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Galaxy clusters and groups are the last link in the chain of hierarchical structure formation. Their environments can be significantly affected by outbursts from AGN, especially in groups where the medium density is lower and the gravitational potential shallower. The interaction between AGN and group weather can therefore greatly impact their evolution. We investigate the non-thermal radio emission in Abell 1213, a galaxy group which is part of a larger sample of ~50 systems (X-GAP) recently granted XMM-Newton observations. We exploit proprietary LOFAR 54 MHz and uGMRT 380 MHz observations, complementing them with 144 MHz LOFAR survey and XMM-Newton archival data. A1213 hosts a bright AGN associated with one of the central members, 4C 29.41, which was previously optically identified as a dumb-bell galaxy. Observations at 144 MHz at a resolution of 0.3'' allow us to resolve the central radio galaxy. From this source, a ~500 kpc-long tail extends North-East. Our analysis suggests that the tail likely originated from a past outburst of 4C 29.41, and its current state might be the result of the interaction with the surrounding environment. The plateau of the spectral index distribution in the Easternmost part of the tail suggests mild particle re-acceleration, that could have re-energised seed electrons from the past activity of the AGN. While we observe a spatial and physical correlation of the extended, central emission with the thermal plasma, which might hint at a mini-halo, current evidence cannot conclusively prove this. A1213 is only the first group, among the X-GAP sample, that we are able to investigate through low-frequency radio observations. Its complex environment once again demonstrates the significant impact that the interplay between thermal and non-thermal processes can have on galaxy groups., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures

We consider a one-dimensional system comprising of $N$ run-and-tumble particles confined in a harmonic trap interacting via a repulsive inverse-square power-law interaction. This is the ``active" version of the Calogero-Moser system where the particles are associated with telegraphic noise with two possible states $\pm v_0$. We numerically compute the global density profile in the steady state which shows interesting crossovers between three different regimes: as the activity increases, we observe a change from a density with sharp peaks characteristic of a crystal region to a smooth bell-shaped density profile, passing through the intermediate stage of a smooth Wigner semi-circle characteristic of a liquid phase. We also investigate analytically the crossover between the crystal and the liquid regions by computing the covariance of the positions of these particles in the steady state in the weak noise limit. It is achieved by using the method introduced in Touzo {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 109}, 014136 (2024)] to study the active Dyson Brownian motion. Our analytical results are corroborated by thorough numerical simulations.

Multiband observations of compact object sources offer a unique opportunity to explore their progenitors and enhance early multi-messenger alert. Recent analyses have indicated that metallicity significantly impacts the evolution of progenitors and the resulting compact objects. Using binary population synthesis, we investigate the formation of eccentric, inspiralling black hole binaries and black hole-neutron star binaries through the isolated binary evolution channel. We introduced a fiducial mass and metallicity relation for each ZAMS star. We model the stellar cluster of ZAMS stars by extending COSMIC's publicly available code. Our BPS code effectively accounts for the metallicity of each stellar object in the stellar cluster. In our analysis, we observed a significant increase in the number of inspiral binaries remaining in the stellar cluster. Instead of assuming a uniform metallicity for a stellar cluster, ZAMS stars within the cluster, characterized by diverse metallicity, evolve into more massive compact objects. The total mass of a single binary black hole inspiral varies from $\sim 9-86$ M$_\odot$; whereas for a black hole-neutron star system, this range becomes $\sim 6-32$ M$_\odot$. We compare the detectability of the characteristic strain against sub-Hz gravitational wave detectors.

The ability to generate bipartite entanglement in quantum computing technologies is widely regarded as pivotal. However, the role of genuinely multipartite entanglement is much less understood than bipartite entanglement, particularly in the context of solving complicated optimization problems using quantum devices. It is thus crucial from both the algorithmic and hardware standpoints to understand whether multipartite entanglement contributes to achieving a good solution. Here, we tackle this challenge by analyzing genuine multipartite entanglement -- quantified by the generalized geometric measure -- generated in Trotterized quantum annealing and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm. Using numerical benchmarks, we analyze its occurrence in the annealing schedule in detail. We observe a multipartite-entanglement barrier, and we explore how it correlates to the algorithm's success. We also prove how multipartite entanglement provides an upper bound to the overlap of the instantaneous state with an exact solution. Vice versa, the overlaps to the initial and final product states, which can be easily measured experimentally, offer upper bounds for the multipartite entanglement during the entire schedule. Our results help to shed light on how complex quantum correlations come to bear as a resource in quantum optimization., Comment: 8+5 pages, 7+7 figures

Over the years, various scenarios -- such as the stability-limit conjecture (SLC), two critical point (TCP), critical point-free (CPF), and singularity-free (SF) -- have been proposed to explain the thermodynamic origin of supercooled waters anomalies. However, direct experimental validation is challenging due to the rapid phase transition from metastable water. In this study, we explored whether the phase transition pathways from metastable water provide insight into the thermodynamic origin of these anomalies. Using a classical density functional theory approach with realistic theoretical water models, we examined how different thermodynamic scenarios influence vapor nucleation kinetics at negative pressures. Our findings show significant variations in nucleation kinetics and mechanism during both isobaric and isochoric cooling. In the TCP scenario, the nucleation barrier increases steadily during isobaric cooling, with a slight decrease near the Widom line at lower temperatures (Ts). In contrast, the SF scenario shows a monotonic increase in the nucleation barrier. For the CPF scenario, we observed a non-classical mechanism, such as wetting-mediated nucleation (where the growing vapor nucleus is wetted by the intermediate low-density liquid phase) and the Ostwald step rule at low temperatures. Isochoric cooling pathways also revealed notable differences in T-dependent nucleation barrier trends between the TCP and CPF scenarios. Overall, this study underscores the importance of analyzing phase transition kinetics and mechanism to understand the precise thermodynamic origin of supercooled waters anomalies.

We identify and interpret the possible quantum thermal machine regimes with a transverse-field Ising model as the working substance. In general, understanding the emergence of such regimes in a many-body quantum system is challenging due to the dependence on the many energy levels in the system. By considering infinitesimal work strokes, we can understand the operation from equilibrium properties of the system. We find that infinitesimal work strokes enable both heat engine and accelerator operation, with the output and boundaries of operation described by macroscopic properties of the system, in particular the net transverse magnetization. At low temperatures, the regimes of operation and performance can be understood from quasiparticles in the system, while at high temperatures an expansion of the free energy in powers of inverse temperature describes the operation. The understanding generalises to larger work strokes when the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs is large. For hot and cold reservoirs close in temperature, a sufficiently large work stroke can enable refrigerator and heater regimes. Our results and method of analysis will prove useful in understanding the possible regimes of operation of quantum many-body thermal machines more generally., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

As large language models become increasingly central to solving complex tasks, the challenge of optimizing long, unstructured prompts has become critical. Existing optimization techniques often struggle to effectively handle such prompts, leading to suboptimal performance. We introduce SCULPT (Systematic Tuning of Long Prompts), a novel framework that systematically refines long prompts by structuring them hierarchically and applying an iterative actor-critic mechanism. To enhance robustness and generalizability, SCULPT utilizes two complementary feedback mechanisms: Preliminary Assessment, which assesses the prompt's structure before execution, and Error Assessment, which diagnoses and addresses errors post-execution. By aggregating feedback from these mechanisms, SCULPT avoids overfitting and ensures consistent improvements in performance. Our experimental results demonstrate significant accuracy gains and enhanced robustness, particularly in handling erroneous and misaligned prompts. SCULPT consistently outperforms existing approaches, establishing itself as a scalable solution for optimizing long prompts across diverse and real-world tasks.

Let $G=(V, E)$ be a graph where $V$ and $E$ are the vertex and edge sets, respectively. For two disjoint subsets $A$ and $B$ of $V$, we say $A$ \textit{dominates} $B$ if every vertex of $B$ is adjacent to at least one vertex of $A$ in $G$. A vertex partition $\pi = \{V_1, V_2, \ldots, V_k\}$ of $G$ is called an \emph{upper domatic partition} of size $k$ if either $V_i$ dominates $V_j$ or $V_j$ dominates $V_i$ or both for all $i, j$, where $1\leq i

We present the first multi-frequency analysis of the candidate ultra-steep spectrum radio halo in the galaxy cluster PLCKESZ G171.94$-$40.65, using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope (uGMRT; 400 MHz), and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA; 1-2 GHz) observations. Our radio data have been complemented with archival \textit{Chandra} X-ray observations to provide a crucial insight into the complex intracluster medium (ICM) physics, happening at large scales. We detect the radio halo emission to the extent of $\sim$ 1.5 Mpc at 400 MHz, significantly larger than previously reported, along with five tailed galaxies in the central region. We also report the discovery of an unknown diffuse source 'U', at the cluster periphery, with an extent of 300 kpc. Using the available observations, we have found that the radio spectrum of the halo is well-fitted with a single power law, having a spectral index of $-1.36 \pm 0.05$, indicating that it is not an ultra-steep spectrum radio halo. Our low-resolution (25$''$) resolved spectral map shows an overall uniform spectral index, with some patches of fluctuations. The X-ray and radio surface brightness are morphologically co-spatial, with a slight extension along the northwest-southeast direction, seen in both maps. The radio and X-ray surface brightness indicates strong positive correlations, with sub-linear correlation slopes ($\sim$ 0.71). Multiple tailed galaxies and the radio halo indicate a high dynamical activity at the cluster central region., Comment: 16 pages, 12 Figures, 6 Tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Although impurities are unavoidable in real-world and experimental systems, most numerical studies on nucleation focus on pure (impurity-free) systems. As a result, the role of impurities in phase transitions remains poorly understood, especially for systems with complex free energy landscapes featuring one or more metastable intermediate phases. In this study, we employed Monte-Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of static impurities (quenched disorder) of varying length scales and surface morphologies on the nucleation mechanism and kinetics in the Gaussian Core Model (GCM) system, a model for soft colloidal systems. We first explored how the nucleation free energy barrier and critical cluster size are influenced by the fraction of pinned particles ($f_{\rm p}$) and the pinned cluster size ($n_{\rm p}$). Both the nucleation free energy barrier and critical cluster size increase sharply with increasing $f_{\rm p}$ but decrease as $n_{\rm p}$ grows, eventually approaching the homogeneous nucleation limit. On examining the impact of surface morphology on nucleation kinetics, we observed that the nucleation barrier significantly decreases with increasing the spherical pinned cluster (referred to as "seed") size of face-centred cubic (FCC), body-centred cubic (BCC), and simple cubic (SC) structures, with BCC showing the greatest facilitation. Interestingly, seeds with random surface roughness had little effect on nucleation kinetics. Additionally, the polymorphic identity of particles in the final crystalline phase is influenced by both seed surface morphology and system size. This study further provides crucial insights into the intricate relationship between substrate-induced local structural fluctuations and the selection of the polymorphic identity in the final crystalline phase, which is essential for understanding and controlling crystallization processes in experiments.

Let $G=(V, E)$ be a graph where $V$ and $E$ are the vertex and edge sets, respectively. For two disjoint subsets $A$ and $B$ of $V$, we say $A$ \textit{dominates} $B$ if every vertex of $B$ is adjacent to at least one vertex of $A$ in $G$. A vertex partition $\pi = \{V_1, V_2, \ldots, V_k\}$ of $G$ is called a \emph{transitive partition} of size $k$ if $V_i$ dominates $V_j$ for all $1\leq i

Systems switching between different dynamical phases is an ubiquitous phenomenon. The general understanding of such a process is limited. To this end, we present a general expression that captures fluctuations of a system exhibiting a switching mechanism. Specifically, we obtain an exact expression of the Laplace-transformed characteristic function of the particle's position. Then, the characteristic function is used to compute the effective diffusion coefficient of a system performing intermittent dynamics. Further, we employ two examples: 1) Generalized run-and-tumble active particle, and 2) an active particle switching its dynamics between generalized active run-and-tumble motion and passive Brownian motion. In each case, explicit computations of the spatial cumulants are presented. Our findings reveal that the particle's position probability density function exhibit rich behaviours due to intermittent activity. Numerical simulations confirm our findings.

In quantum networks multipath entanglement purification (MEP) between a pair of source-destination nodes can substantially strengthen their entanglement connection. An efficient MEP strategy can therefore increase the size of the network region where bipartite entanglement based quantum information processing tasks can be implemented. Here, we analyse MEP in a general model of a quantum network and obtain design criteria for efficient MEP strategies. Further, by simulating two different MEP strategies, based on these criteria, on different underlying network topologies we explore how the topology determines the effectiveness of a fixed MEP strategy. Finally, we show that a careful choice of MEP strategy can make the entanglement connection strength between source-destination network nodes effectively independent of its topology. Our results can therefore provide a useful guide for the design of quantum networks and entanglement distribution protocols.

We investigate the potential performance improvements of double-hybrid density functionals by replacing the standard opposite-spin-scaled MP2 (SOS-MP2) with the modified opposite-spin-scaled MP2 (MOS-MP2) in the nonlocal correlation component. Using the large and diverse GMTKN55 dataset, we find that MOS-double hybrids provide significantly better accuracy compared to SOS-MP2-based double hybrids when empirical dispersion correction is not employed. The non-covalent interaction subsets account for the majority of this improvement. Adding the DFT-D4 dispersion correction to MOS-type double hybrids does not provide any superior performance over conventional dispersion-corrected SOS-MP2-based double hybrids. Nevertheless, for nine tested transition metal sets, dispersion-corrected spin-component-scaled (SCS) double hybrids are still significantly better than any MOS-double hybrid functional.

Simulation of vehicle motion in planetary environments is challenging. This is due to the modeling of complex terrain, optical conditions, and terrain-aware vehicle dynamics. One of the critical issues of typical simulators is that they assume terrain is a rigid body, which limits their ability to render wheel traces and compute the wheel-terrain interactions. This prevents, for example, the use of wheel traces as landmarks for localization, as well as the accurate simulation of motion. In the context of lunar regolith, the surface is not rigid but granular. As such, there are differences in the rover's motion, such as sinkage and slippage, and a clear wheel trace left behind the rover, compared to that on a rigid terrain. This study presents a novel approach to integrating a terramechanics-aware terrain deformation engine to simulate a realistic wheel trace in a digital lunar environment. By leveraging Discrete Element Method simulation results alongside experimental single-wheel test data, we construct a regression model to derive deformation height as a function of contact normal force. The region of interest in a height map is retrieved from the wheel poses. The elevation values of corresponding pixels are subsequently modified using contact normal forces and the regression model. Finally, we apply the determined elevation change to each mesh vertex to render wheel traces during runtime. The deformation engine is integrated into our ongoing development of a lunar simulator based on NVIDIA's Omniverse IsaacSim. We hypothesize that our work will be crucial to testing perception and downstream navigation systems under conditions similar to outdoor or terrestrial fields. A demonstration video is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpzD0h-5hv4, Comment: 7pages, 7 figures, to be published in proceedings of the 21st International and 12th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS (ISTVS)

Extreme Classification (XC) aims to map a query to the most relevant documents from a very large document set. XC algorithms used in real-world applications learn this mapping from datasets curated from implicit feedback, such as user clicks. However, these datasets inevitably suffer from missing labels. In this work, we observe that systematic missing labels lead to missing knowledge, which is critical for accurately modelling relevance between queries and documents. We formally show that this absence of knowledge cannot be recovered using existing methods such as propensity weighting and data imputation strategies that solely rely on the training dataset. While LLMs provide an attractive solution to augment the missing knowledge, leveraging them in applications with low latency requirements and large document sets is challenging. To incorporate missing knowledge at scale, we propose SKIM (Scalable Knowledge Infusion for Missing Labels), an algorithm that leverages a combination of small LM and abundant unstructured meta-data to effectively mitigate the missing label problem. We show the efficacy of our method on large-scale public datasets through exhaustive unbiased evaluation ranging from human annotations to simulations inspired from industrial settings. SKIM outperforms existing methods on Recall@100 by more than 10 absolute points. Additionally, SKIM scales to proprietary query-ad retrieval datasets containing 10 million documents, outperforming contemporary methods by 12% in offline evaluation and increased ad click-yield by 1.23% in an online A/B test conducted on a popular search engine. We release our code, prompts, trained XC models and finetuned SLMs at: https://github.com/bicycleman15/skim, Comment: Preprint, 23 pages

Nucleic acids such as mRNA have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality with the capability of addressing a wide range of diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a delivery platform for nucleic acids were used in the COVID-19 vaccines and have received much attention. While modern manufacturing processes which involve rapidly mixing an organic stream containing the lipids with an aqueous stream containing the nucleic acids are conceptually straightforward, detailed understanding of LNP formation and structure is still limited and scale-up can be challenging. Mathematical and computational methods are a promising avenue for deepening scientific understanding of the LNP formation process and facilitating improved process development and control. This article describes strategies for the mechanistic modeling of LNP formation, starting with strategies to estimate and predict important physicochemical properties of the various species such as diffusivities and solubilities. Subsequently, a framework is outlined for constructing mechanistic models of reactor- and particle-scale processes. Insights gained from the various models are mapped back to product quality attributes and process insights. Lastly, the use of the models to guide development of advanced process control and optimization strategies is discussed., Comment: 67 pages, 10 figures

We investigate the ground state phases of an extended Bose-Hubbard ladder of unit filling via the density-matrix-renormalization-group method and, in particular, the effect of rung-hoppings. In contrast to a single-chain, a commensurate supersolid emerges, and based on the Luttinger parameter, we classify them into two types. The latter leads to a reentrant gapless behavior as the onsite interaction is increased while keeping all other parameters intact. A reentrant gapped transition is also found as a function of nearest-neighbor interactions. Further, we show that the string order characterizing the Haldane phase vanishes for a finite inter-chain hopping amplitude, however small it is. Finally, we propose two experimental platforms to observe our findings, using either dipolar atoms or polar molecules and Rydberg admixed atoms., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures

We explore the relaxation dynamics of a tracer in a harmonic trap coupled to a non-equilibrium bath particle in stationary state, finding qualitative differences compared to the well known equilibrium case. These can be attributed to an additional position and time dependent force acting on the tracer, emerging when averaging the bath degree in the non-equilibrium stationary state conditioned to a certain tracer position. Specifically, we provide analytical results for an overdamped tracer coupled linearly to a bath particle in different nonequilibrium scenarios, namely, subjected to a different temperature than the tracer, or to active noise with Gaussian or non-Gaussian fluctuations. For the case of different temperatures, the conditioned tracer-bath force can be as large in magnitude as the force from the trapping potential. For an active bath particle with memory, even the bath noise takes a finite average under conditioning of the tracer. Further, if the noise of the bath particle is non-Gaussian, the relaxation function of the tracer can be non-monotonic as a function of time. We also compute the \emph{pinned relaxation}, proposing that measurement and comparison of conditioned and pinned relaxation allows determination of the non-equilibrium forces in experiments.

We explore a discrete-time, coined quantum walk on a quantum network where the coherent superposition of walker-moves originates from the unitary interaction of the walker-coin with the qubit degrees of freedom in the quantum network. The walk dynamics leads to a growth of entanglement between the walker and the network on one hand, and on the other, between the network-qubits among themselves. The initial entanglement among the network qubits plays a crucial role in determining the asymptotic values of these entanglement measures and the quantum walk statistics. Specifically, the entanglement entropy of the walker-network state and the negativity of the quantum network-qubit state saturate to values increasing with the initial network-entanglement. The asymptotic time-averaged walker-position probability distribution shows increasing localization around the initial walker-position with higher initial network entanglement. A potential application of these results as a characterisation tool for quantum network properties is suggested., Comment: Comments welcome

This paper presents a novel 3D myopic coverage path planning algorithm for lunar micro-rovers that can explore unknown environments with limited sensing and computational capabilities. The algorithm expands upon traditional non-graph path planning methods to accommodate the complexities of lunar terrain, utilizing global data with local topographic features into motion cost calculations. The algorithm also integrates localization and mapping to update the rover's pose and map the environment. The resulting environment map's accuracy is evaluated and tested in a 3D simulator. Outdoor field tests were conducted to validate the algorithm's efficacy in sim-to-real scenarios. The results showed that the algorithm could achieve high coverage with low energy consumption and computational cost, while incrementally exploring the terrain and avoiding obstacles. This study contributes to the advancement of path planning methodologies for space exploration, paving the way for efficient, scalable and autonomous exploration of lunar environments by small rovers., Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures. Manuscript accepted at the IEEE International Conference on Space Robotics 2024

Characterizing the properties of an extended system driven by active reservoirs is a question of increasing importance. Here we address this question in two steps. We start by investigating the dynamics of a probe particle connected to an `active Rubin bath' -- a linear chain of overdamped run-and-tumble particles. We derive exact analytical expressions for the effective noise and dissipation kernels, acting on the probe, and show that the active nature of the bath leads to a modified fluctuation-dissipation relation. In the next step, we study the properties of an activity-driven system, modeled by a chain of harmonic oscillators connected to two such active reservoirs at the two ends. We show that the system reaches a nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS), remarkably different from that generated due to a thermal gradient. We characterize this NESS by computing the kinetic temperature profile, spatial and temporal velocity correlations of the oscillators, and the average energy current flowing through the system. It turns out that, the activity drive leads to the emergence of two characteristic length scales, proportional to the activities of the reservoirs. Strong signatures of activity are also manifest in the anomalous short-time decay of the velocity autocorrelations. Finally, we find that the energy current shows a non-monotonic dependence on the activity drive and reversal in direction, corroborating previous findings.

Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare adrenal and extra-adrenal tumors which have the potential to metastasize. For the management of patients with PPGLs, CT is the preferred modality of choice for precise localization and estimation of their progression. However, due to the myriad variations in size, morphology, and appearance of the tumors in different anatomical regions, radiologists are posed with the challenge of accurate detection of PPGLs. Since clinicians also need to routinely measure their size and track their changes over time across patient visits, manual demarcation of PPGLs is quite a time-consuming and cumbersome process. To ameliorate the manual effort spent for this task, we propose an automated method to detect PPGLs in CT studies via a proxy segmentation task. As only weak annotations for PPGLs in the form of prospectively marked 2D bounding boxes on an axial slice were available, we extended these 2D boxes into weak 3D annotations and trained a 3D full-resolution nnUNet model to directly segment PPGLs. We evaluated our approach on a dataset consisting of chest-abdomen-pelvis CTs of 255 patients with confirmed PPGLs. We obtained a precision of 70% and sensitivity of 64.1% with our proposed approach when tested on 53 CT studies. Our findings highlight the promising nature of detecting PPGLs via segmentation, and furthers the state-of-the-art in this exciting yet challenging area of rare cancer management., Comment: Accepted at SPIE 2024. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2402.00175

The onset and growth of rigid clusters in a two-dimensional (2D) suspension in shear flow are studied by numerical simulations. The suspension exhibits the lubricated-to-frictional rheology transition, but the key results here are for stresses above the levels that cause extreme shear-thickening. At large solid fraction, $\phi$, but below the stress-dependent jamming fraction, we find a critical $\phi_{c}\left(\sigma,\mu\right)$ where $\sigma$ is a dimensionless shear stress and $\mu$ is the interparticle friction coefficient. For $\phi>\phi_c$, the proportion of particles in rigid clusters grows sharply, as $f_{\rm rig} \sim \left\vert\phi-\phi_{c}\right\vert^{\beta}$ with $\beta=1/8$, as do the fluctuations in the fraction of rigid particles, with a susceptibility measure $\chi_{\rm rig} \sim \left\vert\phi-\phi_{c}\right\vert^{-\gamma}$ with $\gamma = 7/4$. The system is thus found to exhibit criticality. The results are shown to depend on an effective field $h\left(\mu\right)$, which provides data collapse near $\phi_c$ for both $f_{\rm rig}$ and $\chi_{\rm rig}$. This behavior occurs over a range of stresses, with $\phi_c\left(\sigma,\mu\right)$ increasing as the stress decreases.

The system of Virtual Try-ON (VTON) allows a user to try a product virtually. In general, a VTON system takes a clothing source and a person's image to predict the try-on output of the person in the given clothing. Although existing methods perform well for simple poses, in case of bent or crossed arms posture or when there is a significant difference between the alignment of the source clothing and the pose of the target person, these methods fail by generating inaccurate clothing deformations. In the VTON methods that employ Thin Plate Spline (TPS) based clothing transformations, this mainly occurs for two reasons - (1)~the second-order smoothness constraint of TPS that restricts the bending of the object plane. (2)~Overlaps among different clothing parts (e.g., sleeves and torso) can not be modeled by a single TPS transformation, as it assumes the clothing as a single planar object; therefore, disregards the independence of movement of different clothing parts. To this end, we make two major contributions. Concerning the bending limitations of TPS, we propose a human AnaTomy-Aware Geometric (ATAG) transformation. Regarding the overlap issue, we propose a part-based warping approach that divides the clothing into independently warpable parts to warp them separately and later combine them. Extensive analysis shows the efficacy of this approach., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2208.08076

Large-scale quantum networks, necessary for distributed quantum information processing, are posited to have quantum entangled systems between distant network nodes. The extent and quality of distributed entanglement in a quantum network, that is its functionality, depends on its topology, edge-parameter distributions and the distribution protocol. We uncover the parametric entanglement topography and introduce the notion of typical and maximal viable regions for entanglement-enabled tasks in a general model of large-scale quantum networks. We show that such a topographical analysis, in terms of viability regions, reveals important functional information about quantum networks, provides experimental targets for the edge parameters and can guide efficient quantum network design. Applied to a photonic quantum network, such a topographical analysis shows that in a network with radius $10^3$ kms and 1500 nodes, arbitrary pairs of nodes can establish quantum secure keys at a rate of $R_{sec}=1$ kHz using $1$ MHz entanglement generation sources on the edges and as few as 3 entanglement swappings at intermediate nodes along network paths., Comment: Comments welcome