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1. 660 Phase 2 Study to evaluate the triplet combination of pemetrexed plus etrumadenant and zimberelimab in patients with previously treated advanced or MTAP-deficient metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC)

Author

Linghua Wang, Jianjun Gao, Wei Qiao, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Matthew Campbell, Amishi Shah, Rahul Sheth, Omar Alhalabi, Sangeeta Goswami, Charles Guo, Sergio P Klimkowsky, Tharekeswara Bathala, Jianfeng Chen, Xinmiao Yan, and Ana Adriazola

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2023
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2. MTAP deficiency creates an exploitable target for antifolate therapy in 9p21-loss cancers

Author

Omar Alhalabi, Jianfeng Chen, Yuxue Zhang, Yang Lu, Qi Wang, Sumankalai Ramachandran, Rebecca Slack Tidwell, Guangchun Han, Xinmiao Yan, Jieru Meng, Ruiping Wang, Anh G. Hoang, Wei-Lien Wang, Jian Song, Lidia Lopez, Alex Andreev-Drakhlin, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Xinqiao Zhang, William F. Benedict, Amishi Y. Shah, Jennifer Wang, Pavlos Msaouel, Miao Zhang, Charles C. Guo, Bogdan Czerniak, Carmen Behrens, Luisa Soto, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Jeff Lewis, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Vadeerat Rinsurongkawong, Jack Lee, Jack Roth, Stephen Swisher, Ignacio Wistuba, John Heymach, Jing Wang, Matthew T. Campbell, Eleni Efstathiou, Mark Titus, Christopher J. Logothetis, Thai H. Ho, Jianjun Zhang, Linghua Wang, and Jianjun Gao

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The deficiency of MTAP, an enzyme of the adenine salvage pathway, occurs in some cancers. Here the authors perform a small cohort phase II clinical trial with metastatic MTAP-deficient urothelial cancer (UC) and show an increased overall response when comparing to MTAP-proficient UC patients.

Published
2022
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3. 9p21 loss confers a cold tumor immune microenvironment and primary resistance to immune checkpoint therapy

Author

Guangchun Han, Guoliang Yang, Dapeng Hao, Yang Lu, Kyaw Thein, Benjamin S. Simpson, Jianfeng Chen, Ryan Sun, Omar Alhalabi, Ruiping Wang, Minghao Dang, Enyu Dai, Shaojun Zhang, Fengqi Nie, Shuangtao Zhao, Charles Guo, Ameer Hamza, Bogdan Czerniak, Chao Cheng, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Krishna Bhat, Andrew Futreal, Guang Peng, Jennifer Wargo, Weiyi Peng, Humam Kadara, Jaffer Ajani, Charles Swanton, Kevin Litchfield, Jordi Rodon Ahnert, Jianjun Gao, and Linghua Wang

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint therapy remain elusive. Here, the authors perform immunogenomic analysis of TCGA data and data from clinical trials for antiPD-1/PD-L1 therapy and highlight the association of 9p21 loss with a cold tumor microenvironment and resistance to therapy.

Published
2021
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4. 241 Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in brain metastases (BM) from advanced small cell urothelial cancer (aSCUC)

Author

Jennifer Wang, Jianjun Gao, Chad Tang, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Nizar Tannir, Ana Aparicio, Christopher Logothetis, Lianchun Xiao, Matthew Campbell, Omar Alhalabi, Nathaniel Wilson, Elshad Hasanov, John Papadopoulos, Paul Corn, Bogdan Czerniak, Charles Guo, and Seungtaek Choi

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2021
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5. Case Report: Enfortumab Vedotin for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Series on the Clinical and Histopathologic Spectrum of Adverse Cutaneous Reactions From Fatal Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis to Dermal Hypersensitivity Reaction

Author

Paul V. Viscuse, Mario L. Marques-Piubelli, Meghan M. Heberton, Edwin Roger Parra, Amishi Y. Shah, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Jianjun Gao, Sangeeta Goswami, Doina Ivan, Jonathan L. Curry, and Matthew T. Campbell

Subjects
bladder cancer, enfortumab vedotin, SJS/TEN, urothelial cancer, adverse (side) effects, erythema multiform, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Enfortumab vedotin is a Nectin-4 directed antibody-drug conjugate approved in metastatic urothelial carcinoma following progression on a platinum-containing chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. On-target dermatologic toxicity may occur from Nectin-4 expression in the skin. We highlight a case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis following enfortumab infusions that was ultimately fatal. The second case describes an erythema multiforme-like rash with interface dermatitis related to enfortumab. Dermatologic findings, immunohistochemistry studies, and immune profiling are detailed. These cases demonstrate the potentially catastrophic outcomes in some patients treated with enfortumab. Patients must be monitored for cutaneous toxicities with early involvement of dermatology and dermatopathology.

Published
2021
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6. Urothelial-to-Neural Plasticity Drives Progression to Small Cell Bladder Cancer

Author

Guoliang Yang, Jolanta Bondaruk, David Cogdell, Ziqiao Wang, Sangkyou Lee, June Goo Lee, Shizhen Zhang, Woonyoung Choi, Yan Wang, Yu Liang, Gang Wang, Ying Wang, Hui Yao, Vipulkumar Dadhania, Jianjun Gao, Christopher Logothetis, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Ashish Kamat, Colin Dinney, Dan Theodorescu, Marek Kimmel, Peng Wei, Charles C. Guo, John N. Weinstein, David J. McConkey, and Bogdan Czerniak

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genomics, Cancer Systems Biology, Cancer, Transcriptomics, Science
Abstract

Summary: We report a comprehensive molecular analysis of 34 cases of small cell carcinoma (SCC) and 84 cases of conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC), with The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of 408 conventional UC bladder cancers used as the reference. SCCs showed mutational landscapes characterized by nearly uniform inactivation of TP53 and were dominated by Sanger mutation signature 3 associated with loss of BRCA1/2 function. SCCs were characterized by downregulation of luminal and basal markers and were referred to as double-negative. Transcriptome analyses indicated that SCCs displayed lineage plasticity driven by a urothelial-to-neural phenotypic switch with a dysregulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition network. SCCs were depleted of immune cells, and expressed high levels of the immune checkpoint receptor, adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A), which is a potent inhibitor of immune infiltration. Our observations have important implications for the prognostication and development of more effective therapies for this lethal bladder cancer variant.

Published
2020
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7. EMT- and stroma-related gene expression and resistance to PD-1 blockade in urothelial cancer

Author

Li Wang, Abdel Saci, Peter M. Szabo, Scott D. Chasalow, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Josep Domingo-Domenech, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Padmanee Sharma, John P. Sfakianos, Yixuan Gong, Ana Dominguez-Andres, William K. Oh, David Mulholland, Alex Azrilevich, Liangyuan Hu, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Hélène Salmon, Nina Bhardwaj, Jun Zhu, and Matthew D. Galsky

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Although T-cell infiltration is correlated with EMT-related gene expression in urothelial cancer specimens, here, the authors report EMT-related signatures in urothelial cancer arise mainly from stromal cells. Increased EMT-related gene expression in T-cell infiltrated tumors is associated with an attenuated response to immune checkpoint blockade, providing a rationale for therapeutic co-targeting PD-1 and stromal elements.

Published
2018
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9. Data from miR-200 Expression Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Reverses Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy

Author

Colin Dinney, Menashe Bar-Eli, David McConkey, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Hua Wang, George Calin, Ameeta Arora, Milena Nicoloso, Wei Qi, Woonyoung Choi, Meng Zhong, and Liana Adam

Abstract

Purpose: The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell development-regulated process in which noncoding RNAs act as crucial modulators. Recent studies have implied that EMT may contribute to resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–directed therapy. The aims of this study were to determine the potential role of microRNAs (miRNA) in controlling EMT and the role of EMT in inducing the sensitivity of human bladder cancer cells to the inhibitory effects of the anti-EGFR therapy.Experimental Design: miRNA array screening and real-time reverse transcription-PCR were used to identify and validate the differential expression of miRNAs involved in EMT in nine bladder cancer cell lines. A list of potential miR-200 direct targets was identified through the TargetScan database. The precursor of miR-200b and miR-200c was expressed in UMUC3 and T24 cells using a retrovirus or a lentivirus construct, respectively. Protein expression and signaling pathway modulation, as well as intracellular distribution of EGFR and ERRFI-1, were validated through Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, whereas ERRFI-1 direct target of miR-200 members was validated by using the wild-type and mutant 3′-untranslated region/ERRFI-1/luciferse reporters.Results: We identified a tight association between the expression of miRNAs of the miR-200 family, epithelial phenotype, and sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors–induced growth inhibition in bladder carcinoma cell lines. Stable expression of miR-200 in mesenchymal UMUC3 cells increased E-cadherin levels, decreased expression of ZEB1, ZEB2, ERRFI-1, and cell migration, and increased sensitivity to EGFR-blocking agents. The changes in EGFR sensitivity by silencing or forced expression of ERRFI-1 or by miR-200 expression have also been validated in additional cell lines, UMUC5 and T24. Finally, luciferase assays using 3′-untranslated region/ERRFI-1/luciferase and miR-200 cotransfections showed that the direct down-regulation of ERRFI-1 was miR-200-dependent because mutations in the two putative miR-200-binding sites have rescued the inhibitory effect.Conclusions: Members of the miR-200 family appear to control the EMT process and sensitivity to EGFR therapy in bladder cancer cells and the expression of miR-200 is sufficient to restore EGFR dependency at least in some of the mesenchymal bladder cancer cells. The targets of miR-200 include ERRFI-1, which is a novel regulator of EGFR-independent growth. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(16):5060–72)

Published
2023
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10. Conflict of Interest Form 1 from miR-200 Expression Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Reverses Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy

Author

Colin Dinney, Menashe Bar-Eli, David McConkey, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Hua Wang, George Calin, Ameeta Arora, Milena Nicoloso, Wei Qi, Woonyoung Choi, Meng Zhong, and Liana Adam

Abstract

Conflict of Interest Form 1 from miR-200 Expression Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells and Reverses Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy

Published
2023
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11. Recent Advances in BEMPEG (NKTR-214) plus NIVOLUMAB Combination Strategies in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Author

Nizar Tannir, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, and Robert Figlin

Abstract

In this roundtable discussion, renowned cancer experts analyze the potential immunomodulatory capabilities of bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG; NKTR- 214) in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI; anti-PD-1) in the therapeutic landscape of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) and other genitourinary cancers. The expert panel also shared their perspectives regarding the latest data from ongoing clinical trials which continue to show an encouraging efficacy and safety, risk/benefit of BEMPEG plus CPI combination.

Published
2022
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12. Meta-Analysis of the Luminal and Basal Subtypes of Bladder Cancer and the Identification of Signature Immunohistochemical Markers for Clinical Use

Author

Vipulkumar Dadhania, Miao Zhang, Li Zhang, Jolanta Bondaruk, Tadeusz Majewski, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Charles C. Guo, Colin Dinney, David E. Cogdell, Shizhen Zhang, Sangkyou Lee, June G. Lee, John N. Weinstein, Keith Baggerly, David McConkey, and Bogdan Czerniak

Subjects
Bladder cancer, Biomarker, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: It has been suggested that bladder cancer can be divided into two molecular subtypes referred to as luminal and basal with distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy. We aimed to validate these subtypes in several clinical cohorts and identify signature immunohistochemical markers that would permit simple and cost-effective classification of the disease in primary care centers. Methods: We analyzed genomic expression profiles of bladder cancer in three cohorts of fresh frozen tumor samples: MD Anderson (n = 132), Lund (n = 308), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 408) to validate the expression signatures of luminal and basal subtypes and relate them to clinical follow-up data. We also used an MD Anderson cohort of archival bladder tumor samples (n = 89) and a parallel tissue microarray to identify immunohistochemical markers that permitted the molecular classification of bladder cancer. Findings: Bladder cancers could be assigned to two candidate intrinsic molecular subtypes referred to here as luminal and basal in all of the datasets analyzed. Luminal tumors were characterized by the expression signature similar to the intermediate/superficial layers of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of PPARγ target genes and the enrichment for FGFR3, ELF3, CDKN1A, and TSC1 mutations. In addition, luminal tumors were characterized by the overexpression of E-Cadherin, HER2/3, Rab-25, and Src. Basal tumors showed the expression signature similar to the basal layer of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of p63 target genes, the enrichment for TP53 and RB1 mutations, and overexpression of CD49, Cyclin B1, and EGFR. Survival analyses showed that the muscle-invasive basal bladder cancers were more aggressive when compared to luminal cancers. The immunohistochemical expressions of only two markers, luminal (GATA3) and basal (KRT5/6), were sufficient to identify the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer with over 90% accuracy. Interpretation: The molecular subtypes of bladder cancer have distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy, and a simple two-marker immunohistochemical classifier can be used for prognostic and therapeutic stratification. Funding: U.S. National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.

Published
2016
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14. Abstract CT119: A first-in-human phase 1 study of LOXO-435, a potent, highly isoform-selective FGFR3 inhibitor in advanced solid tumors with FGFR3 alterations (trial in progress)

Author

Gopa Iyer, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Matthew Milowsky, Neal Shore, Xin Gao, Melissa A. Reimers, Noah Hahn, Rasha Cosman, Nobuaki Matsubara, Andrea Necchi, Debbie Robbrecht, Armelle Vinceneux, Enrique Grande, Jae-Lyun Lee, Tian Zhang, Tormod Guren, Ulrich M. Lauer, Michal Sarfaty, Bernhard Eigl, Syed Hussain, Xiang Zhao, Arjun V. Balar, Kaitlyn Francese, Ryan Widau, and Benjamin Garmezy

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

Background: Alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been identified as oncogenic drivers in several solid tumor malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma (UC). Available pan-FGFR inhibitors target all 4 isoforms of FGFR (FGFR1 - 4) and consequently their efficacy can be limited by off-target toxicity (i.e. inhibition of other non-altered FGFR isoforms) including gastrointestinal, oral mucositis, and cutaneous/nail disorders, as well as FGFR1-mediated hyperphosphatemia. Moreover, clinical studies of pan-FGFR inhibitors have reported the development of drug resistance through acquired gatekeeper mutations (e.g. V555M and V565F) at the time of disease progression. LOXO-435 is a potent, highly isoform-selective FGFR3 inhibitor that is designed to preserve activity in the setting of gatekeeper resistance mutations. Preclinically, LOXO-435 has demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo activity as a selective inhibitor of both wild-type and oncogenically activated FGFR3, including FGFR3 fusions, point mutations, and acquired gatekeeper resistance mutations without evidence of FGFR1-mediated hyperphosphatemia. Methods: LOXO-FG3-22001 is a multicenter, open-label, first-in-human phase 1a/b study of LOXO-435 in patients (pts) with FGFR3-altered advanced solid tumors, including metastatic UC (mUC) (NCT05614739). Eligible pts (≥ 18 years) must have an advanced or metastatic solid tumor with an FGFR3 alteration detected in tumor or ctDNA, ECOG PS of 0-1, and have received all standard therapy or have no known available options to provide benefit. The study will be conducted in 2 phases: phase 1a dose escalation and phase 1b dose expansion. Dose escalation (cohort A) will begin as a single-patient accelerated design, allowing intra-patient dose escalation, followed by the modified toxicity probability interval-2 method. Additional pts will be allowed to backfill to previously cleared dose levels that demonstrate therapeutically relevant exposures or direct evidence of clinical activity. Dose escalation will assess safety, PK/PD, and antitumor activity of LOXO-435 as monotherapy to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Dose expansion will include 4 cohorts of pts with prespecified activating FGFR3 alterations. Cohort B will enroll pts with mUC and include 2 cohorts to evaluate LOXO-435 as monotherapy (B1, B2) and 1 cohort to evaluate LOXO-435 in combination with pembrolizumab (B3). Cohort C will enroll pts with non-UC advanced solid tumors and will evaluate LOXO-435 as monotherapy (C1). Pts in cohort B1 must have progressed on or were intolerant to a prior FGFR inhibitor, and pts in cohorts B2, B3, and C1 must be FGFR inhibitor treatment naive. Dose expansion will evaluate the safety, PK/PD, and antitumor activity (per RECIST v1.1) of LOXO-435 at the RP2D. Citation Format: Gopa Iyer, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Matthew Milowsky, Neal Shore, Xin Gao, Melissa A. Reimers, Noah Hahn, Rasha Cosman, Nobuaki Matsubara, Andrea Necchi, Debbie Robbrecht, Armelle Vinceneux, Enrique Grande, Jae-Lyun Lee, Tian Zhang, Tormod Guren, Ulrich M. Lauer, Michal Sarfaty, Bernhard Eigl, Syed Hussain, Xiang Zhao, Arjun V. Balar, Kaitlyn Francese, Ryan Widau, Benjamin Garmezy. A first-in-human phase 1 study of LOXO-435, a potent, highly isoform-selective FGFR3 inhibitor in advanced solid tumors with FGFR3 alterations (trial in progress) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT119.

Published
2023
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15. Efficacy and safety of erdafitinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: long-term follow-up of a phase 2 study

Author

Arlene O Siefker-Radtke, Andrea Necchi, Se Hoon Park, Jesús García-Donas, Robert A Huddart, Earle F Burgess, Mark T Fleming, Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty, Begoña Mellado, Sergei Varlamov, Monika Joshi, Ignacio Duran, Scott T Tagawa, Yousef Zakharia, Sydney Akapame, Ademi E Santiago-Walker, Manish Monga, Anne O'Hagan, Yohann Loriot, Scott Tagawa, Aude Flechon, Boris Alexeev, Sergey Varlamov, Robert Huddart, Earle Burgess, Arash Rezazadeh, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Yann Vano, Donatello Gasparro, Alketa Hamzaj, Eugeniy Kopyltsov, Jesus Gracia Donas, Begona Mellado, Omi Parikh, Peter Schatteman, Stephane Culine, Nadine Houédé, Sylvie Zanetta, Gaetano Facchini, Giorgio Scagliotti, Giovanni Schinzari, Jae Lyun Lee, Mikhail Shkolnik, Mark Fleming, Monica Joshi, Peter O'Donnell, Herbert Stöger, Karel Decaestecker, Luc Dirix, Jean Pascal Machiels, Dephine Borchiellini, Remy Delva, Frederic Rolland, Boris Hadaschik, Margitta Retz, Eli Rosenbaum, Umberto Basso, Alessandra Mosca, Hyo Jin Lee, Dong Bok Shin, Cristina Cebotaru, Victor Moreno, Jose Luis Perez Gracia, Alvaro Pinto, Wen-Pin Su, Shian-Shiang Wang, John Hainsworth, Ian Schnadig, Sandhya Srinivas, Nicholas Vogelzang, Wolfgang Loidl, Johannes Meran, Marine Gross Goupil, Florence Joly, Florian Imkamp, Theodor Klotz, Susanne Krege, Matthias May, Wolfgang Schultze-Seemann, Arne Strauss, Uwe Zimmermann, Daniel Keizman, Avivit Peer, Avishai Sella, Rossana Berardi, Ugo De Giorgi, Cora Nanette Sternberg, Sun Young Rha, Iurie Bulat, Adel Izmailov, Vsevolod Matveev, Vladimir Vladimirov, Joan Carles, Albert Font, Maribel Saez, Isabel Syndikus, Kathryn Tarver, Leonard Appleman, John Burke, Nancy Dawson, Sharad Jain, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oncologie médicale, UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, UCL - (SLuc) Centre du cancer, and UCL - (SLuc) Unité d'oncologie médicale

Subjects
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Middle Aged, ErbB Receptors, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Oncology, Quinoxalines, Mutation, Humans, Pyrazoles, Neoplasm Metastasis, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Erdafitinib, a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was shown to be clinically active and tolerable in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and prespecified FGFR alterations in the primary analysis of the BLC2001 study at median 11 months of follow-up. We aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of the selected regimen of erdafitinib determined in the initial part of the study. Methods The open-label, non-comparator, phase 2, BLC2001 study was done at 126 medical centres in 14 countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, at least one prespecified FGFR alteration, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2, and progressive disease after receiving at least one systemic chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or were ineligible for cisplatin. The selected regimen determined in the initial part of the study was continuous once daily 8 mg/day oral erdafitinib in 28-day cycles, with provision for pharmacodynamically guided uptitration to 9 mg/day (8 mg/day UpT). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors version 1.1. Efficacy and safety were analysed in all treated patients who received at least one dose of erdafitinib. This is the final analysis of this study. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02365597. Findings Between May 25, 2015, and Aug 9, 2018, 2328 patients were screened, of whom 212 were enrolled and 101 were treated with the selected erdafitinib 8 mg/day UpT regimen. The data cutoff date for this analysis was Aug 9, 2019. Median efficacy follow-up was 24·0 months (IQR 22·7–26·6). The investigator-assessed objective response rate for patients treated with the selected erdafitinib regimen was 40 (40%; 95% CI 30–49) of 101 patients. The safety profile remained similar to that in the primary analysis, with no new safety signals reported with longer follow-up. Grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events of any causality occurred in 72 (71%) of 101 patients. The most common grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events of any cause were stomatitis (in 14 [14%] of 101 patients) and hyponatraemia (in 11 [11%]). There were no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation With longer follow-up, treatment with the selected regimen of erdafitinib showed consistent activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and prespecified FGFR alterations.

Published
2022

16. Distinct Gene Mutations Are Associated With Clinicopathologic Features in Urachal Carcinoma

Author

Michael P Zaleski, Hui Chen, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, Keyur P Patel, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Mark J Routbort, Ashish M Kamat, Jianjun Gao, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Bogdan Czerniak, and Charles C Guo

Subjects
Adult, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, DNA Mutational Analysis, Mutation, Humans, Female, General Medicine, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell, Aged
Abstract

Objectives To investigate the gene mutational profile of urachal carcinoma in correlation with its clinicopathologic features. Methods We analyzed genetic mutations in 30 cases of urachal carcinoma by next-generation sequencing (NGS) test. Histologic slides and clinical data were reviewed. Results The patients included 21 men and 9 women, with a mean age of 53 years (range, 24-75 years). The urachal carcinomas included mucinous (11), enteric (10), signet ring cell (8), and high-grade neuroendocrine (1) subtypes. Targeted NGS analysis demonstrated genetic mutations in all the urachal tumors (mean, 2; range, 1-4). TP53 was the most mutated gene (25), followed by KRAS (9) and GNAS (8) genes. TP53 mutations were more common in the signet ring cell subtype (7/8), and GNAS mutations were present only in the mucinous (5/11) and signet ring cell subtypes (3/8) but not in the enteric subtype (0/10). KRAS mutations were significantly associated with cancer stage IV (P = .02) and younger patient age (P = .046). Furthermore, the presence of KRAS mutations in urachal carcinoma portended a poorer overall survival (P = .006). Conclusions Urachal carcinoma demonstrates frequent gene mutations that are associated with distinct clinicopathologic features. Gene mutation may underlie the development and progression of this aggressive disease.

Published
2021

17. Reply To Kenneth B. Yatai, Mark J. Dunning, Dennis Wang. Consensus Genomic Subtypes of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Step in the Right Direction but Still a Long Way To Go. Eur Urol 2020;77:434–5

Author

Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Ewan A. Gibb, Qianxing Mo, Colin P.N. Dinney, A Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Jordan Kardos, Thomas Powles, Yves Allory, William Y. Kim, Joaquim Bellmunt, Katherine A. Hoadley, Arndt Hartmann, Roland Seiler, Seth P. Lerner, Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot, Núria Malats, Jacqueline Fontugne, Francisco X. Real, Ann Taber, John N. Weinstein, Mattias Aine, Gottfrid Sjödahl, Nanor Sirab, Aurélie Kamoun, Peter C. Black, Lars Dyrskjøt, Bogdan Czerniak, Keith S. Chan, Thierry Lebret, A. Gordon Robertson, Fredrik Liedberg, David J. Kwiatkowski, Mattias Höglund, Mauro A. A. Castro, Clarice S. Groeneveld, Pontus Eriksson, Jaegil Kim, François Radvanyi, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Aurélien de Reyniès, Woonyoung Choi, and David J. McConkey

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Urology, MEDLINE, Muscle invasive, Genomics, medicine.disease, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, business
Abstract

In our study the Bladder Cancer Molecular Taxonomy Group collaborated to extend a first consensus report, addressing the need for a consensus molecular classification for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that would support basic research and clinical trials. We provide such a consensus classification and offer a single-sample classifier (http://cit.ligue-cancer.net:3838/apps/consensusMIBC_web).

Published
2020
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18. Five and Ten-Year Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery for High-Risk Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Author

Mehrad Adibi, Barrett McCormick, Minas P. Economides, Firas Petros, Lianchun Xiao, Charles Guo, Amishi Shah, Ashish M. Kamat, Colin Dinney, Neema Navai, Jianjun Gao, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Surena F. Matin, and Matthew T. Campbell

Subjects
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Oncology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Ureteral Neoplasms, Urology, Humans, Prospective Studies, Kidney Neoplasms, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Emerging data suggests improved outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma. In one of the largest single-center experiences to date, we provide an updated analysis of outcomes of patients receiving NAC followed by RNU.A retrospective review of patients with high-risk UTUC who received NAC followed by surgery between 2004 to 2017 was conducted. 126 patients were evaluated as part of the analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival probabilities. Multivariable Cox modeling was used to evaluate for association with outcomes, and the cumulative incidence factor was used for competing risk analysis.Median OS time was 106 months. 14.3% of patients had a pathologic complete response and 60% were down-staged to ypT0-1 ypN0. The estimated 5 and 10-year DSS rates were 89.8% and 80.6%, respectively. The estimated 5 and 10-year metastasis-free survival rates were 81% and 75.4%, respectively. The estimated 5 and 10-year OS rates were 73.7% and 35.9 %, respectively. Recurrences mainly occurred in lymph nodes and lung at a median time of 15.5 months (IQR 8.9-27). The estimated 5 and 10-year cumulative incidence factor for death from UTUC was 9.5% and 16.1%, respectively. Limitations include retrospective nature and challenge of accurate pre-surgical staging.NAC prior to RNU in high-risk UTUC shows durable 5 and 10-year OS and DSS rates in a large single-institution series, confirming prior findings in prospective trials and retrospective studies.

Published
2021

19. Inhibition of inducible heat shock protein-70 (hsp72) enhances bortezomib-induced cell death in human bladder cancer cells.

Author

Wei Qi, Matthew C White, Woonyoung Choi, Charles Guo, Colin Dinney, David J McConkey, and Arlene Siefker-Radtke

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) is a promising new agent for bladder cancer therapy, but inducible cytoprotective mechanisms may limit its potential efficacy. We used whole genome mRNA expression profiling to study the effects of bortezomib on stress-induced gene expression in a panel of human bladder cancer cell lines. Bortezomib induced strong upregulation of the inducible HSP70 isoforms HSPA1A and HSPA1B isoforms of Hsp72 in 253J B-V and SW780 (HSPA1A(high)) cells, but only induced the HSPA1B isoform in UM-UC10 and UM-UC13 (HSPA1A(low)) cells. Bortezomib stimulated the binding of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) to the HSPA1A promoter in 253JB-V but not in UM-UC13 cells. Methylation-specific PCR revealed that the HSPA1A promoter was methylated in the HSPA1A(low) cell lines (UM-UC10 and UM-UC13), and exposure to the chromatin demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored HSPA1A expression. Overexpression of Hsp72 promoted bortezomib resistance in the UM-UC10 and UM-UC13 cells, whereas transient knockdown of HSPA1B further sensitized these cells to bortezomib, and exposure to the chemical HSF1 inhibitor KNK-437 promoted bortezomib sensitivity in the 253J B-V cells. Finally, shRNA-mediated stable knockdown of Hsp72 in 253J B-V promoted sensitivity to bortezomib in vitro and in tumor xenografts in vivo. Together, our results provide proof-of-concept for using Hsp72 inhibitors to promote bortezomib sensitivity in bladder cancers and suggest that selective targeting of HSPA1B could produce synthetic lethality in tumors that display HSPA1A promoter methylation.

Published
2013
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20. GFR fluctuation induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlates with pathologic stage of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Author

Patrick J. Hensley, Jianjun Gao, Mehrad Adibi, M. Campbell, Neema Navai, Bogdan Czerniak, J. Papadopoulos, Charles C. Guo, A. Shah, Colin P.N. Dinney, Ashish M. Kamat, Tanner Miest, L. Cherry, A Arlene Siefker-Radtke, and Surena F. Matin

Subjects
Pathologic stage, Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Upper tract, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, business, Urothelial carcinoma
Published
2021
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22. MTAP deficiency creates an exploitable target for antifolate therapy in 9p21-loss cancers

Author

Omar Alhalabi, Jianfeng Chen, Yuxue Zhang, Yang Lu, Qi Wang, Sumankalai Ramachandran, Rebecca Slack Tidwell, Guangchun Han, Xinmiao Yan, Jieru Meng, Ruiping Wang, Anh G. Hoang, Wei-Lien Wang, Jian Song, Lidia Lopez, Alex Andreev-Drakhlin, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Xinqiao Zhang, William F. Benedict, Amishi Y. Shah, Jennifer Wang, Pavlos Msaouel, Miao Zhang, Charles C. Guo, Bogdan Czerniak, Carmen Behrens, Luisa Soto, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Jeff Lewis, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Vadeerat Rinsurongkawong, Jack Lee, Jack Roth, Stephen Swisher, Ignacio Wistuba, John Heymach, Jing Wang, Matthew T. Campbell, Eleni Efstathiou, Mark Titus, Christopher J. Logothetis, Thai H. Ho, Jianjun Zhang, Linghua Wang, and Jianjun Gao

Subjects
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Multidisciplinary, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, General Physics and Astronomy, Folic Acid Antagonists, Humans, General Chemistry, Prospective Studies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an essential enzyme for the adenine salvage pathway, is often deficient (MTAPdef) in tumors with 9p21 loss and hypothetically renders tumors susceptible to synthetic lethality by antifolates targeting de novo purine synthesis. Here we report our single arm phase II trial (NCT02693717) that assesses pemetrexed in MTAPdef urothelial carcinoma (UC) with the primary endpoint of overall response rate (ORR). Three of 7 enrolled MTAPdef patients show response to pemetrexed (ORR 43%). Furthermore, a historic cohort shows 4 of 4 MTAPdef patients respond to pemetrexed as compared to 1 of 10 MTAP-proficient patients. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data using UC cell lines demonstrate increased sensitivity to pemetrexed by inducing DNA damage, and distorting nucleotide pools. In addition, MTAP-knockdown increases sensitivity to pemetrexed. Furthermore, in a lung adenocarcinoma retrospective cohort (N = 72) from the published BATTLE2 clinical trial (NCT01248247), MTAPdef associates with an improved response rate to pemetrexed. Our data demonstrate a synthetic lethal interaction between MTAPdef and de novo purine inhibition, which represents a promising therapeutic strategy for larger prospective trials.

Published
2020

23. A Consensus Molecular Classification of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Author

Aurélie Kamoun, Aurélien de Reyniès, Yves Allory, Gottfrid Sjödahl, A. Gordon Robertson, Roland Seiler, Katherine A. Hoadley, Clarice S. Groeneveld, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Woonyoung Choi, Mauro A.A. Castro, Jacqueline Fontugne, Pontus Eriksson, Qianxing Mo, Jordan Kardos, Alexandre Zlotta, Arndt Hartmann, Colin P. Dinney, Joaquim Bellmunt, Thomas Powles, Núria Malats, Keith S. Chan, William Y. Kim, David J. McConkey, Peter C. Black, Lars Dyrskjøt, Mattias Höglund, Seth P. Lerner, Francisco X. Real, François Radvanyi, Mattias Aine, Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot, Bogdan Czerniak, Ewan A. Gibb, Jaegil Kim, David J. Kwiatkowski, Thierry Lebret, Fredrik Liedberg, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Nanor Sirab, Ann Taber, John Weinstein, Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital René HUGUENIN (Saint-Cloud), (le programme) Cartes d'identité des tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationales Contre le Cancer (LNCC), and Hôpital Foch [Suresnes]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcriptomic classifier, Consensus, Urology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, 610 Medicine & health, Disease, Cystectomy, Article, Molecular taxonomy, Basal (phylogenetics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Molecular classification, Rare Diseases, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Predictive biomarker, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Muscle invasive, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Response to treatment, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, 030104 developmental biology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Medical genetics, Female, business, Muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Abstract

Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a molecularly diverse disease with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Several molecular classifications have been proposed, but the diversity of their subtype sets impedes their clinical application. Objective: To achieve an international consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes that reconciles the published classification schemes. Design, setting, and participants: We used 1750 MIBC transcriptomic profiles from 16 published datasets and two additional cohorts. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We performed a network-based analysis of six independent MIBC classification systems to identify a consensus set of molecular classes. Association with survival was assessed using multivariable Cox models. Results and limitations: We report the results of an international effort to reach a consensus on MIBC molecular subtypes. We identified a consensus set of six molecular classes: luminal papillary (24%), luminal nonspecified (8%), luminal unstable (15%), stroma-rich (15%), basal/squamous (35%), and neuroendocrine-like (3%). These consensus classes differ regarding underlying oncogenic mechanisms, infiltration by immune and stromal cells, and histological and clinical characteristics, including outcomes. We provide a single-sample classifier that assigns a consensus class label to a tumor sample's transcriptome. Limitations of the work are retrospective clinical data collection and a lack of complete information regarding patient treatment. Conclusions: This consensus system offers a robust framework that will enable testing and validation of predictive biomarkers in future prospective clinical trials. Patient summary: Bladder cancers are heterogeneous at the molecular level, and scientists have proposed several classifications into sets of molecular classes. While these classifications may be useful to stratify patients for prognosis or response to treatment, a consensus classification would facilitate the clinical use of molecular classes. Conducted by multidisciplinary expert teams in the field, this study proposes such a consensus and provides a tool for applying the consensus classification in the clinical setting. An international consortium of bladder cancer expert teams establishes a consensus reconciling the diverse molecular classifications of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This work offers a robust framework that will enable testing and validating predictive biomarkers in future prospective clinical trials.

Published
2020
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24. p63 expression defines a lethal subset of muscle-invasive bladder cancers.

Author

Woonyoung Choi, Jay B Shah, Mai Tran, Robert Svatek, Lauren Marquis, I-Ling Lee, Dasom Yu, Liana Adam, Sijin Wen, Yu Shen, Colin Dinney, David J McConkey, and Arlene Siefker-Radtke

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

p63 is a member of the p53 family that has been implicated in maintenance of epithelial stem cell compartments. Previous studies demonstrated that p63 is downregulated in muscle-invasive bladder cancers, but the relationship between p63 expression and survival is not clear.We used real-time PCR to characterize p63 expression and several genes implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bladder cancer cell lines (n = 15) and primary tumors (n = 101). We correlated tumor marker expression with stage, disease-specific (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Expression of E-cadherin and p63 correlated directly with one another and inversely with expression of the mesenchymal markers Zeb-1, Zeb-2, and vimentin. Non-muscle-invasive (Ta and T1) bladder cancers uniformly expressed high levels of E-cadherin and p63 and low levels of the mesenchymal markers. Interestingly, a subset of muscle-invasive (T2-T4) tumors maintained high levels of E-cadherin and p63 expression. As expected, there was a strongly significant correlation between EMT marker expression and muscle invasion (p

Published
2012
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25. Abstract IA03: Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer: Toward a more granular description of cancer heterogeneity

Author

Colin P. Dinney, A Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Woonyoung Choi, Bogdan Czerniak, and David J. McConkey

Subjects
Cancer Research, Bladder cancer, Oncology, business.industry, Cancer research, Medicine, Cancer, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

Whole-transcriptome mRNA expression profiling studies have established that muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) can be subdivided into “basal/squamous” and “luminal” molecular subtypes that are associated with distinct biologic and clinical properties. In general, basal/squamous tumors tend to be more highly enriched in canonical cancer stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and perhaps as a consequence, they are associated with advanced stage and metastatic disease at presentation. On the other hand, luminal tumors are enriched with breast cancer luminal biomarkers, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPARG) expression and pathway activation, members of the miR-200 family of EMT repressors, and activating mutations and fusions targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3). Past studies demonstrated that subsets of both basal and luminal MIBCs respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as measured by downstaging to As the available datasets grow larger, it has become possible to further subdivide the basal/squamous and luminal tumors into additional molecular subtypes. A fraction of basal/squamous tumors lose expression of basal keratins, TP63, and E- and P-cadherins and exhibit molecular features of “complete” EMT. These tumors are similar to claudin-low breast cancers and appear to be more aggressive, exemplified in the observation that patients with claudin-low tumors fail to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It appears likely that sarcomatoid tumors represent a phenotypic conversion to the extreme end of the EMT spectrum. Likewise, neuroendocrine and small cell bladder cancers also appear to evolve from basal/squamous tumors via mechanisms that involve combined inactivation of TP53 and RB1. Although the general determinants of basal/squamous molecular heterogeneity appear relatively straightforward, the extent of the heterogeneity that exists in luminal tumors is still emerging. The Lund group's overall dichotemization of luminal tumors into “genomically unstable” and “urothelial” is extremely attractive, but the determinants of heterogeneity within the urothelial tumors await definition. TCGA and the molecular subtypes consensus group identified a small but clinically aggressive luminal subtype that seems somewhat similar to carcinoma in situ (CIS), but precisely how it corresponds to the other luminal subtypes is also unclear. Finally, micropapillary tumors are enriched in luminal biomarkers and overexpression of ERBB2, but their biologic determinants are also unknown. Because non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) are highly enriched with luminal tumors, it seems likely that the luminal subtypes will become more granular as larger NMIBC datasets are merged with the MIBCs. Citation Format: David J. McConkey, Woonyoung Choi, Colin P.N. Dinney, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Bogdan Czerniak. Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer: Toward a more granular description of cancer heterogeneity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2019 May 18-21; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.

Published
2020
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26. Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 49 Cases

Author

Melanie D, Fox, Li, Xiao, Miao, Zhang, Ashish M, Kamat, Arlene, Siefker-Radtke, Li, Zhang, Colin P, Dinney, Bogdan, Czerniak, and Charles C, Guo

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Immunohistochemistry, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the bladder is a rare histologic variant. We retrospectively analyzed a large series of bladder PUC from a single institution.The patients consisted of 44 men and five women with a mean age of 62 years (range, 45-86 years).PUC was pure in 23 cases and mixed with other histologic types in 26 cases. All PUCs diffusely invaded the bladder wall. Most PUCs lacked immunoreactivity for the retinoblastoma (RB) gene protein (12/32) and E-cadherin (8/30). Of the 44 patients with follow-up information, 25 died of PUC at a mean of 23 months, whereas 19 patients were alive at a mean of 22 months.Our findings support that bladder PUC is a highly aggressive disease. The lack of E-cadherin expression in PUCs may underlie the distinct discohesive histologic appearance, and abnormal function of the RB gene may be implicated in the development of PUC.

Published
2017

27. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part one

Author

Andreas Lundqvist, Vincent van Hoef, Xiaonan Zhang, Erik Wennerberg, Julie Lorent, Kristina Witt, Laia Masvidal Sanz, Shuo Liang, Shannon Murray, Ola Larsson, Rolf Kiessling, Yumeng Mao, John-William Sidhom, Catherine A. Bessell, Jonathan Havel, Jonathan Schneck, Timothy A. Chan, Eliot Sachsenmeier, David Woods, Anders Berglund, Rupal Ramakrishnan, Andressa Sodre, Jeffrey Weber, Roberta Zappasodi, Yanyun Li, Jingjing Qi, Philip Wong, Cynthia Sirard, Michael Postow, Walter Newman, Henry Koon, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Margaret K. Callahan, Jedd D. Wolchok, Taha Merghoub, Lawrence G. Lum, Minsig Choi, Archana Thakur, Abhinav Deol, Gregory Dyson, Anthony Shields, Cara Haymaker, Marc Uemura, Ravi Murthy, Marihella James, Daqing Wang, Julie Brevard, Catherine Monaghan, Suzanne Swann, James Geib, Mark Cornfeld, Srinivas Chunduru, Sudhir Agrawal, Cassian Yee, Jennifer Wargo, Sapna P. Patel, Rodabe Amaria, Hussein Tawbi, Isabella Glitza, Scott Woodman, Wen-Jen Hwu, Michael A. Davies, Patrick Hwu, Willem W. Overwijk, Chantale Bernatchez, Adi Diab, Erminia Massarelli, Neil H. Segal, Vincent Ribrag, Ignacio Melero, Tara C. Gangadhar, Walter Urba, Dirk Schadendorf, Robert L. Ferris, Roch Houot, Franck Morschhauser, Theodore Logan, Jason J. Luke, William Sharfman, Fabrice Barlesi, Patrick A. Ott, Laura Mansi, Shivaani Kummar, Gilles Salles, Cecilia Carpio, Roland Meier, Suba Krishnan, Dan McDonald, Matthew Maurer, Xuemin Gu, Jaclyn Neely, Satyendra Suryawanshi, Ronald Levy, Nikhil Khushalani, Jennifer Wu, Jinyu Zhang, Fahmin Basher, Mark Rubinstein, Mark Bucsek, Guanxi Qiao, Cameron MacDonald, Bonnie Hylander, Elizabeth Repasky, Shilpak Chatterjee, Anusara Daenthanasanmak, Paramita Chakraborty, Kyle Toth, Megan Meek, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Michael Nishimura, Chrystal Paulos, Craig Beeson, Xuezhong Yu, Shikhar Mehrotra, Fei Zhao, Kathy Evans, Christine Xiao, Alisha Holtzhausen, Brent A. Hanks, Nicole Scharping, Ashley V. Menk, Rebecca Moreci, Ryan Whetstone, Rebekah Dadey, Simon Watkins, Robert Ferris, Greg M. Delgoffe, Jonathan Peled, Sean Devlin, Anna Staffas, Melissa Lumish, Kori Porosnicu Rodriguez, Katya Ahr, Miguel Perales, Sergio Giralt, Ying Taur, Eric Pamer, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Robert Jenq, Nicola Annels, Hardev Pandha, Guy Simpson, Hugh Mostafid, Kevin Harrington, Alan Melcher, Mark Grose, Bronwyn Davies, Gough Au, Roberta Karpathy, Darren Shafren, Jacob Ricca, Dmitriy Zamarin, Luciana Batista, Florence Marliot, Angela Vasaturo, Sabrina Carpentier, Cécile Poggionovo, Véronique Frayssinet, Jacques Fieschi, Marc Van den Eynde, Franck Pagès, Jérôme Galon, Fabienne Hermitte, Sean G. Smith, Khue Nguyen, Sruthi Ravindranathan, Bhanu Koppolu, David Zaharoff, Gustavo Schvartsman, Roland Bassett, Jennifer L. McQuade, Lauren E. Haydu, Douglas Kline, Xiufen Chen, Dominick Fosco, Justin Kline, Abigail Overacre, Maria Chikina, Erin Brunazzi, Gulidanna Shayan, William Horne, Jay Kolls, Tullia C. Bruno, Creg Workman, Dario Vignali, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Ephraim A Ansa-Addo, Zihai Li, Andrew Gerry, Joseph P. Sanderson, Karen Howe, Roslin Docta, Qian Gao, Eleanor A. L. Bagg, Nicholas Tribble, Miguel Maroto, Gareth Betts, Natalie Bath, Luca Melchiori, Daniel E. Lowther, Indu Ramachandran, Gabor Kari, Samik Basu, Gwendolyn Binder-Scholl, Karen Chagin, Lini Pandite, Tom Holdich, Rafael Amado, Hua Zhang, John Glod, Donna Bernstein, Bent Jakobsen, Crystal Mackall, Ryan Wong, Jonathan D. Silk, Katherine Adams, Garth Hamilton, Alan D. Bennett, Sara Brett, Junping Jing, Adriano Quattrini, Manoj Saini, Guy Wiedermann, Joanna Brewer, MyLinh Duong, An Lu, Peter Chang, Aruna Mahendravada, Nicholas Shinners, Kevin Slawin, David M. Spencer, Aaron E. Foster, J. Henri Bayle, Cristina Bergamaschi, Sinnie Sin Man Ng, Bethany Nagy, Shawn Jensen, Xintao Hu, Candido Alicea, Bernard Fox, Barbara Felber, George Pavlakis, Jessica Chacon, Tori Yamamoto, Thomas Garrabrant, Luis Cortina, Daniel J. Powell, Marco Donia, Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen, Rikke Andersen, Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard, Valentina Bianchi, Mateusz Legut, Meriem Attaf, Garry Dolton, Barbara Szomolay, Sascha Ott, Rikke Lyngaa, Sine Reker Hadrup, Andrew Kelvin Sewell, Inge Marie Svane, Aaron Fan, Takumi Kumai, Esteban Celis, Ian Frank, Amanda Stramer, Michelle A. Blaskovich, Seth Wardell, Maria Fardis, James Bender, Michael T. Lotze, Stephanie L. Goff, Nikolaos Zacharakis, Yasmine Assadipour, Todd D. Prickett, Jared J. Gartner, Robert Somerville, Mary Black, Hui Xu, Harshini Chinnasamy, Isaac Kriley, Lily Lu, John Wunderlich, Paul F. Robbins, Steven Rosenberg, Steven A. Feldman, Kasia Trebska-McGowan, Parisa Malekzadeh, Eden Payabyab, Richard Sherry, Aishwarya Gokuldass, Charlene Kopits, Brian Rabinovich, Daniel S. Green, Olena Kamenyeva, Kathryn C. Zoon, Christina M. Annunziata, Joanne Hammill, Christopher Helsen, Craig Aarts, Jonathan Bramson, Yui Harada, Yoshikazu Yonemitsu, Kenneth Mwawasi, Galina Denisova, Rajanish Giri, Benjamin Jin, Tracy Campbell, Lindsey M. Draper, Sanja Stevanovic, Zhiya Yu, Bianca Weissbrich, Nicholas P. Restifo, Cornelia L. Trimble, Christian S. Hinrichs, Kwong Tsang, Massimo Fantini, James W. Hodge, Rika Fujii, Ingrid Fernando, Caroline Jochems, Christopher Heery, James Gulley, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Jeffrey Schlom, Weiqing Jing, Jill Gershan, Grace Blitzer, James Weber, Laura McOlash, Bryon D. Johnson, Simin Kiany, Huang Gangxiong, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Michael Klichinsky, Marco Ruella, Olga Shestova, Saad Kenderian, Miriam Kim, John Scholler, Carl H. June, Saar Gill, Duane Moogk, Shi Zhong, Ivan Liadi, William Rittase, Victoria Fang, Janna Dougherty, Arianne Perez-Garcia, Iman Osman, Cheng Zhu, Navin Varadarajan, Alan Frey, Michelle Krogsgaard, Daniel Landi, Kristen Fousek, Malini Mukherjee, Ankita Shree, Sujith Joseph, Kevin Bielamowicz, Tiara Byrd, Nabil Ahmed, Meenakshi Hegde, Sylvia Lee, David Byrd, John Thompson, Shailender Bhatia, Scott Tykodi, Judy Delismon, Liz Chu, Siddiq Abdul-Alim, Arpy Ohanian, Anna Marie DeVito, Stanley Riddell, Kim Margolin, Isabelle Magalhaes, Jonas Mattsson, Michael Uhlin, Satoshi Nemoto, Patricio Pérez Villarroel, Ryosuke Nakagawa, James J. Mule, Adam W. Mailloux, Melinda Mata, Phuong Nguyen, Claudia Gerken, Christopher DeRenzo, Stephen Gottschalk, Mélissa Mathieu, Sandy Pelletier, John Stagg, Simon Turcotte, Nicholas Minutolo, Prannda Sharma, Andrew Tsourkas, Nadine Mockel-Tenbrinck, Daniela Mauer, Katharina Drechsel, Carola Barth, Katharina Freese, Ulrike Kolrep, Silke Schult, Mario Assenmacher, Andrew Kaiser, John Mullinax, MacLean Hall, Julie Le, Krithika Kodumudi, Erica Royster, Allison Richards, Ricardo Gonzalez, Amod Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas, Morten Nielsen, Anders Krarup-Hansen, Dorrit Hovgaard, Michael Mørk Petersen, Anand Chainsukh Loya, Niels Junker, Charlotte Rivas, Robin Parihar, Cliona M. Rooney, Haiying Qin, Sang Nguyen, Paul Su, Chad Burk, Brynn Duncan, Bong-Hyun Kim, M. Eric Kohler, Terry Fry, Arjun A. Rao, Noam Teyssier, Jacob Pfeil, Nikolaos Sgourakis, Sofie Salama, David Haussler, Sarah A. Richman, Selene Nunez-Cruz, Zack Gershenson, Zissimos Mourelatos, David Barrett, Stephan Grupp, Michael Milone, Alba Rodriguez-Garcia, Matthew K. Robinson, Gregory P. Adams, João Santos, Riikka Havunen, Mikko Siurala, Víctor Cervera-Carrascón, Suvi Parviainen, Marjukka Antilla, Akseli Hemminki, Jyothi Sethuraman, Laurelis Santiago, Jie Qing Chen, Zhimin Dai, Huizi Sha, Shu Su, Naiqing Ding, Baorui Liu, Anna Pasetto, Sarah R. Helman, Steven A. Rosenberg, Melissa Burgess, Hui Zhang, Tien Lee, Hans Klingemann, Paul Nghiem, John M. Kirkwood, John M. Rossi, Marika Sherman, Allen Xue, Yueh-wei Shen, Lynn Navale, James N. Kochenderfer, Adrian Bot, Anandaraman Veerapathran, Doris Wiener, Edmund K. Waller, Jian-Ming Li, Christopher Petersen, Bruce R. Blazar, Jingxia Li, Cynthia R. Giver, Ziming Wang, Steven K. Grossenbacher, Ian Sturgill, Robert J. Canter, William J. Murphy, Congcong Zhang, Michael C. Burger, Lukas Jennewein, Anja Waldmann, Michel Mittelbronn, Torsten Tonn, Joachim P. Steinbach, Winfried S. Wels, Jason B. Williams, Yuanyuan Zha, Thomas F. Gajewski, LaTerrica C. Williams, Giedre Krenciute, Mamta Kalra, Chrystal Louis, Gang Xin, David Schauder, Aimin Jiang, Nikhil Joshi, Weiguo Cui, Xue Zeng, Zeguo Zhao, Mohamad Hamieh, Justin Eyquem, Gertrude Gunset, Neil Bander, Michel Sadelain, David Askmyr, Milad Abolhalaj, Kristina Lundberg, Lennart Greiff, Malin Lindstedt, Helen K. Angell, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung-Tae Kim, Sung Kim, Alan D. Sharpe, Julia Ogden, Anna Davenport, Darren R. Hodgson, Carl Barrett, Jeeyun Lee, Elaine Kilgour, Jodi Hanson, Richard Caspell, Alexey Karulin, Paul Lehmann, Tameem Ansari, Annemarie Schiller, Srividya Sundararaman, Diana Roen, Mark Ayers, Diane Levitan, Gladys Arreaza, Fang Liu, Robin Mogg, Yung-Jue Bang, Bert O’Neil, Razvan Cristescu, Philip Friedlander, Karl Wassman, Chrisann Kyi, William Oh, Nina Bhardwaj, Svetlana Bornschlegl, Michael P. Gustafson, Dennis A. Gastineau, Ian F. Parney, Allan B. Dietz, Daniel Carvajal-Hausdorf, Nikita Mani, Kurt Schalper, David Rimm, Serena Chang, John Kurland, Christoph Matthias Ahlers, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Lewis Cohen, Holden Maecker, Holbrook Kohrt, Shuming Chen, George Crabill, Theresa Pritchard, Tracee McMiller, Drew Pardoll, Fan Pan, Suzanne Topalian, Patrick Danaher, Sarah Warren, Lucas Dennis, Andrew M. White, Leonard D’Amico, Melissa Geller, Mary L. Disis, Joseph Beechem, Kunle Odunsi, Steven Fling, Roshanak Derakhshandeh, Tonya J. Webb, Sigrid Dubois, Kevin Conlon, Bonita Bryant, Jennifer Hsu, Nancy Beltran, Jürgen Müller, Thomas Waldmann, Rebekka Duhen, Thomas Duhen, Lucas Thompson, Ryan Montler, Andrew Weinberg, Max Kates, Brandon Early, Erik Yusko, Taylor H. Schreiber, Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Jared Lunceford, Michael Nebozhyn, Erin Murphy, Andrey Loboda, David R. Kaufman, Andrew Albright, Jonathan Cheng, S. Peter Kang, Veena Shankaran, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Jennifer Yearley, Tanguy Seiwert, Antoni Ribas, Terrill K. McClanahan, Xinwei Sher, Xiao Qiao Liu, Andrew Joe, Elizabeth Plimack, Alex Forrest-Hay, Cheryl A. Guyre, Kohei Narumiya, Marc Delcommenne, Heather A. Hirsch, Amit Deshpande, Jason Reeves, Jenny Shu, Tong Zi, Jennifer Michaelson, Debbie Law, Elizabeth Trehu, Sriram Sathyanaryanan, Brendan P. Hodkinson, Natalie A. Hutnick, Michael E. Schaffer, Michael Gormley, Tyler Hulett, Carmen Ballesteros-Merino, Christopher Dubay, Michael Afentoulis, Ashok Reddy, Larry David, Kumar Jayant, Swati Agrawal, Rajendra Agrawal, Ghayathri Jeyakumar, Seongho Kim, Heejin Kim, Cynthia Silski, Stacey Suisham, Elisabeth Heath, Ulka Vaishampayan, Natalie Vandeven, Natasja Nielsen Viller, Alison O’Connor, Hui Chen, Bolette Bossen, Eric Sievers, Robert Uger, Lisa Johnson, Hsiang-Fong Kao, Chin-Fu Hsiao, Shu-Chuan Lai, Chun-Wei Wang, Jenq-Yuh Ko, Pei-Jen Lou, Tsai-Jan Lee, Tsang-Wu Liu, Ruey-Long Hong, Staci J. Kearney, Joshua C. Black, Benjamin J. Landis, Sally Koegler, Brooke Hirsch, Roberto Gianani, Jeffrey Kim, Ming-Xiao He, Bingqing Zhang, Nan Su, Yuling Luo, Xiao-Jun Ma, Emily Park, Dae Won Kim, Domenico Copploa, Nishi Kothari, Young doo Chang, Richard Kim, Namyong Kim, Melvin Lye, Ee Wan, Hanna A. Knaus, Sofia Berglund, Hubert Hackl, Judith E. Karp, Ivana Gojo, Leo Luznik, Henoch S. Hong, Sven D. Koch, Birgit Scheel, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt, Karl-Josef Kallen, Volker Wiegand, Linus Backert, Oliver Kohlbacher, Ingmar Hoerr, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, James M. Billingsley, Yoshinobu Koguchi, Valerie Conrad, William Miller, Iliana Gonzalez, Tomasz Poplonski, Tanisha Meeuwsen, Ana Howells-Ferreira, Rogan Rattray, Mary Campbell, Carlo Bifulco, Keith Bahjat, Brendan Curti, E-K Vetsika, G. Kallergi, Despoina Aggouraki, Z. Lyristi, P. Katsarlinos, Filippos Koinis, V. Georgoulias, Athanasios Kotsakis, Nathan T. Martin, Famke Aeffner, Logan Cerkovnik, Luke Pratte, Rebecca Kim, Joseph Krueger, Amaia Martínez-Usatorre, Camilla Jandus, Alena Donda, Laura Carretero-Iglesia, Daniel E. Speiser, Dietmar Zehn, Nathalie Rufer, Pedro Romero, Anshuman Panda, Janice Mehnert, Kim M. Hirshfield, Greg Riedlinger, Sherri Damare, Tracie Saunders, Levi Sokol, Mark Stein, Elizabeth Poplin, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Ann Silk, Nancy Chan, Melissa Frankel, Michael Kane, Jyoti Malhotra, Joseph Aisner, Howard L. Kaufman, Siraj Ali, Jeffrey Ross, Eileen White, Gyan Bhanot, Shridar Ganesan, Anne Monette, Derek Bergeron, Amira Ben Amor, Liliane Meunier, Christine Caron, Antigoni Morou, Daniel Kaufmann, Moishe Liberman, Igor Jurisica, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Kamel Hamzaoui, Rejean Lapointe, Ann Mongan, Yuan-Chieh Ku, Warren Tom, Yongming Sun, Alex Pankov, Tim Looney, Janice Au-Young, Fiona Hyland, Jeff Conroy, Carl Morrison, Sean Glenn, Blake Burgher, He Ji, Mark Gardner, Angela R. Omilian, Wiam Bshara, Omilian Angela, Joseph M. Obeid, Gulsun Erdag, Mark E. Smolkin, Donna H. Deacon, James W. Patterson, Lieping Chen, Timothy N. Bullock, Craig L. Slingluff, John T. Loffredo, Raja Vuyyuru, Sophie Beyer, Vanessa M. Spires, Maxine Fox, Jon M. Ehrmann, Katrina A. Taylor, Alan J. Korman, Robert F. Graziano, David Page, Katherine Sanchez, Maritza Martel, Mariana Petaccia De Macedo, Yong Qin, Alex Reuben, Christine Spencer, Michele Guindani, Adriana Racolta, Brian Kelly, Tobin Jones, Nathan Polaske, Noah Theiss, Mark Robida, Jeffrey Meridew, Iva Habensus, Liping Zhang, Lidija Pestic-Dragovich, Lei Tang, Ryan J. Sullivan, Thomas Olencki, Thomas Hutson, Joanna Roder, Shauna Blackmon, Heinrich Roder, John Stewart, Asim Amin, Marc S. Ernstoff, Joseph I. Clark, Michael B. Atkins, Jeffrey Sosman, David F. McDermott, Harriet Kluger, Ruth Halaban, Mario Snzol, Senait Asmellash, Arni Steingrimsson, Chichung Wang, Kristin Roman, Amanda Clement, Sean Downing, Clifford Hoyt, Nathalie Harder, Guenter Schmidt, Ralf Schoenmeyer, Nicolas Brieu, Mehmet Yigitsoy, Gabriele Madonna, Gerardo Botti, Antonio Grimaldi, Paolo A. Ascierto, Ralf Huss, Maria Athelogou, Harald Hessel, Alexander Buchner, Christian Stief, Gerd Binnig, Thomas Kirchner, Shankar Sellappan, Sheeno Thyparambil, Sarit Schwartz, Fabiola Cecchi, Andrew Nguyen, Charles Vaske, Todd Hembrough, Jan Spacek, Michal Vocka, Eva Zavadova, Helena Skalova, Pavel Dundr, Lubos Petruzelka, Nicole Francis, Rau T. Tilman, Arndt Hartmann, Irena Netikova, Julia Stump, Amanda Tufman, Frank Berger, Michael Neuberger, Rudolf Hatz, Michael Lindner, Rachel E. Sanborn, John Handy, Rudolf M. Huber, Hauke Winter, Simone Reu, Cheng Sun, Weihua Xiao, Zhigang Tian, Kshitij Arora, Niyati Desai, Anupriya Kulkarni, Mihir Rajurkar, Miguel Rivera, Vikram Deshpande, David Ting, Katy Tsai, Adi Nosrati, Simone Goldinger, Omid Hamid, Alain Algazi, Paul Tumeh, Jimmy Hwang, Jacqueline Liu, Lawrence Chen, Reinhard Dummer, Michael Rosenblum, Adil Daud, Tsu-Shuen Tsao, Julia Ashworth-Sharpe, Donald Johnson, Srabani Bhaumik, Christopher Bieniarz, Joseph Couto, Michael Farrell, Mahsa Ghaffari, Antony Hubbard, Jerome Kosmeder, Cleo Lee, Erin Marner, Diana Uribe, Hongjun Zhang, Jian Zhang, Wenjun Zhang, Yifei Zhu, Larry Morrison, Takahiro Tsujikawa, Rohan N. Borkar, Vahid Azimi, Sushil Kumar, Guillaume Thibault, Motomi Mori, Edward El Rassi, Daniel R. Clayburgh, Molly F. Kulesz-Martin, Paul W. Flint, Lisa M. Coussens, Lisa Villabona, Giuseppe V. Masucci, Gary Geiss, Brian Birditt, Qian Mei, Alan Huang, Maribeth A. Eagan, Eduardo Ignacio, Nathan Elliott, Dwayne Dunaway, Jaemyeong Jung, Chris Merritt, Isaac Sprague, Philippa Webster, Yan Liang, Jessica Wenthe, Gunilla Enblad, Hannah Karlsson, Magnus Essand, Barbara Savoldo, Gianpietro Dotti, Martin Höglund, Malcolm K. Brenner, Hans Hagberg, Angelica Loskog, Matthew J. Bernett, Gregory L. Moore, Michael Hedvat, Christine Bonzon, Seung Chu, Rumana Rashid, Kendra N. Avery, Umesh Muchhal, John Desjarlais, Matthew Kraman, Katarzyna Kmiecik, Natalie Allen, Mustapha Faroudi, Carlo Zimarino, Mateusz Wydro, Jacqueline Doody, Sreesha P. Srinivasa, Nagaraja Govindappa, Praveen Reddy, Aparajita Dubey, Sankar Periyasamy, Madhukara Adekandi, Chaitali Dey, Mary Joy, Pieter Fokko van Loo, Henrike Veninga, Setareh Shamsili, Mark Throsby, Harry Dolstra, Lex Bakker, Ajjai Alva, Juergen Gschwendt, Yohann Loriot, Joaquim Bellmunt, Dai Feng, Christian Poehlein, Thomas Powles, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Charles G. Drake, Haiyan Wu, Johann De Bono, Rajat Bannerji, John Byrd, Gareth Gregory, Stephen Opat, Jake Shortt, Andrew J. Yee, Noopur Raje, Seth Thompson, Arun Balakumaran, Shaji Kumar, Brian I. Rini, Toni K. Choueiri, Mariangela Mariani, Laurence Albiges, John B. Haanen, James Larkin, Manuela Schmidinger, Domenico Magazzù, Alessandra di Pietro, Robert J. Motzer, Troels Holz Borch, Per Kongsted, Magnus Pedersen, Özcan Met, Karim Boudadi, Hao Wang, James Vasselli, Jan E. Baughman, Jon Wigginton, Rehab Abdallah, Ashley Ross, Jiwon Park, Steven Grossenbacher, Jesus I. Luna, Sita Withers, William Culp, Mingyi Chen, Arta Monjazeb, Michael S. Kent, Smita Chandran, David Danforth, James Yang, Christopher Klebanoff, Stephanie Goff, Biman Paria, Arvind Sabesan, Abhishek Srivastava, Udai Kammula, Jon Richards, Mark Faries, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, Luis A. Diaz, Dung T. Le, Takayuki Yoshino, Thierry André, Johanna Bendell, Minori Koshiji, Yayan Zhang, S Peter Kang, Bao Lam, Dirk Jäger, Todd M. Bauer, Judy S. Wang, Jean K. Lee, Gulam A. Manji, Ragini Kudchadkar, John S. Kauh, Shande Tang, Naomi Laing, Gerald Falchook, Edward B. Garon, Balazs Halmos, Hui Rina, Natasha Leighl, Sung Sook Lee, William Walsh, Konstanin Dragnev, Bilal Piperdi, Luis Paz-Ares Rodriguez, Nabeegha Shinwari, Ziewn Wei, Mary L Maas, Michael Deeds, Adam Armstrong, Tim Peterson, Sue Steinmetz, Thomas Herzog, Floor J. Backes, Larry Copeland, Maria Del Pilar Estevez Diz, Thomas W. Hare, Warner Huh, Byoung-Gie Kim, Kathleen M. Moore, Ana Oaknin, William Small, Krishnansu S. Tewari, Bradley J. Monk, Ashish M. Kamat, Kijoeng Nam, Maria De Santis, Robert Dreicer, Noah M. Hahn, Rodolfo Perini, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Guru Sonpavde, Ronald de Wit, J. Alfred Witjes, Stephen Keefe, Dean Bajorin, Philippe Armand, John Kuruvilla, Craig Moskowitz, Mehdi Hamadani, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Sabine Chlosta, Nancy Bartlett, Rachel Sabado, Yvonne Saenger, Loging William, Michael Joseph Donovan, Erlinda Sacris, John Mandeli, Andres M. Salazar, John Powderly, Joshua Brody, John Nemunaitis, Leisha Emens, Amita Patnaik, Ian McCaffery, Richard Miller, Ginna Laport, Andrew L. Coveler, David C. Smith, Juneko E. Grilley-Olson, Sanjay Goel, Shyra J. Gardai, Che-Leung Law, Gary Means, Thomas Manley, Kristen A. Marrone, Gary Rosner, Valsamo Anagnostou, Joanne Riemer, Jessica Wakefield, Cynthia Zanhow, Stephen Baylin, Barbara Gitlitz, Julie Brahmer, Sabina Signoretti, Wenting Li, Charles Schloss, Jean-Marie Michot, Wei Ding, Beth Christian, Patricia Marinello, Margaret Shipp, Yana G. Najjar, null Lin, Lisa H. Butterfield, Ahmad A. Tarhini, Diwakar Davar, Hassane Zarour, Elizabeth Rush, Cindy Sander, Siqing Fu, Todd Bauer, Chris Molineaux, Mark K. Bennett, Keith W. Orford, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Sukhmani K. Padda, Sumit A. Shah, A Dimitrios Colevas, Sujata Narayanan, George A. Fisher, Dana Supan, Heather A. Wakelee, Rhonda Aoki, Mark D. Pegram, Victor M. Villalobos, Jie Liu, Chris H. Takimoto, Mark Chao, Jens-Peter Volkmer, Ravindra Majeti, Irving L. Weissman, Branimir I. Sikic, Wendy Yu, Alison Conlin, Janet Ruzich, Stacy Lewis, Anupama Acheson, Kathleen Kemmer, Kelly Perlewitz, Nicole M. Moxon, Staci Mellinger, Heather McArthur, Trine Juhler-Nøttrup, Jayesh Desai, Ben Markman, Shahneen Sandhu, Hui Gan, Michael L. Friedlander, Ben Tran, Tarek Meniawy, Joanne Lundy, Duncan Colyer, Malaka Ameratunga, Christie Norris, Jason Yang, Kang Li, Lai Wang, Lusong Luo, Zhen Qin, Song Mu, Xuemei Tan, James Song, Michael Millward, Matthew H. G. Katz, Todd W. Bauer, Gauri R. Varadhachary, Nicolas Acquavella, Nipun Merchant, Gina Petroni, Osama E. Rahma, Mei Chen, Yang Song, Markus Puhlmann, Arun Khattri, Ryan Brisson, Christopher Harvey, Jatin Shah, Maria Victoria Mateos, Morio Matsumoto, Hilary Blacklock, Albert Oriol Rocafiguera, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Shinsuke Iida, Dina Ben Yehuda, Enrique Ocio, Paula Rodríguez-Otero, Sundar Jagannath, Sagar Lonial, Uma Kher, Jesus San-Miguel, Moacyr Ribeiro de Oliveira, Habte Yimer, Robert Rifkin, Fredrik Schjesvold, Razi Ghori, Anna Spreafico, Victor Lee, Roger K. C. Ngan, Ka Fai To, Myung Ju Ahn, Quan Sing Ng, Jin-Ching Lin, Ramona F. Swaby, Christine Gause, Sanatan Saraf, Anthony T. C. Chan, Elaine Lam, Nizar M. Tannir, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Matt Gross, Andy MacKinnon, Sam Whiting, Martin Voss, Evan Y. Yu, Mark R. Albertini, Erik A. Ranheim, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Cindy Zuleger, Thomas McFarland, Jennifer Collins, Erin Clements, Sharon Weber, Tracey Weigel, Heather Neuman, Greg Hartig, David Mahvi, MaryBeth Henry, Jacek Gan, Richard Yang, Lakeesha Carmichael, KyungMann Kim, Stephen D. Gillies, Paul M. Sondel, Vivek Subbiah, Lori Noffsinger, Kyle Hendricks, Marnix Bosch, Jay M. Lee, Mi-Heon Lee, Jonathan W. Goldman, Felicita E. Baratelli, Dorthe Schaue, Gerald Wang, Frances Rosen, Jane Yanagawa, Tonya C. Walser, Ying Q. Lin, Sharon Adams, Franco M. Marincola, Paul C. Tumeh, Fereidoun Abtin, Robert Suh, Karen Reckamp, William D. Wallace, Gang Zeng, David A. Elashoff, Sherven Sharma, Steven M. Dubinett, Anna C. Pavlick, Brian Gastman, Brent Hanks, Tibor Keler, Tom Davis, Laura A. Vitale, Elad Sharon, Chihiro Morishima, Martin Cheever, Christopher R. Heery, Joseph W. Kim, Elizabeth Lamping, Jennifer Marte, Sheri McMahon, Lisa Cordes, Farhad Fakhrejahani, Ravi Madan, Rachel Salazar, Maggie Zhang, Christoph Helwig, James L Gulley, Roger Li, John Amrhein, Zvi Cohen, Monique Champagne, Ashish Kamat, M. Angela Aznar, Sara Labiano, Angel Diaz-Lagares, Manel Esteller, Juan Sandoval, Susannah D. Barbee, David I. Bellovin, John C. Timmer, Nebiyu Wondyfraw, Susan Johnson, Johanna Park, Amanda Chen, Mikayel Mkrtichyan, Amir S. Razai, Kyle S. Jones, Chelsie Y. Hata, Denise Gonzalez, Quinn Deveraux, Brendan P. Eckelman, Luis Borges, Rukmini Bhardwaj, Raj K. Puri, Akiko Suzuki, Pamela Leland, Bharat H. Joshi, Todd Bartkowiak, Ashvin Jaiswal, Casey Ager, Midan Ai, Pratha Budhani, Renee Chin, David Hong, Michael Curran, William D. Hastings, Maria Pinzon-Ortiz, Masato Murakami, Jason R. Dobson, David Quinn, Joel P. Wagner, Xianhui Rong, Pamela Shaw, Ernesta Dammassa, Wei Guan, Glenn Dranoff, Alexander Cao, Ross B. Fulton, Steven Leonardo, Kathryn Fraser, Takashi O. Kangas, Nadine Ottoson, Nandita Bose, Richard D. Huhn, Jeremy Graff, Jamie Lowe, Keith Gorden, Mark Uhlik, Thomas O’Neill, Jenifer Widger, Andrea Crocker, Li-Zhen He, Jeffrey Weidlick, Karuna Sundarapandiyan, Venky Ramakrishna, James Storey, Lawrence J. Thomas, Joel Goldstein, Henry C. Marsh, Jamison Grailer, Julia Gilden, Pete Stecha, Denise Garvin, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhi-jie Jey Cheng, Marlon J. Hinner, Rachida-Siham Bel Aiba, Corinna Schlosser, Thomas Jaquin, Andrea Allersdorfer, Sven Berger, Alexander Wiedenmann, Gabriele Matschiner, Julia Schüler, Ulrich Moebius, Christine Rothe, Olwill A. Shane, Brendan Horton, Stefani Spranger, Dayson Moreira, Tomasz Adamus, Xingli Zhao, Piotr Swiderski, Sumanta Pal, Marcin Kortylewski, Alyssa Kosmides, Kevin Necochea, Kathleen M. Mahoney, Sachet A. Shukla, Nikolaos Patsoukis, Apoorvi Chaudhri, Hung Pham, Ping Hua, Xia Bu, Baogong Zhu, Nir Hacohen, Catherine J. Wu, Edward Fritsch, Vassiliki A. Boussiotis, Gordon J. Freeman, Amy E. Moran, Fanny Polesso, Lisa Lukaesko, Emelie Rådestad, Lars Egevad, Berit Sundberg, Lars Henningsohn, Victor Levitsky, William Rafelson, John L. Reagan, Loren Fast, Pottayil Sasikumar, Naremaddepalli Sudarshan, Raghuveer Ramachandra, Nagesh Gowda, Dodheri Samiulla, Talapaneni Chandrasekhar, Sreenivas Adurthi, Jiju Mani, Rashmi Nair, Amit Dhudashia, Nagaraj Gowda, Murali Ramachandra, Alexander Sankin, Benjamin Gartrell, Kerwin Cumberbatch, Hongying Huang, Joshua Stern, Mark Schoenberg, Xingxing Zang, Ryan Swanson, Michael Kornacker, Lawrence Evans, Erika Rickel, Martin Wolfson, Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann, Tala Shekarian, François Simard, Rodrigo Nailo, Aurélie Dutour, Anne-Catherine Jallas, Christophe Caux, and Aurélien Marabelle

Subjects
Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Cancer Research, Side effect, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Phases of clinical research, Monoclonal antibody, Phase i study, Clinical trial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Pharmacokinetics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, In patient, Programmed death 1, business, 030304 developmental biology
Published
2016
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28. The p63 protein isoform ΔNp63α inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bladder cancer cells: role of MIR-205

Author

Mai N, Tran, Woonyoung, Choi, Matthew F, Wszolek, Neema, Navai, I-Ling C, Lee, Giovanni, Nitti, Sijin, Wen, Elsa R, Flores, Arlene, Siefker-Radtke, Bogdan, Czerniak, Colin, Dinney, Michelle, Barton, and David J, McConkey

Subjects
Homeodomain Proteins, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Base Sequence, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1, Molecular Bases of Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Repressor Proteins, MicroRNAs, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Cell Line, Tumor, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Protein Isoforms, RNA, Messenger, Urothelium, Protein Binding, Transcription Factors, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2
Abstract

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that plays important roles in tumor metastasis, "stemness," and drug resistance. EMT is typically characterized by the loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and increased expression of EMT-associated transcriptional repressors, including ZEB1 and ZEB2. The miR-200 family and miR-205 prevent EMT through suppression of ZEB1/2. p53 has been implicated in the regulation of miR-200c, but the mechanisms controlling miR-205 expression remain elusive. Here we report that the p53 family member and p63 isoform, ΔNp63α, promotes miR-205 transcription and controls EMT in human bladder cancer cells. ΔNp63α, E-cadherin and miR-205 were coexpressed in a panel of bladder cancer cell lines (n = 28) and a cohort of primary bladder tumors (n = 98). Stable knockdown of ΔNp63α in the "epithelial" bladder cancer cell line UM-UC6 decreased the expression of miR-205 and induced the expression of ZEB1/2, effects that were reversed by expression of exogenous miR-205. Conversely, overexpression of ΔNp63α in the "mesenchymal" bladder cancer cell line UM-UC3 induced miR-205 and suppressed ZEB1/2. ΔNp63α knockdown reduced the expression of the primary and mature forms of miR-205 and the miR-205 "host" gene (miR-205HG) and decreased binding of RNA Pol II to the miR-205HG promoter, inhibiting miR-205HG transcription. Finally, high miR-205 expression was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients. Together, our data demonstrate that ΔNp63α-mediated expression of miR-205 contributes to the regulation of EMT in bladder cancer cells and identify miR-205 as a molecular marker of the lethal subset of human bladder cancers.

Published
2012

32. Is there a therapeutic role for post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?

Author

H. Barton Grossman, Machelle S. Donat, Randall Millikan, Louis L Pisters, Arlene Siefker Radtke, Paul Sweeney, Christopher G Wood, Colin P N Dinney, David A Swanson, and Curtis A Pettaway

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma, Pathology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Metastasis, Survival Rate, Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transitional cell carcinoma, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Lymphatic Metastasis, medicine, Carcinoma, Retroperitoneal space, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Radiology, Retroperitoneal Space, business, Lymph node
Abstract

We identified a subset of patients with bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma) and regional nodal metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes without detectable systemic dissemination. While the majority of these patients respond initially to chemotherapy, most have disease relapse at the same site within a year. We report the results of a phase II study exploring the potential benefit of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in whom disease has shown a significant response to chemotherapy.A total of 11 patients with biopsy proven metastatic transitional cell carcinoma in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and no evidence of visceral metastatic disease in whom disease showed a significant response to chemotherapy underwent complete bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. The end point of study was disease specific survival, calculated from the time of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection to death from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Four patients underwent delayed retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Seven patients underwent concurrent cystectomy, and pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. There was no perioperative mortality. Nine patients had evidence of residual disease in the retroperitoneal nodes. Seven patients have recurrence outside of the original surgical field with a median time to recurrence of 7 months and 6 died at a median time to death of 8 months (range 5 to 14). One patient with retrocrural recurrence attained a complete response to salvage chemotherapy and remained disease-free 57 months after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. For all 11 patients median disease specific and recurrence-free survival rates were 14 and 7 months, respectively. Four-year disease specific and recurrence-free survival rates were 36% and 27%, respectively. We stratified the patients based on the number of involved lymph nodes at retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and noted that viable tumor in no more than 2 lymph nodes correlated with greater disease specific and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively).Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection can be safely performed for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has curative potential, particularly in patients with viable tumor in no more than 2 lymph nodes after chemotherapy.

Published
2003

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