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Over the past two decades, the promoters of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) have encouraged systems engineers to transition from document-centric approaches to model-based ones. Literacy of systems engineers in reading, sharing and elaborating models has therefore become an issue. Whatever the modeling language, elaboration of models is a highly complex intellectual process and SysML is no exception. Feedback from industry practitioners and MBSE lecturers suggests that developers of SysML models often stumble on the same problem: thinking about the system before modeling it in SysML. The authors of this paper propose to ease that elaboration process by using mind maps. With their graphic form and rather flexible way of organizing ideas, mind maps turn out to be a good candidate to help thinking about the system. Unlike approaches that directly switch from mind maps to SysML diagrams dedicated to one specific system, this paper introduces an intermediate step: mind maps first enable elaboration of diagrams patterns. The latter may in turn be instantiated onto one or several systems. Without loss of generality, the proposed approach is step-wise illustrated on real-time systems monitored by software controllers. Patterns are proposed to cover need expression, requirement capture, use case driven analysis and design.

Drones raise highly complex design problems, in particular when energy autonomy of the drone is at stake. In this paper, drone battery design is addressed in terms of coupling two families of design techniques that have been so far too often addressed separately: MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering) and MDAO (Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization).