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12,322 results on '"A, Meaney"'

1. Dynamic computerized tomography using inexact models and motion estimation

Author

Sarnighausen, Gesa, Wald, Anne, and Meaney, Alexander

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

Reconstructing a dynamic object with affine motion in computerized tomography (CT) leads to motion artifacts if the motion is not taken into account. In most cases, the actual motion is neither known nor can be determined easily. As a consequence, the respective model that describes CT is incomplete. The iterative RESESOP-Kaczmarz method can - under certain conditions and by exploiting the modeling error - reconstruct dynamic objects at different time points even if the exact motion is unknown. However, the method is very time-consuming. To speed the reconstruction process up and obtain better results, we combine the following three steps: 1. RESESOP-Kacmarz with only a few iterations is implemented to reconstruct the object at different time points. 2. The motion is estimated via landmark detection, e.g. using deep learning. 3. The estimated motion is integrated into the reconstruction process, allowing the use of dynamic filtered backprojection. We give a short review of all methods involved and present numerical results as a proof of principle., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

2. The Promise of MOOCs Revisited? Demographics of Learners Preparing for University

Author

Meaney, Michael J. and Fikes, Tom

Abstract

This paper leverages cluster analysis to provide insight into how traditionally underrepresented learners engage with entry-level massive open online courses (MOOCs) intended to lower the barrier to university enrolment, produced by a major research university in the United States. From an initial sample of 260,239 learners, we cluster analyze a subset of data from 29,083 participants who submitted an assignment in one of nine entry-level MOOC courses. Manhattan distance and Gower distance measures are computed based on engagement, achievement, and demographic data. To our knowledge, this marks one of the first such uses of Gower distance to cluster mixed variable data to explore fairness and equity in the MOOC literature. The clusters are derived from CLARA and PAM algorithms, enriched by demographic data, with a particular focus on education level, as well as approximated socioeconomic status (SES) for a smaller subset of learners. Results indicate that learners without a college degree are more likely to be high-performing compared to college-educated learners. Learners from lower SES backgrounds are just as likely to be successful as learners from middle and higher SES backgrounds. While MOOCs have struggled to improve access to learning, more fair and equitable outcomes for traditionally underrepresented learners are possible.

Published
2023

3. Associations between Social Adversity and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Stress, and Aging in Children

Author

Pantell, Matthew S, Silveira, Patricia P, de Mendonça Filho, Euclides José, Wing, Holly, Brown, Erika M, Keeton, Victoria F, Pokhvisneva, Irina, O’Donnell, Kieran J, Neuhaus, John, Hessler, Danielle, Meaney, Michael J, Adler, Nancy E, and Gottlieb, Laura M

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Research Initiative, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Public Health and Health Services, Pediatrics
Abstract

BackgroundPrior work has found relationships between childhood social adversity and biomarkers of stress, but knowledge gaps remain. To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical "clusters" based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and progesterone), neuromodulation (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, stearoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide), and epigenetic aging (Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic clock).MethodsWe collected biomarker samples of children ages 0-17 recruited from an acute care pediatrics clinic and examined their associations with caregiver-endorsed education, income, social risk factors, and cumulative adversity. We calculated regression-adjusted means for each biomarker and compared associations with social factors using Wald tests. We used logistic regression to predict being in the highest cytokine cluster based on social predictors.ResultsOur final sample included 537 children but varied based on each biomarker. Cumulative social adversity was significantly associated with having higher levels of all inflammatory markers and with cortisol, displaying a U-shaped distribution. There were no significant relationships between cumulative social adversity and cortisone, neuromodulation biomarkers or epigenetic aging.ConclusionOur findings support prior work suggesting that social stress exposures contribute to increased inflammation in children.ImpactOur study is one of the largest studies examining associations between childhood social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation, neuroendocrine function, neuromodulation, and epigenetic aging. It is one of the largest studies to link childhood social adversity to biomarkers of inflammation, and the first of which we are aware to link cumulative social adversity to cytokine clusters. It is also one of the largest studies to examine associations between steroids and epigenetic aging among children, and one of the only studies of which we are aware to examine associations between social adversity and endocannabinoids among children.Clinical trial registrationNCT02746393.

Published
2024

4. Grand Challenges at the Interface of Engineering and Medicine.

Author

Subramaniam, Shankar, Akay, Metin, Anastasio, Mark, Bailey, Vasudev, Boas, David, Bonato, Paolo, Chilkoti, Ashutosh, Cochran, Jennifer, Colvin, Vicki, Desai, Tejal, Duncan, James, Epstein, Frederick, Fraley, Stephanie, Giachelli, Cecilia, Grande-Allen, K, Green, Jordan, Guo, X, Hilton, Isaac, Humphrey, Jay, Johnson, Chris, Karniadakis, George, King, Michael, Kirsch, Robert, Kumar, Sanjay, Laurencin, Cato, Li, Song, Lieber, Richard, Lovell, Nigel, Mali, Prashant, Margulies, Susan, Meaney, David, Ogle, Brenda, Palsson, Bernhard, A Peppas, Nicholas, Perreault, Eric, Rabbitt, Rick, Setton, Lori, Shea, Lonnie, Shroff, Sanjeev, Shung, Kirk, Tolias, Andreas, van der Meulen, Marjolein, Varghese, Shyni, Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana, White, John, Winslow, Raimond, Zhang, Jianyi, Zhang, Kun, Zukoski, Charles, and Miller, Michael

Subjects
Genome-engineering, artificial intelligence, biomanufacturing, biomaterials, bioreactors, bone, brain, brain-computer interfaces, cell therapy, digital twins, disease resistance, drug testing, gene therapy, heart, human function augmentation, immuno-engineering, lung, machine learning, models of disease, neuroimaging, neuromodulation, organ regeneration, organs-on-chip, patient on a chip, precision medicine, stem cells, synthetic biology, tissue engineering
Abstract

Over the past two decades Biomedical Engineering has emerged as a major discipline that bridges societal needs of human health care with the development of novel technologies. Every medical institution is now equipped at varying degrees of sophistication with the ability to monitor human health in both non-invasive and invasive modes. The multiple scales at which human physiology can be interrogated provide a profound perspective on health and disease. We are at the nexus of creating avatars (herein defined as an extension of digital twins) of human patho/physiology to serve as paradigms for interrogation and potential intervention. Motivated by the emergence of these new capabilities, the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the Departments of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and Bioengineering at University of California at San Diego sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop to define the grand challenges that face biomedical engineering and the mechanisms to address these challenges. The Workshop identified five grand challenges with cross-cutting themes and provided a roadmap for new technologies, identified new training needs, and defined the types of interdisciplinary teams needed for addressing these challenges. The themes presented in this paper include: 1) accumedicine through creation of avatars of cells, tissues, organs and whole human; 2) development of smart and responsive devices for human function augmentation; 3) exocortical technologies to understand brain function and treat neuropathologies; 4) the development of approaches to harness the human immune system for health and wellness; and 5) new strategies to engineer genomes and cells.

Published
2024

5. A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood.

Author

Alex, Ann, Aguate, Fernando, Botteron, Kelly, Buss, Claudia, Chong, Yap-Seng, Dager, Stephen, Donald, Kirsten, Entringer, Sonja, Fair, Damien, Fortier, Marielle, Gaab, Nadine, Gilmore, John, Girault, Jessica, Graham, Alice, Groenewold, Nynke, Hazlett, Heather, Lin, Weili, Meaney, Michael, Piven, Joseph, Qiu, Anqi, Rasmussen, Jerod, Roos, Annerine, Schultz, Robert, Skeide, Michael, Stein, Dan, Styner, Martin, Thompson, Paul, Turesky, Ted, Wadhwa, Pathik, Zar, Heather, Zöllei, Lilla, de Los Campos, Gustavo, and Knickmeyer, Rebecca

Subjects
Male, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Child, Preschool, Child, Premature Birth, Cognition, Brain, Neuroimaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain-cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.

Published
2024

6. Developing an Analytical Tool for Radical Socially-Just Teacher Educator Action Research about Language Diverse Mathematics Classrooms

Author

Georgia Kasari and Tamsin Meaney

Abstract

In our action research projects as teacher educators, we focus on broadening preservice teachers' understandings about language diversity in mathematics classrooms, away from just improving students' fluency in the language of instruction. To undertake these projects, we developed a flexible analytical tool, for identifying those pedagogical practices which could be improved and so broaden pre-service teachers' understandings about language diversity. By documenting the development of the analytical tool, we provide insights into how action research projects can contribute to aims for social justice. Using data from a wider project, the analytical tool is discussed in regard to its possibilities for identifying practices that could be improved, its validity and reliability, and its potential for use in other action research projects.

Published
2024
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7. 'Shall We Bullshit People?' Truth, Lies and Bullshit in Argumentation That Uses Mathematics

Author

Eva Elise Tvedt, Tamsin Meaney, Toril Eskeland Rangnes, and Troels Lange

Abstract

Learning mathematics is often justified as supporting students to make rational decisions, an important goal given the misinformation spread through social media every day. However, when asking preservice teachers to engage in a critical mathematics education activity in which they had to produce an argumentation that would persuade people to change their behaviour using mathematics, we found that the need for a truthful argument was replaced by the need to make an impact on their audience. We use Frankfurt's distinction between truth-tellers, liars and bullshitters to discuss how this change took place and what implications there are for teacher education.

Published
2024

14. Handwriting Analysis on the Diaries of Rosamond Jacob

Author

Sawant, Sharmistha S., Thakare, Saloni D., Greene, Derek, Meaney, Gerardine, and Smeaton, Alan F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries
Abstract

Handwriting is an art form that most people learn at an early age. Each person's writing style is unique with small changes as we grow older and as our mood changes. Here we analyse handwritten text in a culturally significant personal diary. We compare changes in handwriting and relate this to the sentiment of the written material and to the topic of diary entries. We identify handwritten text from digitised images and generate a canonical form for words using shape matching to compare how the same handwritten word appears over a period of time. For determining the sentiment of diary entries, we use the Hedonometer, a dictionary-based approach to scoring sentiment. We apply these techniques to the historical diary entries of Rosamond Jacob (1888-1960), an Irish writer and political activist whose daily diary entries report on the major events in Ireland during the first half of the last century., Comment: International Conference on Content-based Multimedia Indexing, September 20--22, 2023, Orleans, France

Published
2023
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15. Predictors of Cognitive Change in Parkinson Disease

Author

Gasca-Salas, Carmen, Duff-Canning, Sarah, McArthur, Eric, Armstrong, Melissa J, Fox, Susan, Meaney, Christopher A, Tang-Wai, David F, Gill, David, Eslinger, Paul J, Zadikoff, Cindy, Marshall, Fred J, Mapstone, Mark, Chou, Kelvin L, Persad, Carol, Litvan, Irene, Mast, Benjamin T, Gerstenecker, Adam T, Weintraub, Sandra, and Marras, Connie

Subjects
Psychology, Applied and Developmental Psychology, Dementia, Neurodegenerative, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, Behavioral and Social Science, Aging, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Parkinson's Disease, Clinical Research, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Humans, Follow-Up Studies, Parkinson Disease, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognition, Neuropsychological Tests, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, Parkinson disease, neuropsychological tests, longitudinal studies, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson disease (PD-MCI). However, instability in this clinical diagnosis and variability in rates of progression to dementia raises questions regarding its utility for longitudinal tracking and prediction of cognitive change in PD. We examined baseline neuropsychological test and cognitive diagnosis predictors of cognitive change in PD.MethodsPersons with PD, without dementia PD (N=138) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at baseline and were followed up to 2 years. Level II Movement Disorder Society criteria for PD-MCI and PD dementia (PDD) were applied annually. Composite global and domain cognitive z -scores were calculated based on a 10-test neuropsychological battery.ResultsBaseline diagnosis of PD-MCI was not associated with a change in global cognitive z -scores. Lower baseline attention and higher executive domain z -scores were associated with greater global cognitive z -score worsening regardless of cognitive diagnosis. Worse baseline domain z -scores in the attention and language domains were associated with progression to MCI or PDD, whereas higher baseline scores in all cognitive domains except executive function were associated with clinical and psychometric reversion to "normal" cognition.ConclusionsLower scores on cognitive tests of attention were predictive of worse global cognition over 2 years of follow-up in PD, and lower baseline attention and language scores were associated with progression to MCI or PDD. However, PD-MCI diagnosis per se was not predictive of cognitive decline over 2 years. The association between higher executive domain z -scores and greater global cognitive worsening is probably a spurious result.

Published
2023

16. Evaluating the implementation of the Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE) program in northwestern Tanzania: a mixed-methods study guided by normalization process theory

Author

Joseph R. Mwanga, Adolfine Hokororo, Hanston Ndosi, Theopista Masenge, Florence S. Kalabamu, Daniel Tawfik, Rishi P. Mediratta, Boris Rozenfeld, Marc Berg, Zachary H. Smith, Neema Chami, Namala P. Mkopi, Castory Mwanga, Enock Diocles, Ambrose Agweyu, and Peter A. Meaney

Subjects
Adaptive learning, Feasibility, Acceptability, Normalization Process Theory, Implementation Science, Pediatrics, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Tanzania, the competency of healthcare providers critically influences the quality of pediatric care. To address this issue, we introduced Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE), an adaptive learning program to enhance provider competency in Tanzania’s guidelines for managing seriously ill children. Adaptive learning is a promising alternative to current in-service education, yet optimal implementation strategies in LMIC settings are unknown. Objectives (1) To evaluate the initial PACE implementation in Mwanza, Tanzania, using the construct of normalization process theory (NPT); (2) To provide insights into its feasibility, acceptability, and scalability potential. Methods Mixed-methods study involving healthcare providers at three facilities. Quantitative data was collected using the Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) questionnaire, while qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus groups discussions (FGDs). Results Eighty-two healthcare providers completed the NoMAD survey. Additionally, 24 senior providers participated in IDIs, and 79 junior providers participated in FGDs. Coherence and cognitive participation were high, demonstrating that PACE is well understood and resonates with existing healthcare goals. Providers expressed a willingness to integrate PACE into their practices, distinguishing it from existing educational methods. However, challenges related to resources and infrastructure, particularly those affecting collective action, were noted. Early indicators point toward the potential for long-term sustainability of the PACE, but assessment of reflexive monitoring was limited due to the study’s focus on PACE’s initial implementation. Conclusion This study offers vital insights into the feasibility and acceptability of implementing PACE in a Tanzanian context. While PACE aligns well with healthcare objectives, addressing resource and infrastructure challenges as well as conducting a longer-term study to assess reflexive monitoring is crucial for its successful implementation. Furthermore, the study underscores the value of the NPT as a framework for guiding implementation processes, with broader implications for implementation science and pediatric acute care in LMICs.

Published
2024
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17. Curatr: A Platform for Semantic Analysis and Curation of Historical Literary Texts

Author

Leavy, Susan, Meaney, Gerardine, Wade, Karen, and Greene, Derek

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The increasing availability of digital collections of historical and contemporary literature presents a wealth of possibilities for new research in the humanities. The scale and diversity of such collections however, presents particular challenges in identifying and extracting relevant content. This paper presents Curatr, an online platform for the exploration and curation of literature with machine learning-supported semantic search, designed within the context of digital humanities scholarship. The platform provides a text mining workflow that combines neural word embeddings with expert domain knowledge to enable the generation of thematic lexicons, allowing researches to curate relevant sub-corpora from a large corpus of 18th and 19th century digitised texts., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2023
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18. Comparing Variation in Tokenizer Outputs Using a Series of Problematic and Challenging Biomedical Sentences

Author

Meaney, Christopher, Stukel, Therese A, Austin, Peter C, and Escobar, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Background & Objective: Biomedical text data are increasingly available for research. Tokenization is an initial step in many biomedical text mining pipelines. Tokenization is the process of parsing an input biomedical sentence (represented as a digital character sequence) into a discrete set of word/token symbols, which convey focused semantic/syntactic meaning. The objective of this study is to explore variation in tokenizer outputs when applied across a series of challenging biomedical sentences. Method: Diaz [2015] introduce 24 challenging example biomedical sentences for comparing tokenizer performance. In this study, we descriptively explore variation in outputs of eight tokenizers applied to each example biomedical sentence. The tokenizers compared in this study are the NLTK white space tokenizer, the NLTK Penn Tree Bank tokenizer, Spacy and SciSpacy tokenizers, Stanza/Stanza-Craft tokenizers, the UDPipe tokenizer, and R-tokenizers. Results: For many examples, tokenizers performed similarly effectively; however, for certain examples, there were meaningful variation in returned outputs. The white space tokenizer often performed differently than other tokenizers. We observed performance similarities for tokenizers implementing rule-based systems (e.g. pattern matching and regular expressions) and tokenizers implementing neural architectures for token classification. Oftentimes, the challenging tokens resulting in the greatest variation in outputs, are those words which convey substantive and focused biomedical/clinical meaning (e.g. x-ray, IL-10, TCR/CD3, CD4+ CD8+, and (Ca2+)-regulated). Conclusion: When state-of-the-art, open-source tokenizers from Python and R were applied to a series of challenging biomedical example sentences, we observed subtle variation in the returned outputs.

Published
2023

19. Linking specific biological signatures to different childhood adversities: findings from the HERO project.

Author

de Mendonça Filho, Euclides, Pokhvisneva, Irina, Maalouf, Christina, Parent, Carine, Mliner, Shanna, Slopen, Natalie, Williams, David, Boyce, William, Levitt, Pat, Nelson, Charles, Gunnar, Megan, Meaney, Michael, Shonkoff, Jack, Silveira, Patricia, and Bush, Nicole

Subjects
Humans, Child, Hydrocortisone, Cortisone, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Stress, Psychological, Saliva, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Dehydroepiandrosterone
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although investigations have begun to differentiate biological and neurobiological responses to a variety of adversities, studies considering both endocrine and immune function in the same datasets are limited. METHODS: Associations between proximal (family functioning, caregiver depression, and anxiety) and distal (SES-D; socioeconomic disadvantage) early-life adversities with salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and hair HPA markers (cortisol, cortisone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were examined in two samples of young U.S. children (N = 142; N = 145). RESULTS: Children exposed to higher SES-D had higher levels of TNF-α (B = 0.13, p = 0.011), IL-1β (B = 0.10, p = 0.033), and DHEA (B = 0.16, p = 0.011). Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher cortisol (B = 0.08, p = 0.033) and cortisone (B = 0.05, p = 0.003). An interaction between SES-D and family dysfunction was observed for cortisol levels (p = 0.020) whereby children exposed to lower/average levels of SES-D exhibited a positive association between family dysfunction and cortisol levels, whereas children exposed to high levels of SES-D did not. These findings were partially replicated in the second sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that these biological response systems may react differently to different forms of early-life adversity. IMPACT: Different forms of early-life adversity have varied stress signatures, and investigations of early-life adversities with inflammation and HPA markers are lacking. Children with higher socioeconomic disadvantage had higher TNF-α, IL-1β, and DHEA. Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher hair cortisol and cortisone levels, and the association between family dysfunction and cortisol was moderated by socioeconomic disadvantage. Biological response systems (immune and endocrine) were differentially associated with distinct forms of early-life adversities.

Published
2023

20. Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders

Author

Meaney, Michael J., Liebowitz, Michael R., David Leonardo, E., Schulze, Thomas G., Section editor, Laje, Gonzalo, Section editor, Tasman, Allan, editor, Riba, Michelle B., editor, Alarcón, Renato D., editor, Alfonso, César A., editor, Kanba, Shigenobu, editor, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, editor, Ndetei, David M., editor, Ng, Chee H., editor, and Schulze, Thomas G., editor

Published
2024
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23. Evaluating the implementation of the Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE) program in northwestern Tanzania: a mixed-methods study guided by normalization process theory

Author

Mwanga, Joseph R., Hokororo, Adolfine, Ndosi, Hanston, Masenge, Theopista, Kalabamu, Florence S., Tawfik, Daniel, Mediratta, Rishi P., Rozenfeld, Boris, Berg, Marc, Smith, Zachary H., Chami, Neema, Mkopi, Namala P., Mwanga, Castory, Diocles, Enock, Agweyu, Ambrose, and Meaney, Peter A.

Published
2024
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24. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state

Author

Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Pak, A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H. W., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T. J., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H. G., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2024
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30. Outcomes up to age 36 months after congenital Zika virus infection—U.S. states

Author

Neelam, Varsha, Woodworth, Kate R., Chang, Daniel J., Roth, Nicole M., Reynolds, Megan R., Akosa, Amanda, Carr, Christopher P., Anderson, Kayla N., Mulkey, Sarah B., DeBiasi, Roberta L., Biddle, Cara, Lee, Ellen H., Elmore, Amanda L., Scotland, Sarah J., Sowunmi, Similoluwa, Longcore, Nicole D., Ahmed, Muhammad, Langlois, Peter H., Khuwaja, Salma, Browne, Shea Elizabeth, Lind, Leah, Shim, Kyoo, Gosciminski, Michael, Blumenfeld, Rachel, Khuntia, Shreya, Halai, Umme-Aiman, Locklear, Autumn, Chan, Mary, Willabus, Teri’, Tonzel, Julius, Marzec, Natalie S., Barreto, Nianest Alers, Sanchez, Connie, Fornoff, Jane, Hale, Shelby, Nance, Amy, Iguchi, Lisa, Adibhatla, Sowmya N., Potts, Emily, Schiffman, Elizabeth, Raman, Devin, McDonald, Morgan F., Stricklin, Brandi, Ludwig, Elizabeth, Denson, Lindsay, Contreras, Dianna, Romitti, Paul A., Ferrell, Emily, Marx, Meghan, Signs, Kimberly, Cook, Amie, Leedom, Vinita Oberoi, Beauregard, Suzann, Orantes, Lucia C., Cronquist, Laura, Roush, Lesley, Godfred-Cato, Shana, Gilboa, Suzanne M., Meaney-Delman, Dana, Honein, Margaret A., Moore, Cynthia A., and Tong, Van T.

Published
2024
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32. Student and Faculty Perception of Engagement in Two Active Learning Classroom Designs

Author

Knudson, Duane, Odum, Mary, and Meaney, Karen

Abstract

Faculty and student perception of engagement in two (mobile desks or mobile tables and chairs) low-tech active learning classroom (ALC) designs were compared. Student (n = 413) perceptions of engagement were measured with the Engaged Learning Index (ELI) and the Social Context and Learning Environments (SCALE) instruments at the beginning and end of a semester in a large, multi-disciplinary department. Faculty (n = 14) rated perception of engagement using only the SCALE instrument. Perceptions of engagement from faculty and students using SCALE were significantly more positive for both ALCs compared to perceptions of traditional classrooms. There was no clear evidence of differences in student and faculty perceptions of engagement between the two ALC designs. No or small differences between the two ALC designs means departments might consider cost, maintenance, and other pragmatic factors in ALC design.

Published
2022

33. Review of A Dublin Magdalene Laundry: Donnybrook and Church-State Power in Ireland, by Mark Coen, Katherine O'Donnell and Maeve O'Rourke (eds.)

Author

Niamh Meaney

Subjects
Language and Literature, History (General) and history of Europe
Abstract

Review of A Dublin Magdalene Laundry: Donnybrook and Church-State Power in Ireland, by Mark Coen, Katherine O'Donnell and Maeve O'Rourke (eds.) ( London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023), 264 pp., ISBN 9781350279063, £58.50 (hardback)

Published
2024
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34. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state

Author

J. E. Ralph, J. S. Ross, A. B. Zylstra, A. L. Kritcher, H. F. Robey, C. V. Young, O. A. Hurricane, A. Pak, D. A. Callahan, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey, T. Döppner, L. Divol, M. Hohenberger, S. Le Pape, P. K. Patel, R. Tommasini, S. J. Ali, P. A. Amendt, L. J. Atherton, B. Bachmann, D. Bailey, L. R. Benedetti, L. Berzak Hopkins, R. Betti, S. D. Bhandarkar, J. Biener, R. M. Bionta, N. W. Birge, E. J. Bond, D. K. Bradley, T. Braun, T. M. Briggs, M. W. Bruhn, P. M. Celliers, B. Chang, T. Chapman, H. Chen, C. Choate, A. R. Christopherson, D. S. Clark, J. W. Crippen, E. L. Dewald, T. R. Dittrich, M. J. Edwards, W. A. Farmer, J. E. Field, D. Fittinghoff, J. Frenje, J. Gaffney, M. Gatu Johnson, S. H. Glenzer, G. P. Grim, S. Haan, K. D. Hahn, G. N. Hall, B. A. Hammel, J. Harte, E. Hartouni, J. E. Heebner, V. J. Hernandez, H. W. Herrmann, M. C. Herrmann, D. E. Hinkel, D. D. Ho, J. P. Holder, W. W. Hsing, H. Huang, K. D. Humbird, N. Izumi, L. C. Jarrott, J. Jeet, O. Jones, G. D. Kerbel, S. M. Kerr, S. F. Khan, J. Kilkenny, Y. Kim, H. Geppert-Kleinrath, V. Geppert-Kleinrath, C. Kong, J. M. Koning, J. J. Kroll, M. K. G. Kruse, B. Kustowski, O. L. Landen, S. Langer, D. Larson, N. C. Lemos, J. D. Lindl, T. Ma, M. J. MacDonald, B. J. MacGowan, A. J. Mackinnon, S. A. MacLaren, A. G. MacPhee, M. M. Marinak, D. A. Mariscal, E. V. Marley, L. Masse, K. D. Meaney, N. B. Meezan, P. A. Michel, M. Millot, J. L. Milovich, J. D. Moody, A. S. Moore, J. W. Morton, T. J. Murphy, K. Newman, J.-M. G. Di Nicola, A. Nikroo, R. Nora, M. V. Patel, L. J. Pelz, J. L. Peterson, Y. Ping, B. B. Pollock, M. Ratledge, N. G. Rice, H. G. Rinderknecht, M. Rosen, M. S. Rubery, J. D. Salmonson, J. Sater, S. Schiaffino, D. J. Schlossberg, M. B. Schneider, C. R. Schroeder, H. A. Scott, S. M. Sepke, K. Sequoia, M. W. Sherlock, S. Shin, V. A. Smalyuk, B. K. Spears, P. T. Springer, M. Stadermann, S. Stoupin, D. J. Strozzi, L. J. Suter, C. A. Thomas, R. P. J. Town, C. Trosseille, E. R. Tubman, P. L. Volegov, C. R. Weber, K. Widmann, C. Wild, C. H. Wilde, B. M. Van Wonterghem, D. T. Woods, B. N. Woodworth, M. Yamaguchi, S. T. Yang, and G. B. Zimmerman

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1. Analysis shows that including these three corrections alone accounts for the measured fusion performance variability in the two highest performing experimental campaigns on the NIF to within error. Here we quantify the performance sensitivity to mode-2 symmetry in the burning plasma regime and apply the results, in the form of an empirical correction to a 1D performance model. Furthermore, we find the sensitivity to mode-2 determined through a series of integrated 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations to be consistent with the experimentally determined sensitivity only when including alpha-heating.

Published
2024
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35. Variation in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) moderates the influence of maternal sensitivity on child attachment

Author

K. Tchalova, J. E. Lydon, L. Atkinson, A. S. Fleming, J. Kennedy, V. Lecompte, M. J. Meaney, E. Moss, K. A. O’Donnell, K. J. O’Donnell, P. P. Silveira, M. B. Sokolowski, M. Steiner, and J. A. Bartz

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract The endogenous opioid system is thought to play an important role in mother-infant attachment. In infant rhesus macaques, variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is related to differences in attachment behavior that emerges following repeated separation from the mother; specifically, infants carrying at least one copy of the minor G allele of the OPRM1 C77G polymorphism show heightened and more persistent separation distress, as well as a pattern of increased contact-seeking behavior directed towards the mother during reunions (at the expense of affiliation with other group members). Research in adult humans has also linked the minor G allele of the analogous OPRM1 A118G polymorphism with greater interpersonal sensitivity. Adopting an interactionist approach, we examined whether OPRM1 A118G genotype and maternal (in)sensitivity are associated with child attachment style, predicting that children carrying the G allele may be more likely to develop an ambivalent attachment pattern in response to less sensitive maternal care. The sample consisted of 191 mothers participating with their children (n = 223) in the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) project, a community-based, birth cohort study of Canadian mothers and their children assessed longitudinally across the child’s development. Maternal sensitivity was coded from at-home mother-child interactions videotaped when the child was 18 months of age. Child attachment was assessed at 36 months using the Strange Situation paradigm. As predicted, G allele carriers, but not AA homozygotes, showed increasing odds of being classified as ambivalently attached with decreasing levels of maternal sensitivity. Paralleling earlier non-human animal research, this work provides support for the theory that endogenous opioids contribute to the expression of attachment behaviors in humans.

Published
2024
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36. The prospective associations of 24-hour movement behaviors and domain-specific activities with executive function and academic achievement among school-aged children in Singapore

Author

Natarajan Padmapriya, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Sarah Yi Xuan Tan, Anne H. Y. Chu, Claire Marie Jie Lin Goh, Shuen Lin Tan, Lynette P. Shek, Yap Seng Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Shiao-Yng Chan, Fabian Yap, Keith M. Godfrey, Yung Seng Lee, Michael J. Meaney, Johan G. Eriksson, Chuen Seng Tan, Evelyn C. Law, and Falk Müller-Riemenschneider

Subjects
physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, movement behaviors, cognition, children, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are collectively referred to as 24-h movement behaviors, which may be linked to cognitive development in children. However, most of the evidence was based on cross-sectional studies and/or solely relied on parent-reported information on children’s behaviors, and it remains uncertain whether all domains/contexts of PA and SB are similarly associated with executive function and academic achievement.ObjectiveWe investigated the prospective associations of accelerometer-measured 24 h-movement behaviors and domain-specific PA and SB with executive function and academic achievement among school-aged children in Singapore.MethodsThe Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort used a wrist-worn accelerometer (Actigraph-GT3x+) to measure 24 h-movement behaviors data at ages 5.5 and 8 years. Executive function and academic achievement were assessed using NEuroPSYchology (NEPSY) and Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests at ages 8.5 and 9-years, respectively. Compositional data analyses were conducted to explore the associations of 24 h-movement behavior with outcomes, and multiple linear regression models to examine the associations of domain-specific PA and SB with outcomes (n = 432).ResultsAmong 432 children whose parents agreed to cognitive assessments (47% girls and 58% Chinese), the composition of 24 h-movement behaviors at ages 5.5 and 8 years was not associated with executive function and academic achievement. However, higher moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) relative to remaining movement behaviors at age 5.5 years was associated with lower academic achievement [Mean difference (95% confidence interval): −0.367 (−0.726, −0.009) z-score], and reallocating MVPA time to sleep showed higher academic achievement scores [30 min from MVPA to sleep: 0.214 (0.023, 0.404) z-score]. Certain domains of PA and SB, notably organized PA/sports, outdoor play, and reading books were favorably associated with outcomes of interest, while indoor play and screen-viewing were unfavorably associated.ConclusionThe associations between movement behaviors and cognitive outcomes are multifaceted, influenced by specific domains of PA and SB. This study underscores the importance of participation in organized PA/sports, outdoor active play, and reading books, while ensuring adequate sleep and limiting screen viewing, to enhance cognitive outcomes. These findings underscore the need for further research into time-use trade-offs. Such studies could have major implications for revising current guidelines or strategies aimed at promoting healthier 24 h-movement behaviors in children.Study registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT01174875.

Published
2024
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37. Analyzing Google COVID-19 Vaccine Intent Search Trends and Vaccine Readiness in the United States: Panel Data Study

Author

Kenneth W Moffett, Michael C Marshall, Jae-Eun C Kim, Heather Dahlen, Benjamin Denison, Elissa C Kranzler, Morgan Meaney, Blake Hoffman, Ivica Pavisic, and Leah Hoffman

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

BackgroundFactors such as anxiety, worry, and perceptions of insufficient knowledge about a topic motivate individuals to seek web-based health information to guide their health-related decision-making. These factors converged during the COVID-19 pandemic and were linked to COVID-19 vaccination decision-making. While research shows that web-based search relevant to COVID-19 was associated with subsequent vaccine uptake, less is known about COVID-19 vaccine intent search (which assesses vaccine availability, accessibility, and eligibility) as a signal of vaccine readiness. ObjectiveTo increase knowledge about vaccine intent search as a signal of vaccine readiness, we investigated the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine readiness and COVID-19 vaccine intent relative search volume on Google. MethodsWe compiled panel data from several data sources in all US counties between January 2021 and April 2023, a time during which those with primary COVID-19 vaccinations increased from 230 million adults. We estimated a random effects generalized least squares regression model with time-fixed effects to assess the relationship between county-level COVID-19 vaccine readiness and COVID-19 vaccine intent relative search volume. We controlled for health care capacity, per capita COVID-19 cases and vaccination doses administered, and sociodemographic indicators. ResultsThe county-level proportions of unvaccinated adults who reported that they would wait and see before getting a COVID-19 vaccine were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine intent relative search volume (β=9.123; Z=3.59; P

Published
2024
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38. Corrigendum: Motor learning in developmental coordination disorder: behavioral and neuroimaging study

Author

Emad Al-Yahya, Patrick Esser, Benjamin D. Weedon, Shawn Joshi, Yan-Ci Liu, Daniella N. Springett, Piergiorgio Salvan, Andy Meaney, Johnny Collett, Mario Inacio, Anne Delextrat, Steve Kemp, Tomas Ward, Hooshang Izadi, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Hasan Ayaz, and Helen Dawes

Subjects
developmental coordination disorder, motor control, prefrontal cortex, frontoparietal networks, fNIRS, MRI, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published
2024
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39. Household Social Needs, Emotional Functioning, and Stress in Low-Income Latinx Children and their Mothers.

Author

Keeton, Victoria F, Bell, Janice F, Drake, Christiana, Fernandez Y Garcia, Erik O, Pantell, Matthew, Hessler, Danielle, Wing, Holly, Silveira, Patricia P, O'Donnell, Kieran J, de Mendonça Filho, Euclides José, Meaney, Michael J, and Gottlieb, Laura M

Subjects
Child emotional health, Latinx, hair cortisol, maternal stress, social needs, Clinical Research, Prevention, Mental Health, Pediatric, Mind and Body, Behavioral and Social Science, Rare Diseases, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Maternal stress, Social needs, Hair cortisol, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology, Linguistics, Family Studies
Abstract

Latinx families may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysfunction, due to higher rates of economic hardship and complex social influences in this population. Little is known about the impact of environmental stressors such as unmet social needs and maternal stress on the emotional health of Latinx children from low-income families. We conducted secondary analyses using survey and biomarker data from 432 Latinx children and mothers collected in a separate study. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression to test if household social needs, or maternal perceived stress or hair cortisol concentration (HCC), predicted child measures of emotional functioning or child HCC, independent of relevant sociodemographic factors. Approximately 40% of children in the sample had symptoms consistent with emotional dysfunction, and over 37% of households reported five or more social needs. High perceived maternal stress predicted higher odds of child emotional dysfunction (OR = 2.15; 95% CI [1.14, 4.04]; p = 0.01), and high maternal HCC was positively associated with high child HCC (OR = 10.60; 95% CI [4.20, 26.74]; p < 0.01). Most individual household social needs, as well as the level of household social need, were not independently associated with child emotional dysfunction or child HCC. Our findings begin to define a framework for understanding emotional health, stress, and resilience when caring for Latinx children and mothers living with high levels of social need, and the need for integrated mental health and social needs screening and interventions in settings that serve this population.

Published
2023

40. Don't Take it Personally: Analyzing Gender and Age Differences in Ratings of Online Humor

Author

Meaney, J. A., Wilson, Steven R., Chiruzzo, Luis, and Magdy, Walid

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Computational humor detection systems rarely model the subjectivity of humor responses, or consider alternative reactions to humor - namely offense. We analyzed a large dataset of humor and offense ratings by male and female annotators of different age groups. We find that women link these two concepts more strongly than men, and they tend to give lower humor ratings and higher offense scores. We also find that the correlation between humor and offense increases with age. Although there were no gender or age differences in humor detection, women and older annotators signalled that they did not understand joke texts more often than men. We discuss implications for computational humor detection and downstream tasks.

Published
2022

42. Key informants perspectives on creating a high impact research department in family and community medicine: a qualitative project

Author

Allison Gayapersad, Mary Ann O’Brien, Christopher Meaney, Ishan Aditya, Julia Baxter, and Peter Selby

Subjects
High impact research, Qualitative, Primary care, Socioecological framework, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Primary care is integral to the health system and population health. Primary care research is still in development and most academic departments lack effective research investments. High impact primary care research programs are needed to advance the field to ensure a robust primary care system for the future. The project objective was to understand key informants’ views of structures, functions, and processes required to create a high impact research program in an academic primary care department. Methods A descriptive qualitative project with key informants from research programs in primary care. Participants included international research leaders in primary care (n = 10), department of family and community researchers (n = 37) and staff (n = 9) in an academic primary care department, other university leaders (n = 3) and members of the departmental executive leadership team (1 department; 25 members). Semi-structured interviews (n = 27), and focus groups (n = 6) were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. We used a socioecological framework which described micro, meso, macro levels of influence. Results At the micro level despite barriers with respect to funding, protected time and lack of formal mentorship, personal motivation was a key factor. At the meso level, the organizational structure that promoted collaboration and a sense of connection emerged as a key factor. Specifically research leaders identified a research faculty development pipeline based on equity, diversity, inclusion, indigeneity, and accessibility principles with thematic areas of focus as key enablers. Lastly, at the macro level, an overarching culture and policies that promoted funding and primary care research was associated with high impact programs. Conclusion The alignment/complementarity of micro, meso, and macro level factors influenced the creation of a high impact research department in primary care. High impact research in primary care is facilitated by the development of researchers through formalized and structured mentorship/sponsorship and a department culture that promote primary care research.

Published
2024
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43. Parental and child genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation and early-life cognitive development: an Asian and European prospective cohort study

Author

Jian Huang, Michelle Z. L. Kee, Evelyn C. Law, Ka Kei Sum, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Keith M. Godfrey, Lourdes Mary Daniel, Kok Hian Tan, Yap Seng Chong, Shiao-Yng Chan, Johan G. Eriksson, Michael J. Meaney, and Jonathan Yinhao Huang

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Insulin resistance and glucose metabolism have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, in the metabolically more susceptible Asian populations, it is not clear whether the genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation influences early-life neurodevelopment. In a multi-ethnic Asian prospective cohort study in Singapore (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO)), we constructed child and parental polygenic risk scores (PRS) for glycaemic dysregulation based on the largest genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose among Asians. We found that child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with a lower perceptual reasoning score at ~7 years (β = −0. 141, p-value = 0.024, 95% CI −0. 264 to −0. 018) and a lower WIAT-III mean score at ~9 years (β = −0.222, p-value = 0.001, 95% CI −0.357 to −0.087). This association were consistent in direction among boys and girls. These inverse associations were not influenced by parental PRS and were likely mediated via insulin resistance rather than mediators such as birth weight and childhood body mass index. Higher paternal PRS for HOMA-IR was suggestively associated with lower child perceptual reasoning at ~7 years (β = −0.172, p-value = 0.002, 95% CI −0.280 to −0.064). Replication analysis in a European cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, showed that higher child PRS for fasting glucose was associated with lower verbal IQ score while higher maternal PRS for insulin resistance was associated with lower performance IQ score in their children at ~8.5 years. In summary, our findings suggest that higher child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with lower cognitive scores in both Asian and European replication cohorts. Differential findings between cohorts may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the functions of the genetic structure and ancestry-specific PRS and a more comprehensive investigation of behavioural mediators may help to understand these findings better.

Published
2024
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44. Grand Challenges at the Interface of Engineering and Medicine

Author

Shankar Subramaniam, Metin Akay, Mark A. Anastasio, Vasudev Bailey, David Boas, Paolo Bonato, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Jennifer R. Cochran, Vicki Colvin, Tejal A. Desai, James S. Duncan, Frederick H. Epstein, Stephanie Fraley, Cecilia Giachelli, K. Jane Grande-Allen, Jordan Green, X. Edward Guo, Isaac B. Hilton, Jay D. Humphrey, Chris R Johnson, George Karniadakis, Michael R. King, Robert F. Kirsch, Sanjay Kumar, Cato T. Laurencin, Song Li, Richard L. Lieber, Nigel Lovell, Prashant Mali, Susan S. Margulies, David F. Meaney, Brenda Ogle, Bernhard Palsson, Nicholas A. Peppas, Eric J. Perreault, Rick Rabbitt, Lori A. Setton, Lonnie D. Shea, Sanjeev G. Shroff, Kirk Shung, Andreas S. Tolias, Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen, Shyni Varghese, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, John A. White, Raimond Winslow, Jianyi Zhang, Kun Zhang, Charles Zukoski, and Michael I. Miller

Subjects
Genome-engineering, human function augmentation, immuno-engineering, precision medicine, digital twins, neuroimaging, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Over the past two decades Biomedical Engineering has emerged as a major discipline that bridges societal needs of human health care with the development of novel technologies. Every medical institution is now equipped at varying degrees of sophistication with the ability to monitor human health in both non-invasive and invasive modes. The multiple scales at which human physiology can be interrogated provide a profound perspective on health and disease. We are at the nexus of creating “avatars” (herein defined as an extension of “digital twins”) of human patho/physiology to serve as paradigms for interrogation and potential intervention. Motivated by the emergence of these new capabilities, the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the Departments of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University and Bioengineering at University of California at San Diego sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop to define the grand challenges that face biomedical engineering and the mechanisms to address these challenges. The Workshop identified five grand challenges with cross-cutting themes and provided a roadmap for new technologies, identified new training needs, and defined the types of interdisciplinary teams needed for addressing these challenges. The themes presented in this paper include: 1) accumedicine through creation of avatars of cells, tissues, organs and whole human; 2) development of smart and responsive devices for human function augmentation; 3) exocortical technologies to understand brain function and treat neuropathologies; 4) the development of approaches to harness the human immune system for health and wellness; and 5) new strategies to engineer genomes and cells.

Published
2024
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45. Concurrent validity of the ages and stages questionnaires with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 2 years – Singapore cohort study

Author

Pratibha Keshav Agarwal, Huichao Xie, Anu Sathyan Sathyapalan Rema, Michael J. Meaney, Keith M. Godfrey, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, and Lourdes Mary Daniel

Subjects
ASQ-3, Bayley-III, cohort study, developmental screening, validity, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background: With increasing acceptance of universal developmental screening in primary care, it is essential to evaluate the local validity and psychometric properties of commonly used questionnaires like the parent-completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires, 3rd Edition (ASQ-3) in identifying developmental delays. The aim of this study is to assess the convergent validity of the ASQ-3 with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-3rd edition (Bayley-III) in identifying developmental delay in a low-risk term cohort in Singapore. Methods: ASQ-3 and Bayley-III data was collected prospectively with generation of ASQ-3 cut-off scores using three different criteria: 1-standard deviation (SD) (Criterion-I) or 2-SD (Criterion-II) below the mean, and using a Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) (Criterion-III). Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. Correlations between the ASQ-3 and Bayley-III domains were evaluated using Pearson coefficients. Results: With all three criteria across different domains ASQ-3 showed high specificity (72–99%) and NPV (69–98%), but lower sensitivity (19–74%) and PPV (11–59%). Criterion-I identified 11–21% of children as “at-risk of developmental delay,” and was the most promising criterion measure, with high specificity (82–91%), NPV (69–74%) and overall agreement of 64–71%. Moderate-strong correlations were seen between ASQ-3 Communication and Bayley-III Language scales (r = 0.44–0.59, p

Published
2024
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46. Strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat kidney disease related to systemic arterial hypertension: a narrative review from the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension

Author

Silvia Palomo-Piñón, José Manuel Enciso-Muñoz, Eduardo Meaney, Ernesto Díaz-Domínguez, David Cardona-Muller, Fabiola Pazos Pérez, Emilia Cantoral-Farfán, Juan Carlos Anda-Garay, Janet Mijangos-Chavez, Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa, and on behalf of the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension

Subjects
Systemic arterial hypertension, Chronic kidney disease, Hypertension treatment, Guidelines, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract This narrative review highlights strategies proposed by the Mexican Group of Experts on Arterial Hypertension endorsed to prevent, diagnose, and treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) related to systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). Given the growing prevalence of CKD in Mexico and Latin America caused by SAH, there is a need for context-specific approaches to address the effects of SAH, given the diverse population and unique challenges faced by the region. This narrative review provides clinical strategies for healthcare providers on preventing, diagnosing, and treating kidney disease related to SAH, focusing on primary prevention, early detection, evidence-based diagnostic approaches, and selecting pharmacological treatments. Key-strategies are focused on six fundamental areas: 1) Strategies to mitigate kidney disease in SAH, 2) early detection of CKD in SAH, 3) diagnosis and monitoring of SAH, 4) blood pressure targets in patients living with CKD, 5) hypertensive treatment in patients with CKD and 6) diuretics and Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Inhibitors in Patients with CKD. This review aims to provide relevant strategies for the Mexican and Latin American clinical context, highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing SAH, and the role of community-based programs in improving the quality of life for affected individuals. This position paper seeks to contribute to reducing the burden of SAH-related CKD and its complications in Mexico and Latin America.

Published
2024
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48. HSP60 chaperone deficiency disrupts the mitochondrial matrix proteome and dysregulates cholesterol synthesis

Author

Cagla Cömert, Kasper Kjær-Sørensen, Jakob Hansen, Jasper Carlsen, Jesper Just, Brandon F. Meaney, Elsebet Østergaard, Yonglun Luo, Claus Oxvig, Lisbeth Schmidt-Laursen, Johan Palmfeldt, Paula Fernandez-Guerra, and Peter Bross

Subjects
HSP60, HSPD1, Mitochondria, Zebrafish, Myelination, Proteomics, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Objective: Mitochondrial proteostasis is critical for cellular function. The molecular chaperone HSP60 is essential for cell function and dysregulation of HSP60 expression has been implicated in cancer and diabetes. The few reported patients carrying HSP60 gene variants show neurodevelopmental delay and brain hypomyelination. Hsp60 interacts with more than 260 mitochondrial proteins but the mitochondrial proteins and functions affected by HSP60 deficiency are poorly characterized. Methods: We studied two model systems for HSP60 deficiency: (1) engineered HEK cells carrying an inducible dominant negative HSP60 mutant protein, (2) zebrafish HSP60 knockout larvae. Both systems were analyzed by RNASeq, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics, and several functional assays relevant for the respective model. In addition, skin fibroblasts from patients with disease-associated HSP60 variants were analyzed by proteomics. Results: We show that HSP60 deficiency leads to a differentially downregulated mitochondrial matrix proteome, transcriptional activation of stress responses, and dysregulated cholesterol biosynthesis. This leads to lipid accumulation in zebrafish knockout larvae. Conclusions: Our data provide a compendium of the effects of HSP60 deficiency on the mitochondrial matrix proteome. We show that HSP60 is a master regulator and modulator of mitochondrial functions and metabolic pathways. HSP60 dysfunction also affects cellular metabolism and disrupts the integrated stress response. The effect on cholesterol synthesis explains the effect of HSP60 dysfunction on myelination observed in patients carrying genetic variants of HSP60.

Published
2024
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49. Stratified analyses refine association between TLR7 rare variants and severe COVID-19

Author

Jannik Boos, Caspar I. van der Made, Gayatri Ramakrishnan, Eamon Coughlan, Rosanna Asselta, Britt-Sabina Löscher, Luca V.C. Valenti, Rafael de Cid, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Julià, Erola Pairo-Castineira, J. Kenneth Baillie, Sandra May, Berina Zametica, Julia Heggemann, Agustín Albillos, Jesus M. Banales, Jordi Barretina, Natalia Blay, Paolo Bonfanti, Maria Buti, Javier Fernandez, Sara Marsal, Daniele Prati, Luisa Ronzoni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Joachim L. Schultze, Olaf Riess, Andre Franke, Konrad Rawlik, David Ellinghaus, Alexander Hoischen, Axel Schmidt, Kerstin U. Ludwig, Valeria Rimoldi, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Alessandra Bandera, Flora Peyvandi, Giacomo Grasselli, Francesco Blasi, Francesco Malvestiti, Serena Pelusi, Cristiana Bianco, Lorenzo Miano, Angela Lombardi, Pietro Invernizzi, Alessio Gerussi, Giuseppe Citerio, Andrea Biondi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Marina Elena Cazzaniga, Giuseppe Foti, Ilaria Beretta, Mariella D'Angiò, Laura Rachele Bettini, Xavier Farré, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria, Beatriz Nafria, Mauro D'Amato, Adriana Palom, Colin Begg, Sara Clohisey, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Julian Knight, Lowell Ling, David Maslove, Danny McAuley, Johnny Millar, Hugh Montgomery, Alistair Nichol, Peter J.M. Openshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Chris P. Ponting, Kathy Rowan, Malcolm G. Semple, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Timothy Walsh, Latha Aravindan, Ruth Armstrong, Heather Biggs, Ceilia Boz, Adam Brown, Richard Clark, Audrey Coutts, Judy Coyle, Louise Cullum, Sukamal Das, Nicky Day, Lorna Donnelly, Esther Duncan, Angie Fawkes, Paul Fineran, Max Head Fourman, Anita Furlong, James Furniss, Bernadette Gallagher, Tammy Gilchrist, Ailsa Golightly, Fiona Griffiths, Katarzyna Hafezi, Debbie Hamilton, Ross Hendry, Andy Law, Dawn Law, Rachel Law, Sarah Law, Rebecca Lidstone-Scott, Louise Macgillivray, Alan Maclean, Hanning Mal, Sarah McCafferty, Ellie Mcmaster, Jen Meikle, Shona C. Moore, Kirstie Morrice, Lee Murphy, Sheena Murphy, Mybaya Hellen, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Chenqing Zheng, Jiantao Chen, Nick Parkinson, Trevor Paterson, Katherine Schon, Andrew Stenhouse, Mihaela Das, Maaike Swets, Helen Szoor-McElhinney, Filip Taneski, Lance Turtle, Tony Wackett, Mairi Ward, Jane Weaver, Nicola Wrobel, Marie Zechner, Gill Arbane, Aneta Bociek, Sara Campos, Neus Grau, Tim Owen Jones, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Marlies Ostermann, Christopher Whitton, Zoe Alldis, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Fatima Bibi, Jack Biddle, Sarah Blow, Matthew Bolton, Catherine Borra, Ruth Bowles, Maudrian Burton, Yasmin Choudhury, David Collier, Amber Cox, Amy Easthope, Patrizia Ebano, Stavros Fotiadis, Jana Gurasashvili, Rosslyn Halls, Pippa Hartridge, Delordson Kallon, Jamila Kassam, Ivone Lancoma-Malcolm, Maninderpal Matharu, Peter May, Oliver Mitchelmore, Tabitha Newman, Mital Patel, Jane Pheby, Irene Pinzuti, Zoe Prime, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Julian Shiel, Melanie Taylor, Carey Tierney, Suzanne Wood, Anne Zak, Olivier Zongo, Stephen Bonner, Keith Hugill, Jessica Jones, Steven Liggett, Evie Headlam, Nageswar Bandla, Minnie Gellamucho, Michelle Davies, Christopher Thompson, Marwa Abdelrazik, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Munzir Elhassan, Arunkumar Ganesan, Anne Haldeos, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Dharam Purohit, Rachel Vincent, Kugan Xavier, Kumar Rohit, Frater Alasdair, Malik Saleem, Carter David, Jenkins Samuel, Zoe Lamond, Wall Alanna, Jaime Fernandez-Roman, David O. Hamilton, Emily Johnson, Brian Johnston, Maria Lopez Martinez, Suleman Mulla, David Shaw, Alicia A.C. Waite, Victoria Waugh, Ingeborg D. Welters, Karen Williams, Anna Cavazza, Maeve Cockrell, Eleanor Corcoran, Maria Depante, Clare Finney, Ellen Jerome, Mark McPhail, Monalisa Nayak, Harriet Noble, Kevin O'Reilly, Evita Pappa, Rohit Saha, Sian Saha, John Smith, Abigail Knighton, David Antcliffe, Dorota Banach, Stephen Brett, Phoebe Coghlan, Ziortza Fernandez, Anthony Gordon, Roceld Rojo, Sonia Sousa Arias, Maie Templeton, Megan Meredith, Lucy Morris, Lucy Ryan, Amy Clark, Julia Sampson, Cecilia Peters, Martin Dent, Margaret Langley, Saima Ashraf, Shuying Wei, Angela Andrew, Archana Bashyal, Neil Davidson, Paula Hutton, Stuart McKechnie, Jean Wilson, David Baptista, Rebecca Crowe, Rita Fernandes, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Anna Joseph, Denise O'Connor, Meryem Allen, Adam Loveridge, India McKenley, Eriko Morino, Andres Naranjo, Richard Simms, Kathryn Sollesta, Andrew Swain, Harish Venkatesh, Jacyntha Khera, Jonathan Fox, Gillian Andrew, Lucy Barclay, Marie Callaghan, Rachael Campbell, Sarah Clark, Dave Hope, Lucy Marshall, Corrienne McCulloch, Kate Briton, Jo Singleton, Sohphie Birch, Lutece Brimfield, Zoe Daly, David Pogson, Steve Rose, Ceri Battle, Elaine Brinkworth, Rachel Harford, Carl Murphy, Luke Newey, Tabitha Rees, Marie Williams, Sophie Arnold, Petra Polgarova, Katerina Stroud, Eoghan Meaney, Megan Jones, Anthony Ng, Shruti Agrawal, Nazima Pathan, Deborah White, Esther Daubney, Kay Elston, Lina Grauslyte, Musarat Hussain, Mandeep Phull, Tatiana Pogreban, Lace Rosaroso, Erika Salciute, George Franke, Joanna Wong, Aparna George, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Emily Peasgood, Claire Phillips, Michelle Bates, Jo Dasgin, Jaspret Gill, Annette Nilsson, James Scriven, Carlos Castro Delgado, Deborah Dawson, Lijun Ding, Georgia Durrant, Obiageri Ezeobu, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Abiola Harrison, Rebecca Kanu, Susannah Leaver, Elena Maccacari, Soumendu Manna, Romina Pepermans Saluzzio, Joana Queiroz, Tinashe Samakomva, Christine Sicat, Joana Texeira, Edna Fernandes Da Gloria, Ana Lisboa, John Rawlins, Jisha Mathew, Ashley Kinch, William James Hurt, Nirav Shah, Victoria Clark, Maria Thanasi, Nikki Yun, Kamal Patel, Sara Bennett, Emma Goodwin, Matthew Jackson, Alissa Kent, Clare Tibke, Wiesia Woodyatt, Ahmed Zaki, Azmerelda Abraheem, Peter Bamford, Kathryn Cawley, Charlie Dunmore, Maria Faulkner, Rumanah Girach, Helen Jeffrey, Rhianna Jones, Emily London, Imrun Nagra, Farah Nasir, Hannah Sainsbury, Clare Smedley, Tahera Patel, Matthew Smith, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Aayesha Kazi, Janice Hartley, Joseph Dykes, Muhammad Hijazi, Sarah Keith, Meherunnisa Khan, Janet Ryan-Smith, Philippa Springle, Jacqueline Thomas, Nick Truman, Samuel Saad, Dabheoc Coleman, Christopher Fine, Roseanna Matt, Bethan Gay, Jack Dalziel, Syamlan Ali, Drew Goodchild, Rhiannan Harling, Ravi Bhatterjee, Wendy Goddard, Chloe Davison, Stephen Duberly, Jeanette Hargreaves, Rachel Bolton, Miriam Davey, David Golden, Rebecca Seaman, Shiney Cherian, Sean Cutler, Anne Emma Heron, Anna Roynon-Reed, Tamas Szakmany, Gemma Williams, 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Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, host genetics, toll-like receptor 7, targeted sequencing, rare variants, variant collapsing analysis, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Summary: Despite extensive global research into genetic predisposition for severe COVID-19, knowledge on the role of rare host genetic variants and their relation to other risk factors remains limited. Here, 52 genes with prior etiological evidence were sequenced in 1,772 severe COVID-19 cases and 5,347 population-based controls from Spain/Italy. Rare deleterious TLR7 variants were present in 2.4% of young (

Published
2024
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50. Active Learning Classroom Design and Student Engagement: An Exploratory Study

Author

Odum, Mary, Meaney, Karen S., and Knudson, Duane V.

Abstract

Three student engagement measures were collected for a class taught by an experienced instructor in two active learning classrooms with dissimilar seating arrangements. Student perception of engagement was similar between the learning spaces. However, instructor perception and researcher observation indicated greater engagement in the classroom with mobile tables compared to the classroom with mobile desks. STROBE classroom observations indicated qualitatively different student-to-student (8% greater), student-to- instructor (3% greater), and student self- (6.5% less) engagement in the mobile table classroom over the mobile desks classroom. Instructor and student perceptions may interact to affect student engagement with various designs of active learning classrooms.

Published
2021

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