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Reseña del libro Quispe-Agnoli, R. y Brian, A. (ed.) (2022). Latin American Literature in Transition Pre 1492-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 385 pp, ISBN: 9781108976893.

Abstract Menopause marks a key milestone in women’s aging, triggering hormonal, histological, and microbiome changes. This review explores how hormonal shifts during menopause alter the microbiome’s composition, affecting oral, intestinal, and urogenital communities, potentially leading to disease. The microbial metabolism of sex hormones highlights the bidirectional relationship between hormones and the microbiome. Understanding this interplay is crucial for developing personalized interventions to restore microbial balance and improve women’s health during menopause.

Résumé : Ancienne colonie espagnole, malgré l’hassani et l’arabe comme dialectes, la langue officielle du Sahara Occidental est l’espagnol. Il faut signaler qu’en 1975, l’Espagne s’est retirée de ladite région sans l’octroyer l’indépendance. Le Maroc profite alors de l’occasion pour envahir le territoire sahraoui. Le control du Sahara Occidental est réclamé tant par le royaume du Maroc comme par la RASD (République Arabe Sahraouie Démocratique). Face à ce conflit territorial, le poète sahraoui Bahia Mahmud Awah revendique l’indépendance de la zone à travers ses poèmes écrits en espagnol. Par l’entremise de ses productions, ce poète écrit dans la langue du colon espagnol afin que les communautés internationales et le monde entier comprennent leur cause et cris de douleur. Ainsi avec ce travail, nous voulons mettre l’accent sur l’espagnol comme langue de résistance pour la libération de la terre du Sahara Occidental. Mots-clés : Bahia Mahmud Awah, Sahara Occidental, langue espagnole, Revendication, Maroc.

The school principal plays a crucial role in leading educational units to achieve their vision and mission, as mandated by Indonesian law. However, challenges persist, particularly in improving learning quality to produce academically accountable graduates. This study examines the leadership of school principals in enhancing learning quality at SDN Cikandang and SDN Citali, Sumedang. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Findings reveal that principals significantly impact learning quality by adopting effective leadership strategies, including: (1) having a clear vision and effectively communicating it; (2) fostering open communication and active listening; (3) making decisive and accountable decisions; (4) demonstrating empathy towards team members; (5) upholding integrity to build trust; (6) adapting to challenges without losing focus; (7) nurturing team potential and motivating optimal performance; (8) resolving conflicts constructively; and (9) maintaining a lifelong learning mindset to enhance team capabilities. The success of a principal’s leadership depends on these qualities, combined with the context in which they lead. Such leadership not only addresses existing challenges but also drives schools toward achieving high-quality education.

In the increasingly rapid digital era, creativity is one of the skills that is very much needed. Students are required to be able to think creatively, innovatively, and be able to express their ideas in various ways. One way to facilitate the development of student creativity is to utilize existing technology, such as graphic design applications that can foster and improve critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills. Conventional learning that tends to be monotonous is often less able to stimulate student creativity. Students need more interesting and interactive learning media to be able to develop their potential optimally. This study aims to determine the extent to which the Implementation of the use of the CANVA application in improving the creativity of grade VI students at SDN Kapuk 03 Pagi. This study uses a qualitative research paradigm with a case study approach. Data collection methods use observation, interview, and documentation methods. The results of the study show that (1) Utilization of the Canva application can improve student creativity in the learning process. (2). With the increase in student creativity, students are more enthusiastic and motivated in the learning process so that active, creative and interesting learning is created.

This study aims to analyze the application of ethical leadership by school principals as uswatun hasanah (a good role model) in building a positive organizational environment for teachers and staff. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation at MTs Nurul Islam Yasni Sukabumi, which serves as the subject of the study. The findings indicate that the school principal plays a strategic role in creating a conducive learning environment by exemplifying integrity, fairness, and empathy. The principal also practices the principles of deliberation and transparency in decision-making, involving the entire school community. Additionally, the principal successfully addresses globalization challenges, such as the influence of digital technology and cultural differences, through digital literacy, strengthening local values, and fostering collaboration with various stakeholders. The implementation of leadership based on uswatun hasanah has had a positive impact on teacher professionalism, student enthusiasm for learning, and harmony within the school community, thereby enhancing the overall quality of education. This study concludes that ethical value-based leadership by school principals is a key factor in addressing the dynamics of globalization in the field of education.

Waste management in the school environment has significant challenges, especially in creating student participation in solving environmental problems. Based on research, waste produced from human activities can be differentiated between organic and inorganic waste. Effective management involves organizational components, management and operational techniques that comply with national standards. The Healthy School Movement (GSS) program has encouraged schools to be more active in waste management, where the concept of GAMES (Garbage Collection Movement) plays an important role in increasing student participation. Through this program, students are not only invited to collect waste, but also contribute to the processing process, such as recycling plastic waste into valuable works of art. Even though there are physical limitations for some students with special needs, they still participate in this activity, a demonstration that inclusive education can create a positive impact not only on individuals but also on the surrounding environment. The results of this research show that activities that involve students physically and psychologically can strengthen their sense of responsibility towards the environment and increase awareness of the importance of good waste management in schools.

Educational units carry out short-term, medium-term, and long-term planning in order to achieve their goals. Planning is not a simple activity. This is because its formulation requires an understanding of the alignment with the vision and mission of the educational unit. Planning that has been prepared does not always run according to previous provisions. This study aims to describe the planning of the Center of Excellence Vocational School program through the Industrial World and the World of Work so that graduates are competent in their fields. The researcher used a qualitative research method. Meanwhile, the data collection method used observation, interview, and documentation study methods. Sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling. In other words, the samples in this study were the principal, teachers, and students. The research activities were carried out in the 2024 academic year. The results of the study showed: (1) SMKN PP Cianjur has prepared eight programs (planning); (2) SMKN PP Cianjuar collaborates with IDUKA; (3) The positive impact of the Center of Excellence Vocational School program is the creation of competent graduates who are accepted in the world of work.

The role of the school principal in increasing teacher motivation, teaching quality, student achievement, and school performance is highly necessary in every educational institution. That is why, the school principal is demanded to have competences to get the objective of the school. Giving the task and opportunity to develop teacher competence by the school principal is not appropriate and still far from the fact. This research aims (1) To explain the principal's role in increasing teacher activities, thus motivating and fostering a work ethic among teachers that impacts the quality of educational institutions in the region; (2) To assign additional tasks, supporting teachers in attending up-to-date training outside of school, and organizing activities related to quality improvement are strategies employed by the school principal. The researchers used qualitative research method. The data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation methods. The respondents in this research chosen by purposive sampling. They are school principal and teachers. The research was conducted at Elementary School Negeri 14 Petang, Rawalele, Kalideres, West Jakarta academic year 2024. The data was processed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The reseach finding indicated that (1) the principal of SDN Kalideres 14 Petang has carried out his role optimally in order to increase teacher motivation and work ethic. In this context, school principals implement various strategies based on the needs and conditions faced by the educational unit; (2) School principals always carry out evaluations in order to ensure that learning activities packaged in the form of additional assignments can increase teacher work motivation and professionalism.

Teacher discipline is a key factor in creating a conducive educational environment and supporting effective learning at schools. Although most teachers have demonstrated good discipline, some still face challenges in time management and fulfilling administrative responsibilities. This study aims to analyze the essenciality of school leadership in increasing teacher discipline. The research method employed is qualitative with an approach of case study, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results of the research indicated that the school principal plays roles as a leader, educator, and motivator, through clear disciplinary policies, time management training, and the creation of a positive work environment. Strategies such as providing constructive feedback, rewards, and regular coaching have proven effective in enhancing and increasing teacher discipline. The study concludes that the role of school leadership is critical in establishing a strong culture of discipline, which ultimately has a positive impact on the quality of learning and the achievement of educational objectives in schools.

Resumen: Durante la recesión económica de 1973, los catalanes y los vascos quedan afectados por la precariedad. Ante esta situación, las iniciativas de índole caritativa se multiplican. Sin embargo, la crisis se agudiza y surgen entidades de la sociedad civil cuyas acciones desembocan en la creación de las empresas de inserción. En ambas regiones, se traba de organizaciones de carácter social encaminadas a luchar contra la pobreza y la exclusión social. Este estudio es el resultado de una investigación de campo. Pretende comparar las empresas de inserción de Cataluña con las del País Vasco. El presente estudio nos permite enriquecer nuestros conocimientos en el ámbito de la economía social y solidaria y descubrir las similitudes y divergencias que existen entre las empresas de inserción implementadas en ambas Comunidades Autónomas. En términos de analogías, las empresas de inserción de Cataluña y las del País Vasco surgen en un contexto de crisis económica. Tienen la misma hoja de ruta que abarca la contratación y formación de colectivos en situación de vulnerabilidad. Su finalidad es idéntica y queda orientada a la inserción de las personas contratadas en el mercado laboral ordinario. Tocante a las divergencias, remiten al marco jurídico que rige estas entidades y a los protagonistas que llevan a cabo el acompañamiento de las personas recién contratadas en las mismas. En este sentido, mientras que las empresas de inserción de Cataluña quedan regidas por una ley, las del País Vasco son reguladas por un Decreto. En el País Vasco, estas entidades colaboran con una estructura de empleo en aras de la integración de las personas contratadas. En Cataluña, las empresas de inserción no colaboran con ninguna otra entidad en el cumplimiento de sus tareas. Palabras clave: vulnerabilidad, empresas de inserción, Cataluña, País Vasco, comparación.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the constitutionality of Law 19/2022, based on the theory of the rights of nature, specifically its compatibility with the constitutional framework used by the Spanish State (Art. 149.1.23 of the Spanish Constitution) as a regulatory basis in the new field of the rights of nature and its impact on the regulatory possibilities of the autonomous communities. This article also studies the Law from the perspective of legal certainty (Art. 9.3 of the Spanish Constitution).

Résumé : Selon le philosophe français Blaise Pascal : « Vérité en deçà des Pyrénées, erreur au-delà. ». Cette pensée de Pascal se vérifie à presque tous les niveaux de la vie et peut être aisément comprise. Toutefois, en tenir compte au quotidien dans nos rapports à autrui s’avère souvent plus compliqué. Or, une vie sans contact avec autrui semble inconcevable, surtout dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation. Ce phénomène qui visiblement s’accroît avec des frontières de plus en plus poreuses ne passe pas inaperçu. La littérature germanophone contemporaine d’enfance et de jeunesse semble en tout cas bien le voir car représentant assez souvent l’Africain. Cet article met d’une part en exergue l’image actuelle de l’Homme noir dans cette littérature, en l’occurrence dans Nelson & Mandela de Hermann Schulz. D’autre part, il s’attèle à identifier les raisons éventuelles d’une telle image, c’est-à-dire les objectifs que veulent atteindre des auteurs comme H. Schulz qui dépeignent l’Africain et/ou une réalité africaine sous des “cieux” occidentaux. Mots-clés : Littérature germanophone d’enfance et de jeunesse, Africain, mondialisation, autrui, Poétique du Global, représentation.

In the alluvial plains of large rivers, annual flooding is essential for numerous ecosystem services, including flood-based agriculture, biodiversity and groundwater recharge. Remote sensing provides increased opportunities to monitor surface water dynamics across large floodplains that are currently poorly captured by local hydrological monitoring and modelling due to data scarcity and the flat, heterogeneous topography. Combining the advances in earth observations with hydrological modelling and extensive in situ fieldwork, this research seeks to improve our understanding of surface water dynamics and associated agricultural practices in the Senegal river floodplain. 2813 mosaics from Landsat, MODIS and Sentinel-2 earth observations are created to map and monitor surface water variations using a site specific MNDWI classification adapted to complex, wetland environments. Validated against ground truth data, the approach is upscaled using cloud computing across this 2250 km2 floodplain over 1999–2022. Statistical regression models are then developed to estimate flooded and cultivated areas based on upstream flow values since 1950 and analyse trends and exceedance probabilities over time. Results reveal extreme interannual variations in peak flooded areas, ranging from 30,000 ha and 720,000 ha between 1950 and 2022, while annual water modules fluctuate between 210 and 1460 m3/s. After 1994, flooded areas show partial recovery, with 95th percentile reaching 89,000 ha during 1994–2022 compared to 37,000 ha in 1972–1993. Flood-based agricultural practices cover between 13,000 ha and 133,000 ha over the same period, highlighting the pronounced variability faced by local rural communities. Occurrence maps and predictive models for annual flooded and cultivated areas based on upstream flows can support early warning tools, helping to prepare for extreme floods and droughts. These outputs are crucial to assess the impact of future climatic and anthropic changes in the region, including planned dams, on the amplitude of annual floods and their associated environmental benefits.

Described herein are studies toward the core modification of cyclic aliphatic amines using either a riboflavin/photo-irradiation approach or Cu(I) and Ag(I) to mediate the process. Structural remodeling of cyclic amines is explored through oxidative C-N and C-C bond cleavage using peroxydisulfate (persulfate) as an oxidant. Ring-opening reactions to access linear aldehydes or carboxylic acids with flavin-derived photocatalysis or Cu salts, respectively, are demonstrated. A complementary ring-opening process mediated by Ag(I) facilitates decarboxylative Csp3-Csp2 coupling in Minisci-type reactions through a key alkyl radical intermediate. Heterocycle interconversion is demonstrated through the transformation of N-acyl cyclic amines to oxazines using Cu(II) oxidation of the alkyl radical. These transformations are investigated by computation to inform the proposed mechanistic pathways. Computational studies indicate that persulfate mediates oxidation of cyclic amines with concomitant reduction of riboflavin. Persulfate is subsequently reduced by formal hydride transfer from the reduced riboflavin catalyst. Oxidation of the cyclic aliphatic amines with a Cu(I) salt is proposed to be initiated by homolysis of the peroxy bond of persulfate followed by α-HAT from the cyclic amine and radical recombination to form an α-sulfate adduct, which is hydrolyzed to the hemiaminal. Investigation of the pathway to form oxazines indicates a kinetic preference for cyclization over more typical elimination pathways to form olefins through Cu(II) oxidation of alkyl radicals.

Affective domain assessment is one of the activities carried out by lecturers in order to measure and determine the achievement of learning objectives. The affective domain is related to the attitudes and behavior of students as educated people in interacting with lecturers, other students and their environment. Disharmony between lecturers and students in the lecture process is the problem that is the object of this research. This is concrete evidence of the application of the affective domain. The aim of this research is to find out and describe the extent of the positive contribution of the affective domain in online learning for undergraduate students in the digital era. This research includes qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and questionnaires. The number of samples in this research was 35. These samples were students from the Faculty of Economics in the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The results of the research showed that students from the Faculty of Economics Undergraduate Program preferred offline learning or face-to-face learning in class compared to online learning. Students experience a decrease in their caring values ​​for their lecturers because they do not receive direct touch or interaction through in-class (offline) learning.

Improving the quality of education can be done using various methods and approaches. Education units experience shortcomings and weaknesses in implementing quality improvement methods based on the results of analysis and facts that occur in the field. Therefore, appropriate strategic planning is needed by educational units. In other words, strategic planning in primary and secondary education units needs to be improved to realize better quality education. The aim of this research is to discover and describe the importance of strategic planning to improve the quality of school education using SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Research object at SDN Duri Kosambi 01. Data collection methods through interviews, observation and document analysis. The research results show that (1) SWOT analysis of the internal environment has more advantages (Strengths) than disadvantages (Weaknesses); (2) Opportunities are greater than risks in the SWOT analysis of the external environment; (3) Using SWOT analysis in strategic planning can improve the quality of education.

The managerial competence of school principals plays an important role in improving the quality of school administration services in the digital era. This is one of the keys to creating information technology (IT)-based school administration services. In other words, utilizing technology is mandatory in order to create a more efficient, transparent and integrated system. This research aims to exploit the managerial competence of school principals as leaders in educational units in preparing information technology-based educational strategic planning and implementing it in the school administration process. Researchers use a case study approach. This approach is one of the qualitative research paradigms. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and documentation methods. The research results show that (1) the managerial competence of school principals is an inseparable part of administrative governance which is supported by information technology so that schools can improve the quality of their education; (2) The existence of information technology-based school administration management has a positive impact on effective and transparent school management; (3) The school principal as a policy and decision maker in the management of school administration feels light and trusted because the results are based on data or based on information technology implemented in his school.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems with storage installed in Burkina Faso using the life cycle assessment (LCA). SimaPro 9.4 software, Ecoinvent 3.7 database, and the ReCiPe 2018 (H) median method were used to assess the environmental impacts. The functional unit considered is “1 kWh of electricity produced in Burkina Faso by a stand-alone PV system”. Four scenarios combining two variables, battery technology (lead-acid and lithium-ion) and end-of-life management (landfill and recycling), were studied to assess 08 environmental indicators. The results show that production and end-of-life management of batteries and PV modules are the main contributors to the environmental impact, with batteries' impact ranging from 73 to 98 % for lead-acid and 50–68 % for lithium-ion batteries. Compared to landfilling, recycling significantly reduces environmental impacts, achieving reductions of 17–77 % for lead-acid batteries (LABs) and 3–99 % for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The comparison between scenarios indicates that the LABs PV system with landfilling generates significantly higher scores across all impact categories than LIBs PV scenarios. Specifically, it shows scores over 10 times higher for human carcinogenic toxicity, 5 times higher for human non-carcinogenic toxicity, and 2 times higher for freshwater ecotoxicity. Despite extending battery lifespan, the sensitivity analysis revealed that landfill PV systems remain the most polluting, while in recycled scenarios, this extension brings them closer to the environmental performance of LIBs PV systems. The use of LIBs in photovoltaic systems is more environmentally friendly than that of LABs, regardless of the end-of-life scenario.