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Performance of sound zone control (SZC) systems deployed in practical scenarios are highly sensitive to the location of the listener(s) and can degrade significantly when listener(s) are moving. This paper presents a robust SZC system that adapts to dynamic changes such as moving listeners and varying zone locations using a dictionary-based approach. The proposed system continuously monitors the environment and updates the fixed control filters by tracking the listener position using audio signals only. To test the effectiveness of the proposed SZC method, simulation studies are carried out using practically measured impulse responses. These studies show that SZC, when incorporated with the proposed audio-only position tracking scheme, achieves optimal performance when all listener positions are available in the dictionary. Moreover, even when not all listener positions are included in the dictionary, the method still provides good performance improvement compared to a traditional fixed filter SZC scheme., Comment: Equal contribution by Sankha Subhra Bhattacharjee and Andreas Jonas Fuglsig. Accepted at ICASSP 2025

Based on Welzl's algorithm for smallest circles and spheres we develop a simple linear time algorithm for finding the smallest circle enclosing a point cloud on a sphere. The algorithm yields correct results as long as the point cloud is contained in a hemisphere, but the hemisphere does not have to be known in advance and the algorithm automatically detects whether the hemisphere assumption is met. For the full-sphere case, that is, if the point cloud is not contained in a hemisphere, we provide hints on how to adapt existing linearithmic time algorithms for spherical Voronoi diagrams to find the smallest enclosing circle.

Insects represent half of all global biodiversity, yet many of the world's insects are disappearing, with severe implications for ecosystems and agriculture. Despite this crisis, data on insect diversity and abundance remain woefully inadequate, due to the scarcity of human experts and the lack of scalable tools for monitoring. Ecologists have started to adopt camera traps to record and study insects, and have proposed computer vision algorithms as an answer for scalable data processing. However, insect monitoring in the wild poses unique challenges that have not yet been addressed within computer vision, including the combination of long-tailed data, extremely similar classes, and significant distribution shifts. We provide the first large-scale machine learning benchmarks for fine-grained insect recognition, designed to match real-world tasks faced by ecologists. Our contributions include a curated dataset of images from citizen science platforms and museums, and an expert-annotated dataset drawn from automated camera traps across multiple continents, designed to test out-of-distribution generalization under field conditions. We train and evaluate a variety of baseline algorithms and introduce a combination of data augmentation techniques that enhance generalization across geographies and hardware setups., Comment: Published at ECCV 2024. The dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/RolnickLab/ami-dataset

During plastic deformation of metals and alloys, dislocations self-organise in cells, which subsequently continuously decrease in size. How and when these processes take place has remained elusive, because observations of the structural dynamics in the bulk have not been feasible. We here present X-ray diffraction microscopy movies of the structural evolution during tensile deformation of a mm-sized aluminium (111) single crystal. The formation and subsequent development of 40,000 cells are visualised. We reveal that cells form in a stochastic and isotropic manner already at 1% strain. We show that the cell size and dislocation density distributions are log-normal and bi-modal Gaussian distributions, respectively, throughout. This insight leads to an interpretation of the formation and evolution steps in terms of universal stochastic multiplicative processes. This work will guide dislocation dynamics modelling, as it provides unique results on cell formation.

In a physical system, changing parameters such as temperature can induce a phase transition: an abrupt change from one state of matter to another. Analogous phenomena have recently been observed in large language models. Typically, the task of identifying phase transitions requires human analysis and some prior understanding of the system to narrow down which low-dimensional properties to monitor and analyze. Statistical methods for the automated detection of phase transitions from data have recently been proposed within the physics community. These methods are largely system agnostic and, as shown here, can be adapted to study the behavior of large language models. In particular, we quantify distributional changes in the generated output via statistical distances, which can be efficiently estimated with access to the probability distribution over next-tokens. This versatile approach is capable of discovering new phases of behavior and unexplored transitions -- an ability that is particularly exciting in light of the rapid development of language models and their emergent capabilities., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease decreasing life quality through symptoms such as bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Endoscopy is a cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of UC. The Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) index is the standard for measuring UC severity during endoscopic evaluation. However, the MES is subject to high inter-observer variability leading to misdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment. We propose using a machine-learning based MES classification system to support the endoscopic process and to mitigate the observer-variability. The system runs real-time in the clinic and augments doctors' decision-making during the endoscopy. This project report outlines the process of designing, creating and evaluating our system. We describe our initial evaluation, which is a combination of a standard non-clinical model test and a first clinical test of the system on a real patient.

Efficiently solving nonlinear equations underpins numerous scientific and engineering disciplines, yet scaling these solutions for complex system models remains a challenge. This paper presents NonlinearSolve.jl - a suite of high-performance open-source nonlinear equation solvers implemented natively in the Julia programming language. NonlinearSolve.jl distinguishes itself by offering a unified API that accommodates a diverse range of solver specifications alongside features such as automatic algorithm selection based on runtime analysis, support for GPU-accelerated computation through static array kernels, and the utilization of sparse automatic differentiation and Jacobian-free Krylov methods for large-scale problem-solving. Through rigorous comparison with established tools such as Sundials and MINPACK, NonlinearSolve.jl demonstrates unparalleled robustness and efficiency, achieving significant advancements in solving benchmark problems and challenging real-world applications. The capabilities of NonlinearSolve.jl unlock new potentials in modeling and simulation across various domains, making it a valuable addition to the computational toolkit of researchers and practitioners alike.