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Abstract The PIM kinase family, consisting of PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, is a group of serine/threonine protein kinases crucial for cellular growth, immunoregulation, and oncogenesis. PIM1 kinase is often overexpressed in solid and hematopoietic malignancies, promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and senescence by activating key genes. In vitro and in vivo studies have established the oncogenic potential of PIM1 kinases. These kinases have been implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy, underscoring their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. This review delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which PIM1 interacts with specific substrates in different tumor tissues, leading to diverse outcomes in various human cancers. Over the past decade, the inhibition of PIM1 in cancers has garnered significant attention as a potential standalone treatment. Various in vitro, in vivo, and early clinical trial data have provided support for this approach to varying extents. Novel compounds that inhibit PIM1 kinase have shown effectiveness and a favorable toxicity profile in preclinical studies. Several of these substances are now being studied in clinical trials due to their promising outcomes. This article provides a thorough examination of the PIM1 kinase pathways and the recent advancements in producing PIM1 kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.

Vascular access management is key and critical in the successful management of hemodialysis patients, and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the access of choice. This study was conducted between January 2007 and October 2009 at the Military Hospital in Rabat. Data on 115 patients who underwent 138 AVFs were retrospectively studied. Wrist AVF was the most common site of use. The primary course was uncomplicated in 63% of the patients, while primary failure occurred in 23.9% of the patients. Presence of diabetes was the most important risk factor for primary failure.

The quality of the water used for dialysis has been suggested as a factor causing inflammation in patients on hemodialysis (HD). We therefore conducted this study to identify the effect of quality of the water on nutritional state, inflammation and need for human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) in patients undergoing HD at Agadir, Morocco. This prospective study included patients on HD for at least one year. The water treatment was done according to the standard protocol, which was followed by additional enhancement of ultrafiltration using an additional polysulfone filter (diasafe, Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany) before the dialyser. Water was monitored regularly during the study period to ensure acceptable levels of bacterial count as well as endotoxin levels. Various parameters including dry weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (PA) before and after an HD session, need for human recombinant EPO, levels of hemoglobin (Hb), albumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the dose of dialysis delivered (Kt/V) were measured first at the beginning of the study and thereafter, in the third, sixth and 12 th months of the study. The study involved 47 patients, and after 12 months of the study, an improvement in median dry weight (1.2 kg, P = 0017) and a simultaneous median reduction of 20.7 IU/kg/week of EPO, with an in-crease of the median level of Hb, was noted. The results of our study suggest that by improving the biocompatibility of HD with the use of good quality water, patients acquire a better nutritional, inflammatory and hematologic status.

The bisalbuminemia acquired outside of the long-term antibiotic treatment is an exceptional event. It is a rare condition characterised by the presence of two distinct fractions of serum albumin on electrophoresis. This anomaly reflects the presence, at the same time, of a normal albumin and a modified albumin. These changes of albumin may be related to various causes. Their association with nephrotic syndrome is exceptional. We report a case of bisalbuminemia during a period of remission of nephrotic syndrome.

In light of the escalating global concern regarding adaptation and resilience to elevated temperatures due to climate change, this experiment was designed to assess the thermo-physiological attributes of two native sheep breeds (Najdi and Naimi) and to delineate potential genetic factors conferring heat tolerance amidst acute exposure to elevated ambient temperatures. Meteorological and thermo-physiological parameters were scrutinized at distinct intervals (0 min, 30 min, 120 min, 24 hr, and 48 hr), alongside the analysis of heat-responsive gene expression at 0 min, 30 min, and 120 min, following the exposure of nine healthy male lambs from each breed (mean body weight: 25 kg; age: 4 months) to a bio-meteorologically-simulated environment, maintaining an average ambient temperature of 45 °C (approximately 93 units in the temperature-humidity index). In addition, blood samples were collected from each lamb, with total RNA isolated and purity assessed, followed by qRT-PCR analysis of 16 heat stress candidate genes using validated primers and standardized thermocycling protocols, including controls to ensure accuracy. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, including PROC GLM and PROC MEANS in SAS, one-way ANOVA, and pairwise differences with the LSD test for significance, while gene expression differences were calculated using the comparative Ct method and 2^ (−ΔΔCt) for relative quantification. The findings elucidate that the Najdi breed manifests heightened thermotolerance relative to the Naimi breed, as evidenced by diminished indicators of heat stress, encompassing skin temperature, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, adaptability coefficient, serum total protein, glucose levels, and triiodothyronine concentration. Moreover, analysis of gene expression patterns revealed widespread activation of heat stress-responsive genes in both breeds under thermal stress conditions; however, Najdi lambs consistently exhibited elevated expression levels of these genes compared to their Naimi counterparts. Notably, genes including HSP90AB1, HSPB6, HSF1, STIP1, HSP60, HSP90, and HSPB1 demonstrated particularly pronounced upregulation in Najdi lambs. In conclusion, the integrative thermo-physiological and molecular profiling highlights the superior thermotolerance and evolutionary adaptation of the Najdi breed to the hot climate of the KSA, in contrast to the Naimi breed.

Due to global warming, animal’s heat tolerance and adaptability characteristics to hot environmental conditions are attracting more research interest. The current experimental study was actually designed to evaluate and compare the heat tolerance efficiency of two purebred Saudi sheep when exposed to heat stress conditions under a biometeorologically-simulated environment similar to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) semi-arid environment. A total of 20 healthy male growing lambs of Najdi and Naimi breed with an initial body weight of 24.71 ± 4.65 Kg and 4 month-old were used in a 2-phases experiment. During the preliminary phase (lasted for 3 weeks), lambs were placed under a stable thermoneutral condition. Meanwhile, simulation of the external environment was performed using climatic-controlled chambers during the experimental phase (lasted for 8 weeks). Several meteorological [ambient temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and temperature humidity index (THI)] and thermophysiological [rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Tsk), respiratory rate (RR), heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), adaptability coefficient (AC), internal (BTGin), external (BTGex) and total (BTGto) body thermal gradients] measurements were recorded at weeks 0, 4 and 8. The obtained meteorological data showed that the prevailed conditions in the climatic chamber exhibited (P

The rapidly increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, primarily due to industrial processes and fossil fuel combustion, presents a serious environmental challenge. As a potent greenhouse gas, CO2 contributes significantly to global warming and climate change, necessitating innovative solutions for its capture and sequestration. Numerous materials have been developed and employed for CO2 capture. Among these materials, aerogels have emerged as a promising class of adsorbents for effective CO2 capture. The synthesis of aerogels allows for tailored textural characteristics and surface chemistries, making them highly effective in capturing CO2. Innovations in aerogel technology have focused on enhancing their CO2 uptake capacity, selectivity, and stability under operational conditions. Although there are some existing reviews on CO2 capture using various materials, comprehensive evaluations focusing on aerogels for CO2 capture remain scarce in the literature. This highlights the novelty of this article and points out to the need for comprehensive reviews, as the one presented herein, to tackle recent progress, consolidate knowledge, and highlight gaps in this rapidly expanding field. Accordingly, this review article explores recent advances in the development and application of aerogel materials for CO2 capture, highlighting their potential to address this global issue. This article also systematically examines the modifications and optimizations of aerogels for improved performance, from the incorporation of amine functionalities to the development of composite and hybrid aerogel structures. Additionally, various aspects (i.e., adsorption mechanism, reactor configuration, techno-economic and life cycle analyses, and regeneration) of CO2 capture using aerogels are covered. Moreover, this review article identifies key areas for future research and development, emphasizing the need for continued innovation in material science to enhance the functionality and commercial viability of aerogels in CO2 capture applications. Accordingly, this review article offers detailed insights into aerogels as a vital solution to mitigate the adverse effects of increased atmospheric CO2.

In light of the escalating global concern regarding adaptation and resilience to elevated temperatures due to climate change, this experiment was designed to assess the thermo-physiological attributes of two native sheep breeds (Najdi and Naimi) and to delineate potential genetic factors conferring heat tolerance amidst acute exposure to elevated ambient temperatures. Meteorological and thermo-physiological parameters were scrutinized at distinct intervals (0 min, 30 min, 120 min, 24 hr, and 48 hr), alongside the analysis of heat-responsive gene expression at 0 min, 30 min, and 120 min, following the exposure of nine healthy male lambs from each breed (mean body weight: 25 kg; age: 4 months) to a bio-meteorologically-simulated environment, maintaining an average ambient temperature of 45 °C (approximately 93 units in the temperature-humidity index). In addition, blood samples were collected from each lamb, with total RNA isolated and purity assessed, followed by qRTPCR analysis of 16 heat stress candidate genes using validated primers and standardized thermocycling protocols, including controls to ensure accuracy. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, including PROC GLM and PROC MEANS in SAS, one-way ANOVA, and pairwise differences with the LSD test for significance, while gene expression differences were calculated using the comparative Ct method and 2 (-Ct) for relative quantification. The findings elucidate that the Najdi breed manifests heightened thermotolerance relative to the Naimi breed, as evidenced by diminished indicators of heat stress, encompassing skin temperature, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, adaptability coefficient, serum total protein, glucose levels, and triiodothyronine concentration. Moreover, analysis of gene expression patterns revealed widespread activation of heat stress-responsive genes in both breeds under thermal stress conditions; however, Najdi lambs consistently exhibited elevated expression levels of these genes compared to their Naimi counterparts. Notably, genes including HSP90AB1, HSPB6, HSF1, STIP1, HSP60, HSP90, and HSPB1 demonstrated particularly pronounced upregulation in Najdi lambs. In conclusion, the integrative thermo-physiological and molecular profiling highlights the superior thermotolerance and evolutionary adaptation of the Najdi breed to the hot climate of the KSA, in contrast to the Naimi breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empyema necessitans is a rare complication of pneumonia, which can be seen more frequently with tuberculosis (TB). In this case report, we include a 47-year-old female with empyema necessitans; closed drainage has been sought as a sole treatment based on the clinical presentation and radiological findings of an empyema necessitans. Scarce evidence with regard to adult empyema necessitans with Klebsiella was found in the literature where adult cases were managed exclusively using combination of intravenous (IV) antibiotic and closed drainage, reporting such case can help guiding management for similar presentation.

Some basic questions regarding sheep’s ability to tolerate different levels of water intake (WI), especially when fed on a pelleted-complete diet (PCD) and reared under comfortable climatic conditions, are still open. To investigate the direct influence of different levels of WI in sheep fed PCD and reared under such conditions on the lambs' physiological (performance, thermal, blood and urine) status, 24 healthy male growing Najdi lambs were exposed under thermo-neutral conditions to three levels of WI (100%, 67%, and 33% of their ad libitum WI or water requirement) for 6 weeks. Meteorological, production performance, thermo-physiological, as well as blood and urine biochemical measurements, were all determined. The obtained findings clearly substantiate that reducing the level of water intake (p0.05) to 100-WI lambs. Results collectively signify that diminishing WI up to 33% in lambs (fed on PCD and reared under comfortable conditions) would ensure that water is adequately conserved under prevailing water scarcity and can be implemented without compromising their homeostatic functions. Such applied approaches can consequently have a pragmatic aspect through improving water management approaches required for PCD-based sheep production under water scarcity conditions, which is crucial to economical animal production and responsible animal stewardship. Feasibility studies are thereby highly recommended.

A simple and efficient protocol for the one-pot three-component synthesis of structurally diverse sulfamidophosphonates from the condensation of sulfanilamide, aldehydes, and triethylphosphite in ethanol using ZnO nanoparticles as catalysts under microwave irradiation has been developed. The structures of all compounds have been identified by appropriate spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and ESI-MS.

Addressing the critical issue of water pollution, this review article emphasizes the need to remove hazardous dyes and phenolic compounds from wastewater. These pollutants pose severe risks due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. The study explores various techniques for the remediation of organic contaminants from wastewater, including an enzymatic approach. A significant challenge in enzymatic wastewater treatment is the loss of enzyme activity and difficulty in recovery post-treatment. To mitigate these issues, this review examines the strategy of immobilizing enzymes on newly developed nanostructured materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials offer high surface areas, excellent porosity, and ample anchoring sites for effective enzyme immobilization. The review evaluates recent research on enzyme immobilization on these supports and their applications in biocatalytic nanoparticles. It also analyzes the impact of operational factors (e.g., time, pH, and temperature) on dye and phenolic compound removal from wastewater using these enzymes. Despite promising outcomes, this review acknowledges the challenges for large-scale implementation and offers recommendations for future research to tackle these obstacles. This review concludes by suggesting that enzyme immobilization on these emerging materials could present a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution to the escalating water pollution crisis.

Abstract Objective The evaluation of physical activity for chronic hemodialysis patients is a new approach for patient global care. The objective of this work is to evaluate the physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients and identify the risk factors associated with reduced physical activity. This is a prospective study for 6 months including 150 chronic hemodialysis patients in the Guelmim-Oued Noun Regionin Moroccan Sahara. We use Baecke's survey, translated and validated in Arabic local language. The socio-demographic, clinical, and biological data were completed during the interrogation and from the medical records of the patients. Results The mean age of our patients was 54.6 ± 16.4 years, with male predominance (59%). Most patients have a low education level and 60% were illiterate. Hypertension was found in 54% of our patients, diabetes in 39%, and cardiovascular disease in 10% of patients. Low Physical activity was associated with gender (OR = 4.05), age (OR = 1.03) and high education level (OR = 0.2). Our work has met the various pre-established objectives, however other more specific studies must be conducted to better characterize the profile of physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients.