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Background and aim: Feeding and gastrointestinal difficulties are common in children with cerebral palsy and if not appropriately managed can result in under nutrition, poor growth and worsened general health. This study aimed to evaluate gastrointestinal disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Patients and methods This study was a retrospective observational study performed in Pediatric department in Edfo General Hospital enrolled 70 children their age ranged between 2 months and 15 years attending the Hospital with history of cerebral palsy in the period from December 2020 to June 2021. Results: There was significant correlation between types of CP and dysphagia and constipation; as Dysphagia and Constipation was more in Spastic quadriplegia and Spastic triplegia Conclusion: Regarding GIT problems related to CP; the main GIT compliant was Diarrhea, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, drooling, constipation, Dysphagia, reflux and dysentery.

Background: This study attempted to review the medical records of all patients with spinal bone metastases presented to Alexandria Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department (ACOD), Alexandria Main University Hospital during the period from January 2003 to December 2012. Patients and Methods: A total of 350 patients were included in this study. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected as regard demographic data, medical history, Clinical data, Investigations and diagnostic work up, treatment modalities and treatment outcomes. Results: we observed that the origin of the tumor in the majority of cases was breast cancer (31.1%), followed by prostate cancer 17.7% then multiple myeloma 17.1%.The female patients presented with the highest percentage 60.9%.performance status according Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG) score was 0-2 in 58% of patients. The majority of patients were complaining of pain (98.6%). A considerable percentage of cases presented with symptoms of spinal cord compression (30%). Improvement regarding pain after treatment with radiotherapy was reported in (42.6%) of patients. Motor function improvement was (89.7%) at 8 weeks for patients presented with paresis and treated early. Type of primary tumor was the most significant prognostic factor (HR=6.873 and 4.431, P Conclusions: Breast cancer, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma constituted the most common primaries that develop spinal metastases. A higher incidence of spinal metastases in women compared with men. The predominant symptom in patients with spinal metastases was pain. Patients who developed spinal metastases were at risk of spinal cord compression. The goals of treatment were to relieve pain and prevent complications. External beam radiotherapy has been the mainstay for palliating pain resulting from spinal metastases. Early initiation of radiotherapy promote better functional outcome. 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Background: Pain after surgery decreases the quality of life and has also been reported as being the main source of concern for cardiac surgery patients. It was stated that patients with higher anxiety and depression levels after operation have higher requirements of analgesics for postoperative pain. Reduction of pain and anxiety after cardiac surgery is valuable for the healing process and improvement of the overall experience. Objective: To determine if the multimodal regimen of dexamethasone, gabapentin, ibuprofen, ketorolac, and paracetamol was with less complications following open-cardiac surgeries compared to IV morphine. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients were scheduled for sternotomy elective open-heart surgeries. The patients were randomized to one of two groups (ratio 1:1) utilizing sealed envelopes by the study coordinator.30 patients in each group. This prospective, randomized, and a controlled clinical trial was performed at Sohag University Hospital. Results: Patients in the multimodal group suffered fewer major in-hospital complications than in the morphine group. Acute coronary syndrome had occurred in (one versus zero) patients with a percentage of (3.3%) in the morphine group. Cardiac tamponade had occurred in (two versus one) patients with a percentage of (6.7%) in the morphine group and was with a percentage of (3.3%) in the multimodal group with (p-value) of (0.554). The duration of hospital stays was with M± SD of (7±1.72) days among the multimodal group versus (11±1.6) days in the morphine group, with (a p-value) of (

We addressed the various analgesic strategies for postoperative cardiac pain relief in this study. While opioid-based is traditionally the cornerstone of postoperative analgesia, there's growing evidence to support a multimodal approach to attenuate opioid side effects and decrease the degree of pain scores and to attenuate the length of hospital stay, and to promote improved rehabilitation approaches that include multimodal regimens as a significant component. For the treatment of postoperative pain following cardiac surgery, several methods are available, including intravenous administration of analgesic drugs such as opioids and non-opioids, local anesthetics infiltration, nerve blocks, and neuraxial methods. Traditionally, after surgery, analgesia is given by analgesic administration. However, the administration of acute opioids is linked to several side defects including respiratory distress, sedation, and lethargy, vomiting and nausea, constipation, retentiveness, purities, and ileus. Therefore, doctors use multimodal pain control regimens including non-opioid analgesic medications for superior pain management. In their understanding of pain, Patients had a specific experience that allows for the difference in pain control. For the treatment of postoperative cardiac pain, several different agents (opioid vs. non-opioid), routes (oral, intravenous, neuraxial, regional), and modes (patient-controlled vs.as required) are accessible.

Objective: To investigate, for the first time, the anthelmintic resistance of different trichostrongyles infecting sheep in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: 820 sheep reared within 10 freely grazing herds with infrequent deworming practices.Procedures: Fresh fecal samples were collected; their floats were examined for the trichostrongyle eggs, which were then identified employing the fecal cultures and/or ITS2-PCR amplifications. Sheep (n=500) whose samples had egg counts ≥ 150 eggs per gram (EPG) of feces were selected and divided in each herd into 5 equal groups; each group received one of the tested anthelmintics including albendazole (5 mg/kg BW), levamisole (7.5 mg/kg BW), ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW) and doramectin (0.2 mg/kg BW), whereas the fifth group were kept untreated. The EPGs were detected for all groups at the time of treatment and weekly for 10 times post-treatment. Fecal egg counts reduction percentage (FECR%) and egg reappearance periods (ERP) were estimated.Results: The examined herds were mostly infected with Haemonchus contortus; however, few larvae of Trichostrongylus species were detected in fecal cultures of 2 herds. In the untreated groups, the EPGs increased gradually over the time of the experiment; however, no eggs were detected in samples of all treated groups 7 days post treatment resulting in 100% FECR. The macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin and doramectin) displayed longer ERPs than the benzimidazoles (levamisole and albendazole). Conclusion: No anthelmintic resistance was noticed in trichostrongyles-infected sheep population from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, and the use of ivermectin to treat the trichostrongyles-infected sheep is recommended.

Nematodes of genus Trichostrongylus can cause remarkable economic losses in the small ruminant`s industry and some species have a zoonotic potential. Since the most common source for human infection is the infected animals, accurate identification of different Trichostrongylus species in animals would reflect the species that can infect humans from the same area. The objective of the present study is to identify common Trichostrongylus species infecting small ruminants in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt using molecular-based techniques. Fecal samples from 340 sheep and 115 goats from rural areas in 3 cities of Dakahlia governorate and 2 cities at its borders were collected, and the strongyle-type eggs were detected in 33.2% and 14.7% of sheep and goats, respectively. PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2 rDNA) for 3 Trichostrongylus spp.; T. axei, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus was conducted for eggs harvested from 25 sheep and 16 goat samples. Two species were detected; T. axei (in 16 sheep and 14 goats) and T. colubriformis (in 2 sheep but no goats). This is the first report of T. colubriformis in sheep from Dakahlia governorate, where this species was reported earlier from humans. No T. vitrinus was detected in any tested sample of sheep or goats. Purified PCR products of T. axei isolates were successfully sequenced and revealed 3 haplotypes; 2 from sheep and 1 from goats, and the isolates are related genetically to T. axei isolates from camels in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the Genbank-retrieved ITS2-amplified T. axei isolates worldwide suggested the existence of genetic variants. Earlier reports on the identified Trichostrongylus spp. in different animals from Egypt as well as African and Arabian countries are tabulated.

Gastrointestinal nematodes, principally those of family trichostrongylidae are considered one of the most important parasitic diseases allover the world, that causing significant drop of small ruminants productivity. This study was performed from October 2017 to September 2018 in 5 centers geographically located in and around Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Faecal samples were examined using modified wisconsin technique. Examination of 455 faecal samples from sheep and goats revealed an overall incidence of 28.5% (130 out of 455). Sheep is found more affected by trichostrongyles (33.23%) than goats (14.78%). The highest infection rate of trichostrongyle eggs was recorded in El Mahella -Elkubra (92.5% and 27.8% in sheep and goats, respectively) while, the lowest infection rate was detected in Biyala city (10% and 0% in sheep and goats, respectively). Females are found more infected than males and young ages are found more infected than older ones in both examined sheep and goats. Regarding the seasonal fluctuation; the infection rate in sheep reached at its maximum level during Winter (57.1%) while in goats was during Summer (18.7%).

The present study was carried on 939 carcasses of slaughtered animals at Mansoura abattoir (387 cattle, 205 buffaloes and 347 sheep), of various ages, sex and breeds in order to investigate the incidence of grossly visible tissue parasites. Macroscopic Sarcocystis spp. cysts were recorded in 26.82% of examined buffalo carcasses. Hydatid cysts were recovered at overall incidence rate of 2.02%, where buffaloes showed higher infection (2.43%) than cattle (1.80%). Cysticercus bovis cysts were only recovered from heart of two cattle (0.51%), while no infection was detected in buffalo carcasses. Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts were found in cattle (0.25%). In sheep,Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts were recorded at high rate of 21.03% and Cysticercus ovis cysts were detected in 5.47% of examined sheep carcasses. The seasonal dynamics and anatomical distribution of the detected parasites were studied. Moreover, these parasites caused variable range of tissue lesions, from non-significant pathology as in macroscopic sarcocystosis to those caused extensive damage resulting in infiltrative, degenerative changes, necrosis and granuloma formation.

Feces from 184 sheep from Dakahlia governorate, Egypt were tested for Eimeria species oocysts by using the standard floatation technique; oocysts were detected in 126 (68.4%). The prevalence was significantly higher in young sheep than adults. Eleven Eimeria species were identified: Eimeria ahsata, Eimeria bakuensis, Eimeria crandallis, Eimeria faurei, Eimeria granulosa, Eimeria intricata, Eimeria marsica, Eimeria ovinoidalis, Eimeria pallida, Eimeria parva and Eimeria webybridgensis. Oocysts of the most pathogenic ovine species, E. ovinoidalis, were detected in 27 (14.6%) sheep. This is the first report of E. webybridgensis in sheep from Egypt, possibly due to close similarity of their oocysts to those of E. crandallis which stated in the earlier reports. Worldwide reports on epidemiology of Eimeria spp. infections in sheep are tabulated.

Coccidiosis is a common disease of livestock, including water buffaloes. Reports discussing the prevalence and identity of coccidian parasites in water buffaloes from Egypt are few, and nothing is known concerning the most pathogenic species

Trichostrongylid nematodes are a common cause of gastroenteritis in sheep. Despite its worldwide distribution