Descriptor: "5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

78 results on '"5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics"'

1. First Simultaneous Determination of Inclusive and Exclusive <mml:math xmlns:mml='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' display='inline'><mml:mo stretchy='false'>|</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy='false'>|</mml:mo></mml:math>

Author: Cao, L., Bernlochner, F., Tackmann, K., Adachi, I., Aihara, H., Al Said, S., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Banerjee, Sw, Behera, P., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Campajola, M., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Das, S., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hedges, M. T., Herrmann, D., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Kalita, D., Kang, K. H., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lee, S. C., Lewis, P., Li, J., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Libby, J., Lin, Y. -R., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., Ma, Y., Martini, A., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Oskin, P., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pang, T., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shan, W., Shapkin, M., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Stottler, Z. S., Sumihama, M., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tiwary, R., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vossen, A., Wang, D., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Watanuki, S., Werbycka, O., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhukova, V., Cao, L., Bernlochner, F., Tackmann, K., Adachi, I., Aihara, H., Al Said, S., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bahinipati, S., Banerjee, Sw, Behera, P., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Campajola, M., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Cunliffe, S., Das, S., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hedges, M. T., Herrmann, D., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Kalita, D., Kang, K. H., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lee, S. C., Lewis, P., Li, J., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Libby, J., Lin, Y. -R., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., Ma, Y., Martini, A., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, K., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Oskin, P., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pang, T., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Rout, N., Rozanska, M., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shan, W., Shapkin, M., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Stottler, Z. S., Sumihama, M., Sutcliffe, W., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tiwary, R., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Uglov, T., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Varner, G., Varvell, K. E., Vossen, A., Wang, D., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Watanuki, S., Werbycka, O., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Published: 2023

2. Constraints on spin-0 dark matter mediators and invisible Higgs decays using ATLAS 13 TeV pp collision data with two top quarks and missing transverse momentum in the final state

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abeling, K, Abidi, SH, Aboulhorma, A, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Hoffman, ACA, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adam, L, Bourdarios, CA, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, SV, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agaras, MN, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Khoury, KA, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Verzini, MJA, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Camelia, EA, Estevez, MA, Alviggi, MG, Coutinho, YA, Ambler, A, Amelung, C, Ames, CG, Amidei, D, Santos, SPAD, Amoroso, S, Amos, KR, Amrouche, CS, Ananiev, V, Anastopoulos, C, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, JK, Andrean, SY, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Pozo, JAA, Aparo, MA, Bella, LA, Appelt, C, Aranzabal, N, Ferraz, VA, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, ATH, Arena, E, Arguin, JF, Aad, G [0000-0002-6665-4934], Abbott, B [0000-0002-5888-2734], Abbott, DC [0000-0002-7248-3203], Abeling, K [0000-0002-1002-1652], Abidi, SH [0000-0002-8496-9294], Aboulhorma, A [0000-0002-9987-2292], Abramowicz, H [0000-0001-5329-6640], Abreu, H [0000-0002-1599-2896], Abulaiti, Y [0000-0003-0403-3697], Hoffman, ACA [0000-0003-0762-7204], Acharya, BS [0000-0002-8588-9157], Achkar, B [0000-0002-0288-2567], Adam, L [0000-0001-6005-2812], Bourdarios, CA [0000-0002-2634-4958], Adamczyk, L [0000-0002-5859-2075], Adamek, L [0000-0003-1562-3502], Addepalli, SV [0000-0002-2919-6663], Adelman, J [0000-0002-1041-3496], Adiguzel, A [0000-0001-6644-0517], Adorni, S [0000-0003-3620-1149], Adye, T [0000-0003-0627-5059], Affolder, AA [0000-0002-9058-7217], Afik, Y [0000-0001-8102-356X], Agaras, MN [0000-0002-4355-5589], Agarwala, J [0000-0002-4754-7455], Aggarwal, A [0000-0002-1922-2039], Agheorghiesei, C [0000-0003-3695-1847], Aguilar-Saavedra, JA [0000-0002-5475-8920], Ahmad, A [0000-0001-8638-0582], Ahmed, WS [0000-0003-0128-3279], Ai, X [0000-0003-3856-2415], Aielli, G [0000-0002-0573-8114], Aizenberg, I [0000-0003-2150-1624], Akbiyik, M [0000-0002-7342-3130], Åkesson, TPA [0000-0003-4141-5408], Akimov, AV [0000-0002-2846-2958], Khoury, KA [0000-0002-0547-8199], Alberghi, GL [0000-0003-2388-987X], Albert, J [0000-0003-0253-2505], Albicocco, P [0000-0001-6430-1038], Verzini, MJA [0000-0003-2212-7830], Alderweireldt, S [0000-0002-8224-7036], Aleksa, M [0000-0002-1936-9217], Aleksandrov, IN [0000-0001-7381-6762], Alexa, C [0000-0003-0922-7669], Alexopoulos, T [0000-0002-8977-279X], Alfonsi, A [0000-0001-7406-4531], Alfonsi, F [0000-0002-0966-0211], Alhroob, M [0000-0001-7569-7111], Ali, B [0000-0001-8653-5556], Ali, S [0000-0001-5216-3133], Aliev, M [0000-0002-9012-3746], Alimonti, G [0000-0002-7128-9046], Allaire, C [0000-0003-4745-538X], Allbrooke, BMM [0000-0002-5738-2471], Allport, PP [0000-0001-7303-2570], Aloisio, A [0000-0002-3883-6693], Alonso, F [0000-0001-9431-8156], Alpigiani, C [0000-0002-7641-5814], Estevez, MA [0000-0002-8181-6532], Alviggi, MG [0000-0003-0026-982X], Coutinho, YA [0000-0002-1798-7230], Ambler, A [0000-0003-2184-3480], Ames, CG [0000-0002-2126-4246], Amidei, D [0000-0002-6814-0355], Santos, SPAD [0000-0001-7566-6067], Amoroso, S [0000-0001-5450-0447], Amos, KR [0000-0003-1757-5620], Ananiev, V [0000-0003-3649-7621], Anastopoulos, C [0000-0003-1587-5830], Andari, N [0000-0002-4935-4753], Andeen, T [0000-0002-4413-871X], Anders, JK [0000-0002-1846-0262], Andrean, SY [0000-0002-9766-2670], Andreazza, A [0000-0001-5161-5759], Angelidakis, S [0000-0002-8274-6118], Angerami, A [0000-0001-7834-8750], Anisenkov, AV [0000-0002-7201-5936], Annovi, A [0000-0002-4649-4398], Antel, C [0000-0001-9683-0890], Anthony, MT [0000-0002-5270-0143], Antipov, E [0000-0002-6678-7665], Antonelli, M [0000-0002-2293-5726], Antrim, DJA [0000-0001-8084-7786], Anulli, F [0000-0003-2734-130X], Aoki, M [0000-0001-7498-0097], Pozo, JAA [0000-0001-7401-4331], Aparo, MA [0000-0003-4675-7810], Bella, LA [0000-0003-3942-1702], Appelt, C [0000-0003-1205-6784], Aranzabal, N [0000-0001-9013-2274], Ferraz, VA [0000-0003-1177-7563], Arcangeletti, C [0000-0001-8648-2896], Arce, ATH [0000-0002-7255-0832], Arena, E [0000-0001-5970-8677], Arguin, JF [0000-0003-0229-3858], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: This paper presents a statistical combination of searches targeting final states with two top quarks and invisible particles, characterised by the presence of zero, one or two leptons, at least one jet originating from a b-quark and missing transverse momentum. The analyses are searches for phenomena beyond the Standard Model consistent with the direct production of dark matter in pp collisions at the LHC, using 139 fb$$^{-\text {1}}$$ - 1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The results are interpreted in terms of simplified dark matter models with a spin-0 scalar or pseudoscalar mediator particle. In addition, the results are interpreted in terms of upper limits on the Higgs boson invisible branching ratio, where the Higgs boson is produced according to the Standard Model in association with a pair of top quarks. For scalar (pseudoscalar) dark matter models, with all couplings set to unity, the statistical combination extends the mass range excluded by the best of the individual channels by 50 (25) GeV, excluding mediator masses up to 370 GeV. In addition, the statistical combination improves the expected coupling exclusion reach by 14% (24%), assuming a scalar (pseudoscalar) mediator mass of 10 GeV. An upper limit on the Higgs boson invisible branching ratio of 0.38 ($$\text {0.30}^{+\text {0.13}}_{-\text {0.09}}$$ 0.30 - 0.09 + 0.13 ) is observed (expected) at 95% confidence level.
Published: 2023

3. A search for new resonances in multiple final states with a high transverse momentum Z boson in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abeling, K, Abidi, SH, Aboulhorma, A, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Abusleme Hoffman, AC, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adam Bourdarios, C, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, SV, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agaras, MN, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ahuja, S, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alkakhi, W, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alunno Camelia, E, Alvarez Estevez, M, Alviggi, MG, Aly, M, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Ambler, A, Amelung, C, Amerl, M, Ames, CG, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amoroso, S, Amos, KR, Ananiev, V, Anastopoulos, C, Andeen, T, Anders, JK, Andrean, SY, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aoki, T, Aparisi Pozo, JA, Aparo, MA, Aperio Bella, L, Appelt, C, Aranzabal, N, Araujo Ferraz, V, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, ATH, Arena, E, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: A generic search for resonances is performed with events containing a Z boson with transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV, decaying into e+e− or μ+μ−. The analysed data collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Two invariant mass distributions are examined for a localised excess relative to the expected Standard Model background in six independent event categories (and their inclusive sum) to increase the sensitivity. No significant excess is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are derived for two cases: a model-independent interpretation of Gaussian-shaped resonances with the mass width between 3% and 10% of the resonance mass, and a specific heavy vector triplet model with the decay mode W′ → ZW →ℓℓqq.
Published: 2023

4. Measurement of the Z boson production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV

Author: Aaij, R, Abdelmotteleb, ASW, Abellan Beteta, C, Abudinén, F, Ackernley, T, Adeva, B, Adinolfi, M, Afsharnia, H, Agapopoulou, C, Aidala, CA, Aiola, S, Ajaltouni, Z, Akar, S, Akiba, K, Albrecht, J, Alessio, F, Alexander, M, Alfonso Albero, A, Aliouche, Z, Alvarez Cartelle, P, Amalric, R, Amato, S, Amey, JL, Amhis, Y, An, L, Anderlini, L, Andersson, M, Andreianov, A, Andreotti, M, Andreou, D, Ao, D, Archilli, F, Artamonov, A, Artuso, M, Aslanides, E, Atzeni, M, Audurier, B, Bachmann, S, Bachmayer, M, Back, JJ, Bailly-reyre, A, Baladron Rodriguez, P, Balagura, V, Baldini, W, Baptista de Souza Leite, J, Barbetti, M, Barlow, RJ, Barsuk, S, Barter, W, Bartolini, M, Baryshnikov, F, Basels, JM, Bassi, G, Batsukh, B, Battig, A, Bay, A, Beck, A, Becker, M, Bedeschi, F, Bediaga, IB, Beiter, A, Belavin, V, Belin, S, Bellee, V, Belous, K, Belov, I, Belyaev, I, Bencivenni, G, Ben-Haim, E, Berezhnoy, A, Bernet, R, Berninghoff, D, Bernstein, HC, Bertella, C, Bertolin, A, Betancourt, C, Betti, F, Bezshyiko, I, Bhasin, S, Bhom, J, Bian, L, Bieker, MS, Biesuz, NV, Bifani, S, Billoir, P, Biolchini, A, Birch, M, Bishop, FCR, Bitadze, A, Bizzeti, A, Blago, MP, Blake, T, Blanc, F, Blusk, S, Bobulska, D, Boelhauve, JA, Boente Garcia, O, Boettcher, T, Boldyrev, A, Bolognani, CS, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 4902 Mathematical Physics, 49 Mathematical Sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: This article presents the first measurement of the differential Z-boson production cross-section in the forward region using proton-lead collisions with the LHCb detector. The dataset was collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 8.16 TeV in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30.8 nb−1. The forward-backward ratio and the nuclear modification factors are measured together with the differential cross-section as functions of the Z boson rapidity in the centre-of-mass frame, the transverse momentum of the Z boson and a geometric variable ϕ*. The results are in good agreement with the predictions from nuclear parton distribution functions, providing strong constraining power at small Bjorken-x.
Published: 2023

5. Measurement of the top-quark mass using a leptonic invariant mass in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abed Abud, A, Abeling, K, Abhayasinghe, DK, Abidi, SH, AbouZeid, OS, Abraham, NL, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adachi, S, Adam, L, Adam Bourdarios, C, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Adelman, J, Adersberger, M, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agapopoulou, C, Agaras, MN, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Akatsuka, S, Åkesson, TPA, Akilli, E, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Alconada Verzini, MJ, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allen, BW, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alshehri, AA, Alunno Camelia, E, Alvarez Estevez, M, Alviggi, MG, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Ambler, A, Ambroz, L, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amoroso, S, Amrouche, CS, An, F, Anastopoulos, C, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, CF, Anders, JK, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, Anelli, CR, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aparisi Pozo, JA, Aperio Bella, L, Araque, JP, Araujo Ferraz, V, Araujo Pereira, R, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, ATH, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 4902 Mathematical Physics, 49 Mathematical Sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: A measurement of the top-quark mass (mt) in the $$ t\overline{t} $$ t t ¯ → lepton + jets channel is presented, with an experimental technique which exploits semileptonic decays of b-hadrons produced in the top-quark decay chain. The distribution of the invariant mass mℓμ of the lepton, ℓ (with ℓ = e, μ), from the W-boson decay and the muon, μ, originating from the b-hadron decay is reconstructed, and a binned-template profile likelihood fit is performed to extract mt. The measurement is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV pp collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The measured value of the top-quark mass is mt = 174.41 ± 0.39 (stat.) ± 0.66 (syst.) ± 0.25 (recoil) GeV, where the third uncertainty arises from changing the Pythia8 parton shower gluon-recoil scheme, used in top-quark decays, to a recently developed setup.
Published: 2023

6. Measurement of the total and differential Higgs boson production cross-sections at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector by combining the H → ZZ * → 4ℓ and H → γγ decay channels

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abeling, K, Abidi, SH, Aboulhorma, A, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Abusleme Hoffman, AC, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adam Bourdarios, C, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, SV, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agaras, MN, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ahuja, S, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alkakhi, W, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alunno Camelia, E, Alvarez Estevez, M, Alviggi, MG, Aly, M, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Ambler, A, Amelung, C, Amerl, M, Ames, CG, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amoroso, S, Amos, KR, Ananiev, V, Anastopoulos, C, Andeen, T, Anders, JK, Andrean, SY, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aoki, T, Aparisi Pozo, JA, Aparo, MA, Aperio Bella, L, Appelt, C, Aranzabal, N, Araujo Ferraz, V, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, ATH, Arena, E, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: The total and differential Higgs boson production cross-sections are measured through a combined statistical analysis of the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ and H → γγ decay channels. The results are based on a dataset of 139 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measured total Higgs boson production cross-section is $$ {55.5}_{-3.8}^{+4.0} $$ 55.5 − 3.8 + 4.0 pb, consistent with the Standard Model prediction of 55.6 ± 2.5 pb. All results from the two decay channels are compatible with each other, and their combination agrees with the Standard Model predictions. A combined statistical interpretation of the measured fiducial cross-sections as a function of the Higgs boson transverse momentum is performed in order to probe the Yukawa couplings to the bottom and charm quarks. A similar interpretation is performed by including also the constraints from the measurements of Higgs boson production in association with a W or Z boson in the H →$$ b\overline{b} $$ b b ¯ and $$ c\overline{c} $$ c c ¯ decay channels.
Published: 2023

7. Infrared-safe flavoured anti-kT jets

Author: Czakon, M, Mitov, A, Poncelet, R, Poncelet, R [0000-0003-4889-9396], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: Flavour tagging is technically challenging on the experimental side. However, it suffers from a more fundamental problem from the theoretical point of view, in particular when implemented in fixed-order perturbation theory. It turns out that an infrared-safe definition of a flavoured jet is intricate due to the singularities induced by the emission of flavoured quark-anti-quark pairs of negligible energy. Although this issue has been addressed by a modification of the standard kT jet algorithm, the situation is not entirely satisfactory as most measurements rather use the anti-kT jet algorithm. In this work, we propose a flavour-aware infrared-safe modification of the anti-kT jet algorithm that is easy to implement within perturbative Monte Carlo frameworks and has minor impact on jet phenomenology when flavour tagging is not required. Besides the numerical verification of the infrared safety of the proposed algorithm at next-to-next-to-leading order, we also present results for the hadro-production of a lepton pair in association with a b-jet, and of a top-quark pair decaying into b-jets and leptons.
Published: 2023

8. Differential tt¯ cross-section measurements using boosted top quarks in the all-hadronic final state with 139 fb −1 of ATLAS data

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abed Abud, A, Abeling, K, Abhayasinghe, DK, Abidi, SH, Aboulhorma, A, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Abusleme Hoffman, AC, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adam, L, Adam Bourdarios, C, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, SV, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agapopoulou, C, Agaras, MN, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akatsuka, S, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Alconada Verzini, MJ, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alunno Camelia, E, Alvarez Estevez, M, Alviggi, MG, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Ambler, A, Ambroz, L, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amoroso, S, Amos, KR, Amrouche, CS, Ananiev, V, Anastopoulos, C, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, JK, Andrean, SY, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aparisi Pozo, JA, Aparo, MA, Aperio Bella, L, Aranzabal, N, Araujo Ferraz, V, Arcangeletti, C, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 4902 Mathematical Physics, 49 Mathematical Sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: Measurements of single-, double-, and triple-differential cross-sections are presented for boosted top-quark pair-production in 13 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The top quarks are observed through their hadronic decay and reconstructed as large-radius jets with the leading jet having transverse momentum (pT) greater than 500 GeV. The observed data are unfolded to remove detector effects. The particle-level cross-section, multiplied by the $$ t\overline{t}\to WWb\overline{b} $$ t t ¯ → WWb b ¯ branching fraction and measured in a fiducial phase space defined by requiring the leading and second-leading jets to have pT> 500 GeV and pT> 350 GeV, respectively, is 331 ± 3(stat.) ± 39(syst.) fb. This is approximately 20% lower than the prediction of $$ {398}_{-49}^{+48} $$ 398 − 49 + 48 fb by Powheg+Pythia 8 with next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy but consistent within the theoretical uncertainties. Results are also presented at the parton level, where the effects of top-quark decay, parton showering, and hadronization are removed such that they can be compared with fixed-order next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) calculations. The parton-level cross-section, measured in a fiducial phase space similar to that at particle level, is 1.94 ± 0.02(stat.) ± 0.25(syst.) pb. This agrees with the NNLO prediction of $$ {1.96}_{-0.17}^{+0.02} $$ 1.96 − 0.17 + 0.02 pb. Reasonable agreement with the differential cross-sections is found for most NLO models, while the NNLO calculations are generally in better agreement with the data. The differential cross-sections are interpreted using a Standard Model effective field-theory formalism and limits are set on Wilson coefficients of several four-fermion operators.
Published: 2023

9. Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

Author: Abed Abud, A, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, MA, Adames, MR, Adamov, G, Adamowski, M, Adams, D, Adinolfi, M, Adriano, C, Aduszkiewicz, A, Aguilar, J, Ahmad, Z, Ahmed, J, Aimard, B, Akbar, F, Allison, K, Alonso Monsalve, S, Alrashed, M, Alt, C, Alton, A, Alvarez, R, Amedo, P, Anderson, J, Andrade, DA, Andreopoulos, C, Andreotti, M, Andrews, MP, Andrianala, F, Andringa, S, Anfimov, N, Anicézio Campanelli, WL, Ankowski, A, Antoniassi, M, Antonova, M, Antoshkin, A, Antusch, S, Aranda-Fernandez, A, Arellano, L, Arnold, LO, Arroyave, MA, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Asquith, L, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Ayala-Torres, M, Azfar, F, Back, A, Back, H, Back, JJ, Bagaturia, I, Bagby, L, Balashov, N, Balasubramanian, S, Baldi, P, Baldini, W, Baller, B, Bambah, B, Barao, F, Barenboim, G, Barham Alzás, P, Barker, GJ, Barkhouse, W, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, A, Barros, N, Barrow, JL, Basharina-Freshville, A, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Batchelor, C, Battat, JBR, Battisti, F, Bay, F, Bazetto, MCQ, Bazo Alba, JLL, Beacom, JF, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Belchior, E, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Benekos, N, Benitez Montiel, C, Benjamin, D, Bento Neves, F, Berger, J, Berkman, S, Bernardini, P, Berner, RM, Bersani, A, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Betancur Rodríguez, A, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Bioengineering, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype.
Published: 2023

10. NNLO QCD corrections to event shapes at the LHC

Author: Alvarez, M, Cantero, J, Czakon, M, Llorente, J, Mitov, A, Poncelet, R, Poncelet, R [0000-0003-4889-9396], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Specific QCD Phenomenology, Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations, FOS: Physical sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this work we perform the first ever calculation of jet event shapes at hadron colliders at next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) in QCD. The inclusion of higher order corrections removes the shape difference observed between data and next-to-leading order predictions. The theory uncertainty at NNLO is comparable to, or slightly larger than, existing measurements. Except for narrow kinematical ranges where all-order resummation becomes important, the NNLO predictions for the event shapes considered in the present work are reliable. As a prime application of the results derived in this work we provide a detailed investigation of the prospects for the precision determination of the strong coupling constant and its running through TeV scales from LHC data., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, numerical results are provided here: https://www.precision.hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/results/hf-jets ; v2: updated references and acknowledgements, minor textual changes
Published: 2023

11. A First Application of Collaborative Learning In Particle Physics

Author: Stefano Vergani, Attila Bagoly, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: History, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Over the last ten years, the popularity of Machine Learning (ML) has grown exponentially in all scientific fields, including particle physics. The industry has also developed new powerful tools that, imported into academia, could revolutionise research. One recent industry development that has not yet come to the attention of the particle physics community is Collaborative Learning (CL), a framework that allows training the same ML model with different datasets. This work explores the potential of CL, testing the library Colearn with neutrino physics simulation. Colearn, developed by the British Cambridge-based firm Fetch.AI, enables decentralised machine learning tasks. Being a blockchain-mediated CL system, it allows multiple stakeholders to build a shared ML model without needing to rely on a central authority. A generic Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber (LArTPC) has been simulated and images produced by fictitious neutrino interactions have been used to produce several datasets. These datasets, called learners, participated successfully in training a Deep Learning (DL) Keras model using blockchain technologies in a decentralised way. This test explores the feasibility of training a single ML model using different simulation datasets coming from different research groups. In this work, we also discuss a framework that instead makes different ML models compete against each other on the same dataset. The final goal is then to train the most performant ML model across the entire scientific community for a given experiment, either using all of the datasets available or selecting the model which performs best among every model developed in the community., Comment: Accepted for ACAT 2021 conference proceedings
Published: 2023
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12. Self-organised localisation

Author: Gian F. Giudice, Matthew McCullough, Tevong You, You, T [0000-0003-2391-7463], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum phase transition, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Higgs Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmological constant, QC770-798, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Naturalness, Quantum cosmology, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Physics, Inflation (cosmology), hep-th, hep-ph, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Beyond Standard Model, astro-ph.CO, Higgs boson, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Scalar field, Particle Physics - Theory, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe a new phenomenon in quantum cosmology: self-organised localisation. When the fundamental parameters of a theory are functions of a scalar field subject to large fluctuations during inflation, quantum phase transitions can act as dynamical attractors. As a result, the theory parameters are probabilistically localised around the critical value and the Universe finds itself at the edge of a phase transition. We illustrate how self-organised localisation could account for the observed near-criticality of the Higgs self-coupling, the naturalness of the Higgs mass, or the smallness of the cosmological constant., 104 pages, 12 figures. v3: Measure problem discussion extended and references added. Version to be published in JHEP
Published: 2021

13. R-matrix electron-impact excitation data for the H- and He-like ions with Z=6-30

Author: Junjie Mao, G. Del Zanna, Liyi Gu, C. Y. Zhang, N. R. Badnell, Mao, J [0000-0001-7557-9713], Del Zanna, G [0000-0002-4125-0204], Gu, L [0000-0001-9911-7038], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 51 Physical Sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Laboratory Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Software, and Data, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Plasma models built on extensive atomic data are essential to interpreting the observed cosmic spectra. H-like Lyman series and He-like triplets observable in the X-ray band are powerful diagnostic lines to measure the physical properties of various types of astrophysical plasmas. Electron-impact excitation is a fundamental atomic process for the formation of H-like and He-like key diagnostic lines. Electron-impact excitation data adopted by the widely used plasma codes (AtomDB, CHIANTI, and SPEX) do not necessarily agree with each other. Here we present a systematic calculation of electron-impact excitation data of H-like and He-like ions with the atomic number Z=6-30 (i.e., C to Zn). Radiation damped R-matrix intermediate coupling frame transformation calculation was performed for each ion with configurations up to $n=6$. We compare the present work with the above three plasma codes and literature to assess the quality of the new data, which are relevant for current and future high-resolution X-ray spectrometers., ApJS accepted
Published: 2022

14. Anomalies of non-Abelian finite groups via cobordism

Author: Davighi, Joe, Gripaios, Ben, Nakarin Lohitsiri, Davighi, Joe [0000-0003-1002-0972], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 4902 Mathematical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 4904 Pure Mathematics, Discrete Symmetries, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Topological Field Theories, FOS: Mathematics, 49 Mathematical Sciences, Algebraic Topology (math.AT), Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Theories of Flavour, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We use cobordism theory to analyse anomalies of finite non-abelian symmetries in 4 spacetime dimensions. By applying the method of `anomaly interplay', which uses functoriality of cobordism and naturality of the $\eta$-invariant to relate anomalies in a group of interest to anomalies in other (finite or compact Lie) groups, we derive the anomaly for every representation in many examples motivated by flavour physics, including $S_3$, $A_4$, $Q_8$, and $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$. In the case of finite abelian groups, it is well known that anomalies can be `truncated' in a way that has no effect on low-energy physics, by means of a group extension. We extend this idea to non-abelian symmetries. We show, for example, that a system with $A_4$ symmetry can be rendered anomaly-free, with only one-third as many fermions as na\"ively required, by passing to a larger symmetry. As another example, we find that a well-known model of quark and lepton masses utilising the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$ symmetry is anomalous, but that the anomaly can be cancelled by enlarging the symmetry to a $\mathbb{Z}/3$ extension of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{F}_3)$., Comment: 48 pages. Added Appendix deriving the spin-TQFTs for a theory with Q8-structure. Matches version published in JHEP
Published: 2022

15. Measurements of observables sensitive to colour reconnection in $t\bar{t}$ events with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, D.C, Abeling, K, Abidi, S.H, Aboulhorma, A, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Abusleme Hoffman, A.C, Acharya, B.S, Achkar, B, Bourdarios, C.Adam, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, S.V, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, A.A, Afik, Y, Agaras, M.N, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, W.S, Ahuja, S, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, T.P. A, Akimov, A.V, Khoury, K.Al, Alberghi, G.L, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, I.N, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Alkakhi, W, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, B.M. M, Allport, P.P, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Camelia, E.Alunno, Estevez, M.Alvarez, Alviggi, M.G, Aly, M, Coutinho, Y.Amaral, Ambler, A, Amelung, C, Amerl, M, Ames, C.G, Amidei, D, Amor dos Santos, S.P, Amoroso, S, Amos, K.R, Ananiev, V, Anastopoulos, C, Andeen, T, Anders, J.K, Andrean, S.Y, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, A.V, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, M.T, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, D.J. A, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aoki, T, Aparisi Pozo, J.A, Aparo, M.A, Bella, L.Aperio, Appelt, C, Aranzabal, N, Ferraz, V.Araujo, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, A.T. H, Arena, E, Arguin, J-F, Argyropoulos, S, Arling, J.H, Armbruster, A.J, Arnaez, O, Arnold, H, Tame, Z.P. Arrubarrena, Artoni, G, Asada, H, Asai, K, Asai, S, Asbah, N.A, Assahsah, J, Assamagan, K, Astalos, R, Atkin, R.J, Atkinson, M, Atlay, N.B, Atmani, H, Atmasiddha, P.A, Augsten, K, Auricchio, S, Auriol, A.D, Austrup, V.A, Avner, G, Avolio, G, Axiotis, K, Ayoub, M.K, Azuelos, G, Babal, D, Bachacou, H, Bachas, K, Bachiu, A, Backman, F, Badea, A, Bagnaia, P, Bahmani, M, Bailey, A.J, Bailey, V.R, Baines, J.T, Bakalis, C, Baker, O.K, Bakker, P.J, Bakos, E, Gupta, D.Bakshi, Balaji, S, Balasubramanian, R, Baldin, E.M, Balek, P, Ballabene, E, Balli, F, Baltes, L.M, Balunas, W.K, Balz, J, Banas, E, Bandieramonte, M, Bandyopadhyay, A, Bansal, S, Barak, L, Barberio, E.L, Barberis, D, Barbero, M, Barbour, G, Barends, K.N, Barillari, T, Barisits, M-S, Barklow, T, Barnett, R.M, Baron, P, Baron Moreno, D.A, Baroncelli, A, Barone, G, Barr, A.J, Navarro, L.Barranco, Barreiro, F, da Costa, J.Barreiro Guimarães, Barron, U, Barros Teixeira, M.G, Barsov, S, Bartels, F, Bartoldus, R, Barton, A.E, Bartos, P, Basalaev, A, Basan, A, Baselga, M, Bashta, I, Bassalat, A, Basso, M.J, Basson, C.R, Bates, R.L, Batlamous, S, Batley, J.R, Batool, B, Battaglia, M, Battulga, D, Bauce, M, Bauer, P, Bayirli, A, Beacham, J.B, Beau, T, Beauchemin, P.H, Becherer, F, Bechtle, P, Beck, H.P, Becker, K, Beddall, A.J, Bednyakov, V.A, Bee, C.P, Beemster, L.J, Beermann, T.A, Begalli, M, Begel, M, Behera, A, Behr, J.K, da Cruz E.Silva, C.Beirao, Beirer, J.F, Beisiegel, F, Belfkir, M, Bella, G, Bellagamba, L, Bellerive, A, Bellos, P, Beloborodov, K, Belotskiy, K, Belyaev, N.L, Benchekroun, D, Bendebba, F, Benhammou, Y, Benjamin, D.P, Benoit, M, Bensinger, J.R, Bentvelsen, S, Beresford, L, Beretta, M, Berge, D, Kuutmann, E.Bergeaas, Berger, N, Bergmann, B, Beringer, J, Berlendis, S, Bernardi, G, Bernius, C, Bernlochner, F.U, Berry, T, Berta, P, Berthold, A, Bertram, I.A, Bethke, S, Betti, A, Bevan, A.J, Bhamjee, M, Bhatta, S, Bhattacharya, D.S, Bhattarai, P, Bhopatkar, V.S, Bi, R, Bianchi, R.M, Biebel, O, Bielski, R, Biglietti, M, Billoud, T.R. V, Bindi, M, Bingul, A, Bini, C, Biondi, S, Biondini, A, Birch-Sykes, C.J, Bird, G.A, Birman, M, Bisanz, T, Bisceglie, E, Biswas, D, Bitadze, A, Bjørke, K, Bloch, I, Blocker, C, Blue, A, Blumenschein, U, Blumenthal, J, Bobbink, G.J, Bobrovnikov, V.S, Boehler, M, Bogavac, D, Bogdanchikov, A.G, Bohm, C, Boisvert, V, Bokan, P, Bold, T, Bomben, M, Bona, M, Boonekamp, M, Booth, C.D, Borbély, A.G, Borecka-Bielska, H.M, Borgna, L.S, Borissov, G, Bortoletto, D, Boscherini, D, Bosman, M, Bossio Sola, J.D, Bouaouda, K, Bouchhar, N, Boudreau, J, Bouhova-Thacker, E.V, Boumediene, D, Bouquet, R, Boveia, A, Boyd, J, Boye, D, Boyko, I.R, Bracinik, J, Brahimi, N, Brandt, G, Brandt, O, Braren, F, Brau, B, Brau, J.E, Brendlinger, K, Brener, R, Brenner, L, Brenner, R, Bressler, S, Brickwedde, B, Britton, D, Britzger, D, Brock, I, Brooijmans, G, Brooks, W.K, Brost, E, Bruckler, T.L, de Renstrom, P.A. Bruckman, Brüers, B, Bruncko, D, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Bruschi, M, Bruscino, N, Bryngemark, L, Buanes, T, Buat, Q, Buchholz, P, Buckley, A.G, Budagov, I.A, Bugge, M.K, Bulekov, O, Bullard, B.A, Burdin, S, Burgard, C.D, Burger, A.M, Burghgrave, B, Burr, J.T. P, Burton, C.D, Burzynski, J.C, Busch, E.L, Büscher, V, Bussey, P.J, Butler, J.M, Buttar, C.M, Butterworth, J.M, Buttinger, W, Vazquez, C.J. Buxo, Buzykaev, A.R, Cabras, G, Urbán, S.Cabrera, Caforio, D, Cai, H, Cai, Y, Cairo, V.M. M, Cakir, O, Calace, N, Calafiura, P, Calderini, G, Calfayan, P, Callea, G, Caloba, L.P, Calvet, D, Calvet, S, Calvet, T.P, Calvetti, M, Toro, R.Camacho, Camarda, S, Munoz, D.Camarero, Camarri, P, Camerlingo, M.T, Cameron, D, Camincher, C, Campanelli, M, Camplani, A, Canale, V, Canesse, A, Bret, M.Cano, Cantero, J, Cao, Y, Capocasa, F, Capua, M, Carbone, A, Cardarelli, R, Cardenas, J.C. J, Cardillo, F, Carli, T, Carlino, G, Carlotto, J.I, Carlson, B.T, Carlson, E.M, Carminati, L, Carnesale, M, Caron, S, Carquin, E, Carrá, S, Carratta, G, Argos, F.Carrio, Carter, J.W. 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M, Wilbern, D.J, Wilkens, H.G, Williams, D.M, Williams, H.H, Williams, S, Willocq, S, Windischhofer, P.J, Winklmeier, F, Winter, B.T, Winter, J.K, Wittgen, M, Wobisch, M, Wölker, R, Wollrath, J, Wolter, M.W, Wolters, H, Wong, V.W. S, Wongel, A.F, Worm, S.D, Wosiek, B.K, Woźniak, K.W, Wraight, K, Wu, J, Wu, M, Wu, S.L, Wu, X, Wu, Y, Wu, Z, Wuerzinger, J, Wyatt, T.R, Wynne, B.M, Xella, S, Xia, L, Xia, M, Xiang, J, Xiao, X, Xie, M, Xie, X, Xin, S, Xiong, J, Xiotidis, I, Xu, D, Xu, H, Xu, L, Xu, R, Xu, T, Xu, W, Xu, Y, Xu, Z, Yabsley, B, Yacoob, S, Yamaguchi, N, Yamaguchi, Y, Yamauchi, H, Yamazaki, T, Yamazaki, Y, Yan, J, Yan, S, Yan, Z, Yang, H.J, Yang, H.T, Yang, S, Yang, T, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yao, W-M, Yap, Y.C, Ye, H, Ye, J, Ye, S, Ye, X, Yeh, Y, Yeletskikh, I, Yeo, B.K, Yexley, M.R, Yin, P, Yorita, K, Young, C.J. S, Young, C, Yuan, M, Yuan, R, Yue, L, Yue, X, Zaazoua, M, Zabinski, B, Zaid, E, Zakareishvili, T, Zakharchuk, N, Zambito, S, Zamora Saa, J.A, Zang, J, Zanzi, D, Zaplatilek, O, Zeißner, S.V, Zeitnitz, C, Zeng, J.C, Zenger, D.T, Zenin, O, Ženiš, T, Zenz, S, Zerradi, S, Zerwas, D, Zhang, B, Zhang, D.F, Zhang, G, Zhang, J, Zhang, K, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, R, Zhang, S, Zhang, T, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, H, Zhao, P, Zhao, T, Zhao, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhemchugov, A, Zheng, X, Zheng, Z, Zhong, D, Zhou, B, Zhou, C, Zhou, H, Zhou, N, Zhou, Y, Zhu, C.G, Zhu, C, Zhu, H.L, Zhu, H, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, X, Zhukov, K, Zhulanov, V, Zimine, N.I, Zinsser, J, Ziolkowski, M, Živković, L, Zoccoli, A, Zoch, K, Zorbas, T.G, Zormpa, O, Zou, W, Zwalinski, L, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ATLAS, Aad, G [0000-0002-6665-4934], Abbott, B [0000-0002-5888-2734], Abbott, DC [0000-0002-7248-3203], Abeling, K 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Novak, T [0000-0002-3053-0913], Novgorodova, O [0000-0001-6536-0179], Novotny, L [0000-0001-5165-8425], Novotny, R [0000-0002-1630-694X], Nozka, L [0000-0002-8774-7099], Ntekas, K [0000-0001-9252-6509], De Moura Junior, NMJ Nunes [0000-0003-0828-6085], Oakham, FG [0000-0003-2866-1049], Ocariz, J [0000-0003-2262-0780], Ochi, A [0000-0002-2024-5609], Ochoa, I [0000-0001-6156-1790], Oerdek, S [0000-0001-8763-0096], Ogrodnik, A [0000-0002-6025-4833], Oh, A [0000-0001-9025-0422], Ohm, CC [0000-0002-8015-7512], Oide, H [0000-0002-2173-3233], Oishi, R [0000-0001-6930-7789], Ojeda, ML [0000-0002-3834-7830], Okazaki, Y [0000-0003-2677-5827], Okumura, Y [0000-0002-7613-5572], Seabra, LF Oleiro [0000-0002-9320-8825], Pino, SA Olivares [0000-0003-4616-6973], Damazio, D Oliveira [0000-0002-8601-2074], Goncalves, D Oliveira [0000-0002-1943-9561], Oliver, JL [0000-0002-0713-6627], Olsson, MJR [0000-0003-4154-8139], Olszewski, A [0000-0003-3368-5475], Olszowska, J [0000-0003-0520-9500], Öncel, ÖO 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[0000-0003-1882-5572], Theveneaux-Pelzer, T [0000-0002-9746-4172], Thielmann, O [0000-0001-9454-2481], Thomas, JP [0000-0001-6965-6604], Thompson, EA [0000-0001-7050-8203], Thompson, PD [0000-0002-6239-7715], Thomson, E [0000-0001-6031-2768], Thorpe, EJ [0000-0003-1594-9350], Tian, Y [0000-0001-8739-9250], Tikhomirov, V [0000-0002-9634-0581], Tikhonov, Yu A [0000-0002-8023-6448], Ting, EXL [0000-0002-5886-6339], Tipton, P [0000-0002-3698-3585], Tisserant, S [0000-0002-0294-6727], Tlou, SH [0000-0002-4934-1661], Tnourji, A [0000-0003-2674-9274], Todome, K [0000-0003-2445-1132], Todorova-Nova, S [0000-0003-2433-231X], Togawa, M [0000-0002-1128-4200], Tojo, J [0000-0003-4666-3208], Tokár, S [0000-0001-8777-0590], Tokushuku, K [0000-0002-8262-1577], Tombs, R [0000-0002-1824-034X], Tomoto, M [0000-0002-4603-2070], Tompkins, L [0000-0001-8127-9653], Topolnicki, KW [0000-0002-9312-1842], Tornambe, P [0000-0003-1129-9792], Torrence, E [0000-0003-2911-8910], Torres, H [0000-0003-0822-1206], 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[0000-0001-8212-6894], Tu, Y [0000-0002-5865-183X], Tudorache, A [0000-0001-6307-1437], Tudorache, V [0000-0001-5384-3843], Tuna, AN [0000-0002-7672-7754], Turchikhin, S [0000-0001-6506-3123], Cakir, I Turk [0000-0002-0726-5648], Turra, R [0000-0001-8740-796X], Turtuvshin, T [0000-0001-9471-8627], Tuts, PM [0000-0001-6131-5725], Tzamarias, S [0000-0002-8363-1072], Tzanis, P [0000-0001-6828-1599], Tzovara, E [0000-0002-0410-0055], Ukegawa, F [0000-0002-9813-7931], Poblete, PA Ulloa [0000-0002-0789-7581], Unal, G [0000-0001-8130-7423], Unal, M [0000-0002-1646-0621], Undrus, A [0000-0002-1384-286X], Unel, G [0000-0002-3274-6531], Urban, J [0000-0002-7633-8441], Urquijo, P [0000-0002-0887-7953], Usai, G [0000-0001-5032-7907], Ushioda, R [0000-0002-4241-8937], Usman, M [0000-0003-1950-0307], Uysal, Z [0000-0002-7110-8065], Vacavant, L [0000-0001-8964-0327], Vacek, V [0000-0001-9584-0392], Vachon, B [0000-0001-8703-6978], Vadla, KOH [0000-0001-6729-1584], Vafeiadis, T [0000-0003-1492-5007], Vaitkus, A [0000-0002-0393-666X], Valderanis, C [0000-0001-9362-8451], Santurio, E Valdes [0000-0001-9931-2896], Valente, M [0000-0002-0486-9569], Valentinetti, S [0000-0003-2044-6539], Valero, A [0000-0002-9776-5880], Vallier, A [0000-0002-5496-349X], Ferrer, JA Valls [0000-0002-3953-3117], Daalen, TR Van [0000-0002-2254-125X], Gemmeren, P Van [0000-0002-7227-4006], Rijnbach, M Van [0000-0003-3728-5102], Stroud, S Van [0000-0002-7969-0301], Vulpen, I Van [0000-0001-7074-5655], Vanadia, M [0000-0003-2684-276X], Vandelli, W [0000-0001-6581-9410], Vandenbroucke, M [0000-0001-9055-4020], Vandewall, ER [0000-0003-3453-6156], Vannicola, D [0000-0001-6814-4674], Vannoli, L [0000-0002-9866-6040], Vari, R [0000-0002-2814-1337], Varnes, EW [0000-0001-7820-9144], Varni, C [0000-0001-6733-4310], Varol, T [0000-0002-0697-5808], Varouchas, D [0000-0002-0734-4442], Varriale, L [0000-0003-4375-5190], Varvell, KE [0000-0003-1017-1295], Vasile, ME [0000-0001-8415-0759], Vasquez, GA 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[0000-0003-0616-7330], Wakasa, R [0000-0002-8438-7753], Wakida, M [0000-0002-5808-6228], Walbrecht, VM [0000-0002-7385-6139], Walder, J [0000-0002-9039-8758], Walker, R [0000-0001-8535-4809], Walkowiak, W [0000-0002-0385-3784], Wang, AM [0000-0001-8972-3026], Wang, AZ [0000-0003-2482-711X], Wang, C [0000-0001-9116-055X], Wang, C [0000-0002-8487-8480], Wang, H [0000-0003-3952-8139], Wang, J [0000-0002-5246-5497], Wang, R-J [0000-0002-5059-8456], Wang, R [0000-0001-9839-608X], Wang, R [0000-0001-8530-6487], Wang, SM [0000-0002-5821-4875], Wang, S [0000-0001-6681-8014], Wang, T [0000-0002-1152-2221], Wang, WT [0000-0002-7184-9891], Wang, X [0000-0002-6229-1945], Wang, X [0000-0002-2411-7399], Wang, X [0000-0001-5173-2234], Wang, Y [0000-0003-2693-3442], Wang, Y [0000-0003-4693-5365], Wang, Z [0000-0002-0928-2070], Wang, Z [0000-0002-9862-3091], Wang, Z [0000-0003-0756-0206], Warburton, A [0000-0002-2298-7315], Ward, RJ [0000-0001-5530-9919], Warrack, N [0000-0002-8268-8325], Watson, AT [0000-0001-7052-7973], Watson, H [0000-0003-3704-5782], Watson, MF [0000-0002-9724-2684], Watts, G [0000-0002-0753-7308], Waugh, BM [0000-0003-0872-8920], Webb, AF [0000-0002-6700-7608], Weber, C [0000-0002-8659-5767], Weber, HA [0000-0002-5074-0539], Weber, MS [0000-0002-2770-9031], Weber, SM [0000-0002-2841-1616], Wei, Y [0000-0001-9725-2316], Weidberg, AR [0000-0002-5158-307X], Weingarten, J [0000-0003-2165-871X], Weirich, M [0000-0002-5129-872X], Weiser, C [0000-0002-6456-6834], Wells, CJ [0000-0002-5450-2511], Wenaus, T [0000-0002-8678-893X], Wendland, B [0000-0003-1623-3899], Wengler, T [0000-0002-4375-5265], Wermes, N [0000-0001-9971-0077], Wessels, M [0000-0002-8192-8999], Whalen, K [0000-0002-9383-8763], Wharton, AM [0000-0002-9507-1869], White, AS [0000-0003-0714-1466], White, A [0000-0001-8315-9778], White, MJ [0000-0001-5474-4580], Whiteson, D [0000-0002-2005-3113], Wickremasinghe, L [0000-0002-2711-4820], Wiedenmann, W [0000-0003-3605-3633], Wiel, C [0000-0003-1995-9185], Wielers, M [0000-0001-9232-4827], Wiglesworth, C [0000-0001-6219-8946], Wiik-Fuchs, LAM [0000-0002-5035-8102], Wilkens, HG [0000-0002-8483-9502], Williams, DM [0000-0002-5646-1856], Williams, S [0000-0001-6174-401X], Willocq, S [0000-0002-4120-1453], Windischhofer, PJ [0000-0001-5038-1399], Winklmeier, F [0000-0001-8290-3200], Winter, BT [0000-0001-9606-7688], Winter, JK [0000-0002-6166-6979], Wobisch, M [0000-0002-0688-3380], Wölker, R [0000-0002-7402-369X], Wolter, MW [0000-0001-9184-2921], Wolters, H [0000-0002-9588-1773], Wong, VWS [0000-0001-5975-8164], Wongel, AF [0000-0002-6620-6277], Worm, SD [0000-0002-3865-4996], Wosiek, BK [0000-0003-4273-6334], Woźniak, KW [0000-0003-1171-0887], Wraight, K [0000-0002-3298-4900], Wu, J [0000-0002-3173-0802], Wu, M [0000-0002-5252-2375], Wu, SL [0000-0001-5866-1504], Wu, X [0000-0001-7655-389X], Wu, Y [0000-0002-1528-4865], Wu, Z [0000-0002-5392-902X], Wuerzinger, J [0000-0002-4055-218X], Wyatt, TR [0000-0001-9690-2997], Wynne, BM [0000-0001-9895-4475], Xella, S [0000-0002-0988-1655], Xia, L [0000-0003-3073-3662], Xiang, J [0000-0002-7684-8257], Xiao, X [0000-0002-1344-8723], Xie, M [0000-0001-6707-5590], Xie, X [0000-0001-6473-7886], Xin, S [0000-0002-7153-4750], Xiong, J [0000-0002-4853-7558], Xu, D [0000-0001-6355-2767], Xu, H [0000-0001-6110-2172], Xu, L [0000-0001-8997-3199], Xu, R [0000-0002-1928-1717], Xu, T [0000-0002-0215-6151], Xu, W [0000-0001-5661-1917], Xu, Y [0000-0001-9563-4804], Xu, Z [0000-0001-9571-3131], Xu, Z [0000-0001-9602-4901], Yabsley, B [0000-0002-2680-0474], Yacoob, S [0000-0001-6977-3456], Yamaguchi, N [0000-0002-6885-282X], Yamaguchi, Y [0000-0002-3725-4800], Yamauchi, H [0000-0003-2123-5311], Yamazaki, T [0000-0003-0411-3590], Yamazaki, Y [0000-0003-3710-6995], Yan, S [0000-0002-1512-5506], Yan, Z [0000-0002-2483-4937], Yang, HJ [0000-0001-7367-1380], Yang, HT [0000-0003-3554-7113], Yang, S [0000-0002-0204-984X], Yang, T [0000-0002-4996-1924], Yang, X [0000-0002-1452-9824], Yang, X [0000-0002-9201-0972], Yang, Y [0000-0001-8524-1855], Yang, Z [0000-0002-7374-2334], Yao, W-M [0000-0002-3335-1988], Yap, YC [0000-0001-8939-666X], Ye, H [0000-0002-4886-9851], Ye, H [0000-0003-0552-5490], Ye, J [0000-0001-9274-707X], Ye, S [0000-0002-7864-4282], Ye, X [0000-0002-3245-7676], Yeh, Y [0000-0002-8484-9655], Yeletskikh, I [0000-0003-0586-7052], Yeo, BK [0000-0002-3372-2590], Yexley, MR [0000-0002-1827-9201], Yin, P [0000-0003-2174-807X], Yorita, K [0000-0003-1988-8401], Young, CJS [0000-0001-5858-6639], Young, C [0000-0003-3268-3486], Yuan, M [0000-0002-0991-5026], Yuan, R [0000-0002-8452-0315], Yue, L [0000-0001-6470-4662], Yue, X [0000-0001-6956-3205], Zaazoua, M [0000-0002-4105-2988], Zabinski, B [0000-0001-5626-0993], Zakareishvili, T [0000-0001-7909-4772], Zakharchuk, N [0000-0002-4963-8836], Zambito, S [0000-0002-4499-2545], Saa, JA Zamora [0000-0002-5030-7516], Zang, J [0000-0003-2770-1387], Zanzi, D [0000-0002-1222-7937], Zaplatilek, O [0000-0002-4687-3662], Zeißner, SV [0000-0002-9037-2152], Zeitnitz, C [0000-0003-2280-8636], Zeng, JC [0000-0002-2029-2659], Zenger, DT [0000-0002-4867-3138], Zenin, O [0000-0002-5447-1989], Ženiš, T [0000-0001-8265-6916], Zenz, S [0000-0002-9720-1794], Zerradi, S [0000-0001-9101-3226], Zerwas, D [0000-0002-4198-3029], Zhang, B [0000-0002-9726-6707], Zhang, DF [0000-0001-7335-4983], Zhang, G [0000-0002-5706-7180], Zhang, J [0000-0002-4380-1655], Zhang, J [0000-0002-9907-838X], Zhang, K [0000-0002-9778-9209], Zhang, L [0000-0002-9336-9338], Zhang, R [0000-0002-8265-474X], Zhang, T [0000-0001-7729-085X], Zhang, X [0000-0003-4731-0754], Zhang, X [0000-0003-4341-1603], Zhang, Y [0000-0001-6274-7714], Zhang, Z [0000-0002-1630-0986], Zhang, Z [0000-0002-7853-9079], Zhao, H [0000-0002-6638-847X], Zhao, P [0000-0003-0054-8749], Zhao, T [0000-0002-6427-0806], Zhao, Y [0000-0003-0494-6728], Zhao, Z [0000-0001-6758-3974], Zhemchugov, A [0000-0002-3360-4965], Zheng, X [0000-0002-2079-996X], Zheng, Z [0000-0002-8323-7753], Zhong, D [0000-0001-9377-650X], Zhou, C [0000-0001-5904-7258], Zhou, H [0000-0002-7986-9045], Zhou, N [0000-0002-1775-2511], Zhu, CG [0000-0001-8015-3901], Zhu, C [0000-0002-5918-9050], Zhu, HL [0000-0001-8479-1345], Zhu, H [0000-0001-8066-7048], Zhu, J [0000-0002-5278-2855], Zhu, Y [0000-0001-7964-0091], Zhu, Y [0000-0002-7306-1053], Zhuang, X [0000-0003-0996-3279], Zhukov, K [0000-0003-2468-9634], Zhulanov, V [0000-0002-0306-9199], Zimine, NI [0000-0003-0277-4870], Zinsser, J [0000-0002-5117-4671], Ziolkowski, M [0000-0002-2891-8812], Živković, L [0000-0003-4236-8930], Zoccoli, A [0000-0002-0993-6185], Zoch, K [0000-0003-2138-6187], Zorbas, TG [0000-0003-2073-4901], Zormpa, O [0000-0003-3177-903X], Zou, W [0000-0002-0779-8815], Zwalinski, L [0000-0002-9397-2313], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: electron, p p: scattering, bottom: 2, 13000 GeV-cms, ((n)jet dilepton) [final state], FOS: Physical sciences, bottom: particle identification, pair production [top], transverse momentum dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, charged particle: multiplicity, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), multiplicity [charged particle], muon, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], effect: color, detector: resolution, 2 [bottom], string [color], final state: ((n)jet dilepton), color [effect], charged particle: transverse momentum, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], multiplicity: dependence, ATLAS, bottom [jet], transverse momentum [charged particle], color: string, dependence [multiplicity], CERN LHC Coll, efficiency, particle identification [bottom], 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, resolution [detector], colliding beams [p p], top: pair production, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, jet: bottom, 51 Physical Sciences, p p: colliding beams, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, acceptance, experimental results
Abstract: A measurement of observables sensitive to effects of colour reconnection in top-quark pair-production events is presented using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of 13$\,$TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected by requiring exactly one isolated electron and one isolated muon with opposite charge and two or three jets, where exactly two jets are required to be $b$-tagged. For the selected events, measurements are presented for the charged-particle multiplicity, the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the charged particles, and the same scalar sum in bins of charged-particle multiplicity. These observables are unfolded to the stable-particle level, thereby correcting for migration effects due to finite detector resolution, acceptance and efficiency effects. The particle-level measurements are compared with different colour reconnection models in Monte Carlo generators. These measurements disfavour some of the colour reconnection models and provide inputs to future optimisation of the parameters in Monte Carlo generators., 74 pages in total, author list starting page 58, 19 figures, 8 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2019-01/
Published: 2022
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16. Cosmological relaxation through the dark axion portal

Author: Valerie Domcke, Kai Schmitz, Tevong You, You, Tevong [0000-0003-2391-7463], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, higgs physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), astro-ph.CO, invariance, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, beyond standard model, cosmology of theories beyond the sm, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The dark axion portal is a coupling of an axion-like particle to a dark photon kinetically mixed with the visible photon. We show how this portal, when applied to the relaxion, can lead to cosmological relaxation of the weak scale using dark photon production. The key backreaction mechanism involves the Schwinger effect: As long as electroweak symmetry is unbroken, Schwinger production of massless Standard Model fermions, which carry dark millicharges, suppresses the dark photon production. Once the electroweak symmetry is broken, the fermions acquire mass and the suppression is lifted. An enhanced dark photon dissipation then traps the relaxion at a naturally small weak scale. Our model thus provides a novel link between the phenomenological dark axion portal, dark photons, and the hierarchy problem of the Higgs mass., Comment: 36 pages, 9 figures. Matches published version
Published: 2022
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17. Novel approach for evaluating detector-related uncertainties in a LArTPC using MicroBooNE data

Author: Abratenko, P, An, R, Anthony, J, Arellano, L, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Basque, V, Bathe-Peters, L, Benevides Rodrigues, O, Berkman, S, Bhanderi, A, Bhat, A, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Book, JY, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Caro Terrazas, I, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Cianci, D, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Del Tutto, M, Dennis, SR, Detje, P, Devitt, A, Diurba, R, Dorrill, R, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Evans, JJ, Fine, R, Fiorentini Aguirre, GA, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Foppiani, N, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Gardiner, S, Ge, G, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Green, P, Greenlee, H, Gu, W, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hagaman, L, Hen, O, Hilgenberg, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Itay, R, James, C, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Jo, JH, Johnson, RA, Jwa, YJ, Kalra, D, Kamp, N, Kaneshige, N, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Lepetic, I, Li, K, Li, Y, Lin, K, Littlejohn, BR, Louis, WC, Luo, X, Manivannan, K, Mariani, C, Marsden, D, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Mason, K, Mastbaum, A, McConkey, N, Meddage, V, Mettler, T, Miller, K, Mills, J, Mistry, K, Yates, L. E. [0000-0002-3756-3646], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: Primary challenges for current and future precision neutrino experiments using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) include understanding detector effects and quantifying the associated systematic uncertainties. This paper presents a novel technique for assessing and propagating LArTPC detector-related systematic uncertainties. The technique makes modifications to simulation waveforms based on a parameterization of observed differences in ionization signals from the TPC between data and simulation, while remaining insensitive to the details of the detector model. The modifications are then used to quantify the systematic differences in low- and high-level reconstructed quantities. This approach could be applied to future LArTPC detectors, such as those used in SBN and DUNE.
Published: 2022
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18. Smartphysicslab: a creative Physics Laboratory using Arduino and smartphones

Author: Cicuta, P, Organtini, G, Cicuta, P [0000-0002-9193-8496], Organtini, G [0000-0002-3229-0781], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: History, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: We address aspects of innovation in the practice of experimental physics that are made possible thanks to the availability of ubiquitous and/or cheap digital technologies having the potential to improve the experience and learning outcomes throughout the physics curriculum. The ongoing pandemic poses specific challenges on the traditional approach to laboratory teaching in large labs. The innovation described here, developed independently by us over many years, aims to help maintain or even improve the development of experimental skills also in this new context. We present an analysis of the current situation and describe our proposal with a call for action, centering on the development of an open and bottom-up “Smart Physics Lab” community for the sharing of resources and good practice.
Published: 2022

19. NNPDF Collaboration

Author: Ball, Richard D., Carrazza, Stefano, Cruz-Martinez, Juan, Del Debbio, Luigi, Forte, Stefano, Giani, Tommaso, Iranipour, Shayan, Kassabov, Zahari, Latorre, Jose I., Nocera, Emanuele R., Pearson, Rosalyn L., Rojo, Juan, Stegeman, Roy, Schwan, Christopher, Ubiali, Maria, Voisey, Cameron, Wilson, Michael, Cruz-Martinez, Juan [0000-0002-8061-1965], Forte, Stefano [0000-0002-5848-5907], Nocera, Emanuele R [0000-0001-9886-4824], Schwan, Christopher [0000-0002-8907-5409], Ubiali, Maria [0000-0001-7243-4439], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Nocera, Emanuele R. [0000-0001-9886-4824]
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We present a new set of parton distribution functions (PDFs) based on a fully global dataset and machine learning techniques: NNPDF4.0. We expand the NNPDF3.1 determination with 44 new datasets, mostly from the LHC. We derive a novel methodology through hyperparameter optimization, leading to an efficient fitting algorithm built upon stochastic gradient descent. We use NNLO QCD calculations and account for NLO electroweak corrections and nuclear uncertainties. Theoretical improvements in the PDF description include a systematic implementation of positivity constraints and integrability of sum rules. We validate our methodology by means of closure tests and “future tests” (i.e. tests of backward and forward data compatibility), and assess its stability, specifically upon changes of PDF parametrization basis. We study the internal compatibility of our dataset, and investigate the dependence of results both upon the choice of input dataset and of fitting methodology. We perform a first study of the phenomenological implications of NNPDF4.0 on representative LHC processes. The software framework used to produce NNPDF4.0 is made available as an open-source package together with documentation and examples.
Published: 2022

20. Robust Correction of Interferometer Phase Driftin Transmission Matrix Measurements

Author: Mouthaan, Ralf, Christopher, Peter, Gordon, George, Wilkinson, Timothy, Euser, Tijmen, Euser, Tijmen [0000-0002-8305-9598], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: A complex-valued transmission matrix describing a scattering medium can be constructed from a sequence of many interferometric measurements. A major challenge in such experiments is to correct for rapid phase drift of the optical system during the data acquisition process, especially when the phase drifts significantly between consecutive measurements. Therefore, a new method is presented whereby the exact phase drift between two measurements is characterised and corrected for using a single additional measurement. This approach removes the need to continuously track the phase and significantly relaxes the phase stability requirements of the interferometer, allowing transmission matrices to be constructed in the presence of fast and erratic phase drift.
Published: 2022
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21. Primordial helium-3 redux: The helium isotope ratio of the Orion nebula

Author: Ryan J. Cooke, Pasquier Noterdaeme, James W. Johnson, Max Pettini, Louise Welsh, Celine Peroux, Michael T. Murphy, David H. Weinberg, Cooke, Ryan J [0000-0001-7653-5827], Noterdaeme, Pasquier [0000-0002-5777-1629], Johnson, James W [0000-0002-6534-8783], Pettini, Max [0000-0002-5139-4359], Welsh, Louise [0000-0002-0786-7307], Peroux, Celine [0000-0002-4288-599X], Murphy, Michael T [0000-0002-7040-5498], Weinberg, David H [0000-0001-7775-7261], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxies and Cosmology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the first direct measurement of the helium isotope ratio, 3He/4He, outside of the Local Interstellar Cloud, as part of science verification observations with the upgraded CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES). Our determination of 3He/4He is based on metastable HeI* absorption along the line-of-sight towards Tet02 Ori A in the Orion Nebula. We measure a value 3He/4He=(1.77+/-0.13)x10^{-4}, which is just ~40 per cent above the primordial relative abundance of these isotopes, assuming the Standard Model of particle physics and cosmology, (3He/4He)_p = (1.257+/-0.017)x10^-4. We calculate a suite of galactic chemical evolution simulations to study the Galactic build up of these isotopes, using the yields from Limongi & Chieffi (2018) for stars in the mass range M=8-100 M_sun and Lagarde (2011,2012) for M=0.8-8 M_sun. We find that these simulations simultaneously reproduce the Orion and protosolar 3He/4He values if the calculations are initialized with a primordial ratio (3He/4He)_p=(1.043+/-0.089)x10^-4. Even though the quoted error does not include the model uncertainty, this determination agrees with the Standard Model value to within ~2sigma. We also use the present-day Galactic abundance of deuterium (D/H), helium (He/H), and 3He/4He to infer an empirical limit on the primordial 3He abundance, (3He/H)_p < (1.09+/-0.18)x10^-5, which also agrees with the Standard Model value. We point out that it is becoming increasingly difficult to explain the discrepant primordial 7Li/H abundance with non-standard physics, without breaking the remarkable simultaneous agreement of three primordial element ratios (D/H, 4He/H, and 3He/4He) with the Standard Model values., 23 pages, 9 figures, Resubmitted to the Astrophysical Journal after addressing referee comments
Published: 2022

22. Recent highlights from GENIE v3

Author: Alvarez-Ruso, Luis, Andreopoulos, Costas, Ashkenazi, Adi, Barry, Christopher, Dennis, Steve, Dytman, Steve, Gallagher, Hugh, Andres, Alfonso, Soto, Garcia, Gardiner, Steven, Giele, Walter, Hatcher, Robert, Hen, Or, Jiang, Libo, Kakorin, Igor D., Kuzmin, Konstantin S., Meregaglia, Anselmo, Naumov, Vadim A., Papadopoulou, Afroditi, Roda, Marco, Syrotenko, Vladyslav, Tena-Vidal, Julia, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wright, Natalie, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Vololoniaina, Narisoa, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GENIE, Andreopoulos, C [0000-0003-2020-8215], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: interaction: model, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, pi: production, 01 natural sciences, programming, dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino: scattering, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, neutrino: interaction, neutrino nucleus: scattering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, new physics, final-state interaction, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: Funder: u.s. department of energy; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015, The release of GENIE v3.0.0 was a major milestone in the long history of the GENIE project, delivering several alternative comprehensive neutrino interaction models, improved charged-lepton scattering simulations, a range of beyond the Standard Model simulation capabilities, improved experimental interfaces, expanded core framework capabilities, and advanced new frameworks for the global analysis of neutrino scattering data and tuning of neutrino interaction models. Steady progress continued following the release of GENIE v3.0.0. New tools and a large number of new physics models, comprehensive model configurations, and tunes have been made publicly available and planned for release in v3.2.0. This article highlights some of the most recent technical and physics developments in the GENIE v3 series.
Published: 2022
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23. Wrapped M5-branes and complex saddle points

Author: Genolini, Pietro Benetti, Genolini, Pietro Benetti [0000-0002-2479-375X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, 4902 Mathematical Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, QC770-798, AdS-CFT Correspondence, High Energy Physics::Theory, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 49 Mathematical Sciences, Supersymmetry and Duality, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Supergravity Models, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We study the effects of the introduction of a $\vartheta$ term in minimal gauged supergravity in four dimensions. We show why this term is not present in supergravity duals of field theories arising on wrapped $M2$-branes, but is there in the case of $M5$-branes wrapping hyperbolic manifolds $\Sigma_3$, and compute the higher-derivative corrections. Having proved that the on-shell supergravity action of any supersymmetric solution can be expressed in terms of data from the fixed points of a Killing vector, we show that it is proportional to a complex topological invariant of $\Sigma_3$. This is consistent with the characteristics of the dual three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFT predicted by the $3d$-$3d$ correspondence, and we match the large $N$ limit of its partition functions in the known cases., Comment: 44 pages; v2: references added, revised argument in section 4
Published: 2022
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24. Electroweak flavour unification

Author: Davighi, Joe, Tooby-Smith, Joseph, Davighi, Joe [0000-0003-1002-0972], Tooby-Smith, Joseph [0000-0003-2831-598X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, CKM Parameters, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 4902 Mathematical Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Grand Unification, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 49 Mathematical Sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, Flavour Symmetries, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We propose that the electroweak and flavour quantum numbers of the Standard Model (SM) could be unified at high energies in an $SU(4)\times Sp(6)_L \times Sp(6)_R$ anomaly-free gauge model. All the SM fermions are packaged into two fundamental fields, $\Psi_L \sim (\mathbf{4}, \mathbf{6}, \mathbf{1})$ and $\Psi_R\sim (\mathbf{4}, \mathbf{1},\mathbf{6})$, thereby explaining the origin of three families of fermions. The SM Higgs, being electroweakly charged, necessarily becomes charged also under flavour when embedded in the UV model. It is therefore natural for its vacuum expectation value to couple only to the third family. The other components of the UV Higgs fields are presumed heavy. Extra scalars are needed to break this symmetry down to the SM, which can proceed via `flavour-deconstructed' gauge groups; for instance, we propose a pattern $Sp(6)_L \to \prod_{i=1}^3 SU(2)_{L,i} \to SU(2)_L$ for the left-handed factor. When the heavy Higgs components are integrated out, realistic quark Yukawa couplings with in-built hierarchies are naturally generated without any further ingredients, if we assume the various symmetry breaking scalars condense at different scales. The CKM matrix that we compute is not a generic unitary matrix, but it can precisely fit the observed values., Comment: 35 pages. v3: Matches published version
Published: 2022

25. Optimization of Scintillator Performance for the Development of Large Scale Scintillation Detector

Author: Rahman, MD SHAHINUR
Subjects: SABRE experiment, 510106 High energy astrophysics and galactic cosmic rays, Liquid scintillation, 409902 Engineering instrumentation, Compatibility test, Radiation Science, Scintillation detector, Dark matter, Linear alkylbenzene, 401699 Materials engineering not elsewhere classified, 5106 Nuclear and plasma physics, Energy resolution, 460104 Applications in physical sciences, Nuclear Instrumentation, Density Functional Theory, Nuclear Science, Light yield
Abstract: The Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection (SABRE) experiment is planned to consist of 50 kg of ultrapure thallium doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillator contained within a liquid scintillation (LS) veto detector of approximately 10,500 kg (2.6 m in diameter and height), and will search for dark matter interactions in the inner NaI(Tl) detectors. Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) has been chosen as the LS solvent for the SABRE South experiment and the LS veto detector design includes numerous materials that will be in contact with the liquid scintillator over the uninterrupted multi-year (3 to 5 years) operation. The SABRE specifications require LAB of high chemical purity and low radioactive background to maximise the light yield and optical attenuation length, thus giving optimum energy resolution and detection efficiency of the LS veto detector. In this study, the service lifetime of Viton O-rings, required as seals in the detector, were examined under different ageing temperatures while exposed to LAB scintillator and to air. Compression set experiments, solvent swelling, Young’s modulus measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) all being used. LAB was purified with a custom-made vacuum distillation process to reduce chemical and radioactive impurities. The effects of tentatively identified impurities on the LAB scintillation light yield were investigated with a custom-made scintillation light yield setup. In addition, the optimal LAB LS preparation techniques with higher scintillation light yield were explored. The chemical and physical suitability of selected materials used in detector components (~ 28 types) when in contact with the LAB liquid scintillator (~ 2 types) under normal operation were also investigated based on relative light yield and optical absorbance over the time period of ~ 560 days. In conclusion, the study provides much useful information in regard to LAB purification, scintillation light yield maximization by 13%, optical light attenuation length improvements (~ 4 m), impurity identification and compatibility tests of components with optimization of energy resolution and detection sensitivity for a large-scale veto liquid scintillation detector. This work could aid design and fabrication of other types of scintillation detector for nuclear science, medical and particle physics applications.
Published: 2022
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26. Toolkit for Scalar Fields in Universes with finite-dimensional Hilbert Space

Author: Friedrich, Oliver, Singh, Ashmeet, Doré, Olivier, Friedrich, Oliver [0000-0001-6120-4988], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 4902 Mathematical Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 49 Mathematical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 51 Physical Sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The holographic principle suggests that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional. Motivated by this point-of-view, and its application to the observable Universe, we introduce a set of numerical and conceptual tools to describe scalar fields with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and to study their behaviour in expanding cosmological backgrounds. These tools include accurate approximations to compute the vacuum energy of a field mode $\mathbf{k}$ as a function of the dimension $d_{\mathbf{k}}$ of the mode Hilbert space, as well as a parametric model for how that dimension varies with $|\mathbf{k}|$. We show that the maximum entropy of our construction momentarily scales like the boundary area of the observable Universe for some values of the parameters of that model. And we find that the maximum entropy generally follows a sub-volume scaling as long as $d_{\mathbf{k}}$ decreases with $|\mathbf{k}|$. We also demonstrate that the vacuum energy density of the finite-dimensional field is dynamical and decays between two constant epochs in our fiducial construction. These results rely on a number of non-trivial modelling choices, but our general framework may serve as a starting point for future investigations of the impact of finite-dimensionality of Hilbert space on cosmological physics., Comment: 22 pages + appendix; public code available at github.com/OliverFHD/GPUniverse
Published: 2022
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27. Superclustering with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Dark Energy Survey. I. Evidence for Thermal Energy Anisotropy Using Oriented Stacking

Author: Lokken, M, Hložek, R, Engelen, AV, Madhavacheril, M, Baxter, E, Derose, J, Doux, C, Pandey, S, Rykoff, ES, Stein, G, To, C, Abbott, TMC, Adhikari, S, Aguena, M, Allam, S, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Annis, J, Battaglia, N, Bernstein, GM, Bertin, E, Bond, Brooks, D, Calabrese, E, Rosell, AC, Kind, MC, Carretero, J, Cawthon, R, Choi, A, Costanzi, M, Crocce, M, Costa, LND, Pereira, MEDS, Vicente, JD, Desai, S, Dietrich, JP, Doel, P, Dunkley, J, Everett, S, Evrard, AE, Ferraro, S, Flaugher, B, Fosalba, P, Frieman, J, Gallardo, PA, García-Bellido, J, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Giannantonio, T, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hill, JC, Hilton, M, Hincks, AD, Hinton, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, Hoyle, B, Huang, Z, Hughes, JP, Huterer, D, Jain, B, James, DJ, Jeltema, T, Kuehn, K, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, McMahon, J, Melchior, P, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Mohr, JJ, Moodley, K, Morgan, R, Nati, F, Page, L, Ogando, RLC, Palmese, A, Paz-Chinchón, F, Malagón, AAP, Pieres, A, Romer, AK, Rozo, E, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schillaci, A, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Sheldon, E, Shin, T, Sifón, C, Smith, M, Soares-Santos, M, Suchyta, E, Swanson, MEC, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Lokken, M [0000-0001-5917-955X], Hložek, R [0000-0002-0965-7864], Engelen, AV [0000-0002-3495-158X], Madhavacheril, M [0000-0001-6740-5350], Baxter, E [0000-0002-6836-3196], Derose, J [0000-0002-0728-0960], Doux, C [0000-0003-4480-0096], Pandey, S [0000-0001-5780-637X], Rykoff, ES [0000-0001-9376-3135], Stein, G [0000-0002-5193-516X], To, C [0000-0001-7836-2261], Adhikari, S [0000-0002-0298-4432], Aguena, M [0000-0001-5679-6747], Allam, S [0000-0002-7069-7857], Annis, J [0000-0002-0609-3987], Battaglia, N [0000-0001-5846-0411], Bernstein, GM [0000-0002-8613-8259], Bertin, E [0000-0002-3602-3664], Bond, JR [0000-0003-2358-9949], Brooks, D [0000-0002-8458-5047], Rosell, AC [0000-0003-3044-5150], Kind, MC [0000-0002-4802-3194], Carretero, J [0000-0002-3130-0204], Cawthon, R [0000-0003-2965-6786], Choi, A [0000-0002-5636-233X], Costanzi, M [0000-0001-8158-1449], Crocce, M [0000-0002-9745-6228], Costa, LND [0000-0002-7731-277X], Vicente, JD [0000-0001-8318-6813], Desai, S [0000-0002-0466-3288], Dietrich, JP [0000-0002-8134-9591], Dunkley, J [0000-0002-7450-2586], Evrard, AE [0000-0002-4876-956X], Ferraro, S [0000-0003-4992-7854], Flaugher, B [0000-0002-2367-5049], Fosalba, P [0000-0002-1510-5214], Frieman, J [0000-0003-4079-3263], Gallardo, PA [0000-0001-9731-3617], García-Bellido, J [0000-0002-9370-8360], Gaztanaga, E [0000-0001-9632-0815], Gerdes, DW [0000-0001-6942-2736], Giannantonio, T [0000-0002-9865-0436], Gruen, D [0000-0003-3270-7644], Gruendl, RA [0000-0002-4588-6517], Gschwend, J [0000-0003-3023-8362], Gutierrez, G [0000-0003-0825-0517], Hill, JC [0000-0002-9539-0835], Hilton, M [0000-0002-8490-8117], Hincks, AD [0000-0003-1690-6678], Hinton, SR [0000-0003-2071-9349], Hollowood, DL [0000-0002-9369-4157], Honscheid, K [0000-0002-6550-2023], Hoyle, B [0000-0002-2571-1357], Huang, Z [0000-0002-1506-1063], Hughes, JP [0000-0002-8816-6800], Huterer, D [0000-0001-6558-0112], James, DJ [0000-0001-5160-4486], Jeltema, T [0000-0001-6089-0365], Kuehn, K [0000-0003-0120-0808], Maia, MAG [0000-0001-9856-9307], Marshall, JL [0000-0003-0710-9474], Melchior, P [0000-0002-8873-5065], Menanteau, F [0000-0002-1372-2534], Miquel, R [0000-0002-6610-4836], Moodley, K [0000-0001-6606-7142], Morgan, R [0000-0002-7016-5471], Nati, F [0000-0002-8307-5088], Page, L [0000-0002-9828-3525], Ogando, RLC [0000-0003-2120-1154], Palmese, A [0000-0002-6011-0530], Paz-Chinchón, F [0000-0003-1339-2683], Malagón, AAP [0000-0002-2598-0514], Pieres, A [0000-0001-9186-6042], Romer, AK [0000-0002-9328-879X], Rozo, E [0000-0002-1666-6275], Sanchez, E [0000-0002-9646-8198], Schubnell, M [0000-0001-9504-2059], Serrano, S [0000-0002-0211-2861], Sevilla-Noarbe, I [0000-0002-1831-1953], Sheldon, E [0000-0001-9194-0441], Sifón, C [0000-0002-8149-1352], Smith, M [0000-0002-3321-1432], Soares-Santos, M [0000-0001-6082-8529], Suchyta, E [0000-0002-7047-9358], Swanson, MEC [0000-0002-1488-8552], Tarle, G [0000-0003-1704-0781], Thomas, D [0000-0002-6325-5671], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: The cosmic web contains filamentary structure on a wide range of scales. On the largest scales, superclustering aligns multiple galaxy clusters along intercluster bridges, visible through their thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signal in the cosmic microwave background. We demonstrate a new, flexible method to analyze the hot gas signal from multiscale extended structures. We use a Compton y-map from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) stacked on redMaPPer cluster positions from the optical Dark Energy Survey (DES). Cutout images from the y-map are oriented with large-scale structure information from DES galaxy data such that the superclustering signal is aligned before being overlaid. We find evidence of an extended quadrupole moment of the stacked y signal at the 3.5σ level, demonstrating that the large-scale thermal energy surrounding galaxy clusters is anisotropically distributed. We compare our ACT × DES results with the Buzzard simulations, finding broad agreement. Using simulations, we highlight the promise of this novel technique for constraining the evolution of anisotropic, non-Gaussian structure using future combinations of microwave and optical surveys.
Published: 2022

28. Search for type-III seesaw heavy leptons in leptonic final states in pp collisions at √s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abud, AA, Abeling, K, Abhayasinghe, DK, Abidi, SH, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Abusleme Hoffman, AC, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adam, L, Bourdarios, CA, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Addepalli, SV, Adelman, J, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agapopoulou, C, Agaras, MN, Agarwala, J, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmad, A, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Aizenberg, I, Akatsuka, S, Akbiyik, M, Åkesson, TPA, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Albicocco, P, Alconada Verzini, MJ, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alfonsi, F, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Ali, S, Aliev, M, Alimonti, G, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Camelia, EA, Alvarez Estevez, M, Alviggi, MG, Amaral Coutinho, Y, Ambler, A, Ambroz, L, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Amor Dos Santos, SP, Amoroso, S, Amrouche, CS, Anastopoulos, C, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, JK, Andrean, SY, Andreazza, A, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antipov, E, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Aparisi Pozo, JA, Aparo, MA, Aperio Bella, L, Aranzabal, N, Araujo Ferraz, V, Arcangeletti, C, Arce, ATH, Arena, E, Arguin, JF, Aad, G [0000-0002-6665-4934], Abbott, B [0000-0002-5888-2734], Abbott, DC [0000-0002-7248-3203], Abud, AA [0000-0002-2788-3822], Abeling, K [0000-0002-1002-1652], Abhayasinghe, DK [0000-0002-2987-4006], Abidi, SH [0000-0002-8496-9294], Abramowicz, H [0000-0001-5329-6640], Abreu, H [0000-0002-1599-2896], Abulaiti, Y [0000-0003-0403-3697], Abusleme Hoffman, AC [0000-0003-0762-7204], Acharya, BS [0000-0002-8588-9157], Achkar, B [0000-0002-0288-2567], Adam, L [0000-0001-6005-2812], Bourdarios, CA [0000-0002-2634-4958], Adamczyk, L [0000-0002-5859-2075], Adamek, L [0000-0003-1562-3502], Addepalli, SV [0000-0002-2919-6663], Adelman, J [0000-0002-1041-3496], Adiguzel, A [0000-0001-6644-0517], Adorni, S [0000-0003-3620-1149], Adye, T [0000-0003-0627-5059], Affolder, AA [0000-0002-9058-7217], Afik, Y [0000-0001-8102-356X], Agapopoulou, C [0000-0002-2368-0147], Agaras, MN [0000-0002-4355-5589], Agarwala, J [0000-0002-4754-7455], Aggarwal, A [0000-0002-1922-2039], Agheorghiesei, C [0000-0003-3695-1847], Aguilar-Saavedra, JA [0000-0002-5475-8920], Ahmad, A [0000-0001-8638-0582], Ahmadov, F [0000-0003-3644-540X], Ahmed, WS [0000-0003-0128-3279], Ai, X [0000-0003-3856-2415], Aielli, G [0000-0002-0573-8114], Aizenberg, I [0000-0003-2150-1624], Akatsuka, S [0000-0002-1681-6405], Akbiyik, M [0000-0002-7342-3130], Åkesson, TPA [0000-0003-4141-5408], Akimov, AV [0000-0002-2846-2958], Al Khoury, K [0000-0002-0547-8199], Alberghi, GL [0000-0003-2388-987X], Albert, J [0000-0003-0253-2505], Albicocco, P [0000-0001-6430-1038], Alconada Verzini, MJ [0000-0003-2212-7830], Alderweireldt, S [0000-0002-8224-7036], Aleksa, M [0000-0002-1936-9217], Aleksandrov, IN [0000-0001-7381-6762], Alexa, C [0000-0003-0922-7669], Alexopoulos, T [0000-0002-8977-279X], Alfonsi, A [0000-0001-7406-4531], Alfonsi, F [0000-0002-0966-0211], Alhroob, M [0000-0001-7569-7111], Ali, B [0000-0001-8653-5556], Ali, S [0000-0001-5216-3133], Aliev, M [0000-0002-9012-3746], Alimonti, G [0000-0002-7128-9046], Allaire, C [0000-0003-4745-538X], Allbrooke, BMM [0000-0002-5738-2471], Allport, PP [0000-0001-7303-2570], Aloisio, A [0000-0002-3883-6693], Alonso, F [0000-0001-9431-8156], Alpigiani, C [0000-0002-7641-5814], Alvarez Estevez, M [0000-0002-8181-6532], Alviggi, MG [0000-0003-0026-982X], Amaral Coutinho, Y [0000-0002-1798-7230], Ambler, A [0000-0003-2184-3480], Ambroz, L [0000-0002-0987-6637], Amidei, D [0000-0002-6814-0355], Amor Dos Santos, SP [0000-0001-7566-6067], Amoroso, S [0000-0001-5450-0447], Anastopoulos, C [0000-0003-1587-5830], Andari, N [0000-0002-4935-4753], Andeen, T [0000-0002-4413-871X], Anders, JK [0000-0002-1846-0262], Andrean, SY [0000-0002-9766-2670], Andreazza, A [0000-0001-5161-5759], Angelidakis, S [0000-0002-8274-6118], Angerami, A [0000-0001-7834-8750], Anisenkov, AV [0000-0002-7201-5936], Annovi, A [0000-0002-4649-4398], Antel, C [0000-0001-9683-0890], Anthony, MT [0000-0002-5270-0143], Antipov, E [0000-0002-6678-7665], Antonelli, M [0000-0002-2293-5726], Antrim, DJA [0000-0001-8084-7786], Anulli, F [0000-0003-2734-130X], Aoki, M [0000-0001-7498-0097], Aparisi Pozo, JA [0000-0001-7401-4331], Aparo, MA [0000-0003-4675-7810], Aperio Bella, L [0000-0003-3942-1702], Aranzabal, N [0000-0001-9013-2274], Araujo Ferraz, V [0000-0003-1177-7563], Arcangeletti, C [0000-0001-8648-2896], Arce, ATH [0000-0002-7255-0832], Arena, E [0000-0001-5970-8677], Arguin, JF [0000-0003-0229-3858], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Regular Article - Experimental Physics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: A search for the pair production of heavy leptons as predicted by the type-III seesaw mechanism is presented. The search uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to $$139\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ 139 fb - 1 of integrated luminosity recorded by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis focuses on final states with three or four electrons or muons from the possible decays of new heavy leptons via intermediate electroweak bosons. No significant deviations above the Standard Model expectation are observed; upper and lower limits on the heavy lepton production cross-section and masses are derived respectively. These results are then combined for the first time with the ones already published by ATLAS using the channel with two leptons in the final state. The observed lower limit on the mass of the type-III seesaw heavy leptons combining two, three and four lepton channels together is 910 GeV at the 95% confidence level.
Published: 2022

29. Separation of track- and shower-like energy deposits in ProtoDUNE-SP using a convolutional neural network

Author: Abed Abud, A, Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, MA, Adames, MR, Adamov, G, Adamowski, M, Adams, D, Adinolfi, M, Aduszkiewicz, A, Aguilar, J, Ahmad, Z, Ahmed, J, Aimard, B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B, Alion, T, Allison, K, Alonso Monsalve, S, AlRashed, M, Alt, C, Alton, A, Alvarez, R, Amedo, P, Anderson, J, Andreopoulos, C, Andreotti, M, Andrews, M, Andrianala, F, Andringa, S, Anfimov, N, Ankowski, A, Antoniassi, M, Antonova, M, Antoshkin, A, Antusch, S, Aranda-Fernandez, A, Arellano, L, Arnold, LO, Arroyave, MA, Asaadi, J, Asquith, L, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Ayala Lara, V, Ayala-Torres, M, Azfar, F, Babicz, M, Back, A, Back, H, Back, JJ, Backhouse, C, Bagaturia, I, Bagby, L, Balashov, N, Balasubramanian, S, Baldi, P, Baller, B, Bambah, B, Barao, F, Barenboim, G, Barker, G, Barkhouse, W, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, A, Barros, N, Barrow, JL, Basharina-Freshville, A, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Batchelor, C, Batista Das Chagas, E, Battat, J, Battisti, F, Bay, F, Bazetto, MCQ, Bazo Alba, J, Beacom, JF, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Beigbeder, C, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Benekos, N, Benitez Montiel, C, Bento Neves, F, Berger, J, Berkman, S, Bernardini, P, Berner, RM, Bersani, A, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Betancur Rodríguez, A, Bevan, A, Bezawada, Y, Yang, T. [0000-0002-3190-9941], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Yang, T [0000-0002-3190-9941]
Subjects: Regular Article - Experimental Physics, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: Funder: SERI and SNSF, Switzerland, Funder: Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004007, Funder: CAM, Fundacion “La Caixa”, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain, Funder: CERN; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012470, Funder: DOE and NSF, United States of America, Funder: CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada, Funder: CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France, Funder: The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom, Funder: ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union, Funder: NRF, South Korea, Funder: FCT, Portugal, Funder: MSMT, Czech Republic, Funder: CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil, Funder: TUB.ITAK, Turkey, Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagnetic cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation.
Published: 2022

30. Deep learning particle identification in LHCb RICH

Author: Blago, Michele Piero and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Paper, History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: The use of Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors (RICH) offers a powerful technique for identifying the particle species in particle physics. These detectors produce 2D images formed by rings of individual photons superimposed on a background of photon rings from other particles. The RICH particle identification (PID) is essential to the LHCb experiment at CERN. While the current PID algorithm has performed well during LHC data-taking periods between 2010 to 2018, its complexity poses a challenge for LHCb computing infrastructure upgrades towards multi-core architectures. The high particle multiplicity environment of future LHC runs strongly motivates shifting towards high-throughput computing for the online event reconstruction. In this contribution, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to particle identification in LHCb RICH. The CNN takes binary input images from the two RICH detectors to classify particle species. The input images are polar-transformed sub-sections of the RICH photon-detection planes. The model is hyperparameter-optimised and trained on classification accuracy with simulated collision data for the upcoming LHC operation starting in 2022. The PID performance of the CNN is comparable to the conventional algorithm, and its simplicity renders it suitable for fast online reconstruction through parallel processing. We show that under conditions of reduced combinatorial background, as expected from the introduction of timing resolution to the RICH detectors in future upgrades, the network achieves a particle identification performance close to 100 %, with simultaneous misclassification of the most prevalent particle species approaching 0 %.
Published: 2023

31. Plant efficiency

Author: Ruward A. Mulder, Yeshambel Melese, Niek Lopes Cardozo, Mulder, RA [0000-0002-9684-6267], Lopes Cardozo, NJ [0000-0002-2020-1235], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Mulder, R.A. [0000-0002-9684-6267], Lopes Cardozo, N.J. [0000-0002-2020-1235], Philosophy & Ethics, Socio-economic aspects of the deployment of fusion energy, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems
Subjects: Paper, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermal efficiency, Physics - Physics and Society, Power station, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), PPCS, Plant efficiency, Energy market, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), roadmap, Process engineering, Nuclear Experiment, DEMO, capacity factor, business.industry, plant efficiency, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, Capacity factor, Power (physics), recirculated power, recirculating power, Environmental science, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, business, 51 Physical Sciences, Nominal power (photovoltaic)
Abstract: The plant efficiency of a nuclear fusion power plant is considered. During nominal operation, the plant efficiency is determined by the thermodynamic efficiency and the recirculated power fraction. However, on average the reactor operates below the nominal power, even when the long shutdown periods for large maintenance are left outside the averaging. Hence, next to the recirculated power fraction the capacity factor must be factored in. An expression for the plant efficiency which incorporates both factors is given. It is shown that the combination of high recirculated power fraction and a low capacity factor, results in poor plant efficiency. This is due to the fact that in a fusion reactor the recirculated power remains high if it runs at reduced output power. It is argued that, at least for a first generation of power plants, this combination is likely to occur. Worked out example calculations are given for the models of the power plant conceptual study. Finally, the impact on the competitiveness of fusion on the energy market is discussed. This analysis stresses the importance of the development of plant designs with low recirculated power fraction.
Published: 2021

32. Excited and exotic bottomonium spectroscopy from lattice QCD

Author: David J. Wilson, Sinead M. Ryan, Wilson, David [0000-0003-2364-1161], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Quark, 4902 Mathematical Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Lattice (group), FOS: Physical sciences, Lattice QCD, 01 natural sciences, Charm quark, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Lattice Quantum Field Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Operator (physics), Quark model, High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Quantum number, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Excited state, 49 Mathematical Sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We explore the spectrum of excited and exotic bottomonia using lattice QCD. Highly excited states are identified with masses up to 11,000 MeV, many of which can be grouped into supermultiplets matching those of the quark model while exotic spin--parity--charge-conjugation quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{+-},\,1^{-+},\,2^{+-}$ that cannot be formed from $\bar{q}q$ alone are also identified. Single-meson operator constructions are used that have good $J^{PC}$ in the continuum, these are found to overlap well onto heavy quark states with $J\le4$. A continuum $J^{PC}$ is assigned to each level, based on the distribution amongst lattice irreps and dominant operator overlaps. States with a dominant gluonic component are identified and form a hybrid supermultiplet with $J^{PC}=(0,1,2)^{-+},\, 1^{--}$, approximately 1500 MeV above the ground-state $\eta_b$, similar to previous computations with light, strange and charm quark systems., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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33. Search for Higgs boson decays into two new low-mass spin-0 particles in the 4b channel with the ATLAS detector using pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Author: Aad, G, Abbott, B, Abbott, DC, Abdinov, O, Abud, AA, Abeling, K, Abhayasinghe, DK, Abidi, SH, AbouZeid, OS, Abraham, NL, Abramowicz, H, Abreu, H, Abulaiti, Y, Acharya, BS, Achkar, B, Adachi, S, Adam, L, Bourdarios, CA, Adamczyk, L, Adamek, L, Adelman, J, Adersberger, M, Adiguzel, A, Adorni, S, Adye, T, Affolder, AA, Afik, Y, Agapopoulou, C, Agaras, MN, Aggarwal, A, Agheorghiesei, C, Aguilar-Saavedra, JA, Ahmadov, F, Ahmed, WS, Ai, X, Aielli, G, Akatsuka, S, Åkesson, TPA, Akilli, E, Akimov, AV, Al Khoury, K, Alberghi, GL, Albert, J, Verzini, MJA, Alderweireldt, S, Aleksa, M, Aleksandrov, IN, Alexa, C, Alexandre, D, Alexopoulos, T, Alfonsi, A, Alhroob, M, Ali, B, Alimonti, G, Alison, J, Alkire, SP, Allaire, C, Allbrooke, BMM, Allen, BW, Allport, PP, Aloisio, A, Alonso, A, Alonso, F, Alpigiani, C, Alshehri, AA, Estevez, MA, Piqueras, DÁ, Alviggi, MG, Coutinho, YA, Ambler, A, Ambroz, L, Amelung, C, Amidei, D, Dos Santos, SPA, Amoroso, S, Amrouche, CS, An, F, Anastopoulos, C, Andari, N, Andeen, T, Anders, CF, Anders, JK, Andreazza, A, Andrei, V, Anelli, CR, Angelidakis, S, Angerami, A, Anisenkov, AV, Annovi, A, Antel, C, Anthony, MT, Antonelli, M, Antrim, DJA, Anulli, F, Aoki, M, Pozo, JAA, Bella, LA, Arabidze, G, Araque, JP, Ferraz, VA, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: This paper describes a search for beyond the Standard Model decays of the Higgs boson into a pair of new spin-0 particles subsequently decaying into b-quark pairs, H → aa → (bb¯)(bb¯), using protonproton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV. This search focuses on the range 15 GeV ≤ ma ≤ 30 GeV, where the decay products are collimated; it is complementary to a previous search in the same final state targeting the range 20 GeV ≤ ma ≤ 60 GeV, where the decay products are well separated. A novel strategy for the identification of the a → bb¯ decays is deployed to enhance the efficiency for topologies with small separation angles. The search is performed with 36 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected in 2015 and 2016 and sets upper limits on the production cross section of H → aa → (bb¯)(bb¯), where the Higgs boson is produced in association with a Z boson.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author: Abi, B, Acciarri, R, Acero, MA, Adamov, G, Adams, D, Adinolfi, M, Ahmad, Z, Ahmed, J, Alion, T, Alonso Monsalve, S, Alt, C, Anderson, J, Andreopoulos, C, Andrews, MP, Andrianala, F, Andringa, S, Ankowski, A, Antonova, M, Antusch, S, Aranda-Fernandez, A, Ariga, A, Arnold, LO, Arroyave, MA, Asaadi, J, Aurisano, A, Aushev, V, Autiero, D, Azfar, F, Back, H, Back, JJ, Backhouse, C, Baesso, P, Bagby, L, Bajou, R, Balasubramanian, S, Baldi, P, Bambah, B, Barao, F, Barenboim, G, Barker, GJ, Barkhouse, W, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Barranco Monarca, J, Barros, N, Barrow, JL, Bashyal, A, Basque, V, Bay, F, Alba, JLB, Beacom, JF, Bechetoille, E, Behera, B, Bellantoni, L, Bellettini, G, Bellini, V, Beltramello, O, Belver, D, Benekos, N, Bento Neves, F, Berger, J, Berkman, S, Bernardini, P, Berner, RM, Berns, H, Bertolucci, S, Betancourt, M, Bezawada, Y, Bhattacharjee, M, Bhuyan, B, Biagi, S, Bian, J, Biassoni, M, Biery, K, Bilki, B, Bishai, M, Bitadze, A, Blake, A, Blanco Siffert, B, Blaszczyk, FDM, Blazey, GC, Blucher, E, Boissevain, J, Bolognesi, S, Bolton, T, Bonesini, M, Bongrand, M, Bonini, F, Booth, A, Booth, C, Bordoni, S, Borkum, A, Boschi, T, Bostan, N, Bour, P, Boyd, SB, Boyden, D, Bracinik, J, Braga, D, Brailsford, D, Scholberg, K. [0000-0002-7007-2021], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Quantum Physics, astro-ph.SR, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Molecular, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Physics::Geophysics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, physics.ins-det, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the$$\nu _e$$νespectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.
Published: 2021

35. Core design of breed and burn molten salt fast reactor

Author: Cuoc, E, Shwageraus, E, Kasam, A, Scott, I, Shwageraus, Eugene [0000-0002-7309-4920], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: Previous designs of once-through solid-fuelled breed-and-burn (B&B) reactor and the conventional molten salt reactor (MSR) concepts suffer from material limitation of neutron irradiation damage and chemical corrosion. A novel breed-and-burn molten salt reactor (BBMSR) concept uses separate molten salt fuel and coolant in a linear assembly core configuration. Similar to Moltex Energy Stable Salt Reactor (SSR) design, the configuration with fuel salt contained in fuel tubes and coolant salt in pool type reactor vessel has been previously studied. The study confirmed that breed-and-burn operation is feasible in principle, however with a low neutronic margin. The objective of this paper was to seek improvements of the neutronic margin with a metallic natural uranium blanket design. A parametric study was performed for the natural uranium blanket design. BBMSR neutronic performance simulation was modelled using Serpent, a Monte Carlo reactor physics code, with a single 3D hexagonal channel containing a single fuel tube in an infinite lattice with reflective radial and vacuum axial boundary conditions. The addition of a metallic natural uranium blanket inside the fuel tube, which increases the natural uranium metal to fuel salt ratio (ϒ) of the BBMSR, was shown to significantly increase the neutronic performance of the BBMSR.
Published: 2021

36. Low-energy electron ionization mass spectrometer for efficient detection of low mass species

Author: Andrew Jardine, Matthew Bergin, Bodil Holst, David J. Ward, NA von Jeinsen, Jonathan Richard Ellis, William Allison, Sam Lambrick, Ward, David [0000-0002-1587-7011], Lambrick, Sam [0000-0003-0720-6071], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Materials science, Helium atom, 34 Chemical Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Mass spectrometry, Space charge, Ion, 5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 3401 Analytical Chemistry, Ionization, 3406 Physical Chemistry, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, 51 Physical Sciences, Helium, Electron ionization
Abstract: The design of a high-efficiency mass spectrometer is described, aimed at residual gas detection of low mass species using low-energy electron impact, with particular applications in helium atom microscopy and atomic or molecular scattering. The instrument consists of an extended ionization volume, where electrons emitted from a hot filament are confined using a solenoidal magnetic field to give a high ionization probability. Electron space charge is used to confine and extract the gas ions formed, which are then passed through a magnetic sector mass filter before reaching an ion counter. The design and implementation of each of the major components are described in turn, followed by the overall performance of the detector in terms of mass separation, detection efficiency, time response, and background count rates. The linearity of response with emission current and magnetic field is discussed. The detection efficiency for helium is very high, reaching as much as 0.5%, with a time constant of (198 ± 6) ms and a background signal equivalent to an incoming helium flux of (8.7 ± 0.2) × 106 s−1. publishedVersion
Published: 2021

37. On the stoichiometry of zirconium carbide

Author: Dhan-sham Rana, Niccolo Le Brun, Claudia Gasparrini, Denis Horlait, Ian Farnan, Christos N. Markides, William E. Lee, Centre for Nuclear Engineering (CNE) & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nuclear Futures Institute, Bangor University, Bangor, Gasparrini, Claudia [0000-0001-8343-4733], Horlait, Denis [0000-0002-2645-6896], Markides, Christos N. [0000-0002-4219-1867], Farnan, Ian [0000-0001-7844-5112], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Markides, Christos N [0000-0002-4219-1867], and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Subjects: 639/638/263/915, Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, 145, Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, sub-03, 639/4077/4091/4093, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 639/301/299, 01 natural sciences, Zirconium carbide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lattice constant, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 128, lcsh:Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, Multidisciplinary, Nuclear fusion and fission, lcsh:R, article, Solid-state chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, Elemental analysis, 140/131, lcsh:Q, Atomic ratio, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 0210 nano-technology, 51 Physical Sciences, Stoichiometry, Materials for energy and catalysis
Abstract: The dependencies of the enhanced thermomechanical properties of zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with sample purity and stoichiometry are still not understood due to discrepancies in the literature. Multiple researchers have recently reported a linear relation between the carbon to zirconium atomic ratio (C/Zr) and the lattice parameter, in contrast with a more established relationship that suggests that the lattice parameter value attains a maximum value at a C/Zr ~ 0.83. In this study, the relationship between C/Zr atomic ratio and the lattice parameter is critically assessed: it is found that recent studies reporting the thermophysical properties of ZrCx have unintentionally produced and characterised samples containing zirconium oxycarbide. To avoid such erroneous characterization of ZrCx thermophysical properties in the future, we propose a method for the accurate measurement of the stoichiometry of ZrCx using three independent experimental techniques, namely: elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Although a large scatter in the results (ΔC/Zr = 0.07) from these different techniques was found when used independently, when combining the techniques together consistent values of x in ZrCx were obtained.
Published: 2020

38. Speed of sound from fundamental physical constants

Author: Trachenko, Kostya, Monserrat, Bartomeu, Pickard, Chris J, Brazhkin, Vadim, Monserrat Sanchez, Bartomeu [0000-0002-4233-4071], Pickard, Christopher [0000-0002-9684-5432], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: Two dimensionless fundamental physical constants, the fine structure constant α and the proton- to-electron mass ratio mp/me are attributed a particular importance from the point of view of nuclear synthesis, formation of heavy elements, planets, and life-supporting structures. Here, we show that a combination of these two constants results in a new dimensionless constant which provides the upper bound for the speed of sound in condensed phases, vu. We find that vu/c = α (me/2mp)^1/2 , where c is the speed of light in vacuum. We support this result by a large set of experimental data and first principles computations for atomic hydrogen. Our result expands current understanding of how fundamental constants can impose new bounds on important physical properties.
Published: 2020
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39. Dynamical phase transitions for the activity biased Ising model in a magnetic field

Author: Jules Guioth, Robert L. Jack, Jack, Robert [0000-0003-0086-4573], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Physics, Phase transition, 4902 Mathematical Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 01 natural sciences, 5103 Classical Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, Ferromagnetism, 0103 physical sciences, 49 Mathematical Sciences, Large deviations theory, Gravitational singularity, Ising model, Statistical physics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, 010306 general physics, Scaling, 51 Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: We consider large deviations of the dynamical activity -- defined as the total number of configuration changes within a time interval -- for mean-field and one-dimensional Ising models, in the presence of a magnetic field. We identify several dynamical phase transitions that appear as singularities in the scaled cumulant generating function of the activity. In particular, we find low-activity ferromagnetic states and a novel high-activity phase, with associated first- and second-order phase transitions. The high-activity phase has a negative susceptibility to the magnetic field. In the mean-field case, we analyse the dynamical phase coexistence that occurs on first-order transition lines, including the optimal-control forces that reproduce the relevant large deviations. In the one-dimensional model, we use exact diagonalisation and cloning methods to perform finite-size scaling of the first-order phase transition at non-zero magnetic field., Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Time-energy uncertainty does not create particles

Author: Jeremy Butterfield, Bryan W. Roberts, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Physics, Paper, History, Quantum Physics, Uncertainty principle, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::History of Physics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Energy conservation, Theoretical physics, QC Physics, Particle, History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph), 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Quantum field theory, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 51 Physical Sciences, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: In this contribution in honour of Paul Busch, we criticise the claims of many expositions that the time-energy uncertainty principle allows both a violation of energy conservation, and particle creation, provided that this happens for a sufficiently short time. But we agree that there are grains of truth in these claims: which we make precise and justify using perturbation theory., Forthcoming in Journal of Physics: Conference Proceedings, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in Memoriam Paul Busch
Published: 2020

41. Comparison of ν μ - Ar multiplicity distributions observed by MicroBooNE to GENIE model predictions: MicroBooNE Collaboration

Author: Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Castillo Fernandez, R, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Del Tutto, M, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Escudero Sanchez, L, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, de Vries, JJ, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Martinez Caicedo, DA, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, Mettler, T, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Mogan, A, Moon, J, Mooney, M, and Moore, CD
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Molecular, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. We evaluate three neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of $$800~\hbox {MeV}$$ 800 MeV , using an exposure corresponding to $$ 5.0\times 10^{19}$$ 5.0 × 10 19 protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. We find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity.
Published: 2020
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42. Light dark sectors through the Fermion portal

Author: Tevong You, Sebastian A. R. Ellis, Luc Darmé, You, Tevong [0000-0003-2391-7463], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Dark photon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Operator (computer programming), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Physics, Missing energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, hep-ph, Effective Field Theories, Fermion, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Beyond Standard Model, Higgs boson, lcsh:QC770-798, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Neutrino, Regular Article - Theoretical Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Phenomenology (particle physics), 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Pairs of Standard Model fermions form dimension-3 singlet operators that can couple to new dark sector states. This "fermion portal" is to be contrasted with the lower-dimensional Higgs, vector and neutrino singlet portals. We characterise its distinct phenomenology and place effective field theory bounds on this framework, focusing on the case of fermion portals to a pair of light dark sector fermions. We obtain current and projected limits on the dimension-6 effective operator scale from a variety of meson decay experiments, missing energy and long-lived particle searches at colliders, as well as astrophysical and cosmological bounds. The DarkEFT public code is made available for recasting these limits, which we illustrate with various examples including an integrated-out heavy dark photon., Comment: 56 pages, 15 figures, DarkEFT public code available at https://github.com/Luc-Darme/DarkEFT. References added, matches published version on JHEP
Published: 2020

43. Definitions of local density in density-dependent potentials for mixtures

Author: James A. Elliott, Peter Vanya, Elliott, James [0000-0002-4887-6250], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Dissipative particle dynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), Context (language use), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Constraint (information theory), Density dependent, Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Particle, Statistical physics, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 010306 general physics, Particle density, Constant (mathematics), Physics - Computational Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Mathematics
Abstract: Density-dependent potentials are frequently used in materials simulations due to their approximate description of many-body effects at minimal computational cost. However, in order to apply such models to multi-component systems, an appropriate definition of total local particle density is required. Here, we discuss two definitions of local density in the context of many-body dissipative particle dynamics. We show that only a potential which combines local densities from all particle types in its argument gives physically meaningful results for all composition ratios. Drawing on the ideas from metal potentials, we redefine local density such that it can accommodate different inter-type interactions despite the constraint to keep the main interaction parameter constant, known as Warren's no-go theorem, and generalise the many-body potential to heterogeneous systems. We then show via simulation how liquid-liquid and liquid-solid coexistence can arise just by tuning the interaction parameters., 5 pages, 5 figures, published version
Published: 2020

44. First measurement of the charged current ν ¯ μ double differential cross section on a water target without pions in the final state

Author: Abe, K, Akutsu, R, Ali, A, Alt, C, Andreopoulos, C, Anthony, L, Antonova, M, Aoki, S, Ariga, A, Ashida, Y, Atkin, ET, Awataguchi, Y, Ban, S, Barbi, M, Barker, GJ, Barr, G, Barry, C, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M, Beloshapkin, A, Bench, F, Berardi, V, Berkman, S, Berns, L, Bhadra, S, Bienstock, S, Blondel, A, Bolognesi, S, Bourguille, B, Boyd, SB, Brailsford, D, Bravar, A, Bronner, C, Buizza Avanzini, M, Calcutt, J, Campbell, T, Cao, S, Cartwright, SL, Catanesi, MG, Cervera, A, Chappell, A, Checchia, C, Cherdack, D, Chikuma, N, Christodoulou, G, Coleman, J, Collazuol, G, Cook, L, Coplowe, D, Cudd, A, Dabrowska, A, De Rosa, G, Dealtry, T, Denner, PF, Dennis, Densham, C, Di Lodovico, F, Dokania, N, Dolan, S, Drapier, O, Dumarchez, J, Dunne, P, Eklund, L, Emery-Schrenk, S, Ereditato, A, Fernandez, P, Feusels, T, Finch, AJ, Fiorentini, GA, Fiorillo, G, Francois, C, Friend, M, Fujii, Y, Fujita, R, Fukuda, D, Fukuda, R, Fukuda, Y, Gameil, K, Giganti, C, Golan, T, Gonin, M, Gorin, A, Guigue, M, Hadley, DR, Haigh, JT, Hamacher-Baumann, P, Hartz, M, Hasegawa, T, Hastings, NC, Hayashino, T, Hayato, Y, Hiramoto, A, Hogan, M, Holeczek, J, Hong Van, NT, Iacob, F, Ichikawa, AK, Ikeda, M, Ishida, T, Ishii, T, Ishitsuka, M, Dennis, Steve [0000-0001-9099-8895], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: © 2020 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. This paper reports the first differential measurement of the charged-current ν¯μ interaction cross section on water with no pions in the final state. The unfolded flux-averaged measurement using the T2K off-axis near detector is given in double-differential bins of μ+ momentum and angle. The integrated cross section in a restricted phase space is σ=(1.11±0.18)×10-38 cm2 per water molecule. Comparisons with several nuclear models are also presented.
Published: 2020

45. Neutron scattering for STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

Author: Katherine A. Brown, David P. Hoogerheide, V. Trevor Forsyth, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Nuclear physics, 5110 Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Materials science, Structural biology, General Physics and Astronomy, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Neutron scattering, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: The past two decades have seen explosive growth in research on structural molecular biology. High-throughput techniques for determining biological structures are yielding large amounts of information about atomic-, cellular-, and tissue-scale organization. Advances are driven by modern high-brilliance synchrotron sources, synchrotron-based full-field x-ray microscopy and tomography, free-electron lasers, and cryoelectron microscopy facilities. The scientific landscape is changing at a remarkable pace with increasing emphasis being placed on interdisciplinary and multi-technique approaches. Neutron scattering facilities around the globe are expanding their capabilities to provide unique and complementary insights about biological systems.
Published: 2020

46. Graduated dark energy: Observational hints of a spontaneous sign switch in the cosmological constant

Author: Luis A. Escamilla, John D. Barrow, J. Alberto Vázquez, Özgür Akarsu, Barrow, John [0000-0002-6083-9751], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Cosmological constant, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), De Sitter universe, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Null (mathematics), Universe, Redshift, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Maxima, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the cosmological constant ($\Lambda$) in the standard $\Lambda$CDM model by introducing the \textit{graduated dark energy} (gDE) characterised by a minimal dynamical deviation from the null inertial mass density of the $\Lambda$ in the form $\rho_{\rm inert}\propto \rho^{\lambda}, Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; matches the version to appear in PRD
Published: 2020

47. Manifestly Lorentz Invariant Chiral Boson Action

Author: Paul K. Townsend, Townsend, Paul [0000-0003-0311-9448], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, 4902 Mathematical Physics, Class (set theory), Worldsheet, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Conformal map, Lorentz covariance, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, String (physics), High Energy Physics::Theory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Boson, Heterotic string theory, Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Action (physics), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), 49 Mathematical Sciences, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: A manifestly Lorentz invariant action is found for the Floreanini-Jackiw chiral boson. The method involves a novel chiral reduction of the phase-space action for a string, and can be adapted to describe chiral bosons on the heterotic string worldsheet. A similar manifestly Lorentz invariant action is found for an entire class of conformal chiral 2k-form electrodynamics in (4k+2) dimensions which includes the Floreanini-Jackiw theory as the k=0$ case., Comment: 5 pp. Further minor corrections to V3 in V5
Published: 2020

48. The Ĥ-parameter: an oblique Higgs view

Author: Christoph Englert, Matthew McCullough, Admir Greljo, Gian F. Giudice, Greljo, A [0000-0002-6469-5425], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Higgs Physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Representation (mathematics), Mathematical physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Operator (physics), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Propagator, Oblique case, hep-ph, Effective Field Theories, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Beyond Standard Model, Higgs boson, lcsh:QC770-798, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We study, from theoretical and phenomenological angles, the Higgs boson oblique parameter $\hat{H}$, as the hallmark of off-shell Higgs physics. $\hat{H}$ is defined as the Wilson coefficient of the sole dimension-6 operator that modifies the Higgs boson propagator, within a Universal EFT. Theoretically, we describe self-consistency conditions on Wilson coefficients, derived from the K\"{a}ll\'{e}n-Lehmann representation. Phenomenologically, we demonstrate that the process $gg\to h^\ast \to VV$ is insensitive to propagator corrections from $\hat{H}$, and instead advertise four-top production as an effective high-energy probe of off-shell Higgs behaviour, crucial to break flat directions in the EFT., Comment: V2: Discussion of convergence significantly extended. FCC-hh projections added
Published: 2019

49. Leading exponential finite size corrections for non-diagonal form factors

Author: Istvan Vona, Márton Lájer, Balint Szepfalvi, Zoltan Bajnok, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 4902 Mathematical Physics, Diagonal form, Integrable system, Virtual particle, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Integrable Field Theories, 010306 general physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Finite volume method, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Field Theories in Lower Dimensions, Exponential function, Nonperturbative Effects, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), symbols, 49 Mathematical Sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics
Abstract: We derive the leading exponential finite volume corrections in two dimensional integrable models for non-diagonal form factors in diagonally scattering theories. These formulas are expressed in terms of the infinite volume form factors and scattering matrices. If the particles are bound states then the leading exponential finite-size corrections ($\mu$-terms) are related to virtual processes in which the particles disintegrate into their constituents. For non-bound state particles the leading exponential finite-size corrections (F-terms) come from virtual particles traveling around the finite world. In these F-terms a specifically regulated infinite volume form factor is integrated for the momenta of the virtual particles. The F-term is also present for bound states and the $\mu$-term can be obtained by taking an appropriate residue of the F-term integral. We check our results numerically in the Lee-Yang and sinh-Gordon models based on newly developed Hamiltonian truncations., Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2019

50. Particle Generative Adversarial Networks for full-event simulation at the LHC and their application to pileup description

Author: Maurizio Pierini, Thong Q. Nguyen, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Jesus Arjona Martinez, Maria Spiropulu, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Paper, History, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Education, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, hep-ph, Computer Science Applications, Generative model, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Particle, 5106 Nuclear and Plasma Physics, 51 Physical Sciences, Algorithm, Event (particle physics), Energy (signal processing), Generative grammar, Particle Physics - Experiment, Generator (mathematics)
Abstract: We investigate how a Generative Adversarial Network could be used to generate a list of particle four-momenta from LHC proton collisions, allowing one to define a generative model that could abstract from the irregularities of typical detector geometries. As an example of application, we show how such an architecture could be used as a generator of LHC parasitic collisions (pileup). We present two approaches to generate the events: unconditional generator and generator conditioned on missing transverse energy. We assess generation performances in a realistic LHC data-analysis environment, with a pileup mitigation algorithm applied., 7 pages, 5 figures. To be appeared in Proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research
Published: 2019

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