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1. Need for recovery amongst emergency physicians in the UK and Ireland: a cross-sectional survey

Author

Jos Latour, Laura Cottey, J Leung, Doyo Enki, Blair Graham, Mark David Lyttle, J Browning, F Cantle, J Criddle, J Foot, S Hartshorn, N Mullen, R Hughes, E Williams, S Hall, A Ghosh, M Morrison, S Taylor, DSD Ranasinghe, A Basu, S Gray, E Frost, S Lewis, P Fitzpatrick, G Gardner, N Ali, Kara Nicola Stevens, R Bond, J Patel, J Thompson, S Bailey, J Norton, C Thomas, A Paul, K Thomas, H Cooper, L McKechnie, A Knight, E Walton, C Kennedy, L Kane, S Richter, J Selway, C Rimmer, M Ayres, C Ponami, A Quartermain, K Kaur, K McGregor, T Clingo, R Stewart, K Mirza, T Hussan, P Cuthbert, M Alex, F Barham, A Bayston, K Veeramuthu, R Macfarlane, G Lipton, K New, M Jee Poh Hock, E Umana, C Ward, V Agosti, M Connelly, C Weegenaar, J Kerr, SJ Dhutia, T Owens, B Cherian, U Basit, D Hartin, O Williams, C Lindsay, S Manou, MH Elwan, C Nunn, R Fuller, S Stevenson, C Reynard, J Daly, A Da’Costa, L How, G Boggaram, D McConnell, R Hirst, R Campbell, J Muller, H Chatha, R Grimwood, F Fadhlillah, S Ojo, S Ramsundar, A Blackwell, I Traiforos, T Sparkes, L Barrett, M Sheikh, J Driessen, S Meredith, C Newbury, H Grimsmo-Powney, H Malik, L Gwatkin, R Blackburn, F Gillies, TF McLoughlin, SM Rahman, K Hopping, M Broyde, K Challen, M Macdonald, A Randle, E Timony-Nolan, H Fairbairn, G Gracey, K Clayton, C Magee, G Hartshorne, J Foley, S Gardner, S Pintus, K Scott, K Brammer, A Raghunathan, S Langston, S Saunder, C Szekeres, L Kehler, B O’Hare, A Arumugam, C Leech, Y Moulds, DL Thom, A Mackay, R Wright, CE Davies, A Hanks, E Murray, A Saunders, KI Malik, IMV Asif, S Manouchehri, A Fatkin, S Naeem, N Cherian, O Hill, C Boulind, P Williams, S Hardwick, C Gandolfi, E Everitt, G Hampton, D McKeever, D Purdy, L Savage, L Brown, P Harris, R Sharr, R Loffhagen, V Rivers, HD Khan, K Vincent, H Baird, S Bury, E Grocholski, G Kamalatharan, J Gaiawyn, G Johnson, A Tabner, L Abraham, N Sexton, A Akhtar, C de Buitleir, B Clarke, M Colmar, Z Haslam, K Veermuthu, D Raffo, J Stafford, S Mclintock, OR Griffiths, B McIlwham, K Cunningham, and E Clegg

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objectives To determine the need for recovery (NFR) among emergency physicians and to identify demographic and occupational characteristics associated with higher NFR scores.Design Cross-sectional electronic survey.Setting Emergency departments (EDs) (n=112) in the UK and Ireland.Participants Emergency physicians, defined as any registered physician working principally within the ED, responding between June and July 2019.Main outcome measure NFR Scale, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses how work demands affect intershift recovery.Results The median NFR Score for all 4247 eligible, consented participants with a valid NFR Score was 70.0 (95% CI: 65.5 to 74.5), with an IQR of 45.5–90.0. A linear regression model indicated statistically significant associations between gender, health conditions, type of ED, clinical grade, access to annual and study leave, and time spent working out-of-hours. Groups including male physicians, consultants, general practitioners (GPs) within the ED, those working in paediatric EDs and those with no long-term health condition or disability had a lower NFR Score. After adjusting for these characteristics, the NFR Score increased by 3.7 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.1) and 6.43 (95% CI: 2.0 to 10.8) for those with difficulty accessing annual and study leave, respectively. Increased percentage of out-of-hours work increased NFR Score almost linearly: 26%–50% out-of-hours work=5.7 (95% CI: 3.1 to 8.4); 51%–75% out-of-hours work=10.3 (95% CI: 7.6 to 13.0); 76%–100% out-of-hours work=14.5 (95% CI: 11.0 to 17.9).Conclusion Higher NFR scores were observed among emergency physicians than reported in any other profession or population to date. While out-of-hours working is unavoidable, the linear relationship observed suggests that any reduction may result in NFR improvement. Evidence-based strategies to improve well-being such as proportional out-of-hours working and improved access to annual and study leave should be carefully considered and implemented where feasible.

Published
2020
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8. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies

Author

McKeith, Ian G, Boeve, Bradley F, Dickson, Dennis W, Halliday, Glenda, Taylor, John-Paul, Weintraub, Daniel, Aarsland, Dag, Galvin, James, Attems, Johannes, Ballard, Clive G, Bayston, Ashley, Beach, Thomas G, Blanc, Frédéric, Bohnen, Nicolaas, Bonanni, Laura, Bras, Jose, Brundin, Patrik, Burn, David, Chen-Plotkin, Alice, Duda, John E, El-Agnaf, Omar, Feldman, Howard, Ferman, Tanis J, Ffytche, Dominic, Fujishiro, Hiroshige, Galasko, Douglas, Goldman, Jennifer G, Gomperts, Stephen N, Graff-Radford, Neill R, Honig, Lawrence S, Iranzo, Alex, Kantarci, Kejal, Kaufer, Daniel, Kukull, Walter, Lee, Virginia MY, Leverenz, James B, Lewis, Simon, Lippa, Carol, Lunde, Angela, Masellis, Mario, Masliah, Eliezer, McLean, Pamela, Mollenhauer, Brit, Montine, Thomas J, Moreno, Emilio, Mori, Etsuro, Murray, Melissa, O'Brien, John T, Orimo, Sotoshi, Postuma, Ronald B, Ramaswamy, Shankar, Ross, Owen A, Salmon, David P, Singleton, Andrew, Taylor, Angela, Thomas, Alan, Tiraboschi, Pietro, Toledo, Jon B, Trojanowski, John Q, Tsuang, Debby, Walker, Zuzana, Yamada, Masahito, and Kosaka, Kenji

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), Lewy Body Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, Prevention, Aging, Dementia, Neurodegenerative, Neurological, Biomarkers, Humans, Lewy Body Disease, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) Consortium has refined its recommendations about the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of DLB, updating the previous report, which has been in widespread use for the last decade. The revised DLB consensus criteria now distinguish clearly between clinical features and diagnostic biomarkers, and give guidance about optimal methods to establish and interpret these. Substantial new information has been incorporated about previously reported aspects of DLB, with increased diagnostic weighting given to REM sleep behavior disorder and 123iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy. The diagnostic role of other neuroimaging, electrophysiologic, and laboratory investigations is also described. Minor modifications to pathologic methods and criteria are recommended to take account of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change, to add previously omitted Lewy-related pathology categories, and to include assessments for substantia nigra neuronal loss. Recommendations about clinical management are largely based upon expert opinion since randomized controlled trials in DLB are few. Substantial progress has been made since the previous report in the detection and recognition of DLB as a common and important clinical disorder. During that period it has been incorporated into DSM-5, as major neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies. There remains a pressing need to understand the underlying neurobiology and pathophysiology of DLB, to develop and deliver clinical trials with both symptomatic and disease-modifying agents, and to help patients and carers worldwide to inform themselves about the disease, its prognosis, best available treatments, ongoing research, and how to get adequate support.

Published
2017

10. Empowerment Evaluation: A Case Study of Citywide Implementation within an HIV Prevention Context

Author

Phillips, Gregory, II, Lindeman, Peter, Adames, Christian N., Bettin, Emily, Bayston, Christopher, Stonehouse, Patrick, Kern, David, Johnson, Amy K., Brown, C. Hendricks, and Greene, George J.

Abstract

HIV continues to significantly impact the health of communities, particularly affecting racially and ethnically diverse men who have sex with men and transgender women. In response, health departments often fund a number of community organizations to provide each of these subgroups with comprehensive and culturally responsive services. To this point, evaluators have focused on individual interventions but have largely overlooked the complex environment in which these interventions are implemented, including other programs funded to do similar work. The Evaluation Center was funded by the City of Chicago in 2015 to conduct a citywide evaluation of all HIV prevention programming. This article will describe our novel approach to adapt the principles and methods of the empowerment evaluation approach, to effectively engage with 20 city-funded prevention programs to collect and synthesize multisite evaluation data, and ultimately build capacity at these organizations to foster a learning-focused community.

Published
2019
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20. Small-colony variant of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in prosthetic joint infection

Author

Mohamed Askar, PhD, MRCS, Benjamin Bloch, PhD, FRCS Orth, and Roger Bayston, PhD, FRCPath

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Prosthetic joint infection is usually caused by staphylococci. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus lugdunensis is important because it behaves as a pathogen similar to S aureus. It also develops biofilms, and the biofilm phenotype can appear as small-colony variants. Although genetically indistinguishable, they differ in size and antibiotic susceptibility from the parent strain and are responsible for chronic persistent infection and failure of antibiotic treatment. They can also lead to misinterpretation of results. The patient reported here underwent total knee replacement and 2 years later presented with prosthetic joint infection. Tissue samples and prosthesis taken at revision grew S lugdunensis, the majority of which were small-colony variants. Recommendations are made for their detection and identification. Keywords: Infection, Joint, Prosthetic, Staphylococcus, lugdunensis

Published
2018
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29. Self-targeting of zwitterion-based platforms for nano-antimicrobials and nanocarriers

Author

Da-Yuan Wang, Linzhu Su, Guang Yang, Yijin Ren, Mingqing Zhang, Haoren Jing, Xipeng Zhang, Roger Bayston, Henny C. van der Mei, Henk J. Busscher, and Linqi Shi

Subjects
RELEASE, SURFACE, Infrared Rays, Biomedical Engineering, CIRCULATION, General Chemistry, General Medicine, COPOLYMERS, PREVENTION, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Mice, Anti-Infective Agents, DESIGN, Biofilms, TUMOR-PH, NANOPARTICLES, Animals, General Materials Science, DRUG-DELIVERY, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Abstract

Self-targeting antimicrobial platforms have yielded new possibilities for the treatment of infectious biofilms. Self-targeting involves stealth transport through the blood circulation towards an infectious biofilm, where the antimicrobial platform penetrates and accumulates in a biofilm in response to a change in environmental conditions, such as local pH. In a final step, nano-antimicrobials need to be activated or the antimicrobial cargo of nanocarriers released. Zwitterions possess both cationic and anionic groups, allowing full reversal in zeta potential from below to above zero in response to a change in environmental conditions. Electrolyte-based platforms generally do not have the ability to change their zeta potentials from below to above zero. Zwitterions for use in self-targeting platforms are usually hydrophilic and have a negative charge under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) providing low adsorption of proteins and assisting blood circulation. However, near or in the acidic environment of a biofilm, they become positively-charged yielding targeting, penetration and accumulation in the biofilm through electrostatic double-layer attraction to negatively-charged bacteria. Response-times to pH changes vary, depending on the way the zwitterion or electrolyte is built in a platform. Self-targeting zwitterion-based platforms with a short response-time in vitro yield different accumulation kinetics in abdominal biofilms in living mice than platforms with a longer response-time. In vivo experiments in mice also proved that self-targeting, pH-responsive zwitterion-based platforms provide a feasible approach for clinical control of bacterial infections. Clinically however, also other conditions than infection may yield an acidic environment. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether pH is a sufficiently unique recognition sign to direct self-targeting platforms to an infectious biofilm or whether (additional) external targeting through e.g. near-infrared irradiation or magnetic field application is needed.

Published
2022
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30. Infections in Intracranial Pressure Management: Impact of New Technologies on Infection Rates

Author

Roger Bayston

Abstract

It is now recognised that infections in CSF shunts and external ventricular drains (EVDs) are biofilm infections, and the scientific basis of these infections is better understood. Infection rates in shunts have now fallen but remain unacceptably high. There is an increase in infections due to multi-drug-resistant bacteria in EVDs. Reliance on antimicrobial prophylaxis has potential lifethreatening consequences and safer more effective measures are available. These consist of well-founded “bundles” or surgical protocols that have been shown to reduce infection by application of well known but not universally applied principles. New developments in antimicrobial technology have now been shown to be clinically effective and have reduced healthcare costs. The reduction in antibiotic use has led to fewer adverse effects. Problems with multidrug resistance in EVD infections remain and technology to address these has been developed but is not yet clinically available.

Published
2023

31. Book review : The White Bird Passes By Jessie Kesson

Author

Bayston, Jeremy

Abstract

The White Bird Passes is an autobiographical novella published in 1958 by Scottish writer, playwright, and poet Jessie Kesson. Born in a workhouse in 1916, she lived in a back lane slum in Elgin until she was eight, when her single mother was judged to be unfit, and Jessie was sent to an orphanage. There she received a basic education, showing sufficient promise for a university place to be discussed. She later referred to this time as 'the golden years'.

Published
2023
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37. Prospective, multicentre study of external ventricular drainage-related infections in the UK and Ireland

Author

Jamjoom, Aimun A B, Joannides, Alexis J, Poon, Michael Tin-Chung, Chari, Aswin, Zaben, Malik, Abdulla, Mutwakil A H, Roach, Joy, Glancz, Laurence J, Solth, Anna, Duddy, John, Brennan, Paul M, Bayston, Roger, Bulters, Diederik O, Mallucci, Conor L, Jenkinson, Michael D, Gray, William P, Kandasamy, Jothy, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kolias, Angelos G, Ahmed, Aminul I, Alalade, A, Bailey, M, Basu, S, Baudracco, I, Bhattacharya, A, Bodkin, Pa, Boissaud-cooke, M, Bojanic, S, Buxton, N, Corns, R, Coulter, C, Coulter, I, Critchley, G, Dando, A, Dardis, R, Dyson, E, Edwards, R, Garnett, M, Gatcher, S, Georges, H, Hallet, J, Harte, J, Haylock-vize, P, Humphreys, H, Kitchen, J, Lawson Mclean, A, Loan, JJM, Ma, R, Madder, H, Manning, A, Mcelligott, S, Mukerji, N, Narayanamurthy, H, O’brien, D, Okasha, M, Papadopoulos, M, Phan, V, Phang, I, Poots, J, Rajaraman, C, Ross, N, Sharouf, F, Shastin, D, Simms, N, Steele, L, Tajsic, T, Talibi, S, Thanabalasundaram, G, Vintu, M, Wan, Y, Wang, D, Watkins, L, Whitehouse, K, Whitfield, PC, and Williams, A

Published
2018
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39. List of Contributors

Author

Abrahamian, Fredrick M., primary, Aldape, Michael J., additional, Aldasoro, Edelweiss, additional, Allen, Upton D., additional, Al-Sum, Hythem, additional, Anadkat, Milan J., additional, Anders, Katherine, additional, Angelakis, Emmanouil, additional, Angus, Brian John, additional, Antoniadou, Anastasia, additional, Arena, Fabio, additional, Arends, Joop E., additional, Arribas, Jose R., additional, Artenstein, Andrew W., additional, Atherton, John C., additional, Aucott, John N., additional, Aw, Tar-Ching, additional, Babcock, Hilary M., additional, Bailey, Robin, additional, Bailey, Thomas C., additional, Banks, Adam Z., additional, Barillo, David J., additional, Barrette, Ernie-Paul, additional, Bauer, Martijn P., additional, Bayston, Roger, additional, Beard, C. Ben, additional, Beardsley, Justin, additional, Beeching, Nick J., additional, Bégué, Rodolfo E., additional, Beldi, Guido, additional, Benson, Constance A., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berenger, Jean-Michel, additional, Berger, Christoph, additional, Bernardino, Jose I., additional, Bille, Jacques, additional, Billioux, Alexander C., additional, Bitnun, Ari, additional, Blair, Iain, additional, Blanche, Stéphane, additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P., additional, Bleijenberg, Gijs, additional, Bloch, Karen C., additional, Blum, Johannes, additional, Blumberg, Emily A., additional, Bonomo, Robert A., additional, Bonten, Marc J.M., additional, Bourayou, Rafik, additional, Bouza, Emilio, additional, Brandt, K. Ashley, additional, Bretelle, Florence, additional, Brisse, Sylvain, additional, Britton, Warwick J., additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brouwer, Matthijs C., additional, Browne, Sarah K., additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Bühler, Silja, additional, Bulger, Eileen M., additional, Buller, R. Mark L., additional, Burke, Leah A., additional, Burri, Christian, additional, Butler, Marcus W., additional, Calandra, Thierry, additional, Calfee, David P., additional, Calvo-Cano, Antonia, additional, Cameron, D. William, additional, Carcillo, Joseph A., additional, Carson, Gail, additional, Chambers, Stephen T., additional, Charrel, Remi N., additional, Nguyen, Vinh Chau Van, additional, Chevaliez, Stéphane, additional, Chiller, Tom M., additional, Christaki, Eirini, additional, Chung, Kevin K., additional, Clifford, David B., additional, Clumeck, Nathan, additional, Cohen, Jonathan, additional, Collinge, John, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Conrad, Curdin, additional, Cooke, Fiona J., additional, Cope, Jennifer Rittenhouse, additional, Corey, G. Ralph, additional, Cross, John H., additional, Cunha, Burke A., additional, Cunha, Cheston B., additional, D'Journo, Benoit, additional, Daikos, George L., additional, Daniels, Johannes M.A., additional, Davidson, Robert N., additional, Day, Nicholas P.J., additional, De Cock, Kevin M., additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, de Vries, Henry J.C., additional, de Wit, Stéphane, additional, Delaloye, Julie, additional, Denning, David W., additional, Dennis, David T., additional, Dhanireddy, Shireesha, additional, Dielubanza, Elodi J., additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Doganay, Mehmet, additional, Doherty, Tom, additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Dondorp, Arjen M., additional, Douglas, Abby, additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Dubourg, Grégory, additional, Dudley, Michael N., additional, Durand, Guillaume, additional, Eckhardt, Benjamin J., additional, Efstratiou, Androulla, additional, Ekkelenkamp, Miquel B., additional, Eranki, Ambika, additional, Erdem, Hakan, additional, Escota, Gerome V., additional, Evans, Heather L., additional, Eziefula, Alice Chijioke, additional, Fenollar, Florence, additional, Fenwick, Alan, additional, Fierer, Joshua, additional, Finch, Roger G., additional, Fleckenstein, James M., additional, Forstner, Christina, additional, Foschi, Federico, additional, Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, additional, French, Martyn A., additional, Gage, Kenneth L., additional, Garcia, Lynne S., additional, Gascon, Joaquim, additional, Gastañaduy, Arturo S., additional, Gautret, Philippe, additional, Geisler, William M., additional, Ghanem, Khalil G., additional, Giani, Tommaso, additional, Giannella, Maddalena, additional, Gilliam, Bruce L., additional, Gilliet, Michel, additional, Glaser, Carol A., additional, Glupczynski, Youri, additional, Gnann, John W., additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gottstein, Bruno, additional, Gouriet, Frederique, additional, Gravitt, Patti E., additional, Green, Michael D., additional, Green, Stephen T., additional, Groll, Andreas H., additional, Gulick, Roy M., additional, Gupta, Arjun, additional, Habib, Gilbert, additional, Harbarth, Stephan, additional, Harris, Marianne, additional, Hayden, Frederick G., additional, Hetem, David J., additional, Hill, Philip C., additional, Hirschel, Bernard, additional, Hodowanec, Aimee C., additional, Hoffart, Louis, additional, Hoffmann, Christian, additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Horby, Peter W., additional, Horne, David J., additional, Hraiech, Sami, additional, Hull, Mark W., additional, Huttner, Angela, additional, Ingram, Richard J.M., additional, Islam, Jasmin, additional, Ison, Michael G., additional, James, Scott H., additional, Jenkins, Claire, additional, Jenkins, Stephen G., additional, Jensen, Jørgen Skov, additional, Johnston, Christine, additional, Jones, Theodore B., additional, Jordan, Stephen J., additional, Julian, Kathleen G., additional, Kato, Yasuyuki, additional, Kauffman, Carol A., additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Keane, Michael P., additional, Keeney, James, additional, Kelly, Paul, additional, Kent, Stephen J., additional, Kern, Winfried V., additional, Keynan, Yoav, additional, Kim, Andrea A., additional, Koné-Paut, Isabelle, additional, Kosmidis, Chris, additional, Kroes, Aloys C.M., additional, Kroon, Frank P., additional, Ksiazek, Thomas G., additional, Kuhlmann, F. Matthew, additional, Kuijper, Ed J., additional, Kwon, Jennie H., additional, Kyei, George B., additional, Lacombe, Karine, additional, Lagacé-Wiens, Philippe, additional, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, additional, Lamagni, Theresa, additional, Landraud, Luce, additional, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, LaPlante, Kerry L., additional, Lawn, Stephen D., additional, Lawrence, Steven J., additional, Leblebicioglu, Hakan, additional, Lee, Nelson, additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Lehours, Philippe, additional, Levy, Pierre-Yves, additional, Leyh, Rainer G., additional, Lillis, Rebecca A., additional, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, additional, Lin, Jennifer, additional, Lindquist, H.D. Alan, additional, Lipsky, Benjamin A., additional, Liscynesky, Christina, additional, Looney, David, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, Lowy, Franklin D., additional, Luft, Benjamin J., additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, MacPherson, Paul A., additional, Maghraoui-Slim, Valérie, additional, Mallon, Patrick W., additional, Mangino, Julie E., additional, Manuel, Oriol, additional, Marchetti, Oscar, additional, Marks, Kristen M., additional, Marr, Kieren A., additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne, additional, Marschall, Jonas, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Matonti, Frédéric, additional, Matulewicz, Richard S., additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McCulloh, Russell J., additional, McGready, Rose, additional, Mdodo, Rennatus, additional, Mead, Simon, additional, Mégraud, Francis, additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Metcalf, Sarah C., additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, additional, Miles, Michael A., additional, Miller, Alastair, additional, Mimiaga, Matthew J., additional, Mingeot-Leclercq, Marie-Paule, additional, Misch, Elizabeth Ann, additional, Mitreva, Makedonka, additional, Montaner, Julio S.G., additional, Moore, Caroline B., additional, Muñoz, Patricia, additional, Muñoz, Jose, additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Musso, Didier, additional, Mutengo, Mable, additional, Mutizwa, Misha M., additional, Naber, Kurt G., additional, Natarajan, Pavithra, additional, Neme, Santiago, additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nichols, Ronald A., additional, Nicolle, Lindsay E., additional, Nosten, François, additional, Notarangelo, Luigi D., additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, Nyirjesy, Paul, additional, O'Connell, P. Ronan, additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Ormerod, L. Peter, additional, Osmon, Douglas R., additional, Pankert, Marie Boulze, additional, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, additional, Papazian, Laurent, additional, Parente, Diane M., additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, Parsaei, Shadi, additional, Pascual, Manuel A., additional, Patel, Rupa, additional, Patrozou, Eleni, additional, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Pechère, Jean-Claude, additional, Pelegrin, Ivan, additional, Peters, Barry S., additional, Peters, Edgar J.G., additional, Petersen, Jeannine M., additional, Petersen, Lyle R., additional, Petraitis, Vidmantas, additional, Pham, Luu-Ly, additional, Picado, Albert, additional, Pilatz, Adrian, additional, Pilmis, Benoit, additional, Pinazo, María-Jesús, additional, Pletz, Mathias W., additional, Pogue, Jason M., additional, Polgreen, Evelyn L., additional, Polgreen, Philip M., additional, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., additional, Powderly, William G., additional, Presti, Rachel, additional, Prod'hom, Guy, additional, Puolakkainen, Mirja, additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Razonable, Raymund R., additional, Read, Robert C., additional, Redfield, Robert R., additional, Rentenaar, Rob J., additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Ribi, Camillo, additional, Richardson, Malcolm D., additional, Ritter, Michele L., additional, Roch, Antoine, additional, Rockstroh, Jürgen Kurt, additional, Rojek, Amanda, additional, Romero, José R., additional, Rooijakkers, Suzan H.M., additional, Rosenbluth, Daniel, additional, Rosenzweig, Sergio D., additional, Rossolini, Gian Maria, additional, Rubinstein, Ethan, additional, Ryan, Greg, additional, Safren, Steven A., additional, Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V., additional, Saikku, Pekka A.I., additional, Sajadi, Mohammad M., additional, Salvaggio, Michelle R., additional, Santos, Carlos A.Q., additional, Satlin, Michael J., additional, Schaeffer, Anthony J., additional, Schimmer, Christoph, additional, Schooley, Robert T., additional, Schumacher, Richard F., additional, Sha, Beverly E., additional, Shapiro, Daniel S., additional, Sheehan, Gerard, additional, Shlaes, David M., additional, Shoham, Shmuel, additional, Simmons, Cameron P., additional, Simon, Dennis W., additional, Simon, Matthew S., additional, Simonsen, Kari A., additional, Slack, Mary P.E., additional, Smith, Tyrel T., additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Souli, Maria, additional, Sridhar, Shruti, additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strah, Heather, additional, Sturm, A. Willem, additional, Sungkanuparph, Somnuek, additional, Tabrizi, Sarah J., additional, Tacconelli, Evelina, additional, Tan, Chen Sabrina, additional, Taplitz, Randy A., additional, Thomas, Guillemette, additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thuny, Franck, additional, Thwaites, Guy, additional, Tissot, Frederic, additional, Tønjum, Tone, additional, Torriani, Francesca J., additional, Toso, Christian, additional, Tulkens, Paul M., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Claire E., additional, Ustianowski, Andrew P., additional, van Bambeke, Françoise, additional, van Crevel, Reinout, additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, van Delden, Christian, additional, van der Eerden, Menno M., additional, van der Meer, Jos W.M., additional, van der Poll, Tom, additional, van Ingen, Jakko, additional, van Putten, Jos, additional, Vaudaux, Bernard P., additional, Vermund, Sten H., additional, Viscidi, Raphael P., additional, Visvanathan, Kumar, additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, von Seidlein, Lorenz, additional, Wagenlehner, Florian M.E., additional, Wald, Anna, additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Warhurst, David C., additional, Warnock, David W., additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Warrell, Mary J., additional, Warris, Adilia, additional, Watkins, Richard R., additional, Weatherall, David J., additional, Weber, Rainer, additional, Weidner, Wolfgang, additional, White, Jonathan R., additional, White, Peter J., additional, Whitehorn, James, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Whitty, Christopher J.M., additional, Wiersinga, Willem Joost, additional, Wilcox, Mark H., additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Wilson, Cara C., additional, Wilson, Mary Elizabeth, additional, Wisplinghoff, Hilmar, additional, Wood, Robin, additional, Wunderink, Richard G., additional, Wyles, David, additional, Yang, Zhi-Tao, additional, Yoder, Jonathan S., additional, Zaidi, Najam A., additional, Zimmer, Andrea J., additional, Zuckerman, Jane N., additional, and Zumla, Alimuddin, additional

Published
2017
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43. Loss-of-function mutations in Notch receptors in cutaneous and lung squamous cell carcinoma

Author

Wang, Nicholas J., Sanborn, Zachary, Arnett, Kelly L., Bayston, Laura J., Liao, Wilson, Proby, Charlotte M., Leigh, Irene M., Collisson, Eric A., Gordon, Patricia B., Jakkula, Lakshmi, Pennypacker, Sally, Zou, Yong, Sharma, Mimansa, North, Jeffrey P., Vemula, Swapna S., Mauro, Theodora M., Neuhaus, Isaac M., LeBoit, Philip E., Hur, Joe S., Park, Kyunghee, Huh, Nam, Kwok, Pui-Yan, Arron, Sarah T., Massion, Pierre P., Bale, Allen E., Haussler, David, Cleaver, James E., Gray, Joe W., Spellman, Paul T., South, Andrew P., Aster, Jon C., Blacklow, Stephen C., and Cho, Raymond J.

Published
2011

44. Evaluating the Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Content on the Performance of Differential Pressure Valves and Antisiphon Devices Using a Novel Benchtop Shunting Model

Author

Roger Bayston, Ian Suk, Hannah Antoine, Betty Tyler, Richard Um, Wataru Ishida, Risheng Xu, Xiaobu Ye, Riccardo Serra, Angad Grewal, Francesca Kroll, Kelly Beharry, Arba Cecia, Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja, Mark Luciano, Francis Loth, Audrey Monroe, Noah Gorelick, and Rajiv R. Iyer

Subjects
Supine position, Intracranial Pressure, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Hydrostatic pressure, Models, Cardiovascular, Equipment Design, medicine.disease, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Hydrocephalus, Shunting, Flow control (fluid), Cerebrospinal fluid, Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, Humans, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Saline, Shunt (electrical), Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Background Hydrocephalus is managed by surgically implanting flow-diversion technologies such as differential pressure valves and antisiphoning devices; however, such hardware is prone to failure. Extensive research has tested them in flow-controlled settings using saline or de-aerated water, yet little has been done to validate their performance in a setting recreating physiologically relevant parameters, including intracranial pressures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein content, and body position. Objective To more accurately chart the episodic drainage characteristics of flow-diversion technology. A gravity-driven benchtop model of flow was designed and tested continuously during weeks-long trials. Methods Using a hydrostatic pressure gradient as the sole driving force, interval flow rates of 6 valves were examined in parallel with various fluids. Daily trials in the upright and supine positions were run with fluid output collected from distal catheters placed at alternating heights for extended intervals. Results Significant variability in flow rates was observed, both within specific individual valves across different trials and among multiple valves of the same type. These intervalve and intravalve variabilities were greatest during supine trials and with increased protein. None of the valves showed evidence of overt obstruction during 30 d of exposure to CSF containing 5 g/L protein. Conclusion Day-to-day variability of ball-in-cone differential pressure shunt valves may increase overdrainage risk. Narrow-lumen high-resistance flow control devices as tested here under similar conditions appear to achieve more consistent flow rates, suggesting their use may be advantageous, and did not demonstrate any blockage or trend of decreasing flow over the 3 wk of chronic use.

Published
2020
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45. Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Impact of Biofilms in Surgery

Author

Roger Bayston

Subjects
biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Abstract

Biofilms are responsible for chronic persistent infections and are a major problem in implant surgery. The microbial pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of biofilm infections is reviewed.

Published
2022

49. Infections in CSF Shunts and External Ventricular Drainage

Author

Roger Bayston

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Csf shunt, business.industry, Internal medicine, Ventricular drainage, medicine, Cardiology, business
Abstract

Infection in those with hydrocephalus shunts or external drains (EVDs) can cause serious central nervous system damage with lasting sequelae. The infections usually involve bacterial colonisation and biofilm formation in the catheters. The nature and sources of pathogens and preventive measures are discussed. The risks of infection in shunts and EVDs is different. Infection in shunts is almost always initiated at their insertion or revision (exceptions are described). In contrast, in EVDs, the risk of infection persists throughout their use. The pathogen profile is also different. These factors are important considerations when planning preventive measures. Newer strategies such as antimicrobial catheters are discussed. Diagnosis of EVD infections in an already ill patient is difficult but guidelines can be useful. Treatment of the shunt and EVD infections are also addressed, with reference to modes and routes of antibiotic administration.

Published
2021

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