidence for significant amounts (10's - 100's M_Earth) of large (>1 mm) dust grains, and are dominated by ionised gas emission for frequencies ~<15 GHz. In addition, we find evidence of unsettled millimetre dust in the inclined disk of VLA 1623 B possibly attributed to instabilities within the circumstellar disk, adding to the growing catalogue of unsettled Class 0/I disks. Our results represent some of the highest resolution observations possible with current instrumentation, particularly in the case of the VLA. However, our interpretation is still limited at low frequencies (~<22 GHz) and thus motivates the need for next-generation interferometers operating at centimetre wavelengths., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 35 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2025

2. Proposal of the KOTO II experiment

Author: Ahn, Jung Keun, Antonelli, Antonella, Anzivino, Giuseppina, Augustine, Emile, Bandiera, Laura, Bian, Jianming, Brizioli, Francesco, De Capua, Stefano, Carini, Gabriella, Chobanova, Veronika, D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo, Dainton, John Bourke, Dőbrich, Babette, Fry, John, Gianoli, Alberto, Glazov, Alexander, Gonzalez, Mario, Gorbahn, Martin, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Homma, Mei, Hsiung, Yee B., Husek, Tomáš, Hutchcroft, David, Iyer, Abhishek, Jones, Roger William Lewis, Katayama, Mai, Kawata, Yuto, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Chong, Komatsubara, Takeshi, Kotera, Katsushige, Kreps, Michal, Lamanna, Gianluca, Lazzeroni, Cristina, Lezki, Samet, Lim, GeiYoub, Lim, Sanghoon, Lin, Chieh, Mahmoudi, Farvah, Martin, Victoria, Massri, Karim, Matsumura, Toru, Montalto, Luigi, Moulson, Matthew, Nanjo, Hajime, Needham, Matthew, Neshatpour, Siavash, Nomura, Tadashi, Ogawa, Daiki, Ono, Keita, Pepe, Monica, Peruzzo, Letizia, Pinzino, Jacopo, Protopopescu, Dan, Prouve, Claire, Reddel, Thomas, Redeker, Joseph, Rinaldi, Daniele, Romagnoni, Marco, Romano, Angela, Rostomyan, Armine, Sanders, Jack, Santos, Diego Martínez, Sarra, Ivano, Shaikhiev, Artur, Shiomi, Koji, Shiraishi, Ryota, Soldani, Mattia, Sozzi, Marco, Stillwell, Benjamin, Su, Yi-Ting, Swallow, Joel, Tajima, Yasuhisa, Tomczak, Adam, Tung, Yu-Chen, Wah, Yau, Wanke, Rainer, Watanabe, Hiroaki, Wendel, John, Wu, Tong, Wynd, Maresa, and Yang, Guang
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KOTO II experiment is proposed to measure the branching ratio of the decay $K_L\to\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$ at J-PARC. With a beamline to extract long-lived neutral kaons at 5 degrees from a production target, the single event sensitivity of the decay is $8.5\times 10^{-13}$, which is much smaller than the Standard Model prediction $3\times 10^{-11}$. This allows searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model and the first discovery of the decay with a significance exceeding $5\sigma$. As the only experiment proposed in the world dedicated to rare kaon decays, KOTO II will be indispensable in the quest for a complete understanding of flavor dynamics in the quark sector. Moreover, by combining efforts from the kaon community worldwide, we plan to develop the KOTO II detector further and expand the physics reach of the experiment to include measurements of the branching ratio of the $K_L\to\pi^0\ell^+\ell^-$ decays, studies of other $K_L$ decays, and searches for dark photons, axions, and axion-like particles. KOTO II will therefore obtain a comprehensive understanding of $K_L$ decays, providing further constraints on new physics scenarios with existing $K^+$ results., Comment: Submitted to the J-PARC PAC. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.04462
Published: 2025

3. Career Change Teacher: Exploring Perceptions from 23 Australian Teacher Educators

Author: Reece Mills, Terri Bourke, Simone White, Martin Mills, Matthew Readette, Lisa van Leent, and Craig Wood
Abstract: Career change teachers (CCTs) are heralded in international education policies as key to addressing teacher shortages and increasing quality and diversity in the profession. Using a qualitative approach inspired by Ball's discursive facet of policy enactment, interview responses from 23 Australian teacher educators were examined. The aim was to determine how these teacher educators spoke and thought about CCTs as well as how they discursively positioned this cohort in the profession. Findings revealed teacher educators described CCTs in multiple ways and discursively positioned them as complex. While the policies may be well intended, the authors point to three possible "perverse effects" of CCTs as a policy solution to teacher shortages: (1) the attrition rather than the retention of CCTs; (2) the valorising of personal and professional qualities over quality teachers and teaching; and (3) the further homogenisation rather than diversification of the teaching profession. Recommendations are suggested for mitigating these possible effects.
Published: 2025
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4. Predictors of Early Childhood Educators' Movement Behavior Self-Efficacy, Behavioral Intention, and Perceived Behavioral Control

Author: Brianne A. Bruijns, Matthew Bourke, Tanya Nguyen, and Patricia Tucker
Abstract: Early childhood educators (ECEs) greatly influence young children's physical activity and sedentary behaviors in childcare and psychosocial factors have been found to influence their teaching practices in this environment. This study sought to determine which personal and professional characteristics predicted ECEs' self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) to promote active childcare settings. ECEs (n = 390) completed an online survey to collect demographic information (10 items) and ratings of their self-efficacy (30 items), behavioral intention (28 items), and PBC (28 items); composite scores were calculated. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of participants based on self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and PBC. Univariate differences in independent variables among profiles were explored and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine multivariate predictors of profile membership. Being female, employed in center-based childcare, not having a bachelor's degree, having completed an outdoor play professional development course, and achieving the adult physical activity guideline were associated with being in profiles with the highest ratings across all psychosocial variables. These findings provide important insight into which factors might be targeted to help support ECEs' confidence, intentions, and PBC to promote healthy active childcare environments, particularly in pre-service ECE curriculum content and/or professional development offerings.
Published: 2025
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5. A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-Shaped Filament as Revealed by JCMT BISTRO survey

Author: Wu, Jintai, Qiu, Keping, Poidevin, Frederick, Bastien, Pierre, Liu, Junhao, Ching, Tao-Chung, Bourke, Tyler L., Ward-Thompson, Derek, Pattle, Kate, Johnstone, Doug, Koch, Patrick M., Arzoumanian, Doris, Lee, Chang Won, Fanciullo, Lapo, Onaka, Takashi, Hwang, Jihye, Gouellec, Valentin J. M. Le, Soam, Archana, Tamura, Motohide, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Li, Hua-Bai, Berry, David, Furuya, Ray S., Coude, Simon, Kwon, Woojin, Lin, Sheng-Jun, Wang, Jia-Wei, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Lai, Shih-Ping, Byun, Do-Young, Chen, Zhiwei, Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien, Chen, Wen Ping, Chen, Mike, Cho, Jungyeon, Choi, Youngwoo, Choi, Yunhee, Choi, Minho, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Chung, Eun Jung, Dai, Sophia, Di Francesco, James, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Doi, Yasuo, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Duan, Yan, Eden, David, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M., Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Fuller, Gary, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hayashi, Saeko, Hoang, Thiem, Houde, Martin, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Konyves, Vera, Kang, Ji-hyun, Kang, Miju, Karoly, Janik, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kawabata, Koji, Kim, Shinyoung, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kim, Kyoung Hee, Kim, Kee-Tae, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hyosung, Kim, Gwanjeong, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kirk, Jason, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Kusune, Takayoshi, Kwon, Jungmi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Hyeseung, Lee, Chin-Fei, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lee, Jeong-Eun, Li, Dalei, Li, Di, Li, Guangxing, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Liu, Tie, Liu, Hong-Li, Lu, Xing, Lyo, A-Ran, Mairs, Steve, Matsumura, Masafumi, Matthews, Brenda, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Ngoc, Nguyen Bich, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Park, Geumsook, Parsons, Harriet, Peretto, Nicolas, Priestley, Felix, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Qian, Lei, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Jonathan, Rawlings, Mark, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Sadavoy, Sarah, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Seta, Masumichi, Sharma, Ekta, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tang, Ya-Wen, Tang, Xindi, Thuong, Hoang Duc, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tram, Le Ngoc, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Whitworth, Anthony, Xie, Jinjin, Yang, Meng-Zhe, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Yoo, Hyunju, Yuan, Jinghua, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Zhang, Yapeng, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhu, Lei, de Looze, Ilse, Andre, Philippe, Dowell, C. Darren, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Robitaille, Jean-Francois, and van Loo, Sven
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: As part of the BISTRO survey, we present JCMT 850 $\mu$m polarimetric observations towards the Orion Integral-Shaped Filament (ISF) that covers three portions known as OMC-1, OMC-2, and OMC-3. The magnetic field threading the ISF seen in the JCMT POL-2 map appears as a tale of three: pinched for OMC-1, twisted for OMC-2, and nearly uniform for OMC-3. A multi-scale analysis shows that the magnetic field structure in OMC-3 is very consistent at all the scales, whereas the field structure in OMC-2 shows no correlation across different scales. In OMC-1, the field retains its mean orientation from large to small scales, but shows some deviations at small scales. Histograms of relative orientations between the magnetic field and filaments reveal a bimodal distribution for OMC-1, a relatively random distribution for OMC-2, and a distribution with a predominant peak at 90$^\circ$ for OMC-3. Furthermore, the magnetic fields in OMC-1 and OMC-3 both appear to be aligned perpendicular to the fibers, which are denser structures within the filament, but the field in OMC-2 is aligned along with the fibers. All these suggest that gravity, turbulence, and magnetic field are each playing a leading role in OMC-1, 2, and 3, respectively. While OMC-2 and 3 have almost the same gas mass, density, and non-thermal velocity dispersion, there are on average younger and fewer young stellar objects in OMC-3, providing evidence that a stronger magnetic field will induce slower and less efficient star formation in molecular clouds., Comment: published in the ApJ Letters
Published: 2024
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6. Enhanced 2-categorical structures, two-dimensional limit sketches and the symmetry of internalisation

Author: Arkor, Nathanael, Bourke, John, and Ko, Joanna
Subjects: Mathematics - Category Theory, 18C10, 18C30, 18C40, 18D20, 18M65, 18N10
Abstract: Many structures of interest in two-dimensional category theory have aspects that are inherently strict. This strictness is not a limitation, but rather plays a fundamental role in the theory of such structures. For instance, a monoidal fibration is - crucially - a strict monoidal functor, rather than a pseudo or lax monoidal functor. Other examples include monoidal double categories, double fibrations, and intercategories. We provide an explanation for this phenomenon from the perspective of enhanced 2-categories, which are 2-categories having a distinguished subclass of 1-cells representing the strict morphisms. As part of our development, we introduce enhanced 2-categorical limit sketches and explain how this setting addresses shortcomings in the theory of 2-categorical limit sketches. In particular, we establish the symmetry of internalisation for such structures, entailing, for instance, that a monoidal double category is equivalently a pseudomonoid in an enhanced 2-category of double categories, or a pseudocategory in an enhanced 2-category of monoidal categories., Comment: 49 pages
Published: 2024

7. A Survey of Magnetic Field Properties in Bok Globules

Author: Roychowdhury, Tamojeet, Pillai, Thushara G. S., Vilega-Rodrigues, Claudia, Kauffmann, Jens, Tram, Le Ngoc, Bourke, Tyler L., and Magalhaes, Victor de Souza
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Bok globules are small, dense clouds that act as isolated precursors for the formation of single or binary stars. Although recent dust polarization surveys, primarily with Planck, have shown that molecular clouds are strongly magnetized, the significance of magnetic fields in Bok globules has largely been limited to individual case studies, lacking a broader statistical understanding. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive optical polarimetric survey of 21 Bok globules. Using Gaia and near-IR photometric data, we produce extinction maps for each target. Using the radiative torque alignment model customized to the physical properties of the Bok globule, we characterize the polarization efficiency of one representative globule as a function of its visual extinction. We thus find our optical polarimetric data to be a good probe of the globule's magnetic field. Our statistical analysis of the orientation of elongated extinction structures relative to the plane-of-sky magnetic field orientations shows they do not align strictly parallel or perpendicular. Instead, the data is best explained by a bimodal distribution, with structures oriented at projected angles that are either parallel or perpendicular. The plane-of-sky magnetic field strengths on the scales probed by optical polarimetric data are measured using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi technique. We then derive magnetic properties such as Alfv\'en Mach numbers and mass-to-magnetic flux ratios. Our findings statistically place the large-scale (Av < 7 mag) magnetic properties of Bok globules in a dynamically important domain., Comment: 22 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2024

8. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: The magnetised evolution of star-forming cores in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud interpreted using Histograms of Relative Orientation

Author: Perry, James P., Pattle, Kate, Johnstone, Doug, Kwon, Woojin, Bourke, Tyler, Chung, Eun Jung, Coudé, Simon, Doi, Yasuo, Fanciullo, Lapo, Hwang, Jihye, Khan, Zacariyya A., Kwon, Jungmi, Lai, Shih-Ping, Gouellec, Valentin J. M. Le, Lee, Chang Won, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Sadavoy, Sarah, Savini, Giorgio, Sharma, Ekta, and Tamura, Motohide
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The relationship between B-field orientation and density structure in molecular clouds is often assessed using the Histogram of Relative Orientations (HRO). We perform a plane-of-the-sky geometrical analysis of projected B-fields, by interpreting HROs in dense, spheroidal, prestellar and protostellar cores. We use James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) POL-2 850 $\mu$m polarisation maps and Herschel column density maps to study dense cores in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex. We construct two-dimensional core models, assuming Plummer column density profiles and modelling both linear and hourglass B-fields. We find high-aspect-ratio ellipsoidal cores produce strong HRO signals, as measured using the shape parameter $\xi$. Cores with linear fields oriented $< 45^{\circ}$ from their minor axis produce constant HROs with $-1 < \xi < 0$, indicating fields are preferentially parallel to column density gradients. Fields parallel to the core minor axis produce the most negative value of $\xi$. For low-aspect-ratio cores, $\xi \approx 0$ for linear fields. Hourglass fields produce a minimum in $\xi$ at intermediate densities in all cases, converging to the minor-axis-parallel linear field value at high and low column densities. We create HROs for six dense cores in Ophiuchus. $\rho$ Oph A and IRAS 16293 have high aspect ratios and preferentially negative HROs, consistent with moderately strong-field behaviour. $\rho$ Oph C, L1689A and L1689B have low aspect ratios, and $\xi \approx 0$. $\rho$ Oph B is too complex to be modelled using a simple spheroidal field geometry. We see no signature of hourglass fields, agreeing with previous findings that dense cores generally exhibit linear fields on these size scales., Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2024

9. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: The Magnetic Fields of the IC 348 Star-forming Region

Author: Choi, Youngwoo, Kwon, Woojin, Pattle, Kate, Arzoumanian, Doris, Bourke, Tyler L., Hoang, Thiem, Hwang, Jihye, Koch, Patrick M., Sadavoy, Sarah, Bastien, Pierre, Furuya, Ray, Lai, Shih-Ping, Qiu, Keping, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Berry, David, Byun, Do-Young, Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien, Chen, Wen Ping, Chen, Mike, Chen, Zhiwei, Ching, Tao-Chung, Cho, Jungyeon, Choi, Minho, Choi, Yunhee, Coudé, Simon, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Chung, Eun Jung, Dai, Sophia, Debattista, Victor, Di Francesco, James, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Doi, Yasuo, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Duan, Yan, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Fanciullo, Lapo, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M., Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Fuller, Gary, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Houde, Martin, Hull, Charles L. H., Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Johnstone, Doug, Karoly, Janik, Könyves, Vera, Kang, Ji-hyun, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Chang Won, Lee, Hyeseung, Lee, Chin-Fei, Lee, Jeong-Eun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Dalei, Li, Di, Li, Guangxing, Li, Hua-bai, Lin, Sheng-Jun, Liu, Hong-Li, Liu, Tie, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Liu, Junhao, Longmore, Steven, Lu, Xing, Lyo, A-Ran, Mairs, Steve, Matsumura, Masafumi, Matthews, Brenda, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Ngoc, Nguyen Bich, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Onaka, Takashi, Park, Geumsook, Parsons, Harriet, Peretto, Nicolas, Priestley, Felix, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Qian, Lei, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Jonathan, Rawlings, Mark, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Seta, Masumichi, Sharma, Ekta, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Soam, Archana, Kang, Miju, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kawabata, Koji, Kemper, Francisca, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Shinyoung, Kim, Gwanjeong, Kim, Kyoung Hee, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kim, Kee-Tae, Kim, Hyosung, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kirk, Jason, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Kusune, Takayoshi, Kwon, Jungmi, Tamura, Motohide, Tang, Ya-Wen, Tang, Xindi, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Wang, Jia-Wei, Wu, Jintai, Xie, Jinjin, Yang, Meng-Zhe, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Yoo, Hyunju, Yuan, Jinghua, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhang, Yapeng, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhu, Lei, de Looze, Ilse, André, Philippe, Dowell, C. Darren, Eden, David, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Gouellec, Valentin J. M. Le, Poidevin, Frédérick, and van Loo, Sven
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present 850 $\mu$m polarization observations of the IC 348 star-forming region in the Perseus molecular cloud as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observation (BISTRO) survey. We study the magnetic properties of two cores (HH 211 MMS and IC 348 MMS) and a filamentary structure of IC 348. We find that the overall field tends to be more perpendicular than parallel to the filamentary structure of the region. The polarization fraction decreases with intensity, and we estimate the trend by power-law and the mean of the Rice distribution fittings. The power indices for the cores are much smaller than 1, indicative of possible grain growth to micron size in the cores. We also measure the magnetic field strengths of the two cores and the filamentary area separately by applying the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and its alternative version for compressed medium. The estimated mass-to-flux ratios are 0.45-2.20 and 0.63-2.76 for HH 211 MMS and IC 348 MMS, respectively, while the ratios for the filament is 0.33-1.50. This result may suggest that the transition from subcritical to supercritical conditions occurs at the core scale ($\sim$ 0.05 pc) in the region. In addition, we study the energy balance of the cores and find that the relative strength of turbulence to the magnetic field tends to be stronger for IC 348 MMS than HH 211 MMS. The result could potentially explain the different configurations inside the two cores: a single protostellar system in HH 211 MMS and multiple protostars in IC 348 MMS., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 21 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

10. JWST-IPA: Chemical Inventory and Spatial Mapping of Ices in the Protostar HOPS370 -- Evidence for an Opacity Hole and Thermal Processing of Ices

Author: Tyagi, Himanshu, P., Manoj, Narang, Mayank, Megeath, S T., Rocha, Will Robson M., Brunken, Nashanty, Rubinstein, Adam E., Gutermuth, Robert A., Evans, Neal J., van Dishoeck, Ewine, Federman, Sam, Watson, Dan M., Neufeld, David A., Anglada, Guillem, Beuther, Henrik, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Looney, Leslie W., Nazari, Pooneh, Osorio, Mayra, Stanke, Thomas, Yang, Yao-Lun, Bourke, Tyler L., Fischer, William J., Furlan, Elise, Green, Joel D., Habel, Nolan, Klaassen, Pamela, Karnath, Nicole, Linz, Hendrik, Muzzerolle, James, Tobin, John J., Atnagulov, Prabhani, Rahatgaonkar, Rohan, Sheehan, Patrick D., Slavicinska, Katerina, Stutz, Amelia M., Tychoniec, Łukasz, and Wolk, Scott J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The composition of protoplanetary disks, and hence the initial conditions of planet formation, may be strongly influenced by the infall and thermal processing of material during the protostellar phase. Composition of dust and ice in protostellar envelopes, shaped by energetic processes driven by the protostar, serves as the fundamental building material for planets and complex organic molecules. As part of the JWST GO program, "Investigating Protostellar Accretion" (IPA), we observed an intermediate-mass protostar HOPS 370 (OMC2-FIR3) using NIRSpec/IFU and MIRI/MRS. This study presents the gas and ice phase chemical inventory revealed with the JWST in the spectral range of $\sim$2.9 to 28 $\mu$m and explores the spatial variation of volatile ice species in the protostellar envelope. We find evidence for thermal processing of ice species throughout the inner envelope. We present the first high-spatial resolution ($\sim 80$ au) maps of key volatile ice species H$_{2}$O, CO$_{2}$, $^{13}$CO$_2$, CO, and OCN$^-$, which reveal a highly structured and inhomogeneous density distribution of the protostellar envelope, with a deficiency of ice column density that coincides with the jet/outflow shocked knots. Further, we observe high relative crystallinity of H$_{2}$O ice around the shocked knot seen in the H$_2$ and OH wind/outflow, which can be explained by a lack of outer colder material in the envelope along the line of sight due to the irregular structure of the envelope. These observations show clear evidence of thermal processing of the ices in the inner envelope, close to the outflow cavity walls, heated by the luminous protostar., Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Main text:16 pages with 11 figures
Published: 2024

11. Service-Learning in Rural Victoria: A Conceptual Model to Guide Innovative Work-Integrated Learning for Allied Health Students

Author: Charmaine Swanson, Rebecca Oates, Lisa Bourke, Lauren Woodhart, Kim Ackland, Robyn McNeil, and Keryn Wright
Abstract: Developing Allied Health (AH) graduates who are skilled in responding to public health needs is crucial, particularly in rural areas where workforce shortages and poor health outcomes are common. However, workforce shortages make it difficult to provide rural work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities to teach these skills. This paper presents a model of Service-Learning (SL) that innovatively employs WIL for AH students while addressing rural health needs. The model was developed based on the experiences of a rural WIL team who implemented over 400 SL WIL experiences over six years. Key aspects highlight the importance of relationship building and meeting the needs of three key stakeholders, namely the community and host-site, students, and the enrolled university. Student support, interprofessional education and evaluation were also embedded in the model. This SL model adopts a flexible approach and provides a useful guide for developing SL for WIL despite challenges in rural areas.
Published: 2024

12. The Evolution of Protostellar Outflow Opening Angles and the Implications for the Growth of Protostars

Author: Dunham, Michael M., Stephens, Ian W., Myers, Philip C., Bourke, Tyler L., Arce, Héctor G., Pokhrel, Riwaj, Pineda, Jaime E., and Vargas, Joseph
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We use 1-4" (300-1200 au) resolution 12CO(2-1) data from the MASSES (Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA) project to measure the projected opening angles of 46 protostellar outflows in the Perseus Molecular Cloud, 37 of which are measured with sufficiently high confidence to use in further analysis. We find that there is a statistically significant difference in the distributions of outflow opening angles for Class 0 and Class I outflows, with a distinct lack of both wide-angle Class 0 outflows and highly collimated Class I outflows. Synthesizing our results with several previous studies, we find that outflows widen with age through the Class 0 stage but do not continue to widen in the Class I stage. The maximum projected opening angle reached is approximately 90 degrees +/- 20 degrees, with the transition between widening and remaining constant occurring near the boundary between the Class 0 and Class I phases of evolution. While the volume fractions occupied by these outflows are no more than a few tens of percent of the total core volume, at most, recent theoretical work suggests outflows may still be capable of playing a central role in setting the low star formation efficiencies of 25%-50% observed on core scales., Comment: 35 pages, accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2024

13. Understanding the reasons why career changers pursue or pass on a STEM teaching career: a Best–Worst Scaling (BWS) approach

Author: Siostrom, Erin, Mills, Reece, and Bourke, Terri
Published: 2025
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14. The Efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning Course at Improving Early Childhood Education Students’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Related Self-Efficacy, Knowledge, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioural Control

Author: Hawthorne, Myranda, Bourke, Matthew, Bruijns, Brianne A., Vanderloo, Leigh M., Irwin, Jennifer D., Heydon, Rachel, Carson, Valerie, Johnson, Andrew M., Adamo, Kristi B., Burke, Shauna M., Timmons, Brian W., and Tucker, Patricia
Published: 2025
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15. Approaches to Incorporation of Preferences into Health Economic Models of Genomic Medicine: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis and Conceptual Framework: Preferences in Health Economic Models of Genomic Medicine

Author: Smith, Hadley Stevens, Regier, Dean A., Goranitis, Ilias, Bourke, Mackenzie, IJzerman, Maarten J., Degeling, Koen, Montgomery, Taylor, Phillips, Kathryn A., Wordsworth, Sarah, Buchanan, James, and Marshall, Deborah A.
Published: 2025
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16. Factors Associated with the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Rural Northern Victoria, Australia

Author: Hamilton, Andrew J., Bourke, Lisa, Ranmuthugala, Geetha, Glenister, Kristen M., and Simmons, David
Published: 2025
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17. JWST detections of amorphous and crystalline HDO ice toward massive protostars

Author: Slavicinska, Katerina, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Tychoniec, Łukasz, Nazari, Pooneh, Rubinstein, Adam E., Gutermuth, Robert, Tyagi, Himanshu, Chen, Yuan, Brunken, Nashanty G. C., Rocha, Will R. M., Manoj, P., Narang, Mayank, Megeath, S. Thomas, Yang, Yao-Lun, Looney, Leslie W., Tobin, John J., Beuther, Henrik, Bourke, Tyler L., Linnartz, Harold, Federman, Samuel, Watson, Dan M., and Linz, Hendrik
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: This work aims to utilize the increased sensitivity and resolution of the JWST to quantify the HDO/H$_{2}$O ratio in ices toward young stellar objects (YSOs) and to determine if the HDO/H$_{2}$O ratios measured in the gas phase toward massive YSOs (MYSOs) are representative of the ratios in their ice envelopes. Two protostars observed in the Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) program using JWST NIRSpec were analyzed: HOPS 370, an intermediate-mass YSO (IMYSO), and IRAS 20126+4104, a MYSO. The HDO ice toward these sources was detected above the 3$\sigma$ level and quantified via its 4.1 $\mu$m band. The contributions from the CH$_{3}$OH combination modes to the observed optical depth in this spectral region were constrained via the CH$_{3}$OH 3.53 $\mu$m band to ensure that the integrated optical depth of the HDO feature was not overestimated. H$_{2}$O ice was quantified via its 3 $\mu$m band. From these fits, ice HDO/H$_{2}$O abundance ratios of 4.6$\pm$1.8$\times$10$^{-3}$ and 2.6$\pm$1.2$\times$10$^{-3}$ are obtained for HOPS 370 and IRAS 20126+4104, respectively. The simultaneous detections of both crystalline HDO and crystalline H$_{2}$O corroborate the assignment of the observed feature at 4.1 $\mu$m to HDO ice. The ice HDO/H$_{2}$O ratios are similar to the highest reported gas HDO/H$_{2}$O ratios measured toward MYSOs as well as the hot inner regions of isolated low-mass protostars, suggesting that at least some of the gas HDO/H$_{2}$O ratios measured toward massive hot cores are representative of the HDO/H$_{2}$O ratios in ices. The need for an H$_{2}$O-rich CH$_{3}$OH component in the CH$_{3}$OH ice analysis supports recent experimental and observational results that indicate that some CH$_{3}$OH ice may form prior to the CO freeze-out stage in H$_{2}$O-rich ice layers., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 23 pages, 17 figures, 10 tables
Published: 2024
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18. Infant Sleep and Anxiety Disorders in Early Childhood: Findings from an Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study

Author: Kelli K. MacMillan, Declan Bourke, Stuart J. Watson, Andrew J. Lewis, Douglas M. Teti, Helen L. Ball, and Megan Galbally
Abstract: Emphasis on continuous infant sleep overnight may be driven by parental concern of risk to child mental health outcomes. The Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study (MPEWS) examined whether infant sleep at 6 and 12 months postpartum predicts anxiety disorders at 2-4 years, and whether this is moderated by maternal depression, active physical comforting (APC) or maternal cognitions about infant sleep. Data included 349 women and infants. Infant sleep was measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and child anxiety disorders by the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. The risk of developing generalised anxiety or social phobia disorders at 3-4 years was reduced by 42% (p = 0.001) and 31% (p = 0.001), respectively, for a one standard deviation increase in total sleep at 12 months. No other infant sleep outcomes were associated. Maternal depression, APC and cognitions about infant sleep did not significantly moderate these relationships. Focus may need to be on total infant sleep, rather than when sleep is achieved.
Published: 2024
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19. MAFLD but not MASLD increases risk of all-cause mortality in regional Australia, with components of metabolic syndrome exacerbating factors: 20 year longitudinal, cohort study

Author: Vaz, Karl, Kemp, William, Majeed, Ammar, Lubel, John, Magliano, Dianna J., Glenister, Kristen M., Bourke, Lisa, Simmons, David, and Roberts, Stuart K.
Published: 2024
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20. A multi-exon RFC1 deletion in a case of CANVAS: expanding the genetic mechanism of disease

Author: Davies, Kayli C., Fearnley, Liam G., Snell, Penny, Bourke, David, Mossman, Stuart, Kyne, Karen, McKeown, Colina, Delatycki, Martin B., Bahlo, Melanie, and Lockhart, Paul J.
Published: 2024
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21. Co-Designing a Consult Patient Decision Aid for Continuation Versus Deprescribing Cholinesterase Inhibitors in People Living with Dementia

Author: Ailabouni, Nagham J., Thompson, Wade, Hilmer, Sarah N., Quirke, Lyntara, McNeece, Janet, Bourke, Alice, Furst, Chloe, and Reeve, Emily
Published: 2024
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22. STudy to ActivelY WARM trauma patients (STAY WARM): a pilot study assessing feasibility of self-warming blankets in patients requiring a massive hemorrhage protocol activation

Author: Strauss, Rachel, Kron, Amie, Callum, Jeannie, Armali, Chantal, Modi, Dimpy, Notario, Lowyl, D’Empaire, Pablo Perez, Tillmann, Bourke W, Pannell, Dylan, Tien, Homer, Nathens, Avery, Beckett, Andrew, and da Luz, Luis Teodoro
Published: 2024
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23. JWST observations of $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ ice: Tracing the chemical environment and thermal history of ices in protostellar envelopes

Author: Brunken, Nashanty G. C., Rocha, Will R. M., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Gutermuth, Robert, Tyagi, Himanshu, Slavicinska, Katerina, Nazari, Pooneh, Megeath, S. Thomas, Evans II, Neal J., Narang, Mayank, Manoj, P., Rubinstein, Adam E., Watson, Dan M., Looney, Leslie W., Linnartz, Harold, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Beuther, Henrik, Linz, Hendrik, Klaassen, Pamela, Poteet, Charles A., Federman, Samuel, Anglada, Guillem, Atnagulov, Prabhani, Bourke, Tyler L., Fischer, William J., Furlan, Elise, Green, Joel, Habel, Nolan, Hartmann, Lee, Karnath, Nicole, Osorio, Mayra, Page, James Muzerolle, Pokhrel, Riwaj, Rahatgaonkar, Rohan, Sheehan, Patrick, Stanke, Thomas, Stutz, Amelia M., Tobin, John J., Tychoniec, Lukasz, Wolk, Scott, and Yang, Yao-Lun
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The structure and composition of simple ices can be modified during stellar evolution by protostellar heating. Key to understanding the involved processes are thermal and chemical tracers that can diagnose the history and environment of the ice. The 15.2 $\mu$m bending mode of $^{12}$CO$_2$ has proven to be a valuable tracer of ice heating events but suffers from grain shape and size effects. A viable alternative tracer is the weaker $^{13}$CO$_2$ isotopologue band at 4.39 $\mu$m which has now become accessible at high S/N with the $\textit{James Webb}$ Space Telescope (JWST). We present JWST NIRSpec observations of $^{13}$CO$_2$ ice in five deeply embedded Class 0 sources spanning a wide range in luminosities (0.2 - 10$^4$ L$_{\odot}$ ) taken as part of the Investigating Protostellar Accretion Across the Mass Spectrum (IPA) program. The band profiles vary significantly, with the most luminous sources showing a distinct narrow peak at 4.38 $\mu$m. We first apply a phenomenological approach and show that a minimum of 3-4 Gaussian profiles are needed to fit the $^{13}$CO$_2$ absorption feature. We then combine these findings with laboratory data and show that a 15.2 $\mu$m $^{12}$CO$_2$ band inspired five-component decomposition can be applied for the isotopologue band where each component is representative of CO$_2$ ice in a specific molecular environment. The final solution consists of cold mixtures of CO$_2$ with CH$_3$OH, H$_2$O and CO as well as segregated heated pure CO$_2$ ice. Our results are in agreement with previous studies of the $^{12}$CO$_2$ ice band, further confirming that $^{13}$CO$_{2}$ is a useful alternative tracer of protostellar heating events. We also propose an alternative solution consisting only of heated CO$_2$:CH$_3$OH and CO$_2$:H$_2$O ices and warm pure CO$_2$ ice for decomposing the ice profiles of the two most luminous sources in our sample.
Published: 2024
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24. Filamentary Network and Magnetic Field Structures Revealed with BISTRO in the High-Mass Star-Forming Region NGC2264 : Global Properties and Local Magnetogravitational Configurations

Author: Wang, Jia-Wei, Koch, Patrick M., Clarke, Seamus D., Fuller, Gary, Peretto, Nicolas, Tang, Ya-Wen, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Lai, Shih-Ping, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Arzoumanian, Doris, Johnstone, Doug, Furuya, Ray, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Lee, Chang Won, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Gouellec, Valentin J. M. Le, Liu, Hong-Li, Fanciullo, Lapo, Hwang, Jihye, Pattle, Kate, Poidevin, Frédérick, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Onaka, Takashi, Rawlings, Mark G., Chung, Eun Jung, Liu, Junhao, Lyo, A-Ran, Priestley, Felix, Hoang, Thiem, Tamura, Motohide, Berry, David, Bastien, Pierre, Ching, Tao-Chung, Coudé, Simon, Kwon, Woojin, Chen, Mike, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Soam, Archana, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Qiu, Keping, Bourke, Tyler L., Byun, Do-Young, Chen, Zhiwei, Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien, Chen, Wen Ping, Cho, Jungyeon, Choi, Minho, Choi, Yunhee, Choi, Youngwoo, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Dai, Sophia, Di Francesco, James, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Doi, Yasuo, Duan, Yan, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Eden, David, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M., Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hayashi, Saeko, Houde, Martin, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Könyves, Vera, Kang, Ji-hyun, Kang, Miju, Karoly, Janik, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kawabata, Koji, Khan, Zacariyya, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kim, Kee-Tae, Kim, Kyoung Hee, Kim, Shinyoung, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hyosung, Kim, Gwanjeong, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kirk, Jason, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Kusune, Takayoshi, Kwon, Jungmi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lee, Hyeseung, Lee, Jeong-Eun, Lee, Chin-Fei, Li, Dalei, Li, Hua-bai, Li, Guangxing, Li, Di, Lin, Sheng-Jun, Liu, Tie, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Lu, Xing, Mairs, Steve, Matsumura, Masafumi, Matthews, Brenda, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Ngoc, Nguyen Bich, Park, Geumsook, Parsons, Harriet, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Qian, Lei, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Jonathan, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Sadavoy, Sarah, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Seta, Masumichi, Sharma, Ekta, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tang, Xindi, Thuong, Hoang Duc, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tram, Le Ngoc, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Whitworth, Anthony, Wu, Jintai, Xie, Jinjin, Yang, Meng-Zhe, Yoo, Hyunju, Yuan, Jinghua, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Zhang, Yapeng, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhu, Lei, de Looze, Ilse, André, Philippe, Dowell, C. Darren, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Robitaille, Jean-François, and van Loo, Sven
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We report 850 $\mu$m continuum polarization observations toward the filamentary high-mass star-forming region NGC 2264, taken as part of the B-fields In STar forming Regions Observations (BISTRO) large program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). These data reveal a well-structured non-uniform magnetic field in the NGC 2264C and 2264D regions with a prevailing orientation around 30 deg from north to east. Field strengths estimates and a virial analysis for the major clumps indicate that NGC 2264C is globally dominated by gravity while in 2264D magnetic, gravitational, and kinetic energies are roughly balanced. We present an analysis scheme that utilizes the locally resolved magnetic field structures, together with the locally measured gravitational vector field and the extracted filamentary network. From this, we infer statistical trends showing that this network consists of two main groups of filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to one another. Additionally, gravity shows one dominating converging direction that is roughly perpendicular to one of the filament orientations, which is suggestive of mass accretion along this direction. Beyond these statistical trends, we identify two types of filaments. The type-I filament is perpendicular to the magnetic field with local gravity transitioning from parallel to perpendicular to the magnetic field from the outside to the filament ridge. The type-II filament is parallel to the magnetic field and local gravity. We interpret these two types of filaments as originating from the competition between radial collapsing, driven by filament self-gravity, and the longitudinal collapsing, driven by the region's global gravity., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 43 pages, 32 figures, and 4 tables (including Appendix)
Published: 2024

25. The VLBA CANDELS GOODS-North Survey. I -- Survey Design, Processing, Data Products, and Source Counts

Author: Deane, Roger P., Radcliffe, Jack F., Njeri, Ann, Akoto-Danso, Alexander, Bernardi, Gianni, Smirnov, Oleg M., Beswick, Rob, Garrett, Michael A., Jarvis, Matt J., Whittam, Imogen H., Bourke, Stephen, and Paragi, Zsolt
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The past decade has seen significant advances in wide-field cm-wave very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which is timely given the wide-area, synoptic survey-driven strategy of major facilities across the electromagnetic spectrum. While wide-field VLBI poses significant post-processing challenges that can severely curtail its potential scientific yield, many developments in the km-scale connected-element interferometer sphere are directly applicable to addressing these. Here we present the design, processing, data products, and source counts from a deep (11 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$), quasi-uniform sensitivity, contiguous wide-field (160 arcmin$^2$) 1.6 GHz VLBI survey of the CANDELS GOODS-North field. This is one of the best-studied extragalactic fields at milli-arcsecond resolution and, therefore, is well-suited as a comparative study for our Tera-pixel VLBI image. The derived VLBI source counts show consistency with those measured in the COSMOS field, which broadly traces the AGN population detected in arcsecond-scale radio surveys. However, there is a distinctive flattening in the $ S_{\rm 1.4GHz}\sim$100-500 $\mu$Jy flux density range, which suggests a transition in the population of compact faint radio sources, qualitatively consistent with the excess source counts at 15 GHz that is argued to be an unmodelled population of radio cores. This survey approach will assist in deriving robust VLBI source counts and broadening the discovery space for future wide-field VLBI surveys, including VLBI with the Square Kilometre Array, which will include new large field-of-view antennas on the African continent at $\gtrsim$1000~km baselines. In addition, it may be useful in the design of both monitoring and/or rapidly triggered VLBI transient programmes., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published: 2024

26. A deep search for large complex organic species toward IRAS16293-2422 B at 3 mm with ALMA

Author: Nazari, P., Cheung, J. S. Y., Asensio, J. Ferrer, Murillo, N. M., van Dishoeck, E. F., Jørgensen, J. K., Bourke, T. L., Chuang, K. -J., Drozdovskaya, M. N., Fedoseev, G., Garrod, R. T., Ioppolo, S., Linnartz, H., McGuire, B. A., Müller, H. S. P., Qasim, D., and Wampfler, S. F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected ubiquitously in protostellar systems. However, at shorter wavelengths (~0.8mm) it is more difficult to detect larger molecules than at longer wavelengths (~3mm) because of the increase of millimeter dust opacity, line confusion, and unfavorable partition function. We aim to search for large molecules (>8 atoms) in the ALMA Band 3 spectrum of IRAS 16293-2422 B. We search for more than 70 molecules and identify as many lines as possible in the spectrum. The spectral settings were set to specifically target three-carbon species such as propanol and glycerol. We identify lines of 31 molecules including many oxygen-bearing COMs such as CH3OH and c-C2H4O and a few nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing ones such as HOCH2CN and CH3SH. The largest detected molecules are gGg-(CH2OH)2 and CH3COCH3. We do not detect glycerol or propanol but provide upper limits for them which are in line with previous laboratory and observational studies. The line density in Band 3 is only ~2.5 times lower in frequency space than in Band 7. From the detected lines in Band 3 at a $\gtrsim 6\sigma$ level, ~25-30% of them could not be identified indicating the need for more laboratory data of rotational spectra. We find similar column densities and column density ratios of COMs (within a factor ~2) between Band 3 and Band 7. The effect of dust optical depth for IRAS 16293-2422 B at an off-source location on column densities and column density ratios is minimal. Moreover, for warm protostars, long wavelength spectra are not only crowded, but also take longer integration times to reach the same sensitivity limit. The 3mm search has not yet resulted in detection of larger and more complex molecules in warm sources. A full deep ALMA Band 2-3 (i.e., 3-4 mm) survey is needed to assess whether low frequency data have the potential to reveal more complex molecules in warm sources., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024
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27. Shifting language in emergency management: From 'vulnerability' to 'authenticity'

Author: Bourke, Sharon
Published: 2024

28. Understanding observable historical pest dynamics through a data rescue approach

Author: O’Donnell, Ultan, McGee, Conor Francis, Bourke, Andy, and M Yearsley, Jon
Published: 2025
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29. Scalable intracellular delivery via microfluidic vortex shedding enhances the function of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells

Author: Brandon J. Sytsma, Vincent Allain, Struan Bourke, Fairuz Faizee, Mohsen Fathi, Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, W. Jared Brewer, Lian Li, Fong L. Pan, Allison G. Rothrock, William A. Nyberg, Zhongmei Li, Leah H. Wilson, Rebecca Berdeaux, Justin Eyquem, and Ryan S. Pawell
Subjects: CRISPR, AAV, Cell therapy, Gene editing, Microfluidics, Vortex shedding, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Adoptive chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is transformative and approved for hematologic malignancies. It is also being developed for the treatment of solid tumors, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, and aging. Despite unprecedented clinical outcomes, CAR-T and other engineered cell therapies face a variety of manufacturing and safety challenges. Traditional methods, such as lentivirus transduction and electroporation, result in random integration or cause significant cellular damage, which can limit the safety and efficacy of engineered cell therapies. We present hydroporation as a gentle and effective alternative for intracellular delivery. Hydroporation resulted in 1.7- to 2-fold higher CAR-T yields compared to electroporation with superior cell viability and recovery. Hydroporated cells exhibited rapid proliferation, robust target cell lysis, and increased pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokine secretion in addition to improved CAR-T yield by day 5 post-transfection. We demonstrate that scaled-up hydroporation can process 5 × 108 cells in less than 10 s, showcasing the platform as a viable solution for high-yield CAR-T manufacturing with the potential for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Published: 2025
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30. The effectiveness of providing training and ongoing support to foster cultural humility in volunteers serving as mentors to youth of color: a mixed-methods study protocol

Author: Bernadette Sánchez, Amy J. Anderson, Carla Herrera, David L. DuBois, Kay Thursby Bourke, Jean K. Sack, So Jung Lee, Karen Burchwell, Lidia Y. Monjaras-Gaytan, and Yesenia Garcia-Murillo
Subjects: Youth mentoring, Clinical trial, Study protocol, Cultural humility, Training, Diversity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background The aim of this randomized control trial is to test the impact of providing additional training and support to volunteers who are paired with youth of color in the Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) community-based mentoring program. The aim of the intervention activities is to enhance the capacity of mentors to have more culturally responsive and informed interactions with their mentees of color, thereby strengthening the youth’s ethnic/racial identity and abilities to both cope with experiences of racism and contribute to causes that advance social justice. Methods Recruitment started in June 2022, with a goal of enrolling 240 dyads (i.e., “matches”), each consisting of a volunteer mentor and a youth of color aged 9- to 17-years old with whom they were paired through BBBS. Each match is assigned randomly to receive either standard BBBS services or to services that incorporate the intervention activities (i.e., approximately 3 h of initial training that is then supplemented with booster emails and in the context of the contacts that case managers have with mentors routinely in the program). The BBBS staff who are responsible for delivering the enhancements receive preparatory training as well as ongoing support with implementation. The study has a mixed-methods design. Survey data, on outcomes (e.g., ethnic/racial identity, sense of mattering, efficacy) aligned with the theory of change, are collected at multiple time points within 12 months from mentors, youth and their parent/guardian, and BBBS staff. Multiple qualitative interviews are conducted with a subset of youth, mentors, parents and BBBS staff to examine how the intervention works and how it impacts relationship development and youth outcomes over time. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data will aim to better understand whether and how the intervention works with respect to its potential influence on mentor attitudes (e.g., cultural humility), mentor-youth interactions, and emergent identities and capacities that have well-documented importance for the resilience and well-being of youth of color. Discussion This culturally tailored training and support intervention for volunteer mentors may be one way to increase the effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth of color. Study findings will have implications for youth mentoring programs and for other settings (e.g., schools, after school programs) in which children and adolescents form relationships with adults. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov —Clinical Trial #NCT05391711; original 05.21.2022; Amendment 07.01.2022: study status was updated and more details were provided on outcome measures; Amendment 11/13/2022: sample size was modified, a few mentor outcome measures were added in the 12-months survey, the timing of a mentor measure was updated.
Published: 2025
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31. A new species of land snail, Xanthomelon amurndamilumila, from the North East Isles off Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae)

Author: Köhler, Frank, Willan, Richard C, Bourke, Adam J, Barden, Paul, Shea, Michael, and Pensoft Publishers
Subjects: Distribution, Gastropoda, Helicoidea, Pulmonata, taxonomy
Published: 2024

32. IPA: Class 0 Protostars Viewed in CO Emission Using JWST

Author: Rubinstein, Adam E., Evans II, Neal J., Tyagi, Himanshu, Narang, Mayank, Nazari, Pooneh, Gutermuth, Robert, Federman, Samuel, Manoj, P., Green, Joel D., Watson, Dan M., Megeath, S. Thomas, Rocha, Will R. M., Brunken, Nashanty G. C., Slavicinska, Katerina, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Beuther, Henrik, Bourke, Tyler L., Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Hartmann, Lee, Klaassen, Pamela, Linz, Hendrik, Looney, Leslie W., Muzerolle, James, Stanke, Thomas, Tobin, John J., Wolk, Scott J., and Yang, Yao-Lun
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We investigate the bright CO fundamental emission in the central regions of five protostars in their primary mass assembly phase using new observations from JWST's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). CO line emission images and fluxes are extracted for a forest of $\sim$150 ro-vibrational transitions from two vibrational bands, $v=1-0$ and $v=2-1$. However, ${}^{13}$CO is undetected, indicating that ${}^{12}$CO emission is optically thin. We use H$_2$ emission lines to correct fluxes for extinction and then construct rotation diagrams for the CO lines with the highest spectral resolution and sensitivity to estimate rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules. Two distinct rotational temperature components are required for $v=1$ ($\sim600$ to 1000 K and 2000 to $\sim 10^4$ K), while one hotter component is required for $v=2$ ($\gtrsim 3500$ K). ${}^{13}$CO is depleted compared to the abundances found in the ISM, indicating selective UV photodissociation of ${}^{13}$CO; therefore, UV radiative pumping may explain the higher rotational temperatures in $v=2$. The average vibrational temperature is $\sim 1000$ K for our sources and is similar to the lowest rotational temperature components. Using the measured rotational and vibrational temperatures to infer a total number of CO molecules, we find that the total gas masses range from lower limits of $\sim10^{22}$ g for the lowest mass protostars to $\sim 10^{26}$ g for the highest mass protostars. Our gas mass lower limits are compatible with those in more evolved systems, which suggest the lowest rotational temperature component comes from the inner disk, scattered into our line of sight, but we also cannot exclude the contribution to the CO emission from disk winds for higher mass targets., Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, received to ApJ December 10 2023, accepted to ApJ August 4 2024
Published: 2023

33. Discovery of a collimated jet from the low luminosity protostar IRAS 16253$-$2429 in a quiescent accretion phase with the JWST

Author: Narang, Mayank, P., Manoj, Tyagi, Himanshu, Watson, Dan M., Megeath, S. Thomas, Federman, Samuel, Rubinstein, Adam E., Gutermuth, Robert, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Beuther, Henrik, Bourke, Tyler L., Van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Evans II, Neal J., Anglada, Guillem, Osorio, Mayra, Stanke, Thomas, Muzerolle, James, Looney, Leslie W., Yang, Yao-Lun, Tobin, John J., Klaassen, Pamela, Karnath, Nicole, Atnagulov, Prabhani, Brunken, Nashanty, Fischer, William J., Furlan, Elise, Green, Joel, Habel, Nolan, Hartmann, Lee, Linz, Hendrik, Nazari, Pooneh, Pokhrel, Riwaj, Rahatgaonkar, Rohan, Rocha, Will R. M., Sheehan, Patrick, Slavicinska, Katerina, Stutz, Amelia, Tychoniec, Lukasz, and Wolk, Scott
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) is a JWST Cycle~1 GO program that uses NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS to obtain 2.9--28~$\mu$m spectral cubes of young, deeply embedded protostars with luminosities of 0.2 to 10,000~L$_{\odot}$ and central masses of 0.15 to 12~M$_{\odot}$. In this Letter, we report the discovery of a highly collimated atomic jet from the Class~0 protostar IRAS~16253$-$2429, the lowest luminosity source ($L_\mathrm{bol}$ = 0.2 $L_\odot$) in the IPA program. The collimated jet is detected in multiple [Fe~II] lines, [Ne~II], [Ni~II], and H~I lines, but not in molecular emission. The atomic jet has a velocity of about 169~$\pm$~15~km\,s$^{-1}$, after correcting for inclination. The width of the jet increases with distance from the central protostar from 23 to~60 au, corresponding to an opening angle of 2.6~$\pm$~0.5\arcdeg. By comparing the measured flux ratios of various fine structure lines to those predicted by simple shock models, we derive a shock {speed} of 54~km\,s$^{-1}$ and a preshock density of 2.0$\times10^{3}$~cm$^{-3}$ at the base of the jet. {From these quantities and using a suite of jet models and extinction laws we compute a mass loss rate between $0.4 -1.1\times10^{-10}~M_{\odot}$~yr~$^{-1}$.} The low mass loss rate is consistent with simultaneous measurements of low mass accretion rate ($2.4~\pm~0.8~\times~10^{-9}~M_{\odot}$~yr$^{-1}$) for IRAS~16253$-$2429 from JWST observations (Watson et al. in prep), indicating that the protostar is in a quiescent accretion phase. Our results demonstrate that very low-mass protostars can drive highly collimated, atomic jets, even during the quiescent phase., Comment: Accepted to ApJL. Comments and feedback welcome
Published: 2023

34. Investigating Protostellar Accretion-Driven Outflows Across the Mass Spectrum: JWST NIRSpec IFU 3-5~$\mu$m Spectral Mapping of Five Young Protostars

Author: Federman, Samuel, Megeath, S. Thomas, Rubinstein, Adam E., Gutermuth, Robert, Narang, Mayank, Tyagi, Himanshu, Manoj, P., Anglada, Guillem, Atnagulov, Prabhani, Beuther, Henrik, Bourke, Tyler L., Brunken, Nashanty, Garatti, Alessio Caratti o, Evans II, Neal J., Fischer, William J., Furlan, Elise, Green, Joel, Habel, Nolan, Hartmann, Lee, Karnath, Nicole, Klaassen, Pamela, Linz, Hendrik, Looney, Leslie W., Osorio, Mayra, Page, James Muzerolle, Pokhrel, Riwaj, Rahatgaonkar, Rohan, Rocha, Will R. M., Sheehan, Patrick, Slavicinska, Katerina, Stanke, Thomas, Stutz, Amelia M., Tobin, John J., Tychoniec, Lukasz, Van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Watson, Dan M., Wolk, Scott, and Yang, Yao-Lun
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Investigating Protostellar Accretion is a Cycle 1 JWST program using the NIRSpec+MIRI integral field units to obtain 2.9--28 $\mu$m spectral cubes of five young protostars with luminosities of 0.2-10,000 L$_{\odot}$ in their primary accretion phase. This paper introduces the NIRSpec 2.9--5.3 $\mu$m data of the inner 840-9000 au with spatial resolutions from 28-300 au. The spectra show rising continuum emission; deep ice absorption; emission from H$_{2}$, H~I, and [Fe~II]; and the CO fundamental series in emission and absorption. Maps of the continuum emission show scattered light cavities for all five protostars. In the cavities, collimated jets are detected in [Fe~II] for the four $< 320$~L$_{\odot}$ protostars, two of which are additionally traced in Br-$\alpha$. Knots of [Fe~II] emission are detected toward the most luminous protostar, and knots of [FeII] emission with dynamical times of $< 30$~yrs are found in the jets of the others. While only one jet is traced in H$_2$, knots of H$_2$ and CO are detected in the jets of four protostars. H$_2$ is seen extending through the cavities, showing that they are filled by warm molecular gas. Bright H$_2$ emission is seen along the walls of a single cavity, while in three cavities narrow shells of H$_2$ emission are found, one of which has an [Fe~II] knot at its apex. These data show cavities containing collimated jets traced in atomic/ionic gas surrounded by warm molecular gas in a wide-angle wind and/or gas accelerated by bow shocks in the jets., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2023
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35. Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trialResearch in context

Author: O. Abani, A. Abbas, F. Abbas, J. Abbas, K. Abbas, M. Abbas, S. Abbasi, H. Abbass, A. Abbott, N. Abdallah, A. Abdelaziz, M. Abdelfattah, B. Abdelqader, A. Abdul, B. Abdul, S. Abdul, A. Abdul Rasheed, A. Abdulakeem, R. Abdul-Kadir, A. Abdullah, A. Abdulmumeen, R. Abdul-Raheem, N. Abdulshukkoor, K. Abdusamad, Y. Abed El Khaleq, M. Abedalla, A. Abeer Ul Amna, L. Abel, K. Abernethy, M. Abeywickrema, C. Abhinaya, A. Abidin, A. Aboaba, A. Aboagye-Odei, C. Aboah, H. Aboelela, H. Abo-Leyah, K. Abouelela, A. Abou-Haggar, M. Abouibrahim, A. Abousamra, M. Abouzaid, M. Abraham, T. Abraham, A. Abraheem, J. Abrams, R. Abrams, H.J. Abu, A. Abu-Arafeh, S.M. Abubacker, A. Abung, Y. Abusamra, Y. Aceampong, A. Achara, D. Acharya, F. Acheampong, P. Acheampong, S. Acheampong, J. Acheson, S. Achieng, A. Acosta, R. Acquah, C. Acton, J. Adabie-Ankrah, P. Adair, A.S. Adam, F. Adam, M. Adam, H. Adamali, M. Adamczyk, C. Adams, D. Adams, K. Adams, L. Adams, N. Adams, R. Adams, T. Adams, L. Adamu-Ikeme, K. Adatia, K. Adcock, L. Addai-Boampong, A. Addo, O. Adeagbo, A. Adebiyi, O. Adedeji, Y. Adegeye, K. Adegoke, V. Adell, S. Adenwalla, F.W. Adeoye, O.A. Adesemoye, E.O. Adewunmi, A. Adeyanju, J. Adeyemi, T. Adeyemo, B. Adhikari, S.A. Adhikari, R. Adhikary, A. Aditya, P. Adjepong, G. Adkins, A. Adnan, M. Adriaanse, J. Aeron-Thomas, D. Affleck, C. Afnan, M. Afridi, P. Afrim, F.A. Afriyie, Z.A. Aftab, A. Afum-Adjei Awuah, M. Agarwal, P.N. Agasiya, R. Agbeko, C. Agbo, S. Aggarwal, A. Aghababaie, L. Aguilar Jimenez, J.A. Agyekum, K. Agyen, E.K. Ahadome, S. Ahamed Sadiq, M.H. Ahammed Nazeer, M. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, B.A.R. Ahmed, B. Ahmed, F. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, I. Ahmed, K. Ahmed, L. Ahmed, M. Ahmed, M.C. Ahmed, M.S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, O. Ahmed, R.A. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, S. Ahmed, S.G. Ahmed, S.H. Ahmed, R. Ahmed Ali, B. Ahmed Mohamud, S. Ahmer, A. Ahonia, C. Aidoo, C. Aiken, D. Ail, M. Ainsworth, M. Aissa, L. Aitken, B. Ajay, A. Ajibode, A. Ajmi, N. Akhtar, S. Akili, B. Akinbiyi, O. Akindolie, Y. 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Skinner, V. Skinner, A. Skorko, I. Skorupinska, M. Skorupinska, A. Slack, K. Slack, H. Slade, M. Slade, L. Slater, N. Slawson, R. Slingsby, A. Sloan, B. Sloan, D. Sloan, G. Sloane, M. Slowinska, B. Small, E. Small, S. Small, A. Smallridge, D. Smalls, K.D. Smallshaw, A. Smallwood, B. Smart, L. Smart, J. Smeaton, C. Smit, A. Smith, C. Smith, D. Smith, E. Smith, H. Smith, I. Smith, J. Smith, K. Smith, L. Smith, M. Smith, M.A. Smith, N. Smith, O. Smith, P. Smith, R. Smith, S. Smith, T. Smith, V. Smith, S. Smolen, S. Smuts, N. Smyth, A. Snell, D. Snell, L. Snell, A. So, B. So, M. Soan, R.F. Sobama, T. Sobande, S. Sobowiec Kouman, A. Sobrino Diaz, B. Sohail, H. Sohal, R. Soiza, O. Solademi, B. Soleimani, A. Solesbury, M. Soliman, B. Solis, R. Solly, L. Solomon, S. Somalanka, C. Somashekar, S. Sommerfield, G. Soni, R. Sonia, T. Sonoiki, S.-C. Soo, P. Soor, G. Soothill, J. Soren, A. Sothinathan, P. Sothirajah, J. Sousa, N. Soussi, D. Southam, D. Southern, I. Southern, L. Southern, S.M. Southin, J. Southwell, T. Southworth, S. Sowden, J. Sowter, C. Spalding, E. Spata, C. Speare, K. Spears, M. Spears, L. Speirs, S. Speirs, M. Spence, N. Spence, B. Spencer, G. Spencer, R. Spencer, S. Spencer, T. Spencer, H. Spickett, J. Spillane, W. Spiller, K. Spinks, M. Spinks, N. Spittle, S. Spray, J. Spriggs, O. Spring, G. Squires, J. Squires, R. Squires, R. Sreenivasan, S. Sreenivasan, M. Sri, K. Sri Paranthamen, R. Srikantaiah, K. Srinivasan, R. Srinivasan, A. Srirajamadhuveeti, V. Srirathan, S.K. Ssiabi, R. Stacey, S. Stacpoole, L. Stadon, W.J. Stagg, J. Staines, N. Staines, K. Stammers, R. Stanciu, G. Stanczuk, T. Standley, B. Staniforth, A. Stanton, L. Stanton, R. Staples, S. Stapley, N. Staplin, A. Stark, E. Starkey, D.S. Starnes, M. Starr, R. Stead, C. Stebbing, C. Steele, H. Steer, J. Steer, V. Stefania, P. Stefanowska, F. Steffensen, C. Stemp, E. Stenson, A. Stephens, D. Stephensen, E. Stephenson, M. Sterrenburg, J. Stevens, M. Stevens, W. Stevens, A. Stevenson, L. Stevenson, S. Stevenson, M. Steward, C. Stewart, D.A. Stewart, K. Stewart, M. Stewart, R. Stewart, J. Stickley, G. Stiller, S. Stirrup, S. Stock, A. Stockdale, D. Stocker, L. Stockham, P. Stockton, E. Stoddard, K. Stoffberg, C. Stokes, B. Stone, R. Stone, S. Stone, E.-J. Stoner, I. Storey, K. Storton, F. Stourton, A. Strachan, C. Strait, E. Stratton, J. Stratton, S. Straw, D. Streit, E. Stride, S. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, S. Struik, C. Stuart, A. Stubbs, H. Stubbs, A. Sturdy, S. Sturney, M. Stuttard, C. Suarez, K. Subba, C.P. Subbe, K. Subramaniam, M. Subramanian, V. Subramanian, C. Subudhi, R. Suckling, S. Sudershan, P. Sugden, P.A. Suherman, R. Sukla, A. Sukumaran, E. Suleiman, A. Suliman, F. Suliman, S. Sultan, U. Sumardi, S. Sundar, R. Sundaram, R. Sundhar, E. Sung, N. Sunni, J. Suntharalingam, A. Sur, D. Suresh, N. Suresh, S. Suresh, M. Surtees, C. Susan, D. Suter, R. Suthar, H. Sutherland, R. Sutherland, S. Sutherland, D. Sutinyte, D. Sutton, S. Sutton, M. Sutu, M.-L. Svensson, S. Svirpliene, A. Swain, R. Swain, T. Swaine, C. Swales, C. Swanson-Low, T. Swart, S. Sweetman, E. Swift, P. Swift, R. Swift, R. Swingler, S. Swinhoe, K. Swist-Szulik, L. Swithenbank, O. Syed, C. Sykes, D. Sykes, E. Sykes, L. Sylvester, D. Symington, D. Symon, A. Syndercombe, Z. Syrimi, J. Syson, G. Szabo, D. Szabó, T. Szakmany, N. Szarazova, M. Szekely, A. Szekeres, M. Szeto, K. Szymiczek, M. Tabish, M. Tadros, A. Tageldin, L. Tague, H. Tahir, M. Tahir, M. Tai, J. Tait, A. Takyi, P. Talbot, A. Talbot-Smith, J. Talbot-Ponsonby, R. Tallent, B. Tallon, A. Talukdar, A. Tan, B.T. Tan, H. Tan, J. Tan, J.S. Tan, K. Tan, W.T. Tan, A. Tana, A. Tanner, C. Tanney, T. Tanqueray, E. Tanton, A. Tantri, T. Tanzil-Al-Imran, H. Tarft, P. Taribagil, O. Tarin, S. Tariq, D. Tarpey, E. Tarr, L. Tarrant, A. Tasiou, A. Tate, M. Tate, M.L. Tate, P. Tate, K. Tatham, S.S. Tavares, V. Tavoukjian, S.A.I. Tay, A. Taylor, B. Taylor, C. Taylor, C.A. Taylor, D. Taylor, E. Taylor, H. Taylor, J. Taylor, K. 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Thompson, R. Thompson, Y. Thompson, B.G. Thomson, N. Thomson, P. Thorburn, N. Thorn, C. Thorne, N. Thorne, A. Thornton, D. Thornton, J. Thornton, R. Thornton, S. Thornton, T. Thornton, C. Thorpe, N. Thorpe, S. Thorpe, P. Thozthumparambil, L. Thrasyvoulou, H. Thraves, N. Thu, N.M. Thu, G. Thueux, N. Thuong, P. Thu-Ta, D. Thuy, D.T.T. Thuy, V. Thwaiotes, C. Thwaites, C.L. Thwaites, G. Thwaites, S. Tiberi, S. Tieger, C. Tierney, M. Tighe, S. Tilbey, C. Till, A. Tiller, H. Tiller, J. Timerick, E. Timlick, A. Timmins, A. Timmis, H. Timms, A.-M. Timoroksa, S. Tinashe, S. Tingley, N. Tinker, H. Tinkler, M. Tinkler, J. Tipper, A. Tirumalai Adisesh, H. Tivenan, K. Tluchowska, H. T-Michael, A. Todd, J. Todd, S. Todd, O. Toffoletti, M. Tohfa, S. Tohill, M. Tolson, A. Tomas, N. Tomasova, S. Tomlin, S. Tomlins, J. Tomlinson, K. Tomlinson, J. Tonkin, I. Tonna, C. Toohey, K. Topham, M. Topping, A. Torokwa, C. Torrance, O. Touma, L. Tous Sampol, R. Tousis, M. Tout, P. Tovey, G. Towersey, J. 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Vass, K. Vassell, V. Vasu, V. Vasudevan, M. Vatish, S. Vaughan, H. Vayalaman, D. Vayapooree, C. Vaz, N. Veale, S. Veerasamy, S. Velankar, L. Velauthar, N. Veli, N. Vella, A. Velugupati, A. Velusamy, I. Venables, M. Venditti, R. Venkataramakrishnan, R. Venn, M. Venter, L. Ventilacion, J. Vere, M. Veres, S. Vergnano, W. Verling, A. Verma, R. Vernall, B. Vernon, M. Vertue, L. Verueco, J. Verula, A. Veterini, N. Vethanayagam, S. Vettikumaran, L. Veys, C. Vickers, S. Victor, S. Victoria, C. Vidaillic, C.P. Vidaillac, J. Vidler, B. Vijayakumar, V.W. Vijayaraghavan Nalini, B. Vilcinskaite, A. Vileito, N. Vilimiene, L. Vinall, S. Vinay, L. Vinayakarao, O. Vincent, R. Vincent, N.Q. Vinh, P. Virdee, E. Virgilio, A.M. Virk, E. Visentin, M. Vitaglione, K. Vithian, S. Vittoria, S. Vivekananthan, E. Vlad, B. Vlies, L. von Oven, C. Vooght, K.T. Vu Thai, K. Vutipongsatorn, A. Vuylsteke, E. Vyras, R. Wach, B. Wadams, S. Wadd, N. Waddington, P. Wade, J. Wadsley, K. Wadsworth, S.E.I. Wafa, D. Wagstaff, L. Wagstaff, D. Wahab, Z. Wahbi, A. Waheed Adigun, S. Waidyanatha, A. Waite, R. Wake, A. Wakefield, W. Wakeford, F. Wakinshaw, E. Waldeck, A. Walden, L. Walding, A. Waldron, J. Waldron, E. Wales, B. Wali, D. Walker, G. Walker, H. Walker, I. Walker, K. Walker, L. Walker, O. Walker, R. Walker, S. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Wallbutton, J. Wallen, K. Wallendszus, A. Waller, R. Waller, G. Wallis, L. Wallis, M. Wallis, E. Walmsley, D. Walsh, E. Walsh, L. Walsh, D. Walstow, D. Walter, A. Walters, H. Walters, J. Walters, E. Walton, L. Walton, M. Walton, O. Walton, S. Walton, M. Wan, J. Wanda, M. Wands, R. Wane, F. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, S. Wang, D. Warbrick, S. Warburton, C. Ward, D. Ward, E. Ward, H. Ward, J. Ward, L. Ward, N. Ward, R. Ward, T. Ward, S.A. Warden, G. Wardere, S. Wardle, H. Wardy, G. Waring, S. Waring, J. Warmington, B. Warner, C. Warner, L. Warnock, S. Warran, J. Warren, L. Warren, R. Warren, Y. Warren, D. Warrender, H. Warren-Miell, A. Warris, G. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Wasserman, E. Wasson, H.J. Watchorn, H. Waterfall, A. Waters, D. Waters, M. Waterstone, A. Watkin, C. Watkins, E. Watkins, K. Watkins, L. Watkins, A. Watson, A.J.R. Watson, E. Watson, F. Watson, J.G.R. Watson, L. Watson, P. Watson, R. Watson, K. Watson, M. Watters, D. Watterson, K. Wattimena, D. Watts, J. Watts, M. Watts, V. Waugh, E. Wayman, M. Wayman, A. Wazir, M. Weatherhead, N. Weatherly, C. Webb, H. Webb, K. Webb, S. Webb, C. Websdale, D. Webster, I. Webster, J. Webster, T. Webster, J. Wedlin, L. Wee, R. Weerakoon, T. Weerasinghe, J. Weeratunga, M. Weetman, S. Wei, I. Weichert, E. Welch, H. Welch, J. Welch, L. Welch, S. Welch, B. Welham, S. Weller, L. Wellings, B. Wells, S. Wellstead, B. Welsh, R. Welsh, I. Welters, R. Welton, V. Wenn, L. Wentworth, J. Wesonga, K. Wesseldine, J. West, M. West, R. West, S. West, L. Western, R. Westhead, H. Weston, A. Westwood, K. Westwood, S. Westwood, B. Wetherill, S. Wheaver, H. Wheeler, B. Whelan, M. Whelband, A. Whileman, A. Whitcher, A. White, B. White, C. White, D. White, J. White, K. White, M. White, N. White, S. White, T. White, C. Whitehead, K. Whitehorn, A. Whitehouse, C. Whitehouse, T. Whitehouse, J. Whiteley, L. Whiteley, S. Whiteley, R. Whitham, G. Whitlingum, D. Whitmore, E. Whittaker, L. Whittam, A. Whittington, H. Whittle, R. Whittle, E. Wiafe, L. Wiblin, O. Wickens, J. Widdrington, J. Wieboldt, H. Wieringa, C. Wiesender, L. Wiffen, A. Wight, A. Wignall, C. Wignall, A. Wilce, D. Wilcock, E. Wilcock, L. Wilcox, B. Wild, L. Wild, S. Wild, M. Wilde, L. Wilding, P. Wilding, T. Wildsmith, J. Wileman, J. Wiles, K. Wiles, E. Wilhelmsen, T. Wiliams, J. Wilkie, D. Wilkin, H. Wilkins, J. Wilkins, S. Wilkins, I. Wilkinson, L. Wilkinson, N. Wilkinson, S. Wilkinson, T. Wilkinson, S. Willetts, A. Williams, C. Williams, C.V. Williams, D. Williams, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. Williams, J. Williams, K. Williams, M. Williams, P. Williams, R. Williams, S. Williams, T. Williams, A. Williamson, C. Williamson, D. Williamson, J. Williamson, J.D. Williamson, R. Williamson, H. Williamson, E. Willis, H. Willis, J. Willis, L. Wills, L. Willsher, C. Willshire, F. Willson, J. Willson, A. Wilson, B. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, K.-A. Wilson, L. Wilson, M. Wilson, S. Wilson, T. Wilson, K.L.Y. Win, M. Win, T. Win, T.T. Win, W.Y.W. Win, L. Winckworth, L. Winder, P. Winder, S. Winearl, H. Winmill, S. Winn, C. Winpenny, H. Winslow, H. Winter, J. Winter, B. Winter-Goodwin, J. Winterton, H. Winwood, J. Wischhusen, S. Wisdom, M. Wise, M. Wiselka, R. Wiseman, S. Wiseman, S. Wishart, T. WIshlade, E. Witele, N. Withers, J. Wittes, D. Wixted, T. Wodehouse, W. Wolf, N. Wolff, K. Wolffsohn, R. Wolf-Roberts, E. Wolodimeroff, A. Wolstencroft, A. Wong, C. Wong, C.-H. Wong, C.-M. Wong, E. Wong, J.S.Y. Wong, K.Y. Wong, M.Y. Wong, N. Wong, S. Wong, T. Wong, A.A. Wongkyezeng, A. Wood, C. Wood, D. Wood, F. Wood, G. Wood, H. Wood, J. Wood, L. Wood, M. Wood, S. Wood, T. Wood, K. Woodall, R. Woodfield, C. Woodford, E. Woodford, J. Woodford, L. Woodhead, T. Woodhead, P. Woodland, M. Woodman, S. Woodmansey, C. Woods, J. Woods, K. Woods, S. Woods, Z. Woodward, M. Woolcock, G. Wooldridge, R. Woolf, C. Woollard, L. Woollen, E. Woolley, J. Woolley, D. Woosey, D. Wootton, J. Wootton, D. Worley, S. Worton, J. Wraight, M. Wray, K. Wren, L. Wren, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, D. Wright, F. Wright, H. Wright, I. Wright, L. Wright, R. Wright, S. Wright, T. Wright, C. Wroe, H. Wroe, H. Wu, P. Wu, J. Wubetu, F. Wulandari, R. Wulandari, S. Wurie, C. Wyatt, F. Wyn-Griffiths, I. Wynter, B. Xavier, A. Xhikola, B.E. Xia, Z. Xia, E. Yacoba, S. Yadav, M. Yakubi, M. Yan, Y. Yanagisawa, F. Yang, Y. Yang, M. Yanney, W.L. Yap, N. Yaqoob, S. Yasmin, B. Yates, D. Yates, E. Yates, H. Yates, T. Yates, M. Yates, J. Ye, C. Yearwood Martin, K. Yein, F. Yelnoorkar, L. Yen, L.M. Yen, A. Yeoh, C.Y. Yeung, P. Yew, D. Yewatkar, L. Ylquimiche Melly, I. Ynter, H. Yong, J. Yorke, J. Youens, A. Younes Ibrahim, E. Young, G. Young, L. Young, A. Yousafzar, S. Youssouf, A. Yousuf, H. Yovita, C. Yu, J.S.J. Yuan, N. Yufaniaputri, B. Yung, D. Yusef, S. Yusef, I. Yusuf, A.-S. Zafar, S. Zagalo, S. Zaher, A. Zahoor, M. Zainab, T. Zak, K. Zaki, N. Zakir, K. Zalewska, A. Zamalloa, M. Zaman, S. Zaman, J. Zamikula, L. Zammit, M. Zammit-Mangion, M. Zawadzka, M. Zayed, E. Zebracki, D. Zehnder, L. Zeidan, D. Zeinali, J. Zhang, X. Zhao, D. Zheng, D. Zhu, M. Zia, O. Zibdeh, R. Zill-E-Huma, E.T. Zin, E. Zincone, G. Zindoga, E. Zinkin, V. Zinyemba, C. Zipitis, L. Zitter, A. Zmierczak, G. Zubikarai, A. Zubir, N. Zuhra, R. Zulaikha, S. Zulfikar, C. Zullo, and A. Zuriaga-Alvaro
Subjects: COVID-19, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Mortality, Clinical trial, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Low dose corticosteroids (e.g., 6 mg dexamethasone) have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients. We have previously reported that higher dose corticosteroids cause harm in patients with clinical hypoxia but not receiving ventilatory support (the combination of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, including high-flow nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation), but the balance of efficacy and safety in patients receiving ventilatory support is uncertain. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) assessed multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality; secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalisation and (among participants not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline) the composite of invasive mechanical ventilation or death. Recruitment closed on 31 March 2024 when funding for the trial ended. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 9 January 2024, 477 COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids vs. usual care alone (of whom 99% received corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 221 (46%) were in Asia, 245 (51%) in the UK and 11 (2%) in Africa. 143 (30%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 86 (35%) of 246 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids vs. 86 (37%) of 231 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 0.87; 95% CI 0.64–1.18; p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (128 [52%] in the higher dose corticosteroids group vs. 120 [52%] in the usual care group; RR 1.04, 0.81–1.33]; p = 0.78). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, there was no clear reduction in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (76 [37%] of 206 vs. 93 [45%] of 205; RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–1.00]; p = 0.05). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving ventilatory support, we found no evidence that higher dose corticosteroids reduced the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056), and Wellcome Trust (Grant Ref: 222406/Z/20/Z).
Published: 2025
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36. Ramucirumab plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan as second-line treatment for patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: a review and meta-analysis of an emerging option.

Author: Park, Haeseong, Klempner, Samuel, Chao, Joseph, Wainberg, Zev, Lukanowski, Mariusz, Chenji, Suresh, Bourke, Shannon, Chatterjee, Anindya, and Lorenzen, Sylvie
Subjects: FOLFIRI, gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, irinotecan, ramucirumab, second-line
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to provide a review of the clinical evidence for use of ramucirumab (RAM) plus folinic acid (leucovorin), fluorouracil (5-FU), and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) or irinotecan as second-line treatment in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search of PubMed was performed to identify phase 2 clinical trials or retrospective studies using RAM plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan in GEA, including abstracts from major congresses, in addition to published manuscripts. An aggregated review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness (overall response rate [ORR] as primary outcome) and safety data of RAM plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan. ORR for each study was calculated with 95% confidence interval estimated from normal approximation. To generate the combined ORR with 95% confidence interval, random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize response data from available studies. RESULTS: Six studies were identified with non-overlapping populations, 3 phase 2 clinical trials and 3 retrospective studies. Across these studies the ORR ranged from 22% to 38%, and pooled ORR was 25.4%. Two of the 3 studies reported better ORR in patients pretreated with taxanes followed by RAM plus FOLFIRI. Treatment with RAM plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan was well tolerated. Neutropenia and diarrhea were the most common adverse events reported across studies. CONCLUSION: The studies examined in this review suggest that RAM plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan have activity in previously treated GEA irrespective of prior-taxane use. Overall, RAM plus FOLFIRI or irinotecan was well tolerated with no new safety concerns identified beyond established profiles for these regimens.
Published: 2024

37. First detection and initial distribution of 'Varroa' destructor in New South Wales, Australia - the first 100 days towards eradication

Author: Bourke, Rod, Page, Mark, Frost, Elizabeth A, Millynn, Bernard, Anderson, Chris, and Dominiak, Bernard Charles
Published: 2024

38. Different hierarchical reconfigurations in the brain by psilocybin and escitalopram for depression

Author: Deco, Gustavo, Sanz Perl, Yonatan, Johnson, Samuel, Bourke, Niamh, Carhart-Harris, Robin L., and Kringelbach, Morten L.
Published: 2024
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39. Towards on-skin analysis of sweat for managing disorders of substance abuse

Author: Brasier, Noe, Sempionatto, Juliane R., Bourke, Steven, Havenith, George, Schaffarczyk, Dietmar, Goldhahn, Jörg, Lüscher, Christian, and Gao, Wei
Published: 2024
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40. NAFLD and MAFLD independently increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): a 20-year longitudinal follow-up study from regional Australia

Author: Vaz, Karl, Kemp, William, Majeed, Ammar, Lubel, John, Magliano, Dianna J., Glenister, Kristen M., Bourke, Lisa, Simmons, David, and Roberts, Stuart K.
Published: 2024
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41. A resolved rotating disk wind from a young T Tauri star in the Bok globule CB26

Author: Launhardt, R., Pavlyuchenkov, Ya. N., Akimkin, V. V., Dutrey, A., Gueth, F., Guilloteau, S., Henning, Th., Pietu, V., Schreyer, K., Semenov, D., Stecklum, B., and Bourke, T. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The disk-outflow connection plays a key role in extracting excess angular momentum from a forming protostar. We have previously reported the discovery of a small molecular outflow from the edge-on T Tauri star in the Bok globule CB26 that shows a peculiar velocity pattern, reminiscent of an outflow that corotates with the disk. We report new, high-resolution mm-interferometric observations of CB26 with the aim of revealing the morphology and kinematics of the outflow at the disk-outflow interface. The IRAM PdBI was used to observe CO(2-1) at 1.3mm with a resolution of 0.5". Using a physical model of the disk, which was derived from the dust emission, we employed chemo-dynamical modeling combined with line radiative transfer to constrain kinematic parameters and to construct a model of the CO emission from the disk that allowed us to separate the emission of the disk from that of the outflow. Our observations confirm the disk-wind nature of the rotating molecular outflow from CB26. The new high-resolution data reveal an X-shaped morphology of the CO emission close to the disk, and vertical streaks extending from the disk surface with a small half-opening angle of ~7deg, which can be traced out to vertical heights of ~500au. We interpret this emission as the combination of the disk atmosphere and a well-collimated disk wind, which we trace down to vertical heights of 40au, where it is launched from the surface of the flared disk at radii of 20-45au. The observed CO outflow has a total momentum flux of 1e-5 Msun km/s/yr, which is nearly three orders of magnitude larger than the maximum thrust that can be provided by the luminosity of the central star. We conclude that photoevaporation cannot be the main driving mechanism for this outflow, but it must be predominantly an MHD disk wind. It is thus far the best-resolved rotating disk wind observed to be launched from a circumstellar disk., Comment: Accepted by A&A, 25 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2023
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42. Preliminary Observations of the 5 April 2024 Mw 4.8 New Jersey Earthquake

Author: Oliver S. Boyd, William D. Barnhart, James Bourke, Martin Chapman, Paul S. Earle, Guo‐chin Dino Huang, Jessica A. Thompson Jobe, Won‐Young Kim, Frederik Link, Mairi Litherland, Andrew Lloyd, Maureen D. Long, Sara McBride, Andrew J. Michael, Walter D. Mooney, Gregory S. Mountain, Sissy Nikolaou, Alexandros Savvaidis, Felix Waldhauser, Cecily J. Wolfe, and Clara Yoon
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: On 5 April 2024, 10:23 a.m. local time, a moment magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck Tewksbury Township, New Jersey, about 65 km west of New York City. Millions of people from Virginia to Maine and beyond felt the ground shaking, resulting in the largest number (>180,000) of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” reports of any earthquake. A team deployed by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association and the National Institute of Standards and Technology documented structural and nonstructural damage, including substantial damage to a historic masonry building in Lebanon, New Jersey. The USGS National Earthquake Information Center reported a focal depth of about 5 km, consistent with a lack of signal in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data. The focal mechanism solution is strike slip with a substantial thrust component. Neither mechanism’s nodal plane is parallel to the primary northeast trend of geologic discontinuities and mapped faults in the region, including the Ramapo fault. However, many of the relocated aftershocks, for which locations were augmented by temporary seismic deployments, form a cluster that parallels the general northeast trend of the faults. The aftershocks lie near the Tewksbury fault, north of the Ramapo fault.
Published: 2024
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43. The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Testosterone Concentration in Individuals Who are Obese or Have Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Rhiannon Healy, Rhiannon Patten, Carlie Bauer, Mary N. Woessner, Matthew Bourke, Mathis Grossmann, and Itamar Levinger
Subjects: Aerobic exercise, Testosterone, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Sex hormone binding globulin, Insulin sensitivity, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract: Abstract Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with alterations in testosterone concentrations. While evidence indicates that aerobic training can influence testosterone in healthy populations or females with hyperandrogenism, its impact in individuals with obesity or T2D remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic training can influence circulating testosterone concentrations in individuals with obesity or T2D. Methods EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), PubMed and Embase were searched for articles published until August 2023. Eligible articles included individuals with obesity or T2D that underwent an aerobic exercise intervention with testosterone concentrations measured at baseline and post intervention. Two reviewers independently screened the seven articles included in this meta-analysis and conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessments. Results A total of 103 participants (62 men / 41 women) from three randomised controlled trials and four non-randomised controlled trials were included. Effect sizes were computed with random effects models. Aerobic exercise moderately increased testosterone concentrations in men (g = 0.565, 95% CI = 0.307 to 0.822, p 0.05). Conclusions Aerobic training may be used to increase testosterone concentrations in men with obesity or T2D, but potentially has no influence in women. Given the low number of studies, further studies investigating the effect of exercise on circulating sex hormones in men and women with obesity or T2D are needed.
Published: 2024
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44. Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Tickborne Pathogens, Mongolia

Author: Koray Ergunay, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Brian P. Bourke, Laura Caicedo-Quiroga, Cynthia L. Tucker, Andrew G. Letizia, Nora G. Cleary, Abigail G. Lilak, Guugandaa Nyamdavaa, Sharav Tumenjargal, Michael E. von Fricken, and Yvonne-Marie Linton
Subjects: vector-borne infections, bacteria, parasites, viruses, tickborne illnesses, metagenomic sequencing, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We performed nanopore-based metagenomic screening on 885 ticks collected from 6 locations in Mongolia and divided the results into 68 samples: 23 individual samples and 45 pools of 2–12 tick samples each. We detected bacterial and parasitic pathogens Anaplasma ovis, Babesia microti, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and novicida, Spiroplasma ixodetis, Theileria equi, and Rickettsia spp., including R. raoultii, R. slovaca, and R. canadensis. We identified the viral pathogens Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (2.9%), recently described Alongshan virus (ALSV) (2.9%), and Beiji nairovirus (5.8%). We assembled ALSV genomes, and maximum-likelihood analyses revealed clustering with viruses reported in humans and ticks from China. For ALSV, we identified surface glycoprotein markers associated with isolates from Asia viruses hosted by Ixodes persulcatus ticks. We also detected 20 virus species of unknown public health impact, including a near-complete Yanggou tick virus genome. Our findings demonstrate that nanopore sequencing can aid in detecting endemic and emerging tickborne pathogens.
Published: 2024
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45. Understanding Children's Informal Learning: Appreciating Everyday Learners. Emerald Studies in Out-of-School Learning

Author: Roseanna Bourke, John O’Neill, Judith Loveridge, Roseanna Bourke, John O’Neill, and Judith Loveridge
Abstract: Learning and personal development are integral to being a person, and learning and teaching are integral to life as a social being. "Understanding Children's Informal Learning" presents children's informal learning out-of-school and explores how this knowledge can enhance teaching and learning practice in the classroom. The authors focus on the richness of children's everyday learning, and in what ways children, teachers and schools can work to bring more of the everyday learning strengths that all children have into the interactional framework of the classroom. Offering practical applications for teachers and other education professionals, the chapters work to ensure children's voices are heard and actively influence understandings of learning, so that out-of-school learning is legitimised as a critical constituent of in-school learning. Addressing the need to provide a strong 'student voice' component and strategies to support children's learning both in-school and out-of-school, "Understanding Children's Informal Learning" furthers comprehensive education research, policy, and practice.
Published: 2024

46. How Are Teacher Shortages in Hardest-to-Staff Schools Represented in (Inter)National Policy Documents from England and Australia?

Author: Reece Mills, Terri Bourke, Martin Mills, Simone White, and Lisa van Leent
Abstract: Teacher shortages are a significant global problem disproportionally affecting "hardest-to-staff" schools and subjects. To better understand (inter)national policy responses to teacher shortages, this paper uses a Bacchian-inspired approach to critically examine proposals suggested as solutions in policy documents from England and Australia, and thus how the problem is being thought about especially in relation to hardest-to-staff contexts. We contend that the problem representations in the policy documents are narrowly conceived and need to be considered differently through the lenses of (re)professionalisation and social justice.
Published: 2024
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47. Understanding Ethical Drift in Professional Decision Making: Dilemmas in Practice

Author: Roseanna Bourke, Ros Pullen, and Nicole Mincher
Abstract: Educational psychologists face challenging decisions around ethical dilemmas to uphold the rights of all children. Due to finite government resources for supporting all learners, one of the roles of educational psychologists is to apply for this funding on behalf of schools and children. Tensions can emerge when unintended ethical dilemmas arise through decisions that compromise their professional judgement. This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study around educational psychologists' understandings and concerns around ethical dilemmas they faced within New Zealand over the past 5 years. The study set out to explore how educational psychologists manage the ethical conflicts and inner contradictions within their work. The findings suggest that such pressures could influence evidence-based practice in subtle ways when in the course of decision making, practitioners experienced some form of ethical drift. There is seldom one correct solution across similar situations. Although these practitioners experienced discomfort in their actions they rationalised their decisions based on external forces such as organisational demands or funding formulas. This illustrates the relational, contextual, organisational and personal influences on how and when 'ethical drift' occurs.
Published: 2024
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48. Down Syndrome or Rett Syndrome in the Family: Parental Reflections on Sibling Experience

Author: Caitlin Gray, Helen Leonard, Kingsley Wong, Sally Re, Kate Schmidt, Rachel Skoss, Jianghong Li, Alison Salt, Jenny Bourke, and Emma J. Glasson
Abstract: Background: Siblings of children with intellectual disability have unique family experiences, varying by type of disability. Methods: Parents of children with Down syndrome (156) or with Rett syndrome (149) completed questionnaires relating to sibling advantages and disadvantages, experiences of holidays and recreation, and perceived availability of parental time. Qualitative responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Positive personality traits, an optimistic outlook, enhanced skills, and rich relationships were strong and consistent parental perceptions for siblings in both disability groups. Parents of children with Rett syndrome were more likely to rank themselves lower on time availability, and to report sibling difficulties with social engagement and family holidays. Conclusions: Parental responses appeared to be influenced by disability type, and reflective of child capabilities. Perceptions of sibling experience should be supplemented by data collected directly from siblings to fully understand their unique perspective, and the ways in which their experiences could be enhanced.
Published: 2024
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49. Novel gastrointestinal tools (GI Tools) for evaluating gut functional capacity in adults with environmental enteropathy in Zambia and Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Author: Tracy N. Phiri, James W. Weatherill, Elena Monford-Sanchez, Jose-Ivan Serrano-Contreras, Callum Melvin, Mirriam Kunaka, Ian Chisenga, Perpetual Ngalande, Monica N. Mweetwa, Ellen Besa, Tafhima Haider, Nilanjan Mandal, Alex J. Thompson, Christine A. Edwards, Claire D. Bourke, Ruairi C. Robertson, Joram M. Posma, Rosemary Banda, Mulima Mwiinga, Lydia Kazhila, Leolin Katsidzira, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Beatrice Amadi, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Kathryn Maitland, Julian R. Marchesi, Douglas J. Morrison, Gary Frost, and Paul Kelly
Subjects: Study Protocol, Articles, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Intestinal Absorption, Intestinal Permeability, Microbiome, Stable Isotopes
Abstract: Background Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a highly prevalent subclinical inflammatory intestinal disorder associated with growth failure, impaired neurocognitive development, poor response to oral vaccines, and micronutrient deficiencies. However, EE research and clinical trials are hampered by the lack of non-invasive tools for measuring intestinal function in detail. This study aims to develop new tools for the measurement of multiple domains of gut functional capacity. Methods The GI TOOLS project is a cross-sectional study that will recruit adults aged 18-65 years with EE in Lusaka, Zambia. Each participant will undergo assessment of gut functional capacity using novel near-point-of-care tools and provide multiple samples for detailed laboratory analyses. Participants will also undergo endoscopy for collection of duodenal biopsies. Novel techniques include stable isotopes approaches to measuring digestion, absorption, and bidirectional transmucosal amino acid flux, a non-invasive fluorescence tool for real-time evaluation of gut permeability, and assessment of reverse permeation of intravenous antibiotics to be carried out separately in Zimbabwe. Stool and duodenal microbiome sequencing using MinION sequencing, metabolome analysis applied to plasma and intestinal fluids, blood immune cell phenotyping, in vitro epithelial barrier models, and duodenal immunohistochemistry will also be used to explore EE in depth. These will all be integrated with gold standard histology and mucosal morphometry, alongside lactulose permeation data, and stool and plasma biomarker analysis. The protocol has been approved by ethics committees and regulators in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the UK. Participants will give informed consent before they can participate Anticipated outcomes Based on this extensive phenotyping, tests will be developed which can be simplified and refined for use in adults and children with EE, and for clinical trials. Findings from this project will be disseminated through in-person meetings with caregivers and regulatory bodies, presentations at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.
Published: 2025
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50. Perspectives of work readiness among Australian health students trained during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Podubinski, Tegan, Jessup, Belinda, Kirschbaum, Melissa, Bailie, Jodie, Heaney, Susan, Sheepway, Lyndal, and Bourke, Lisa
Published: 2024
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