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1. Abnormal Colorectal Cancer Test Follow-Up: A Quality Improvement Initiative at a Federally Qualified Health Center

Author

Shareef, Faizah, Bharti, Balambal, Garcia-Bigley, Felipe, Hernandez, Monica, Nodora, Jesse, Liu, Jie, Ramers, Christian, Nery, Jill Dumbauld, Marquez, Jessica, Moyano, Karina, Rojas, Sarah, Arredondo, Elva, and Gupta, Samir

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Cancer, Aging, Prevention, Digestive Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Quality Improvement, Early Detection of Cancer, Colorectal Neoplasms, Health Facilities, Colonoscopy, Occult Blood, Mass Screening, colorectal cancer screening, federally qualified health center, abnormal fecal immunochemical test follow-up, care coordination, patient navigation, Public Health and Health Services, Other Medical and Health Sciences, Health services and systems, Nursing, Public health
Abstract

Introduction/objectivesColonoscopy completion rates after an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are suboptimal, resulting in missed opportunities for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Patient navigation and structured follow-up may improve colonoscopy completion, but implementation of these strategies is not widespread.MethodsWe conducted a quality improvement study using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Model to increase colonoscopy completion after abnormal FIT in a large federally qualified health center serving a diverse and low-income population. Intervention components included patient navigation, and a checklist to promote completion of key steps required for abnormal FIT follow-up. Primary outcome was proportion of patients achieving colonoscopy completion within 6 months of abnormal FIT, assessed at baseline for 156 patients pre-intervention, and compared to 208 patients during the intervention period from April 2017 to December 2019. Drop offs at each step in the follow-up process were assessed.ResultsColonoscopy completion improved from 21% among 156 patients with abnormal FIT pre-intervention, to 38% among 208 patients with abnormal FIT during the intervention (P

Published
2024

2. Factors associated with reintegration trajectory following female genital fistula surgery in Uganda

Author

Bigley, Rachel, Barageine, Justus, Nalubwama, Hadija, Neuhaus, John, Mitchell, Ashley, Miller, Suellen, Obore, Susan, Byamugisha, Josaphat, Korn, Abner, and Ayadi, Alison M El

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Good Health and Well Being, Uganda, female genital fistula, global health, obstetrics and gynecology, reintegration, reproductive psychiatry, stillbirth, urinary incontinence, women's health
Abstract

BackgroundA female genital fistula, primarily caused by prolonged obstructed labor or after cesarean delivery in resource-limited countries, affects 500,000 to 2,000,000 women worldwide. Fistula is preventable with timely access to high-quality obstetrical care. Access to surgical repair of a female genital fistula has greatly increased over time. However, research surrounding postrepair reintegration, the process of returning to an individual's normal life, remains limited, and further efforts are needed to understand the factors shaping women's ability to rebuild their relationships and lives following repair.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the 12-month reintegration trajectory after female genital fistula repair by participant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Study designThis study analyzed quantitative survey and medical record data of women (N=60) participating in a longitudinal cohort study assessing recovery after genital fistula repair in Uganda, with baseline and 4 quarterly follow-up assessments in 12 months. The primary outcome of reintegration was assessed using a 19-item postfistula repair reintegration instrument (range, 0-100) where a higher score represents better reintegration. Predictors of interest included parity and living children, quality of life, depressive symptoms at baseline, self-esteem, stigma, trauma, physical symptoms, and social support. We described participant baseline characteristics using means and proportions and estimated a series of mixed-effects linear regression models, including interactions of characteristics with time to understand how these characteristics influence reintegration trajectory in the 12 months after repair.ResultsThe participants' physical and psychosocial morbidities at baseline were high; more than 80% of participants reported fistula-related physical symptoms, 82% of participants described their general health as poor, and measures of self-esteem, overall social support, and overall quality of life were low. The mean reintegration score at baseline was 33 (standard deviation, 20), which increased to 78 (standard deviation, 19) at 12 months after fistula repair. The participant sociodemographic characteristics statistically associated with reintegration included any living children (β, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, -0.08 to 2.23). Moreover, psychosocial factors significantly affected reintegration with steeper trajectories for women with depressive symptoms (β, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-1.75) or women experiencing internalized stigma (β, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, -0.00 to 0.11) and less steep for those with higher self-esteem (β, -0.11; 95% confidence interval, -0.24 to 0.01), overall social support (β, -0.06; 95% confidence interval, -0.12 to -0.01), and partner support (β, -0.21; 95% confidence interval, -0.35 to -0.07).ConclusionUnderstanding the prominent factors associated with differences in reintegration trajectories across the year after genital fistula surgery has the potential to inform interventions that mitigate challenges and improve women's postrepair recovery experiences.

Published
2023

3. The application of artificial intelligence and image analysis to novel prognostic classification systems of colorectal cancer

Author

Bigley, Christopher J.

Subjects
RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer), T Technology (General)
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer in the world and the second most common cancer related mortality. Adequate staging of CRC is important for understanding patient prognosis and determining appropriate therapy regimens. CRC staging is currently performed according to the Tumour, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging criteria, which has remained the gold standard around the world since its introduction. However, the variable prognosis of Stage II/node negative disease and uncertainty around best therapeutic practices for these patients has been a continuing issue with the TNM system, one that is still yet to be adequately addressed. Through extensive research, novel prognostic features, assessed on diagnostic Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) sections and through simple Immunohistochemistry (IHC), have been shown to supplement the TNM criteria and address this unmet clinical need. Furthermore, novel classification systems that incorporate multiple features of the Tumour Microenvironment (TME) and assign patients to independent groups have been developed and often stratify patients for prognosis better than the TNM system, as well as providing additional prognostic and theragnostic information. The adoption of these novel factors and classification systems into clinical pathology has been hindered by persistent interobserver variability and a lack of clear and standardised assessment criteria. Image analysis presents a means to reduce the subjectivity of these criteria and increase their potential clinical utility. With the advent of artificial intelligence and its continued development within image analysis, the automated assessment of novel features on clinical sections is becoming increasingly reliable and reproducible. Therefore, this thesis aims to utilise image analysis and artificial intelligence to automate the assessment of specific features of the CRC TME, assess the prognostic utility of novel TME features individually and in combination, and compare the performance of digital assessment to human assessment. The Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS) is a combined assessment of the stromal density of the tumour, quantified through the Tumour Stroma Percentage (TSP), and the peritumoural inflammatory response, assessed using the Klintrup – Mäkinen (KM) criteria, that assigns patients to one of three individually prognostic groups. Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to semantically segment H&E Whole Slide Images (WSI) and quantify the tumour associated stroma demonstrated that image analysis is able to reliably conduct TSP assessment across multiple retrospective patient cohorts and a large clinical trial cohort, prognostically stratify these patients according to the TSP criteria, and outperform human assessment for prognostic significance. Image analysis quantification of peritumoural lymphocyte density on H&E WSI with manually annotated invasive margins showed a significant association with prognosis, comparable to that seen in manual KM assessment, again across multiple cohorts. Combining both image analysis approaches according to the GMS criteria outperformed pathologist assessment for survival stratification, highlighting the ability of image analysis algorithms to reliably perform individual assessments and retain the prognostic significance when used in combination. The Phenotypic Subtypes of CRC are a translation of the phenotypic signatures of the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) to tissue – based assessment, incorporating Ki67 IHC into the GMS criteria with the TSP and KM. Ki67 expression is utilised to further stratify the GMS group with intermediate prognosis, providing additional information about the TME. To quantify Ki67 expression, a CNN was again used to semantically segment Tissue MicroArray (TMA) cores stained for Ki67 via IHC and the percentage of Ki67+ tumour cells was determined using an automated, CNN – based cell detection algorithm. Ki67 expression determined through automated analysis was significantly associated with prognosis individually, and when combined with the TSP and KM criteria, the Phenotypic Subtypes determined through image analysis were highly prognostic again across multiple cohorts. Furthermore, the image analysis subtypes identified a group of patients with a chemotherapy dependent improvement in survival, demonstrating the clinical utility of image analysis for determining patient prognosis and potentially guiding therapy regimens. The data presented in the current thesis demonstrates that image analysis is able to reliably and reproducibly assess novel features of the TME from clinical WSI, perform these assessments across multiple independent patient cohorts, significantly stratify patients for prognosis, and has the potential to be utilised in clinical pathology to aid therapeutic decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Published
2023
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4. The Glasgow Microenvironment Score: an exemplar of contemporary biomarker evolution in colorectal cancer

Author

Katrina Knight, Christopher Bigley, Kathryn Pennel, Jennifer Hay, Noori Maka, Donald McMillan, James Park, Campbell Roxburgh, and Joanne Edwards

Subjects
colonic cancer, rectal cancer, biomarkers, tumour microenvironment, inflammation, stromal invasion, Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract

Abstract Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Significant variation in response to treatment and survival is evident among patients with similar stage disease. Molecular profiling has highlighted the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer but has had limited impact in daily clinical practice. Biomarkers with robust prognostic and therapeutic relevance are urgently required. Ideally, biomarkers would be derived from H&E sections used for routine pathological staging, have reliable sensitivity and specificity, and require minimal additional training. The biomarker targets would capture key pathological features with proven additive prognostic and clinical utility, such as the local inflammatory response and tumour microenvironment. The Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS), first described in 2014, combines assessment of peritumoural inflammation at the invasive margin with quantification of tumour stromal content. Using H&E sections, the Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM) grade is determined by qualitative morphological assessment of the peritumoural lymphocytic infiltrate at the invasive margin and tumour stroma percentage (TSP) calculated in a semi‐quantitative manner as a percentage of stroma within the visible field. The resulting three prognostic categories have direct clinical relevance: GMS 0 denotes a tumour with a dense inflammatory infiltrate/high KM grade at the invasive margin and improved survival; GMS 1 represents weak inflammatory response and low TSP associated with intermediate survival; and GMS 2 tumours are typified by a weak inflammatory response, high TSP, and inferior survival. The prognostic capacity of the GMS has been widely validated while its potential to guide chemotherapy has been demonstrated in a large phase 3 trial cohort. Here, we detail its journey from conception through validation to clinical translation and outline the future for this promising and practical biomarker.

Published
2024
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5. Comparing Latino Community Members’ and Clinical Staff’s Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators to Colorectal Cancer Screening

Author

Alpert, Elizabeth N, Clark, Tatiana, Garcia-Alcaraz, Cristian, Eddington, Sumayah Nuhaily, Carrizosa, Claudia, Haughton, Jessica, de la Torre, Carolina Lopez, Garcia-Bigley, Felipe, Arredondo, Elva M, Ramers, Christian, Nodora, Jesse, and Wells, Kristen J

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Aging, Prevention, Cancer, Clinical Research, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Female, Humans, United States, Middle Aged, Adult, Male, Early Detection of Cancer, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hispanic or Latino, Colorectal Neoplasms, Mass Screening, Hispanic Americans, Latinos, Colorectal cancer screening, Adherence, Colorectal neoplasms, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Public health
Abstract

Latinos in the United States have low rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening even though CRC is the third leading cause of cancer death among Latinos. This qualitative study aimed to understand and compare the perspectives of clinical staff (CS) and Latino community members (LCMs) in an urban Southern California community regarding barriers and facilitators of CRC screening. Through purposive sampling, 39 LCMs (mean age: 59.4 years, 79.5% female) were recruited to participate in one of five focus groups, and 17 CS (mean age: 38.8 years, 64.7% female) were recruited to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews, along with a demographic survey. Interviews and focus group recordings were transcribed verbatim, translated, and analyzed using direct content analysis. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Findings suggest that CS and LCMs have both similar and opposing perspectives with regard to barriers and facilitators of CRC screening. Themes discussed included attitudes towards CRC screening, CRC knowledge, access to resources, commitments and responsibilities, social support, vicarious learning, patient-provider communication, trust, and social relationships. Study findings can be used to guide interventions and policies to improve access to CRC screening among LCMs.

Published
2022

6. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CTLA-4 insufficiency across Europe: A European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Inborn Errors Working Party study

Author

Tsilifis, Christo, Speckmann, Carsten, Lum, Su Han, Fox, Thomas A., Soler, Adriana Margarit, Mozo, Yasmina, Corral, Dolores, Ewins, Anna-Maria, Hague, Rosie, Oikonomopoulou, Christina, Kałwak, Krzysztof, Drabko, Katarzyna, Wynn, Robert, Morris, Emma C., Elcombe, Suzanne, Bigley, Venetia, Lougaris, Vassilios, Malagola, Michele, Hauck, Fabian, Sedlacek, Petr, Laberko, Alexandra, Tjon, Jennifer M.L., Buddingh, Emilie P., Wehr, Claudia, Grimbacher, Bodo, Gennery, Andrew R., Lankester, Arjan C., Albert, Michael H., Neven, Bénédicte, and Slatter, Mary A.

Published
2024
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8. Interleukin (IL)-1/IL-6-Inhibitor–Associated Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS) in Systemic Inflammatory Illnesses

Author

Aamir, R., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Lapsia, C. Aguiar, Akinsete, A., Akoghlanian, S., Al Manaa, M., AlBijadi, A., Allenspach, E., Almutairi, A., Alperin, R., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Amoruso, M., Angeles-Han, S., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Asfaw, L., Aviran Dagan, N., Bacha, C., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballinger, S., Baluta, S., Barillas-Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Baxter, S., Becker, M., Begezda, A., Behrens, E., Beil, E., Benseler, S., Bermudez-Santiago, L., Bernal, W., Bigley, T., Bingham, C., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blackmon, B., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boneparth, A., Bradfield, H., Bridges, J., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brunner, H., Buckley, L., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Canny, S., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Castro, D., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang, M., Chang-Hoftman, A., Chen, A., Chiraseveenuprapund, P., Ciaglia, K., Co, D., Cohen, E., Collinge, J., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cook, K., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Corbin, K., Correll, C., Cron, R., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Datyner, E., Davis, T., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., DeCoste, C., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., DeSantis, E., Devine, R., Dhalla, M., Dhanrajani, A., Dissanayake, D., Dizon, B., Drapeau, N., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duncan, E., Dunnock, K., Durkee, D., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., El Tal, T., Elder, M., Elzaki, Y., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Favier, L., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, P., Ferguson, I., Figueroa, C., Flanagan, E., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franklin, L., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., Furey, M., Futch-West, T., Gagne, S., Gennaro, V., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gironella, A., Glaser, D., Goh, I., Goldsmith, D., Gorry, S., Goswami, N., Gottlieb, B., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Grim, A., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hamda Natur, M., Hammelev, E., Hammond, T., Harel, L., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hays, K., Hayward, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horton, D., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huberts, A., Huggins, J., Huie, L., Hui-Yuen, J., Ibarra, M., Imlay, A., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Jackson, A., James, K., Janow, G., Jared, S., Jiang, Y., Johnson, L., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Kafisheh, D., Kahn, P., Kaidar, K., Kasinathan, S., Kaur, R., Kessler, E., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein-Gitelman, M., Knight, A., Kovalick, L., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Kudas, O., LaFlam, T., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Lawler, C., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lee, A., Leisinger, E., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levinsky, Y., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Limenis, E., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lionetti, G., Livny, R., Lloyd, M., Lo, M., Long, A., Lopez-Peña, M., Lovell, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Lytch, A., Ma, M., Machado, A., MacMahon, J., Madison, J., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Mansfield, L., Marston, B., Mason, T., Matchett, D., McAllister, L., McBrearty, K., McColl, J., McCurdy, D., McDaniels, K., McDonald, J., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mian, Z., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mitacek, R., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, T., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Moreno, J., Morgan, E., Moyer, A., Murante, B., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Mwizerwa, O., Najafi, A., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Nearanz, K., Neely, J., Newhall, L., Nguyen, A., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Nowicki, K., Oakes, R., Oberle, E., Ogbonnaya-Whittesley, S., Ogbu, E., Oliver, M., Olveda, R., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Padam, J., Paller, A., Pan, N., Pandya, J., Panupattanapong, S., Toledano, A. Pappo, Parsons, A., Patel, J., Patel, P., Patrick, A., Patrizi, S., Paul, S., Perfetto, J., Perron, M., Peskin, M., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Puplava, B., Quinlan-Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Rafko, J., Rahimi, H., Rampone, K., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Ray, L., Reed, A., Reid, H., Reiff, D., Richins, S., Riebschleger, M., Rife, E., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Robinson, A., Robinson, L., Rodgers, L., Rodriquez, M., Rogers, D., Ronis, T., Rosado, A., Rosenkranz, M., Rosenwasser, N., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Rothschild, E., Roth-Wojcicki, E., Rouster-Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Rupp, J., Ruth, N., Sabbagh, S., Sadun, R., Santiago, L., Saper, V., Sarkissian, A., Scalzi, L., Schahn, J., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schulert, G., Schultz, K., Schutt, C., Seper, C., Sheets, R., Shehab, A., Shenoi, S., Sherman, M., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Siegel, D., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sloan, E., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, Mary B., Sosna, D., Spencer, C., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Stephens, A., Sterba Rakovchik, Y., Stern, S., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stewart, W., Stingl, C., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sullivan, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Swaffar, C., Swayne, N., Syed, R., Symington, T., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Tesher, M., Thakurdeen, T., Theisen, A., Thomas, B., Thomas, L., Thomas, N., Ting, T., Todd, C., Toib, D., Torok, K., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tsin, C., Twachtman-Bassett, J., Twilt, M., Valcarcel, T., Valdovinos, R., Vallee, A., Van Mater, H., Vandenbergen, S., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vega-Fernandez, P., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Verstegen, R., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner-Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, B., Walters, H., Waterfield, M., Waters, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, P., Weiss, J., Wershba, E., Westheuser, V., White, A., Widrick, K., Williams, C., Wong, S., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yasin, S., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Zeft, A., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., Saper, Vivian E., Tian, Lu, Verstegen, Ruud H.J., Conrad, Carol K., Cidon, Michal, Hopper, Rachel K., Kuo, Christin S., Osoegawa, Kazutoyo, Baszis, Kevin, Bingham, Catherine A., Ferguson, Ian, Hahn, Timothy, Horne, Annacarin, Isupova, Eugenia A., Jones, Jordan T., Kasapcopur, Özgür, Klein-Gitelman, Marisa S., Kostik, Mikhail M., Ozen, Seza, Phadke, Omkar, Prahalad, Sampath, Randell, Rachel L., Sener, Seher, Stingl, Cory, Abdul-Aziz, Rabheh, Akoghlanian, Shoghik, Al Julandani, Dalila, Alvarez, Marcela B., Bader-Meunier, Brigitte, Balay-Dustrude, Erin E., Balboni, Imelda, Baxter, Sarah K., Berard, Roberta A., Bhattad, Sagar, Bolaria, Roxana, Boneparth, Alexis, Cassidy, Elaine A., Co, Dominic O., Collins, Kathleen P., Dancey, Paul, Dickinson, Aileen M., Edelheit, Barbara S., Espada, Graciela, Flanagan, Elaine R., Imundo, Lisa F., Jindal, Ankur K., Kim, Hyoun-Ah, Klaus, Günter, Lake, Carol, Lapin, W. Blaine, Lawson, Erica F., Marmor, Itay, Mombourquette, Joy, Ogunjimi, Benson, Olveda, Rebecca, Ombrello, Michael J., Onel, Karen, Poholek, Catherine, Ramanan, Athimalaipet V., Ravelli, Angelo, Reinhardt, Adam, Robinson, Amanda D., Rouster-Stevens, Kelly, Saad, Nadine, Schneider, Rayfel, Selmanovic, Velma, Sefic Pasic, Irmina, Shenoi, Susan, Shilo, Natalie R., Soep, Jennifer B., Sura, Angeli, Taber, Sarah F., Tesher, Melissa, Tibaldi, Jessica, Torok, Kathryn S., Tsin, Cathy Mei, Vasquez-Canizares, Natalia, Villacis Nunez, Diana S., Way, Emily E., Whitehead, Benjamin, Zemel, Lawrence S., Sharma, Surbhi, Fernández-Viña, Marcelo A., and Mellins, Elizabeth D.

Published
2024
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10. The Lick Observatory Supernova Search follow-up program: photometry data release of 70 stripped-envelope supernovae

Author

Zheng, WeiKang, Stahl, Benjamin E., de Jaeger, Thomas, Filippenko, Alexei V., Wang, Shan-Qin, Gan, Wen-Pei, Brink, Thomas G., Altunin, Ivan, Baer-Way, Raphael, Bigley, Andrew, Blanchard, Kyle, Blanchard, Peter K., Bradley, James, Cargill, Samantha K., Casper, Chadwick, Chapman, Teagan, Chander, Vidhi, Channa, Sanyum, Choi, Byung Yun, Choksi, Nick, Chu, Matthew, Clubb, Kelsey I., Cohen, Daniel P., Dalba, Paul A., deGraw, Asia, de Kouchkovsky, Maxime, Ellison, Michael, Falcon, Edward, Fox, Ori D., Fuller, Kiera, Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Girish, Nachiket, Gould, Carolina, Halevi, Goni, Halle, Andrew, Hayakawa, Kevin T., Hardy, Romain, Hestenes, Julia, Hoffman, Andrew M., Hyland, Michael, Jeffers, Benjamin T., Jennings, Connor, Kandrashoff, Michael T., Khodanian, Anthony, Kim, Minkyu, Kim, Haejung, Kislak, Michelle E., Krishnan, Daniel, Kumar, Sahana, Kumar, Snehaa Ganesh, Leja, Joel, Leonard, Erin J., Li, Gary Z., Li, Weidong, Lian, Ji-Shun, Liu, Evelyn, Lowe, Thomas B., Lu, Philip, Ma, Emily, Mason, Michelle N., May, Michael, McAllister, Kyle, McGinness, Emma, Modak, Shaunak, Molloy, Jeffrey, Murakami, Yukei S., Nayak, Omnarayani, Perera, Derek, Pina, Kenia, Punjabi, Druv, Rikhter, Andrew, Ross, Timothy W., Sipple, Jackson, Soler, Costas, Stegman, Samantha, Stephens, Haynes, Sunseri, James, Tang, Kevin, Taylor, Stephen, Thrasher, Patrick, Van Dyk, Schuyler D., Wang, Xiang-Gao, Wayland, Jeremy, Wilkins, Andrew, Yagubyan, Abel, Yuk, Heechan, Yunus, Sameen, and Zhang, Keto D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present BVRI and unfiltered Clear light curves of 70 stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe), observed between 2003 and 2020, from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) follow-up program. Our SESN sample consists of 19 spectroscopically normal SNe~Ib, two peculiar SNe Ib, six SN Ibn, 14 normal SNe Ic, one peculiar SN Ic, ten SNe Ic-BL, 15 SNe IIb, one ambiguous SN IIb/Ib/c, and two superluminous SNe. Our follow-up photometry has (on a per-SN basis) a mean coverage of 81 photometric points (median of 58 points) and a mean cadence of 3.6d (median of 1.2d). From our full sample, a subset of 38 SNe have pre-maximum coverage in at least one passband, allowing for the peak brightness of each SN in this subset to be quantitatively determined. We describe our data collection and processing techniques, with emphasis toward our automated photometry pipeline, from which we derive publicly available data products to enable and encourage further study by the community. Using these data products, we derive host-galaxy extinction values through the empirical colour evolution relationship and, for the first time, produce accurate rise-time measurements for a large sample of SESNe in both optical and infrared passbands. By modeling multiband light curves, we find that SNe Ic tend to have lower ejecta masses and lower ejecta velocities than SNe~Ib and IIb, but higher $^{56}$Ni masses., Comment: Accepted by MNRAS

Published
2022
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11. An International Survey of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

Author

Nishimura, Akira, Uppuluri, Ramya, Raj, Revathi, Swaminathan, Venkateswaran Vellaichamy, Cheng, Yifei, Abu-Arja, Rolla F., Fu, Bin, Laberko, Alexandra, Albert, Michael H., Hauck, Fabian, Bucciol, Giorgia, Bigley, Venetia, Elcombe, Suzanne, Kharya, Gaurav, Pronk, Cornelis Jan H, Wehr, Claudia, Neven, Bénédicte, Warnatz, Klaus, Meyts, Isabelle, Morio, Tomohiro, Gennery, Andrew R., and Kanegane, Hirokazu

Published
2023
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14. Transcriptomic profiling of thymic dysregulation and viral tropism after neonatal roseolovirus infection

Author

Andrei Belean, Eden Xue, Benjamin Cisneros, Elisha D. O. Roberson, Michael A. Paley, and Tarin M. Bigley

Subjects
roseolovirus, thymus, central tolerance, transcriptomics, thymocytes, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionHerpesviruses, including the roseoloviruses, have been linked to autoimmune disease. The ubiquitous and chronic nature of these infections have made it difficult to establish a causal relationship between acute infection and subsequent development of autoimmunity. We have shown that murine roseolovirus (MRV), which is highly related to human roseoloviruses, induces thymic atrophy and disruption of central tolerance after neonatal infection. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection results in development of autoimmunity in adult mice, long after resolution of acute infection. This suggests that MRV induces durable immune dysregulation.MethodsIn the current studies, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to study the tropism of MRV in the thymus and determine cellular processes in the thymus that were disrupted by neonatal MRV infection. We then utilized tropism data to establish a cell culture system.ResultsHerein, we describe how MRV alters the thymic transcriptome during acute neonatal infection. We found that MRV infection resulted in major shifts in inflammatory, differentiation and cell cycle pathways in the infected thymus. We also observed shifts in the relative number of specific cell populations. Moreover, utilizing expression of late viral transcripts as a proxy of viral replication, we identified the cellular tropism of MRV in the thymus. This approach demonstrated that double negative, double positive, and CD4 single positive thymocytes, as well as medullary thymic epithelial cells were infected by MRV in vivo. Finally, by applying pseudotime analysis to viral transcripts, which we refer to as “pseudokinetics,” we identified viral gene transcription patterns associated with specific cell types and infection status. We utilized this information to establish the first cell culture systems susceptible to MRV infection in vitro.ConclusionOur research provides the first complete picture of roseolovirus tropism in the thymus after neonatal infection. Additionally, we identified major transcriptomic alterations in cell populations in the thymus during acute neonatal MRV infection. These studies offer important insight into the early events that occur after neonatal MRV infection that disrupt central tolerance and promote autoimmune disease.

Published
2024
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15. High-density linkage maps detail sex-specific regions of suppressed recombination near fusions of polymorphic chromosomes in purebred and hybrid North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Author

MacLeod-Bigley, Melissa L.M. and Boulding, Elizabeth G.

Subjects
Atlantic salmon -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research, Single nucleotide polymorphisms -- Research, Chromosome mapping -- Methods, Gene fusion -- Research, Genetic recombination -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The North American (NA) Atlantic salmon typically has 27 pairs of chromosomes, whereas the European (EU) subspecies typically has 29. We investigated within-family recombination within three previously identified chromosome rearrangements (Ssa01p/23, Ssa08/29, and Ssa26/28) in NA Atlantic salmon by creating high-density linkage maps using a custom 50K SNP chip developed for the Saint John River aquaculture strain. Linkage maps created for individual purebred and EU hybrid parents in 10 full-sibling families averaged 14337 SNPs per cross, covering 43033 SNPs from the 50K SNP chip. Chromosomal translocation Ssa01p/23 was fixed except in one hybrid female map. In contrast, fusion Ssa08/29 was present in maps in 4 out of 10 females and 8 out of 10 males, whereas fusion Ssa26/28 was present in maps in 6 out of 10 females and 8 out of 10 males. The orientation of Ssa08/29 differed from the previous map; the short arm of the metacentric Ssa08 was fused to the centromere of the acrocentric Ssa29. We detected large regions of recombination suppression in female maps at the fusion of Ssa08 to Ssa29. This suppression may reduce the impacts of aneuploidy resulting from pairing of fused and unfused chromosomes, thereby allowing the persistence of chromosomal polymorphisms in this population. Key words: SNP array, SNP linkage map, chromosome polymorphism, recombination suppression, sex locus, Introduction Recombination between chromosomes with different structural variants can facilitate genome evolution (Bertolotti et al. 2020). Large inversions cause reduced recombination in specific areas of the genome, thereby facilitating local [...]

Published
2023
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16. The Lick Observatory Supernova Search follow-up program: photometry data release of 70 SESNe

Author

Zheng, WeiKang, Stahl, Benjamin E, de Jaeger, Thomas, Filippenko, Alexei V, Wang, Shan-Qin, Gan, Wen-Pei, Brink, Thomas G, Altunin, Ivan, Baer-Way, Raphael, Bigley, Andrew, Blanchard, Kyle, Blanchard, Peter K, Bradley, James, Cargill, Samantha K, Casper, Chadwick, Chapman, Teagan, Chander, Vidhi, Channa, Sanyum, Choi, Byung Yun, Choksi, Nick, Chu, Matthew, Clubb, Kelsey I, Cohen, Daniel P, Dalba, Paul A, deGraw, Asia, de Kouchkovsky, Maxime, Ellison, Michael, Falcon, Edward, Fox, Ori D, Fuller, Kiera, Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Girish, Nachiket, Gould, Carolina, Halevi, Goni, Halle, Andrew, Hayakawa, Kevin T, Hardy, Romain, Hestenes, Julia, Hoffman, Andrew M, Hyland, Michael, Jeffers, Benjamin T, Jennings, Connor, Kandrashoff, Michael T, Khodanian, Anthony, Kim, Minkyu, Kim, Haejung, Kislak, Michelle E, Krishnan, Daniel, Kumar, Sahana, Kumar, Snehaa Ganesh, Leja, Joel, Leonard, Erin J, Li, Gary Z, Li, Weidong, Lian, Ji-Shun, Liu, Evelyn, Lowe, Thomas B, Lu, Philip, Ma, Emily, Mason, Michelle N, May, Michael, McAllister, Kyle, McGinness, Emma, Modak, Shaunak, Molloy, Jeffrey, Murakami, Yukei S, Nayak, Omnarayani, Perera, Derek, Pina, Kenia, Punjabi, Druv, Rikhter, Andrew, Ross, Timothy W, Sipple, Jackson, Soler, Costas, Stegman, Samantha, Stephens, Haynes, Sunseri, James, Tang, Kevin, Taylor, Stephen, Thrasher, Patrick, Van Dyk, Schuyler D, Wang, Xiang-Gao, Wayland, Jeremy, Wilkins, Andrew, Yagubyan, Abel, Yuk, Heechan, Yunus, Sameen, and Zhang, Keto D

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, supernovae: general, galaxies: distances and redshifts, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present BVRI and unfiltered (Clear) light curves of 70 stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe), observed between 2003 and 2020, from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search follow-up program. Our SESN sample consists of 19 spectroscopically normal SNe Ib, 2 peculiar SNe Ib, six SNe Ibn, 14 normal SNe Ic, 1 peculiar SN Ic, 10 SNe Ic-BL, 15 SNe IIb, 1 ambiguous SN IIb/Ib/c, and 2 superluminous SNe. Our follow-up photometry has (on a per-SN basis) a mean coverage of 81 photometric points (median of 58 points) and a mean cadence of 3.6 d (median of 1.2 d). From our full sample, a subset of 38 SNe have pre-maximum coverage in at least one passband, allowing for the peak brightness of each SN in this subset to be quantitatively determined. We describe our data collection and processing techniques, with emphasis toward our automated photometry pipeline, from which we derive publicly available data products to enable and encourage further study by the community. Using these data products, we derive host-galaxy extinction values through the empirical colour evolution relationship and, for the first time, produce accurate rise-time measurements for a large sample of SESNe in both optical and infrared passbands. By modelling multiband light curves, we find that SNe Ic tend to have lower ejecta masses and lower ejecta velocities than SNe Ib and IIb, but higher 56Ni masses.

Published
2022

17. NP Practice Competencies

Author

Bigley, Mary Beth, Walters, Elizabeth Miller, Evans, Joshua, DeGarmo, Sean, Debout, Christophe, Series Editor, Thomas, Sophia L., editor, and Rowles, Jackie S., editor

Published
2023
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20. Abnormal Colorectal Cancer Test Follow-Up: A Quality Improvement Initiative at a Federally Qualified Health Center

Author

Faizah Shareef, Balambal Bharti, Felipe Garcia-Bigley, Monica Hernandez, Jesse Nodora, Jie Liu, Christian Ramers, Jill Dumbauld Nery, Jessica Marquez, Karina Moyano, Sarah Rojas, Elva Arredondo, and Samir Gupta

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Introduction/Objectives: Colonoscopy completion rates after an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are suboptimal, resulting in missed opportunities for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. Patient navigation and structured follow-up may improve colonoscopy completion, but implementation of these strategies is not widespread. Methods: We conducted a quality improvement study using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Model to increase colonoscopy completion after abnormal FIT in a large federally qualified health center serving a diverse and low-income population. Intervention components included patient navigation, and a checklist to promote completion of key steps required for abnormal FIT follow-up. Primary outcome was proportion of patients achieving colonoscopy completion within 6 months of abnormal FIT, assessed at baseline for 156 patients pre-intervention, and compared to 208 patients during the intervention period from April 2017 to December 2019. Drop offs at each step in the follow-up process were assessed. Results: Colonoscopy completion improved from 21% among 156 patients with abnormal FIT pre-intervention, to 38% among 208 patients with abnormal FIT during the intervention ( P

Published
2024
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21. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XII. Broad-Line Region Modeling of NGC 5548

Author

Williams, P. R., Pancoast, A., Treu, T., Brewer, B. J., Peterson, B. M., Barth, A. J., Malkan, M. A., De Rosa, G., Horne, Keith, Kriss, G. A., Arav, N., Bentz, M. C., Cackett, E. M., Bontà, E. Dalla, Dehghanian, M., Done, C., Ferland, G. J., Grier, C. J., Kaastra, J., Kara, E., Kochanek, C. S., Mathur, S., Mehdipour, M., Pogge, R. W., Proga, D., Vestergaard, M., Waters, T., Adams, S. M., Anderson, M. D., Arévalo, P., Beatty, T. G., Bennert, V. N., Bigley, A., Bisogni, S., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Breeveld, A. A., Brotherton, M., Brown, J. E., Brown, J. S., Canalizo, G., Carini, M. T., Clubb, K. I., Comerford, J. M., Corsini, E. M., Crenshaw, D. M., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Deason, A. J., De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A., Denney, K. D., Dietrich, M., Edelson, R., Efimova, N. V., Ely, J., Evans, P. A., Fausnaugh, M. M., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Fox, O. D., Gardner, E., Gates, E. L., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, J. M., Gonzalez, L., Gorjian, V., Greene, J. E., Grupe, D., Gupta, A., Hall, P. B., Henderson, C. B., Hicks, S., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Joner, M. D., Jones, J., Kaspi, S., Kelly, P. L., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, S. C., King, A., Klimanov, S. A., Knigge, C., Krongold, Y., Lau, M. W., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Li, Miao, Lira, P., Lochhaas, C., Ma, Zhiyuan, Manne-Nicholas, E. R., MacInnis, F., Mauerhan, J. C., McGurk, R., Hardy, I. M. Mc, Montuori, C., Morelli, L., Mosquera, A., Mudd, D., Müller-Sánchez, F., Nazarov, S. V., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Nguyen, M. L., Ochner, P., Okhmat, D. N., Papadakis, I., Parks, J. R., Pei, L., Penny, M. T., Pizzella, A., Poleski, R., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Runnoe, J., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Scott, B., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Siegel, M., Simonian, G. V., Siviero, A., Skielboe, A., Somers, G., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Stevens, D. J., Sung, H. -I., Tayar, J., Tejos, N., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Van Saders, J., Vaughan, S. A., Vican, L., Villanueva Jr., S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Young, S., Yuk, H., Zheng, W., Zhu, W., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present geometric and dynamical modeling of the broad line region for the multi-wavelength reverberation mapping campaign focused on NGC 5548 in 2014. The dataset includes photometric and spectroscopic monitoring in the optical and ultraviolet, covering the H$\beta$, C IV, and Ly$\alpha$ broad emission lines. We find an extended disk-like H$\beta$ BLR with a mixture of near-circular and outflowing gas trajectories, while the C IV and Ly$\alpha$ BLRs are much less extended and resemble shell-like structures. There is clear radial structure in the BLR, with C IV and Ly$\alpha$ emission arising at smaller radii than the H$\beta$ emission. Using the three lines, we make three independent black hole mass measurements, all of which are consistent. Combining these results gives a joint inference of $\log_{10}(M_{\rm BH}/M_\odot) = 7.64^{+0.21}_{-0.18}$. We examine the effect of using the $V$ band instead of the UV continuum light curve on the results and find a size difference that is consistent with the measured UV-optical time lag, but the other structural and kinematic parameters remain unchanged, suggesting that the $V$ band is a suitable proxy for the ionizing continuum when exploring the BLR structure and kinematics. Finally, we compare the H$\beta$ results to similar models of data obtained in 2008 when the AGN was at a lower luminosity state. We find that the size of the emitting region increased during this time period, but the geometry and black hole mass remain unchanged, which confirms that the BLR kinematics suitably gauge the gravitational field of the central black hole., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2020
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22. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. IX. Velocity-Delay Maps for Broad Emission Lines in NGC 5548

Author

Horne, Keith, De Rosa, G., Peterson, B. M., Barth, A. J., Ely, J., Fausnaugh, M. M., Kriss, G. A., Pei, L., Adams, S. M., Anderson, M. D., Arevalo, P., Beatty, T G., Bennert, V. N., Bentz, M. C., Bigley, A., Bisogni, S., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Breeveld, A. A., Brotherton, M., Brown, J. E., Brown, J. S., Cackett, E. M., Canalizo, G., Carini, M. T., Clubb, K. I., Comerford, J. M., Corsini, E. M., Crenshaw, D. M., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Bonta, E. Dalla, Deason, A. J., Dehghanian, M., De Lorenzo-Caceres, A., Denney, K. D., Dietrich, M., Done, C., Edelson, R., Efimova, N. V., Eracleous, M., Evans, P. A., Ferland, G. J., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Fox, O. D., Gardner, E., Gates, E. L., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, J. M., Goad, M. R., Gonzalez, L., Gorjian, V., Greene, J. E., Grier, C. J., Grupe, D., Gupta, A., Hall, P. B., Henderson, C. B., Hicks, S., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Joner, M. D., Jones, J., Kaastra, J., Kaspi, S., Kelly, P. L., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, S. C., King, A., Klimanov, S. A., Kochanek, C. S., Korista, K. T., Krongold, Y., Lau, M. W., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Li, Miao, Lira, P., Lochhaas, C., Ma, Zhiyuan, MacInnis, F., Malkan, M. A., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mathur, S., Mauerhan, J. C., McGurk, R., Hardy, I. M. Mc, Montuori, C., Morelli, L., Mosquera, A., Mudd, D., Mueller-Sanchez, F., Nazarov, S. V., Netzer, H., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Nguyen, M. L., Ochner, P., Okhmat, D. N., Pancoast, A., Papadakis, I., Parks, J. R., Penny, M. T., Pizzella, A., Pogge, R. W., Poleski, R., Pott, J. -U., Proga, D., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Runnoe, J., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Schnuelle, K., Scott, B., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Siegel, M., Simonian, G. V., Siviero, A., Skielboe, A., Somers, G., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Stevens, D. J., Strauss, M. A., Sung, H. -I., Tayar, J., Teems, K. G., Tejos, N., Treu, T., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Van Saders, J ., Vestergaard, M., Vican, L., Villanueva Jr, S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Young, S., Yuk, H., Zakamska, N. L., Zheng, W., Zhu, W., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report velocity-delay maps for prominent broad emission lines, Ly_alpha, CIV, HeII and H_beta, in the spectrum of NGC5548. The emission-line responses inhabit the interior of a virial envelope. The velocity-delay maps reveal stratified ionization structure. The HeII response inside 5-10 light-days has a broad single-peaked velocity profile. The Ly_alpha, CIV, and H_beta responses peak inside 10 light-days, extend outside 20 light-days, and exhibit a velocity profile with two peaks separated by 5000 km/s in the 10 to 20 light-day delay range. The velocity-delay maps show that the M-shaped lag vs velocity structure found in previous cross-correlation analysis is the signature of a Keplerian disk with a well-defined outer edge at R=20 light-days. The outer wings of the M arise from the virial envelope, and the U-shaped interior of the M is the lower half of an ellipse in the velocity-delay plane. The far-side response is weaker than that from the near side, so that we see clearly the lower half, but only faintly the upper half, of the velocity--delay ellipse. The delay tau=(R/c)(1-sin(i))=5 light-days at line center is from the near edge of the inclined ring, giving the inclination i=45 deg. A black hole mass of M=7x10^7 Msun is consistent with the velocity-delay structure. A barber-pole pattern with stripes moving from red to blue across the CIV and possibly Ly_alpha line profiles suggests the presence of azimuthal structure rotating around the far side of the broad-line region and may be the signature of precession or orbital motion of structures in the inner disk. Further HST observations of NGC 5548 over a multi-year timespan but with a cadence of perhaps 10 days rather than 1 day could help to clarify the nature of this new AGN phenomenon., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, ApJ in press

Published
2020
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23. FcεRIγ-negative NK cells persist in vivo and enhance efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma

Author

Bigley, Austin B, Spade, Shanae, Agha, Nadia H, Biswas, Sujit, Tang, Suni, Malik, Muhammad H, Dai, Lu, Masoumi, Shalaleh, Patiño-Escobar, Bonell, Hale, Martina, DiPierro, Guy, Martell, Ronald, Hann, Byron, Shah, Nina, Wiita, Arun P, and Liu, Xinli

Subjects
Hematology, Rare Diseases, Biotechnology, Cancer, Immunization, Orphan Drug, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.2 Cellular and gene therapies, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Mice, Multiple Myeloma
Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a central component of therapy for hematologic malignancies. Widely used mAb agents in multiple myeloma (MM) include daratumumab and elotuzumab. However, not all patients respond to these agents, and resistance is a significant clinical issue. A recently discovered subset of human natural killer (NK) cells lacking expression of FcεRIγ (g-NK cells) was found to have a multifold increase in antibody-dependent effector functions after CD16 crosslinking. In this study, we tested the capacity of g-NK cells to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs against MM. In vitro, we found that g-NK cells have strikingly superior anti-myeloma cytotoxicity compared with conventional NK (cNK) cells when combined with daratumumab or elotuzumab (∼sixfold; P < .001). In addition, g-NK cells naturally expressed minimal surface CD38 and SLAMF7, which reduced the incidence of therapeutic fratricide. In tumor-naïve murine models, the persistence of g-NK cells in blood and spleen was >10 times higher than that of cNK cells over 31 days (P < .001). In vivo efficacy studies showed that the combination of daratumumab and g-NK cells led to a >99.9% tumor reduction (by flow cytometry analysis) compared with the combination of daratumumab and cNK cells (P < .001). Moreover, treatment with daratumumab and g-NK cells led to complete elimination of myeloma burden in 5 of 7 mice. Collectively, these results underscore the unique ability of g-NK cells to potentiate the activity of therapeutic mAbs and overcome limitations of current off-the-shelf NK cell therapies without the need for cellular irradiation or genetic engineering.

Published
2021

24. A Promotor-Led Pilot Study to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in Latinos: The Juntos Contra El Cáncer Program

Author

Arredondo, Elva M, Dumbauld, Jill, Milla, Maria, Madanat, Hala, Coronado, Gloria D, Haughton, Jessica, Garcia-Bigley, Felipe, Ramers, Christian, Nodora, Jesse, Bharti, Balambal, Lopez, Gabriel, Diaz, Mirna, Marquez, Jessica, and Gupta, Samir

Subjects
Cancer, Prevention, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Health Services, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Colorectal Neoplasms, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Pilot Projects, colorectal cancer, Latinos, cancer prevention, Public Health and Health Services, Curriculum and Pedagogy
Abstract

Background. Latinos have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, despite an overall increase in CRC screening over the past 10 years. To address this disparity, we implemented a promotor-led intervention to increase CRC screening test adherence in community-based settings, connecting community members with a partnering federally qualified health center. Purpose. To evaluate the Juntos Contra el Cáncer/Together Against Cancer (JUNTOS) intervention, by assessing pre-post changes in (1) CRC screening test adherence and (2) CRC knowledge and perceived barriers to CRC screening. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability of program activities. Method. JUNTOS was a group-based intervention, delivered by promotores (community health workers), to promote CRC screening test adherence among Latino adults. The intervention consisted of a culturally tailored 2½-hour interactive workshop followed by an appointment scheduling assistance from a promotor. Workshop participants were Latino adults (males and females) aged 50 to 75 years who were not up-to-date with CRC screening guidelines. We conducted interviews before and 6 to 9 months after the workshop to assess program outcomes. Results. Of the 177 participants included, 118 reported completing the CRC screening test (66.7%) by 6 to 9 months postintervention. We observed baseline to 6- to 9-month increase in CRC knowledge and lower perceived barriers to obtaining CRC screening. Furthermore, the intervention was found to be feasible and acceptable. Conclusion. Results suggest that JUNTOS can be feasibly implemented in partnership with a federally qualified health center. The current study supports group-based CRC interventions in community and clinic settings.

Published
2021

26. Remedying Conflict of Interest Issues in Public Health Bodies.

Author

Bigley, Conor

Subjects
Food research -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Ethical aspects, Campaign funds -- Laws, regulations and rules, Lobbying -- Laws, regulations and rules, Conflict of interests (Agency) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Research ethics -- Laws, regulations and rules, Legal ethics -- Laws, regulations and rules, Medical ethics -- Laws, regulations and rules, United States. Department of Agriculture -- Evaluation -- Ethical aspects, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Evaluation -- Ethical aspects, Government regulation
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for a majority of worldwide annual deaths. Common NCDs like heart disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes cause decreased quality of life and premature [...]

Published
2023

27. Heterozygous mutations in the C-terminal domain of COPA underlie a complex autoinflammatory syndrome

Author

Delafontaine, Selket, Iannuzzo, Alberto, Bigley, Tarin M., Mylemans, Bram, Rana, Ruchit, Baatsen, Pieter, Poli, Maria Cecilia, Rymen, Daisy, Jansen, Katrien, Mekahli, Djalila, Casteels, Ingele, Cassiman, Catherine, Demaerel, Philippe, Lepelley, Alice, Fremond, Marie-Louise, Schrijvers, Rik, Vints, Xavier Bossuy Katlijn, Huybrechts, Wim, Tacine, Rachida, Willekens, Karen, Corveleyn, Anniek, Boeckx, Bram, Baggio, Marco, Ehlers, Lisa, Munck, Sebastian, Lambrechts, Diether, Moens, Arnout VoeLeen, Bucciol, Giorgia, Cooper, Megan A., Davis, Carla M., Delon, Jerome, and Meyts, Isabelle

Subjects
Interferon, Family, Autoimmunity, B cells -- Genetic aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Mutations in the N-terminal WD40 domain of coatomer protein complex subunit a (COPA) cause a type I interferonopathy, typically characterized by alveolar hemorrhage, arthritis, and nephritis. We described 3 heterozygous mutations in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of COPA (p.C1013S, p.R1058C, and p.R1142X) in 6 children from 3 unrelated families with a similar syndrome of autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We showed that these CTD COPA mutations disrupt the integrity and the function of coat protein complex I (COPI). In [COPA.sup.R1142X] and [COPA.sup.R1058C] fibroblasts, we demonstrated that COPI dysfunction causes both an anterograde ER-to-Golgi and a retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking defect. The disturbed intracellular trafficking resulted in a cGAS/STING-dependent upregulation of the type I IFN signaling in patients and patient-derived cell lines, albeit through a distinct molecular mechanism in comparison with mutations in the WD40 domain of COPA. We showed that CTD COPA mutations induce an activation of ER stress and NF-[kappa]B signaling in patient-derived primary cell lines. These results demonstrate the importance of the integrity of the CTD of COPA for COPI function and homeostatic intracellular trafficking, essential to ER homeostasis. CTD COPA mutations result in disease by increased ER stress, disturbed intracellular transport, and increased proinflammatory signaling., Introduction The COPA gene encodes coatomer protein complex subunit [alpha] (COPA) (1). COPA was described in 1991 as a coat subunit of Golgi derived non-clathrin-coated vesicles, later termed 'coatomer' (2, [...]

Published
2024
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28. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. IX. Velocity–Delay Maps for Broad Emission Lines in NGC 5548

Author

Horne, Keith, De Rosa, G, Peterson, BM, Barth, AJ, Ely, J, Fausnaugh, MM, Kriss, GA, Pei, L, Bentz, MC, Cackett, EM, Edelson, R, Eracleous, M, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Kaastra, J, Kochanek, CS, Krongold, Y, Mathur, S, Netzer, H, Proga, D, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Villforth, C, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Bennert, VN, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Borman, GA, Boroson, TA, Bottorff, MC, Brandt, WN, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Canalizo, G, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Corsini, EM, Crenshaw, DM, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Bontà, E Dalla, Deason, AJ, Dehghanian, M, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, Denney, KD, Dietrich, M, Done, C, Efimova, NV, Evans, PA, Ferland, GJ, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Fox, OD, Gardner, E, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Greene, JE, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TW-S, Hutchison, T, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Jones, J, Kaspi, S, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, S, Kim, SC, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Korista, KT, Lau, MW, Lee, JC, Leonard, DC, Li, Miao, Lira, P, Lochhaas, C, Ma, Zhiyuan, MacInnis, F, Malkan, MA, Manne-Nicholas, ER, and Mauerhan, JC

Subjects
astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

In this contribution, we achieve the primary goal of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) STORM campaign by recovering velocity-delay maps for the prominent broad emission lines (Lyα, C iv, He ii, and Hβ) in the spectrum of NGC 5548. These are the most detailed velocity-delay maps ever obtained for an AGN, providing unprecedented information on the geometry, ionization structure, and kinematics of the broad-line region. Virial envelopes enclosing the emission-line responses show that the reverberating gas is bound to the black hole. A stratified ionization structure is evident. The He ii response inside 5-10 lt-day has a broad single-peaked velocity profile. The Lyα, C iv, and Hβ responses extend from inside 2 to outside 20 lt-day, with double peaks at ±2500 km s-1 in the 10-20 lt-day delay range. An incomplete ellipse in the velocity-delay plane is evident in Hβ. We interpret the maps in terms of a Keplerian disk with a well-defined outer rim at R = 20 lt-day. The far-side response is weaker than that from the near side. The line-center delay days gives the inclination i ≈ 45°. The inferred black hole mass is M BH ≈ 7 × 107 M o˙. In addition to reverberations, the fit residuals confirm that emission-line fluxes are depressed during the "BLR Holiday"identified in previous work. Moreover, a helical "Barber-Pole"pattern, with stripes moving from red to blue across the C iv and Lyα line profiles, suggests azimuthal structure rotating with a 2 yr period that may represent precession or orbital motion of inner-disk structures casting shadows on the emission-line region farther out.

Published
2021

29. Factors associated with reintegration trajectory following female genital fistula surgery in UgandaAJOG MFM at a Glance

Author

Rachel Bigley, MD, MS, Justus Barageine, MD, PhD, Hadija Nalubwama, MPH, John Neuhaus, PhD, Ashley Mitchell, MPH, Suellen Miller, PhD, Susan Obore, MD, Josaphat Byamugisha, MD, PhD, Abner Korn, MD, and Alison M. El Ayadi, ScD

Subjects
female genital fistula, global health, obstetrics and gynecology, reintegration, reproductive psychiatry, stillbirth, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A female genital fistula, primarily caused by prolonged obstructed labor or after cesarean delivery in resource-limited countries, affects 500,000 to 2,000,000 women worldwide. Fistula is preventable with timely access to high-quality obstetrical care. Access to surgical repair of a female genital fistula has greatly increased over time. However, research surrounding postrepair reintegration, the process of returning to an individual's normal life, remains limited, and further efforts are needed to understand the factors shaping women's ability to rebuild their relationships and lives following repair. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the 12-month reintegration trajectory after female genital fistula repair by participant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed quantitative survey and medical record data of women (N=60) participating in a longitudinal cohort study assessing recovery after genital fistula repair in Uganda, with baseline and 4 quarterly follow-up assessments in 12 months. The primary outcome of reintegration was assessed using a 19-item postfistula repair reintegration instrument (range, 0–100) where a higher score represents better reintegration. Predictors of interest included parity and living children, quality of life, depressive symptoms at baseline, self-esteem, stigma, trauma, physical symptoms, and social support. We described participant baseline characteristics using means and proportions and estimated a series of mixed-effects linear regression models, including interactions of characteristics with time to understand how these characteristics influence reintegration trajectory in the 12 months after repair. RESULTS: The participants’ physical and psychosocial morbidities at baseline were high; more than 80% of participants reported fistula-related physical symptoms, 82% of participants described their general health as poor, and measures of self-esteem, overall social support, and overall quality of life were low. The mean reintegration score at baseline was 33 (standard deviation, 20), which increased to 78 (standard deviation, 19) at 12 months after fistula repair. The participant sociodemographic characteristics statistically associated with reintegration included any living children (β, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, −0.08 to 2.23). Moreover, psychosocial factors significantly affected reintegration with steeper trajectories for women with depressive symptoms (β, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–1.75) or women experiencing internalized stigma (β, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, −0.00 to 0.11) and less steep for those with higher self-esteem (β, −0.11; 95% confidence interval, −0.24 to 0.01), overall social support (β, −0.06; 95% confidence interval, −0.12 to −0.01), and partner support (β, −0.21; 95% confidence interval, −0.35 to −0.07). CONCLUSION: Understanding the prominent factors associated with differences in reintegration trajectories across the year after genital fistula surgery has the potential to inform interventions that mitigate challenges and improve women's postrepair recovery experiences.

Published
2023
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30. The Berkeley sample of Type II supernovae: BVRI light curves and spectroscopy of 55 SNe II

Author

de Jaeger, T., Zheng, W., Stahl, B. E., Filippenko, A. V., Brink, T. G., Bigley, A., Blanchard, K., Blanchard, P. K., Bradley, J., Cargill, S. K., Casper, C., Cenko, S. B., Channa, S., Choi, B. Y., Clubb, K. I., Cobb, B. E., Cohen, D., de Kouchkovsky, M., Ellison, M., Falcon, E., Fox, O. D., Fuller, K., Ganeshalingam, M., Gould, C., Graham, M. L., Halevi, G., Hayakawa, K. T., Hestenes, J., Hyland, M. P., Jeffers, B., Joubert, N., Kandrashoff, M. T., Kelly, P. L., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kumar, S., Leonard, E. J., Li, G. Z., Lowe, T. B., Lu, P., Mason, M., McAllister, K. J., Mauerhan, J. C., Modjaz, M., Molloy, J., Perley, D. A., Pina, K., Poznanski, D., Ross, T. W., Shivvers, I., Silverman, J. M., Soler, C., Stegman, S., Taylor, S., Tang, K., Wilkins, A., Wang, Xiaofeng, Wang, Xianggao, Yuk, H., Yunus, S., and Zhang, K. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In this work, BV RI light curves of 55 Type II supernovae (SNe II) from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search program obtained with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope and the 1 m Nickel telescope from 2006 to 2018 are presented. Additionally, more than 150 spectra gathered with the 3 m Shane telescope are published. We conduct an analyse of the peak absolute magnitudes, decline rates, and time durations of different phases of the light and colour curves. Typically, our light curves are sampled with a median cadence of 5.5 days for a total of 5093 photometric points. In average V-band plateau declines with a rate of 1.29 mag (100 days)-1, which is consistent with previously published samples. For each band, the plateau slope correlates with the plateau length and the absolute peak magnitude: SNe II with steeper decline have shorter plateau duration and are brighter. A time-evolution analysis of spectral lines in term of velocities and pseudoequivalent widths is also presented in this paper. Our spectroscopic sample ranges between 1 and 200 days post-explosion and has a median ejecta expansion velocity at 50 days post-explosion of 6500 km/s (Halpha line) and a standard dispersion of 2000 km/s. Nebular spectra are in good agreement with theoretical models using a progenitor star having a mass <16 Msol. All the data are available to the community and will help to understand SN II diversity better, and therefore to improve their utility as cosmological distance indicators., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019
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31. Lick Observatory Supernova Search Follow-Up Program: Photometry Data Release of 93 Type Ia Supernovae

Author

Stahl, Benjamin E., Zheng, WeiKang, de Jaeger, Thomas, Filippenko, Alexei V., Bigley, Andrew, Blanchard, Kyle, Blanchard, Peter K., Brink, Thomas G., Cargill, Samantha K., Casper, Chadwick, Channa, Sanyum, Choi, Byung Yun, Choksi, Nick, Chu, Jason, Clubb, Kelsey I., Cohen, Daniel P., Ellison, Michael, Falcon, Edward, Fazeli, Pegah, Fuller, Kiera, Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Gates, Elinor L., Gould, Carolina, Halevi, Goni, Hayakawa, Kevin T., Hestenes, Julia, Jeffers, Benjamin T., Joubert, Niels, Kandrashoff, Michael T., Kim, Minkyu, Kim, Haejung, Kislak, Michelle E., Kleiser, Io, Kong, Jason J., de Kouchkovsky, Maxime, Krishnan, Daniel, Kumar, Sahana, Leja, Joel, Leonard, Erin J., Li, Gary Z., Li, Weidong, Lu, Philip, Mason, Michelle N., Molloy, Jeffrey, Pina, Kenia, Rex, Jacob, Ross, Timothy W., Stegman, Samantha, Tang, Kevin, Thrasher, Patrick, Wang, Xianggao, Wilkins, Andrew, Yuk, Heechan, Yunus, Sameen, and Zhang, Keto

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present BVRI and unfiltered light curves of 93 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) follow-up program conducted between 2005 and 2018. Our sample consists of 78 spectroscopically normal SNe Ia, with the remainder divided between distinct subclasses (three SN 1991bg-like, three SN 1991T-like, four SNe Iax, two peculiar, and three super-Chandrasekhar events), and has a median redshift of 0.0192. The SNe in our sample have a median coverage of 16 photometric epochs at a cadence of 5.4 days, and the median first observed epoch is ~4.6 days before maximum B-band light. We describe how the SNe in our sample are discovered, observed, and processed, and we compare the results from our newly developed automated photometry pipeline to those from the previous processing pipeline used by LOSS. After investigating potential biases, we derive a final systematic uncertainty of 0.03 mag in BVRI for our dataset. We perform an analysis of our light curves with particular focus on using template fitting to measure the parameters that are useful in standardising SNe Ia as distance indicators. All of the data are available to the community, and we encourage future studies to incorporate our light curves in their analyses., Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019
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32. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum

Author

Kriss, G. A., De Rosa, G., Ely, J., Peterson, B. M., Kaastra, J., Mehdipour, M., Ferland, G. J., Dehghanian, M., Mathur, S., Edelson, R., Korista, K. T., Arav, N., Barth, A. J., Bentz, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Crenshaw, D. M., Bontà, E. Dalla, Denney, K. D., Done, C., Eracleous, M., Fausnaugh, M. M., Gardner, E., Goad, M. R., Grier, C. J., Horne, Keith, Kochanek, C. S., Mchardy, I. M., Netzer, H., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Pogge, R. W., Proga, D., Silva, C., Tejos, N., Vestergaard, M., Adams, S. M., Anderson, M. D., Arévalo, P., Beatty, T G., Behar, E., Bennert, V. N., Bianchi, S., Bigley, A., Bisogni, S., Boissay-Malaquin, R., Borman, G. A., Bottorff, M. C., Breeveld, A. A., Brotherton, M., Brown, J. E., Brown, J. S., Cackett, E. M., Canalizo, G., Cappi, M., Carini, M. T., Clubb, K. I., Comerford, J. M., Coker, C. T., Corsini, E. M., Costantini, E., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Deason, A. J., De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A., De Marco, B., Dietrich, M., Di Gesu, L., Ebrero, J., Evans, P. A., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Gates, E. L., Gehrels, N., Geier, Z S., Gelbord, J. M., Gonzalez, L., Gorjian, V., Grupe, D., Gupta, A., Hall, P. B., Henderson, C. B., Hicks, S., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T. A., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Joner, M. D., Kaspi, S., Kelly, B. C., Kelly, P. L., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. Y., King, A., Klimanov, S. A., Krongold, Y., Lau, M. W., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Li, Miao, Lira, P., Lochhaas, C., Ma, Zhiyuan, Macinnis, F., Malkan, M. A., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Matt, G., Mauerhan, J. C., Mcgurk, R., Montuori, C., Morelli, L., Mosquera, A., Mudd, D., Müller-Sánchez, F., Nazarov, S. V., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Nguyen, M. L., Ochner, P., Okhmat, D. N., Paltani, S., Parks, J. R., Pinto, C., Pizzella, A., Poleski, R., Ponti, G., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Runnoe, J., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Schnülle, K., Scott, B., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Siegel, M., Simonian, G. V., Siviero, A., Skielboe, A., Somers, G., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Stevens, D. J., Sung, H. -I., Tayar, J., Teems, K. G., Treu, T., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Van Saders, J ., Vican, L., Villforth, C., Villanueva Jr., S., Walton, D. J., Waters, T., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Yuk, H., Zheng, W., Zhu, W., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We model the ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC~5548 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope during the 6-month reverberation-mapping campaign in 2014. Our model of the emission from NGC 5548 corrects for overlying absorption and deblends the individual emission lines. Using the modeled spectra, we measure the response to continuum variations for the deblended and absorption-corrected individual broad emission lines, the velocity-dependent profiles of Ly$\alpha$ and C IV, and the narrow and broad intrinsic absorption features. We find that the time lags for the corrected emission lines are comparable to those for the original data. The velocity-binned lag profiles of Ly$\alpha$ and C IV have a double-peaked structure indicative of a truncated Keplerian disk. The narrow absorption lines show delayed response to continuum variations corresponding to recombination in gas with a density of $\sim 10^5~\rm cm^{-3}$. The high-ionization narrow absorption lines decorrelate from continuum variations during the same period as the broad emission lines. Analyzing the response of these absorption lines during this period shows that the ionizing flux is diminished in strength relative to the far-ultraviolet continuum. The broad absorption lines associated with the X-ray obscurer decrease in strength during this same time interval. The appearance of X-ray obscuration in $\sim\,2012$ corresponds with an increase in the luminosity of NGC 5548 following an extended low state. We suggest that the obscurer is a disk wind triggered by the brightening of NGC 5548 following the decrease in size of the broad-line region during the preceding low-luminosity state., Comment: 50 pages, 30 figures, uses aastex62.cls. Accepted for publication in ApJ, 07/06/2019. High-level products page in MAST will go live after 7/15/2019. Replaced Figure 4 on 7/12/2019 to be more red/green color-blind friendly

Published
2019
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33. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XII. Broad-line Region Modeling of NGC 5548

Author

Williams, PR, Pancoast, A, Treu, T, Brewer, BJ, Peterson, BM, Barth, AJ, Malkan, MA, Rosa, GD, Horne, K, Kriss, GA, Arav, N, Bentz, MC, Cackett, EM, Bontà, ED, Dehghanian, M, Done, C, Ferland, GJ, Grier, CJ, Kaastra, J, Kara, E, Kochanek, CS, Mathur, S, Mehdipour, M, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Vestergaard, M, Waters, T, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Bennert, VN, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Borman, GA, Boroson, TA, Bottorff, MC, Brandt, WN, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Canalizo, G, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Corsini, EM, Crenshaw, DM, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, Lorenzo-Cáceres, AD, Denney, KD, Dietrich, M, Edelson, R, Efimova, NV, Ely, J, Evans, PA, Fausnaugh, MM, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Fox, OD, Gardner, E, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Greene, JE, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TWS, Hutchison, T, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Jones, J, Kaspi, S, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, S, Kim, SC, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Knigge, C, Krongold, Y, Lau, MW, Lee, JC, Leonard, DC, Li, M, Lira, P, Lochhaas, C, and Ma, Z

Subjects
Active galaxies, Active galactic nuclei, Reverberation mapping, Seyfert galaxies, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We present geometric and dynamical modeling of the broad line region (BLR) for the multi-wavelength reverberation mapping campaign focused on NGC 5548 in 2014. The data set includes photometric and spectroscopic monitoring in the optical and ultraviolet, covering the Hβ, C iv, and Ly broad emission lines. We find an extended disk-like Hβ BLR with a mixture of near-circular and outflowing gas trajectories, while the C iv and Ly BLRs are much less extended and resemble shell-like structures. There is clear radial structure in the BLR, with C iv and Ly emission arising at smaller radii than the Hβ emission. Using the three lines, we make three independent black hole mass measurements, all of which are consistent. Combining these results gives a joint inference of . We examine the effect of using the V band instead of the UV continuum light curve on the results and find a size difference that is consistent with the measured UV-optical time lag, but the other structural and kinematic parameters remain unchanged, suggesting that the V band is a suitable proxy for the ionizing continuum when exploring the BLR structure and kinematics. Finally, we compare the Hβ results to similar models of data obtained in 2008 when the active galactic nucleus was at a lower luminosity state. We find that the size of the emitting region increased during this time period, but the geometry and black hole mass remained unchanged, which confirms that the BLR kinematics suitably gauge the gravitational field of the central black hole.

Published
2020

34. Between Public and Private: Care Workers, Fissuring, and Labor Law.

Author

Bigley, Kyle

Subjects
Public employees -- Compensation and benefits -- Laws, regulations and rules, Public-private sector cooperation -- Human resource management -- Laws, regulations and rules, Caregivers -- Compensation and benefits -- Laws, regulations and rules, Wages -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Salary, Company personnel management, National Labor Relations Act
Abstract

NOTE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 253 1. PUBLIC-PRIVATE FISSURING 258 A. The Public-Private Structure of the Care Economy 260 1. Medicaid 262 2. Childcare 265 B. Public-Private Fissuring 267 l. The Concept [...], In the childcare and home-care sectors of the "care economy," wages are low and working conditions are poor, driving high turnover and inadequate access to care. This Note introduces the concept of "public-private fissuring" and identifies it as one mechanism that devalues care. Although states set wages and regulate working conditions, care workers covered by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) cannot bargain with these public entities under National Labor Relations Board supervision, inhibiting meaningful bargaining. To address this challenge, this Note argues that states should recognize their implicit joint-employer relationship with these workers, enabling care workers to bargain with the state over state-controlled employment conditions without impeding their ability to bargain with private employers under the NLRA.

Published
2022

35. Lineage switching of the cellular distribution of BRAFV600E in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Author

Milne, Paul, Bomken, Simon, Slater, Olga, Kumar, Ashish, Nelson, Adam, Roy, Somak, Velazquez, Jessica, Mankad, Kshitij, Nicholson, James, Yeomanson, Dan, Grundy, Richard, Kamal, Ahmed, Penn, Anthony, Pears, Jane, Millen, Gerard, Morland, Bruce, Hayden, James, Lam, Jason, Madkhali, Maymoon, MacDonald, Jamie, Singh, Preeti, Pagan, Sarah, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, Minkov, Milen, Donadieu, Jean, Picarsic, Jennifer, Allen, Carl, Bigley, Venetia, and Collin, Matthew

Published
2023
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36. Health Equity Implications of Missing Data Among Youths With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry

Author

Woo, Jennifer M. P., Simmonds, Faith, Dennos, Anne, Son, Mary Beth F., Lewandowski, Laura B., Rubinstein, Tamar B., Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Manzoni, S. Magni, Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., Stokes, P. McCurdy, McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Dewitt, E. Morgan, Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., OʼBrien, B., OʼBrien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., OʼNeil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Phillippi, K., Marafon, D. Pires, Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster‐Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Rakovchik, Y. Sterba, Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Muskardin, T. Wampler, Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.

Published
2023
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40. Lick Observatory Supernova Search follow-up program: photometry data release of 93 Type Ia supernovae

Author

Stahl, Benjamin E, Zheng, WeiKang, de Jaeger, Thomas, Filippenko, Alexei V, Bigley, Andrew, Blanchard, Kyle, Blanchard, Peter K, Brink, Thomas G, Cargill, Samantha K, Casper, Chadwick, Channa, Sanyum, Choi, Byung Yun, Choksi, Nick, Chu, Jason, Clubb, Kelsey I, Cohen, Daniel P, Ellison, Michael, Falcon, Edward, Fazeli, Pegah, Fuller, Kiera, Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Gates, Elinor L, Gould, Carolina, Halevi, Goni, Hayakawa, Kevin T, Hestenes, Julia, Jeffers, Benjamin T, Joubert, Niels, Kandrashoff, Michael T, Kim, Minkyu, Kim, Haejung, Kislak, Michelle E, Kleiser, Io, Kong, Jason J, de Kouchkovsky, Maxime, Krishnan, Daniel, Kumar, Sahana, Leja, Joel, Leonard, Erin J, Li, Gary Z, Li, Weidong, Lu, Philip, Mason, Michelle N, Molloy, Jeffrey, Pina, Kenia, Rex, Jacob, Ross, Timothy W, Stegman, Samantha, Tang, Kevin, Thrasher, Patrick, Wang, Xianggao, Wilkins, Andrew, Yuk, Heechan, Yunus, Sameen, and Zhang, Keto

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, supernovae: general, galaxies: distances and redshifts, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We present BVRI and unfiltered light curves of 93 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) follow-up program conducted between 2005 and 2018. Our sample consists of 78 spectroscopically normal SNe Ia, with the remainder divided between distinct subclasses (3 SN 1991bg-like, 3 SN 1991T-like, 4 SNe Iax, 2 peculiar, and 3 super-Chandrasekhar events), and has a median redshift of 0.0192. The SNe in our sample have a median coverage of 16 photometric epochs at a cadence of 5.4 d, and the median first observed epoch is ∼4.6 d before maximum B-band light. We describe how the SNe in our sample are discovered, observed, and processed, and we compare the results from our newly developed automated photometry pipeline to those from the previous processing pipeline used by LOSS. After investigating potential biases, we derive a final systematic uncertainty of 0.03 mag in BVRI for our data set. We perform an analysis of our light curves with particular focus on using template fitting to measure the parameters that are useful in standardizing SNe Ia as distance indicators. All of the data are available to the community, and we encourage future studies to incorporate our light curves in their analyses.

Published
2019

41. Diagnostic colonoscopy completion after abnormal fecal immunochemical testing and quality of tests used at 8 Federally Qualified Health Centers in Southern California: Opportunities for improving screening outcomes

Author

Bharti, Balambal, May, Folasade Popoola, Nodora, Jesse, Martínez, María Elena, Moyano, Karina, Davis, Shauntay L, Ramers, Christian B, Garcia‐Bigley, Felipe, O'Connell, Shawne, Ronan, Kevin, Barajas, Melissa, Gordon, Sheree, Diaz, Giselle, Ceja, Evelyn, Powers, Meghan, Arredondo, Elva M, and Gupta, Samir

Subjects
Public Health, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Cancer, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Clinical Research, Health Services, Prevention, Aging, Social Determinants of Health, Digestive Diseases, Adolescent, Adult, California, Colonoscopy, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Early Detection of Cancer, Feces, Female, Humans, Immunochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, abnormal fecal immunochemical test, colorectal cancer, Federally Qualified Health Center, Hispanic, screening, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundThe effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) of stool blood depends on high rates of colonoscopy follow-up for abnormal FITs and the use of high-quality tests. This study characterized colonoscopy referral and completion among patients with abnormal FITs and the types of FITs implemented in a sample of Southern California Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).MethodsFQHCs in San Diego, Imperial, and Los Angeles Counties were invited to define a cohort of ≥150 consecutive patients with abnormal FITs in 2015-2016 and to provide data on sex, insurance status, diagnostic colonoscopy referrals and completion within 6 months of abnormal FITs, and the types (brands) of FITs implemented. The primary outcomes were the proportions with colonoscopy referrals and completion for all patients at each FQHC and in aggregate.ResultsEight FQHCs provided data for 1229 patients with abnormal FITs; 46% were male, and 20% were uninsured. Among patients with abnormal FITs, 89% (1091 of 1229; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.91) had a colonoscopy referral, and 44% (539 of 1229; 95% CI, 0.41-0.47) had colonoscopy completion. Across FQHCs, the range for colonoscopy referral was 73% to 96%, and the range for completion was 18% to 57%. Six of the 8 FQHCs (75%) reported FIT brands with limited data to support their effectiveness.ConclusionsIn a sample of Southern California FQHCs, diagnostic colonoscopy completion after abnormal FITs was substantially below the nationally recommended benchmark to achieve 80% completion, and the use of FIT brands with limited data to support their effectiveness was high. These findings suggest a need for policies and multilevel interventions to promote diagnostic colonoscopy among individuals with abnormal FITs and the use of higher quality FITs.

Published
2019

42. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum

Author

Kriss, GA, De Rosa, G, Ely, J, Peterson, BM, Kaastra, J, Mehdipour, M, Ferland, GJ, Dehghanian, M, Mathur, S, Edelson, R, Korista, KT, Arav, N, Barth, AJ, Bentz, MC, Brandt, WN, Crenshaw, DM, Bontà, E Dalla, Denney, KD, Done, C, Eracleous, M, Fausnaugh, MM, Gardner, E, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Horne, Keith, Kochanek, CS, McHardy, IM, Netzer, H, Pancoast, A, Pei, L, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Silva, C, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Behar, E, Bennert, VN, Bianchi, S, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Boissay-Malaquin, R, Borman, GA, Bottorff, MC, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Cackett, EM, Canalizo, G, Cappi, M, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Coker, CT, Corsini, EM, Costantini, E, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, De Marco, B, Dietrich, M, Di Gesu, L, Ebrero, J, Evans, PA, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TW-S, Hutchison, TA, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Kaspi, S, Kelly, BC, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, SC, Kim, SY, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Krongold, Y, and Lau, MW

Subjects
galaxies: active, galaxies: individual, galaxies: nuclei, galaxies: Seyfert, astro-ph.GA, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

We model the ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope during the 6 month reverberation mapping campaign in 2014. Our model of the emission from NGC 5548 corrects for overlying absorption and deblends the individual emission lines. Using the modeled spectra, we measure the response to continuum variations for the deblended and absorption-corrected individual broad emission lines, the velocity-dependent profiles of Ly and C iv, and the narrow and broad intrinsic absorption features. We find that the time lags for the corrected emission lines are comparable to those for the original data. The velocity-binned lag profiles of Ly and C iv have a double-peaked structure indicative of a truncated Keplerian disk. The narrow absorption lines show a delayed response to continuum variations corresponding to recombination in gas with a density of ∼105 cm-3. The high-ionization narrow absorption lines decorrelate from continuum variations during the same period as the broad emission lines. Analyzing the response of these absorption lines during this period shows that the ionizing flux is diminished in strength relative to the far-ultraviolet continuum. The broad absorption lines associated with the X-ray obscurer decrease in strength during this same time interval. The appearance of X-ray obscuration in ∼2012 corresponds with an increase in the luminosity of NGC 5548 following an extended low state. We suggest that the obscurer is a disk wind triggered by the brightening of NGC 5548 following the decrease in size of the broad-line region during the preceding low-luminosity state.

Published
2019

43. Evidence for hormonal control of heart regenerative capacity during endothermy acquisition

Author

Hirose, Kentaro, Payumo, Alexander Y, Cutie, Stephen, Hoang, Alison, Zhang, Hao, Guyot, Romain, Lunn, Dominic, Bigley, Rachel B, Yu, Hongyao, Wang, Jiajia, Smith, Megan, Gillett, Ellen, Muroy, Sandra E, Schmid, Tobias, Wilson, Emily, Field, Kenneth A, Reeder, DeeAnn M, Maden, Malcom, Yartsev, Michael M, Wolfgang, Michael J, Grützner, Frank, Scanlan, Thomas S, Szweda, Luke I, Buffenstein, Rochelle, Hu, Guang, Flamant, Frederic, Olgin, Jeffrey E, and Huang, Guo N

Subjects
Heart Disease, Regenerative Medicine, Cardiovascular, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Cell Proliferation, Diploidy, Heart, Mice, Myocytes, Cardiac, Phylogeny, Polyploidy, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Regeneration, Signal Transduction, Thyroid Hormones, Zebrafish, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Tissue regenerative potential displays striking divergence across phylogeny and ontogeny, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Loss of mammalian cardiac regenerative potential correlates with cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization as well as the development of postnatal endothermy. We reveal that diploid cardiomyocyte abundance across 41 species conforms to Kleiber's law-the ¾-power law scaling of metabolism with bodyweight-and inversely correlates with standard metabolic rate, body temperature, and serum thyroxine level. Inactivation of thyroid hormone signaling reduces mouse cardiomyocyte polyploidization, delays cell-cycle exit, and retains cardiac regenerative potential in adults. Conversely, exogenous thyroid hormones inhibit zebrafish heart regeneration. Thus, our findings suggest that loss of heart regenerative capacity in adult mammals is triggered by increasing thyroid hormones and may be a trade-off for the acquisition of endothermy.

Published
2019

44. Epigenetic regulator genes direct lineage switching in MLL/AF4 leukemia

Author

Tirtakusuma, Ricky, Szoltysek, Katarzyna, Milne, Paul, Grinev, Vasily V., Ptasinska, Anetta, Chin, Paulynn S., Meyer, Claus, Nakjang, Sirintra, Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y., Williamson, Daniel, Cauchy, Pierre, Keane, Peter, Assi, Salam A., Ashtiani, Minoo, Kellaway, Sophie G., Imperato, Maria R., Vogiatzi, Fotini, Schweighart, Elizabeth K., Lin, Shan, Wunderlich, Mark, Stutterheim, Janine, Komkov, Alexander, Zerkalenkova, Elena, Evans, Paul, McNeill, Hesta, Elder, Alex, Martinez-Soria, Natalia, Fordham, Sarah E., Shi, Yuzhe, Russell, Lisa J., Pal, Deepali, Smith, Alex, Kingsbury, Zoya, Becq, Jennifer, Eckert, Cornelia, Haas, Oskar A., Carey, Peter, Bailey, Simon, Skinner, Roderick, Miakova, Natalia, Collin, Matthew, Bigley, Venetia, Haniffa, Muzlifah, Marschalek, Rolf, Harrison, Christine J., Cargo, Catherine A., Schewe, Denis, Olshanskaya, Yulia, Thirman, Michael J., Cockerill, Peter N., Mulloy, James C., Blair, Helen J., Vormoor, Josef, Allan, James M., Bonifer, Constanze, Heidenreich, Olaf, and Bomken, Simon

Published
2022
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45. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adolescents and adults with inborn errors of immunity: an EBMT IEWP study

Author

Aiuti, Alessandro, Maschan, Alexei, Aljurf, Mahmoud, Gedde-Dahl, Tobias, Gurman, Gunhan, Bordon, Victoria, Kriván, Gergely, Locatelli, Franco, Porta, Fulvio, Valcárcel, David, Beguin, Yves, Faraci, Maura, Kröger, Nicolaus, Kulagin, Aleksandr, Shaw, Peter J., Veelken, Joan Hendrik, Diaz de Heredia, Cristina, Fagioli, Franca, Felber, Matthias, Gruhn, Bernd, Holter, Wolfgang, Rössig, Claudia, Sedlacek, Petr, Apperley, Jane, Ayas, Mouhab, Bodova, Ivana, Choi, Goda, Cornelissen, J.J., Sirvent, Anne, Khan, Anjum, Kupesiz, Alphan, Lenhoff, Stig, Ozdogu, Hakan, von der Weid, Nicolas, Rovira, Montserrat, Schots, Rik, Vinh, Donald C., Albert, Michael H., Sirait, Tiarlan, Eikema, Dirk-Jan, Bakunina, Katerina, Wehr, Claudia, Suarez, Felipe, Fox, Maria Laura, Mahlaoui, Nizar, Gennery, Andrew R., Lankester, Arjan C., Beier, Rita, Bernardo, Maria Ester, Bigley, Venetia, Lindemans, Caroline A., Burns, Siobhan O., Carpenter, Ben, Dybko, Jaroslaw, Güngör, Tayfun, Hauck, Fabian, Lum, Su Han, Balashov, Dmitry, Meisel, Roland, Moshous, Despina, Schulz, Ansgar, Speckmann, Carsten, Slatter, Mary A., Strahm, Brigitte, Uckan-Cetinkaya, Duygu, Meyts, Isabelle, Vallée, Tanja C., Wynn, Robert, Neven, Bénédicte, and Morris, Emma C.

Published
2022
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46. Childhood‐Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short‐Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care

Author

Smitherman, Emily A., Chahine, Rouba A., Beukelman, Timothy, Lewandowski, Laura B., Rahman, A. K. M. Fazlur, Wenderfer, Scott E., Curtis, Jeffrey R., Hersh, Aimee O., Abel, N., Abulaban, K., Adams, A., Adams, M., Agbayani, R., Aiello, J., Akoghlanian, S., Alejandro, C., Allenspach, E., Alperin, R., Alpizar, M., Amarilyo, G., Ambler, W., Anderson, E., Ardoin, S., Armendariz, S., Baker, E., Balboni, I., Balevic, S., Ballenger, L., Ballinger, S., Balmuri, N., Barbar‐Smiley, F., Barillas‐Arias, L., Basiaga, M., Baszis, K., Becker, M., Bell‐Brunson, H., Beltz, E., Benham, H., Benseler, S., Bernal, W., Beukelman, T., Bigley, T., Binstadt, B., Black, C., Blakley, M., Bohnsack, J., Boland, J., Boneparth, A., Bowman, S., Bracaglia, C., Brooks, E., Brothers, M., Brown, A., Brunner, H., Buckley, M., Buckley, M., Bukulmez, H., Bullock, D., Cameron, B., Canna, S., Cannon, L., Carper, P., Cartwright, V., Cassidy, E., Cerracchio, L., Chalom, E., Chang, J., Chang‐Hoftman, A., Chauhan, V., Chira, P., Chinn, T., Chundru, K., Clairman, H., Co, D., Confair, A., Conlon, H., Connor, R., Cooper, A., Cooper, J., Cooper, S., Correll, C., Corvalan, R., Costanzo, D., Cron, R., Curiel‐Duran, L., Curington, T., Curry, M., Dalrymple, A., Davis, A., Davis, C., Davis, C., Davis, T., De Benedetti, F., De Ranieri, D., Dean, J., Dedeoglu, F., DeGuzman, M., Delnay, N., Dempsey, V., DeSantis, E., Dickson, T., Dingle, J., Donaldson, B., Dorsey, E., Dover, S., Dowling, J., Drew, J., Driest, K., Du, Q., Duarte, K., Durkee, D., Duverger, E., Dvergsten, J., Eberhard, A., Eckert, M., Ede, K., Edelheit, B., Edens, C., Edens, C., Edgerly, Y., Elder, M., Ervin, B., Fadrhonc, S., Failing, C., Fair, D., Falcon, M., Favier, L., Federici, S., Feldman, B., Fennell, J., Ferguson, I., Ferguson, P., Ferreira, B., Ferrucho, R., Fields, K., Finkel, T., Fitzgerald, M., Fleming, C., Flynn, O., Fogel, L., Fox, E., Fox, M., Franco, L., Freeman, M., Fritz, K., Froese, S., Fuhlbrigge, R., Fuller, J., George, N., Gerhold, K., Gerstbacher, D., Gilbert, M., Gillispie‐Taylor, M., Giverc, E., Godiwala, C., Goh, I., Goheer, H., Goldsmith, D., Gotschlich, E., Gotte, A., Gottlieb, B., Gracia, C., Graham, T., Grevich, S., Griffin, T., Griswold, J., Grom, A., Guevara, M., Guittar, P., Guzman, M., Hager, M., Hahn, T., Halyabar, O., Hammelev, E., Hance, M., Hanson, A., Harel, L., Haro, S., Harris, J., Harry, O., Hartigan, E., Hausmann, J., Hay, A., Hayward, K., Heiart, J., Hekl, K., Henderson, L., Henrickson, M., Hersh, A., Hickey, K., Hill, P., Hillyer, S., Hiraki, L., Hiskey, M., Hobday, P., Hoffart, C., Holland, M., Hollander, M., Hong, S., Horwitz, M., Hsu, J., Huber, A., Huggins, J., Hui‐Yuen, J., Hung, C., Huntington, J., Huttenlocher, A., Ibarra, M., Imundo, L., Inman, C., Insalaco, A., Jackson, A., Jackson, S., James, K., Janow, G., Jaquith, J., Jared, S., Johnson, N., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, J., Jones, K., Jones, S., Joshi, S., Jung, L., Justice, C., Justiniano, A., Karan, N., Kaufman, K., Kemp, A., Kessler, E., Khalsa, U., Kienzle, B., Kim, S., Kimura, Y., Kingsbury, D., Kitcharoensakkul, M., Klausmeier, T., Klein, K., Klein‐Gitelman, M., Kompelien, B., Kosikowski, A., Kovalick, L., Kracker, J., Kramer, S., Kremer, C., Lai, J., Lam, J., Lang, B., Lapidus, S., Lapin, B., Lasky, A., Latham, D., Lawson, E., Laxer, R., Lee, P., Lee, P., Lee, T., Lentini, L., Lerman, M., Levy, D., Li, S., Lieberman, S., Lim, L., Lin, C., Ling, N., Lingis, M., Lo, M., Lovell, D., Lowman, D., Luca, N., Lvovich, S., Madison, C., Madison, J., Manzoni, S. Magni, Malla, B., Maller, J., Malloy, M., Mannion, M., Manos, C., Marques, L., Martyniuk, A., Mason, T., Mathus, S., McAllister, L., McCarthy, K., McConnell, K., McCormick, E., McCurdy, D., Stokes, P. McCurdy, McGuire, S., McHale, I., McMonagle, A., McMullen‐Jackson, C., Meidan, E., Mellins, E., Mendoza, E., Mercado, R., Merritt, A., Michalowski, L., Miettunen, P., Miller, M., Milojevic, D., Mirizio, E., Misajon, E., Mitchell, M., Modica, R., Mohan, S., Moore, K., Moorthy, L., Morgan, S., Dewitt, E. Morgan, Moss, C., Moussa, T., Mruk, V., Murphy, A., Muscal, E., Nadler, R., Nahal, B., Nanda, K., Nasah, N., Nassi, L., Nativ, S., Natter, M., Neely, J., Nelson, B., Newhall, L., Ng, L., Nicholas, J., Nicolai, R., Nigrovic, P., Nocton, J., Nolan, B., Oberle, E., Obispo, B., OʼBrien, B., OʼBrien, T., Okeke, O., Oliver, M., Olson, J., OʼNeil, K., Onel, K., Orandi, A., Orlando, M., Osei‐Onomah, S., Oz, R., Pagano, E., Paller, A., Pan, N., Panupattanapong, S., Pardeo, M., Paredes, J., Parsons, A., Patel, J., Pentakota, K., Pepmueller, P., Pfeiffer, T., Phillippi, K., Marafon, D. Pires, Phillippi, K., Ponder, L., Pooni, R., Prahalad, S., Pratt, S., Protopapas, S., Puplava, B., Quach, J., Quinlan‐Waters, M., Rabinovich, C., Radhakrishna, S., Rafko, J., Raisian, J., Rakestraw, A., Ramirez, C., Ramsay, E., Ramsey, S., Randell, R., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reed, A., Reid, H., Remmel, K., Repp, A., Reyes, A., Richmond, A., Riebschleger, M., Ringold, S., Riordan, M., Riskalla, M., Ritter, M., Rivas‐Chacon, R., Robinson, A., Rodela, E., Rodriquez, M., Rojas, K., Ronis, T., Rosenkranz, M., Rosolowski, B., Rothermel, H., Rothman, D., Roth‐Wojcicki, E., Rouster – Stevens, K., Rubinstein, T., Ruth, N., Saad, N., Sabbagh, S., Sacco, E., Sadun, R., Sandborg, C., Sanni, A., Santiago, L., Sarkissian, A., Savani, S., Scalzi, L., Schanberg, L., Scharnhorst, S., Schikler, K., Schlefman, A., Schmeling, H., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, E., Schneider, R., Schollaert‐Fitch, K., Schulert, G., Seay, T., Seper, C., Shalen, J., Sheets, R., Shelly, A., Shenoi, S., Shergill, K., Shirley, J., Shishov, M., Shivers, C., Silverman, E., Singer, N., Sivaraman, V., Sletten, J., Smith, A., Smith, C., Smith, J., Smith, J., Smitherman, E., Soep, J., Son, M., Spence, S., Spiegel, L., Spitznagle, J., Sran, R., Srinivasalu, H., Stapp, H., Steigerwald, K., Rakovchik, Y. Sterba, Stern, S., Stevens, A., Stevens, B., Stevenson, R., Stewart, K., Stingl, C., Stokes, J., Stoll, M., Stringer, E., Sule, S., Sumner, J., Sundel, R., Sutter, M., Syed, R., Syverson, G., Szymanski, A., Taber, S., Tal, R., Tambralli, A., Taneja, A., Tanner, T., Tapani, S., Tarshish, G., Tarvin, S., Tate, L., Taxter, A., Taylor, J., Terry, M., Tesher, M., Thatayatikom, A., Thomas, B., Tiffany, K., Ting, T., Tipp, A., Toib, D., Torok, K., Toruner, C., Tory, H., Toth, M., Tse, S., Tubwell, V., Twilt, M., Uriguen, S., Valcarcel, T., Van Mater, H., Vannoy, L., Varghese, C., Vasquez, N., Vazzana, K., Vehe, R., Veiga, K., Velez, J., Verbsky, J., Vilar, G., Volpe, N., von Scheven, E., Vora, S., Wagner, J., Wagner‐Weiner, L., Wahezi, D., Waite, H., Walker, J., Walters, H., Muskardin, T. Wampler, Waqar, L., Waterfield, M., Watson, M., Watts, A., Weiser, P., Weiss, J., Weiss, P., Wershba, E., White, A., Williams, C., Wise, A., Woo, J., Woolnough, L., Wright, T., Wu, E., Yalcindag, A., Yee, M., Yen, E., Yeung, R., Yomogida, K., Yu, Q., Zapata, R., Zartoshti, A., Zeft, A., Zeft, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., and Zic, C.

Published
2023
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47. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VII. Understanding the UV anomaly in NGC 5548 with X-Ray Spectroscopy

Author

Mathur, S., Gupta, A., Page, K., Pogge, R. W., Krongold, Y., Goad, M. R., Adams, S. M., Anderson, M. D., Arevalo, P., Barth, A. J., Bazhaw, C., Beatty, T. G., Bentz, M. C., Bigley, A., Bisogni, S., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Breeveld, A. A., Brown, J. E., Brown, J. S., Cackett, E. M., Canalizo, G., Carini, M. T., Clubb, K. I., Comerford, J. M., Coker, C. T., Corsini, E. M., Crenshaw, D. M., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Bonta, E. Dalla, Deason, A. J., Denney, K. D., De Lorenzo-Caceres, A., De Rosa, G., Dietrich, M., Edelson, R., Ely, J., Eracleous, M., Evans, P. A., Fausnaugh, M. M., Ferland, G. J., Filippenko, A. V., Flatland, K., Fox, O. D., Gates, E. L., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, J. M., Gorjian, V., Greene, J. E., Grier, C. J., Grupe, D., Hall, P. B., Henderson, C. B., Hicks, S., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Horenstein, D., Horne, Keith, Hutchison, T., Im, M., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Joner, M. D., Jones, J., Kaastra, J., Kaspi, S., Kelly, B. C., Kelly, P. L., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, S. C., King, A., Klimanov, S. A., Kochanek, C. S., Korista, K. T., Kriss, G. A., Lau, M. W., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Li, M., Lira, P., Ma, Z., MacInnis, F., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Malkan, M. A., Mauerhan, J. C., McGurk, R., McHardy, I. M., Montouri, C., Morelli, L., Mosquera, A., Mudd, D., Muller-Sanchez, F., Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Netzer, H., Nguyen, M. L., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Ochner, P., Okhmat, D. N., Ou-Yang, B., Pancoast, A., Papadakis, I., Parks, J. R., Pei, L., Peterson, B. M., Pizzella, A., Poleski, R., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Runnoe, J., Saylor, D. A., Schimoia, J. S., Schnülle, K., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Siegel, M., Simonian, G. V., Siviero, A., Skielboe, A., Somers, G., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Stevens, D. J., Sung, H. -I., Tayar, J., Tejos, N., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Van Saders, J., Vestergaard, M., Vican, L., VillanuevaJr., S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Young, S., Yuk, H., Zheng, W., Zhu, W., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

During the Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project (STORM) observations of NGC 5548, the continuum and emission-line variability became de-correlated during the second half of the 6-month long observing campaign. Here we present Swift and Chandra X-ray spectra of NGC 5548 obtained as a part of the campaign. The Swift spectra show that excess flux (relative to a power-law continuum) in the soft X-ray band appears before the start of the anomalous emission-line behavior, peaks during the period of the anomaly, and then declines. This is a model-independent result suggesting that the soft excess is related to the anomaly. We divide the Swift data into on- and off-anomaly spectra to characterize the soft excess via spectral fitting. The cause of the spectral differences is likely due to a change in the intrinsic spectrum rather than being due to variable obscuration or partial covering. The Chandra spectra have lower signal-to-noise ratios, but are consistent with Swift data. Our preferred model of the soft excess is emission from an optically thick, warm Comptonizing corona, the effective optical depth of which increases during the anomaly. This model simultaneously explains all the three observations: the UV emission line flux decrease, the soft-excess increase, and the emission line anomaly., Comment: ApJ in press. Replaced with the accepted version

Published
2017
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48. Clues to the Nature of SN 2009ip II: The Continuing Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution to 1000 Days

Author

Graham, Melissa L., Bigley, Andrew, Mauerhan, Jon C., Arcavi, Iair, Howell, D. Andrew, Valenti, Stefano, McCully, Curtis, Filippenko, Alexei V., and Hosseinzadeh, Griffin

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The 2012 brightening of SN 2009ip was dominated by emission from the interaction of ejecta with the surrounding circumstellar material (CSM) produced by episodic mass loss from the progenitor, complicating the diagnosis of whether the underlying explosion was a true supernova or a nonterminal eruption of a massive star. In this paper, we contribute a time series of optical photometric and spectroscopic observations for SN 2009ip from 1 to 3 years after the 2012 outburst, collected at the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Keck Observatory. We find that the brightness of SN 2009ip continues to decline with no deviations from a linear slope of $0.0030\pm0.0005$ $\rm mag\ day^{-1}$ in the $r^{\prime}$ band, and demonstrate that this is similar to both observations and models of CSM-ejecta interaction. We show that the late-time spectra continue to be dominated by the signature features of CSM interaction, and that the large ratio of $L_{\rm H\alpha}/L_{\rm H\beta}\approx40$ implies that the material remains optically thick to Balmer photons ("Case C" recombination). We combine our late-time photometry and spectra with early-time data for SN 2009ip and provide a comprehensive discussion that incorporates recently published models and observations for transient phenomena dominated by CSM-ejecta interaction, and conclude that the presence of broad H$\alpha$ at early times remains among the best evidence that a terminal supernova has occurred. Finally, we compare our late-time spectra to those of Type IIn SNe and SN impostors at late phases and find that although SN 2009ip has some similarities with both types, it has more differences with late-time impostor spectra., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS; 15 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables

Published
2017
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49. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. V. Optical Spectroscopic Campaign and Emission-Line Analysis for NGC 5548

Author

Pei, L., Fausnaugh, M. M., Barth, A. J., Peterson, B. M., Bentz, M. C., De Rosa, G., Denney, K. D., Goad, M. R., Kochanek, C. S., Korista, K. T., Kriss, G. A., Pogge, R. W., Bennert, V. N., Brotherton, M., Clubb, K. I., Bontà, E. Dalla, Filippenko, A. V., Greene, J. E., Grier, C. J., Vestergaard, M., Zheng, W., Adams, Scott M., Beatty, Thomas G., Bigley, A., Brown, Jacob E., Brown, Jonathan S., Canalizo, G., Comerford, J. M., Coker, Carl T., Corsini, E. M., Croft, S., Croxall, K. V., Deason, A. J., Eracleous, Michael, Fox, O. D., Gates, E. L., Henderson, C. B., Holmbeck, E., Holoien, T. W. -S., Jensen, J. J., Johnson, C. A., Kelly, P. L., Kim, S., King, A., Lau, M. W., Li, Miao, Lochhaas, Cassandra, Ma, Zhiyuan, Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mauerhan, J. C., Malkan, M. A., McGurk, R., Morelli, L., Mosquera, Ana, Mudd, Dale, Sanchez, F. Muller, Nguyen, M. L., Ochner, P., Ou-Yang, B., Pancoast, A., Penny, Matthew T., Pizzella, A., Poleski, Radosław, Runnoe, Jessie, Scott, B., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Shappee, B. J., Shivvers, I., Simonian, Gregory V., Siviero, A., Somers, Garrett, Stevens, Daniel J., Strauss, M. A., Tayar, Jamie, Tejos, N., Treu, T., Van Saders, J., Vican, L., Villanueva Jr., S., Yuk, H., Zakamska, N. L., Zhu, W., Anderson, M. D., Arévalo, P., Bazhaw, C., Bisogni, S., Borman, G. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brandt, W. N., Breeveld, A. A., Cackett, E. M., Carini, M. T., Crenshaw, D. M., De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A., Dietrich, M., Edelson, R., Efimova, N. V., Ely, J., Evans, P. A., Ferland, G. J., Flatland, K., Gehrels, N., Geier, S., Gelbord, J. M., Grupe, D., Gupta, A., Hall, P. B., Hicks, S., Horenstein, D., Horne, Keith, Hutchison, T., Im, M., Joner, M. D., Jones, J., Kaastra, J., Kaspi, S., Kelly, B. C., Kennea, J. A., Kim, M., Kim, S. C., Klimanov, S. A., Lee, J. C., Leonard, D. C., Lira, P., MacInnis, F., Mathur, S., McHardy, I. M., Montouri, C., Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Netzer, H., Norris, R. P., Nousek, J. A., Okhmat, D. N., Papadakis, I., Parks, J. R., Pott, J. -U., Rafter, S. E., Rix, H. -W., Saylor, D. A., Schnülle, K., Sergeev, S. G., Siegel, M., Skielboe, A., Spencer, M., Starkey, D., Sung, H. -I., Teems, K. G., Turner, C. S., Uttley, P., Villforth, C., Weiss, Y., Woo, J. -H., Yan, H., Young, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present the results of an optical spectroscopic monitoring program targeting NGC 5548 as part of a larger multi-wavelength reverberation mapping campaign. The campaign spanned six months and achieved an almost daily cadence with observations from five ground-based telescopes. The H$\beta$ and He II $\lambda$4686 broad emission-line light curves lag that of the 5100 $\AA$ optical continuum by $4.17^{+0.36}_{-0.36}$ days and $0.79^{+0.35}_{-0.34}$ days, respectively. The H$\beta$ lag relative to the 1158 $\AA$ ultraviolet continuum light curve measured by the Hubble Space Telescope is roughly $\sim$50% longer than that measured against the optical continuum, and the lag difference is consistent with the observed lag between the optical and ultraviolet continua. This suggests that the characteristic radius of the broad-line region is $\sim$50% larger than the value inferred from optical data alone. We also measured velocity-resolved emission-line lags for H$\beta$ and found a complex velocity-lag structure with shorter lags in the line wings, indicative of a broad-line region dominated by Keplerian motion. The responses of both the H$\beta$ and He II $\lambda$4686 emission lines to the driving continuum changed significantly halfway through the campaign, a phenomenon also observed for C IV, Ly $\alpha$, He II(+O III]), and Si IV(+O IV]) during the same monitoring period. Finally, given the optical luminosity of NGC 5548 during our campaign, the measured H$\beta$ lag is a factor of five shorter than the expected value implied by the $R_\mathrm{BLR} - L_\mathrm{AGN}$ relation based on the past behavior of NGC 5548., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, accepted to ApJ

Published
2017
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