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The migration of people affects the geographical distribution of the population and the demographic composition of areas over the short, medium and long terms. To recognise and respond to the corresponding needs and challenges, including consequences for service provision, social cohesion and population health, there is a continuing need to understand migration patterns of the past and present. Area classifications are a useful tool to simplify the inherently complex data on migration flows and characteristics. Yet, existing classifications often lack direct migration measures or focus solely on cross-sectional data. This study addresses these limitations by employing Group-based Multi-Trajectory Modelling (GBMTM) to create a longitudinal, migration-specific classification of Great Britain's wards from 1981 to 2011, using six migration indicators. Using UK census data, we reveal six distinct migration clusters that highlight the rapid growth in studentifying neighbourhoods, the continuous influx of migrants into inner cities, and a noticeable North-South divide in terms of movers’ tenure enforced by persisting income selectivity. Additionally, the geographical distribution of clusters shows a common pattern in urban areas irrespective of size or location. The longitudinal perspective of our GBMTM classification highlights trends and changes in migration patterns that are not well reflected in either the general purpose or the cross-sectional migration classification that we used as comparators. We conclude that the method presented and the classification generated offer a novel lens on migration and provide new opportunities to explore the effects of migration on a variety of outcomes and at various scales.

This movement introduces the ethos of the collective project: its conceptual and practical preoccupations. It focuses on our concern with urban processes on the cusp of change, in the midst of being re-arranged, and thus homes in on the various polyrhythms of intersections, how things come together and diverge, how possibilities open and close in urban contexts of continuously shifting horizons.

Defining experiences of climate change loss and damage (L&D) is the topic of contentious debate across the social sciences and humanities. In this paper, we contribute to this debate by making loss(es) from climate change better legible. After detailing the complexity of the L&D debate from both a political and scientific perspective, we turn to phenomenological theory (Martin Heidegger, Tetsuro Watsuji, Bernhard Waldenfels) in order to make sense of climate's presence and the absences generated from changing climates. The phenomenology of loss we develop promises to help account for experiences of climate change that escape more traditional (social) scientific approaches to both economic and non-economic losses. More broadly, we present an alternative approach to applying phenomenology to research in social science (on climate change).

Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2020AAA0106000 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under U1936217. In this work, we use data from the UK government, Office for National Statistics, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, NHS Business Services Authority, the Met Office, and the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0, and the produced dataset contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right [2022]. We use OpenStreetMap data under the Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0. The satellite image data is collected from Esri under the Esri Master License Agreement. We acknowledge these publicly available data sources for promoting this study., This paper presents a fine-grained and multi-sourced dataset for environmental determinants of health collected from England cities. We provide health outcomes of citizens covering physical health (COVID-19 cases, asthma medication expenditure, etc.), mental health (psychological medication expenditure), and life expectancy estimations. We present the corresponding environmental determinants from four perspectives, including basic statistics (population, area, etc.), behavioural environment (availability of tobacco, health-care services, etc.), built environment (road density, street view features, etc.), and natural environment (air quality, temperature, etc.). To reveal regional differences, we extract and integrate massive environment and health indicators from heterogeneous sources into two unified spatial scales, i.e., at the middle layer super output area (MSOA) and the city level, via big data processing and deep learning. Our data holds great promise for diverse audiences, such as public health researchers and urban designers, to further unveil the environmental determinants of health and design methodology for a healthy, sustainable city.

Since austerity policies in the UK began in 2010, homelessness has risen rapidly. Drawing from feminist geographical theories and methodologies, this paper examines experiences of homelessness under austerity in Haringey, London through photo‐elicitation research with one participant, Tessa. This paper argues that home(un)making—the constantly shifting balance of homemaking and unmaking—is central to everyday experiences of, and resistance to, austerity. The paper first demonstrates how Tessa resists austerity through practices of homemaking that enable her to cope with the difficulties of homelessness at a time of austerity. Next, it explores how Tessa's relationships with other actors in the homeless shelter—other residents and government officials—contributed to processes of home‐unmaking, exacerbating the hardships she experiences. By developing the concept of home(un)making, therefore, this paper aims to show the dynamism of home for homeless people under austerity.

This paper examines how the spaces through which legal trials take place shape attitudes towards justice. There has been a growing academic interest in the role of courts in configuring the relationships between trial participants and consequently reproducing pre-established hierarchies of power. This paper builds on this work to consider the spatiality of trials from the perspective of a particular group of court users: defendants. Drawing on qualitative data drawn from a longitudinal study conducted in prisons in England and Wales, the paper examines how defendants perceive trial spaces, exploring in particular how such insights expand beyond the narrow focus on the courtroom to draw in experiences of transportation, holding cells, bodily restrictions and the provision of food. In doing so, we seek to contribute to debates concerning penal consciousness, whereby the subjectivity and embodiment of individual participants illuminate differential experiences of the material and legal nature of trial processes. The paper concludes by emphasising how a focus on penal consciousness can help to address perceptions of the injustice of trial outcomes while improving the accessibility of courts.

This essay analyzes four visual sources which shed light on the relationship between gender and animal intimacy in interwar Britain. They are all photographs which appeared in print media, mostly newspapers, and all relate to the production of wildlife films. The first is a montage of six photographs showing a woman’s friendship with the ‘strange savage beasts’ of the London Zoo; the second is an advertisement for a popular remedy; the third shows a director shooting a zoo film; the fourth contains shots from a documentary made in 1938. The essay focuses on three women – Gladys Callow, Mary Field and Evelyn Spice – all former schoolteachers who became involved in the production of zoo films. By analyzing this series of images, connections between contemporary ideas about gender, animal tameness and colonial domination are established, reflecting shifts in the depiction of animal intimacy in early twentieth-century Britain.

Funder: Gates Cambridge Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005370, Funder: Department of Geography, University of Geography, Although much debate has been undertaken about the insider-outsider and in-betweener positionalities within social science research, the third-culture researcher (TCR) represents an under-researched identity which demands greater attention. Conducting doctoral fieldwork in Islamabad as a TCR gave rise to challenges that were navigated through the use of a research broker. The TCR positionality represents one who visits their country of ethnicity for the purposes of conducting research having mostly lived abroad, or as one who conducts research in a country where they have mostly lived but do not share ethnicity. I argue that research brokers are particularly important for TCRs — and in-betweener researchers more generally — because they provide contextual grounding, protection, and access to people and places where TCRs have partial familiarity with local conditions and where all actors involved are embedded within a context of risk. Research brokers also supplement TCRs’ in-between status by negotiating and managing their own positionality and skillset to facilitate interaction between the researcher and participants. This process can be challenging and has its limitations. I assert this by drawing on joint reflections and an interview with my research broker, as well as personal anecdotes. The TCR-broker relationship transforms knowledge production in multiple ways. Firstly, working with an actor with a unique positionality and skillset offers insight into how different identities interact and engage to shape research relations and outcomes. Secondly, it highlights how the research site is experienced differently and carries various meanings, significance, and consequences for those involved. Finally, the TCR-broker relationship offers the opportunity to engage in candid discussions about the benefits and limitations involved in working with others. The broker creates a significant impression on the research during fieldwork and beyond. Highlighting their voices adds to our scholarly understanding of the impact of positionality on qualitative social science methodological research.

The increasing fortification of borders produces new urban forms of irregular migration. This paper invokes the concept of “borderzone departure cities” as urban constellations created where global migration routes meet blocked borders in cities which become jumping‐off points from which migrants try to depart. The paper examines Athens and Calais as borderzone departure cities located at both sides of the EU Schengen area. By focussing on the Athenian City Plaza squat and the makeshift Calais Jungle camp as emblematic yet relational spaces of departure, the paper moves beyond the squat/camp divide to better understand how irregular migrants struggle against hostile bordering apparatuses through urban practices of meanwhile inhabitation and mobile commoning. The paper illustrates how these spaces were variously assembled, run, and experienced to form the conditions for movement and stay, each holding different potentials for creating solidarity infrastructures and negotiating forms of migrant citizenship to support the uncertain urban realities of those stuck on the move.

Contains fulltext : 292463.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This article considers how urban peripheries are made and unmade by forms of "shifting" . We examine these shifts from the perspective of rickshaw garages and mess dormitories in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which both offer makeshift working and living arrangements to rural–urban migrants. By explicitly situating these spaces as part of the movements and crisscrossing trajectories that animate urban peripheries, we challenge the tendency in urban scholarship to analyze peripheral and marginalized spaces primarily through the lens of habitation. Breaking with residentialist and sedentarist approaches to urban space, we present rickshaw garages and mess dormitories as spaces that are enabling and undergoing various forms of shifting, as their occupants move and alternate between different places, neighborhoods, and spatial arrangements to establish a continuity of work and income. We argue that these forms of manoeuvring are made possible by a degree of spatial malleability that reflects the territorial impermanence of the periphery itself, which is continuously pushed sideways through tandem processes of precariousness and improvement. By directing attention to the "shifting" in "makeshift", we contribute to a less static understanding of how labor migrants try to hold their place in the city amidst wider processes of exclusion, expansion, and densification. 22 p.

Peer reviewed: True, The most significant episode in the assetisation of housing (underpinning its financialisation) is often understood to be the economic restructuring that took place during the 1980s – particularly deregulation of the banking sector and credit liberalisation. Research has reported on the housing ‘investor subject’ that emerged during this time, as an integral part of the transition towards financialised economies. This article provides new evidence about the housing consumer subject, and its place in this transition, by drilling into UK housing policy history and its discourses around the consumer relationship with housing. Using archive data from the Parliamentary and National Archives alongside interviews with key informers, we illustrate three cases of housing policy development in which the consumer demand for, and relationship with, housing is discursively reconditioned. We conclude that the housing investor subject was pursued in housing policy reform and its discourses well before the 1980s and the economic reforms commonly identified as the causes of financialisation. In addition, these discourses are found to have been reconditioned in order to align with broader macroeconomic policy concerns of the time. The article therefore provides a rare view of assetisation from within the state apparatus, revealing how housing policy and its discourses around consumption became functionally integrated within wider macroeconomic goals.

In this commentary we reflect on the potential and power of geographical analysis, as a set of methods, theoretical approaches, and perspectives, to increase our understanding of how space and place matter for women. We emphasize key aspects of the field, including accessibility, urban change, and spatial interaction and behavior, providing a high-level research agenda that indicates a variety of gaps and routes for future research that will not only lead to more equitable and aware solutions to local and global challenges, but also innovative and novel research methods, concepts, and data. We close with a set of gender, representation, and inclusion challenges to our discipline, researchers, and publication outlets.

We examine the role of social capital in explaining the highly unequal regional distribution of firms’ carcinogenic releases. Our model predicts that social capital, by enabling information-sharing and coordination among community members, decreases carcinogenic releases. Our analysis, based on the US county-level releases derived from around 2 million chemical-facility-level reports during the period 1998–2019 and the instrumental variables approach, confirms our prediction. However, the impact is reduced when counties rely on waste-releasing firms for economic opportunities. An important policy implication of our study is that the efficacy of initiatives to alleviate environmental injustice is likely to depend on communities’ social capital.

The age of migration finds its physical manifestation in the immigrant neighbourhoods of European cities. These ‘ethnic enclaves’ have received much attention from the public, as well as policy makers. Conventional wisdom holds that policies are required to confront such concentrations. Several European countries have implemented measures to achieve a spatial balance – be it through settlement bans or allocation quotas – in the name of fostering immigrants’ integration.However, the scholarly verdict on the relationship between segregation and integration is still pending. This article aims to contribute a novel approach, namely discourse analysis of immigrants’ Facebook groups. To this end, it first establishes the level of segregation in six cities (three in Germany and three in England) using data held by municipal archives. Second, it scrutinises 119 Facebook groups of Pakistanis and Turks in these cities, with a total of 2665 posts. This exploratory analysis suggests that desegregation might be causative for downwards assimilation and transnationalism, whereas ethnic enclaves might provide the basis for a pluralist mode of integration. Therefore, it argues for a re-evaluation of the suitability of dispersal policies for shaping the transformation of ever more European cities into multi-ethnic metropolises.

This chapter explores citizen action in the context of the state-citizen relationship, focused on how citizens make material and political claims through both formal institutional and informal everyday channels. Employing the analytical framework of invited and invented participation (Andrea Cornwall, John Gaventa), the chapter uses case studies from India and South Africa to critically explore whether participatory forms of urban governance can empower citizens and transform cities to become more just and inclusionary spaces without (re)creating forms of inequality and marginalisation. The case studies comprise Delhi’s state-initiated Bhagiadri scheme, to which middle-class homeowners and municipal officials were invited to develop consensual solutions to city problems, to the dynamic and inventive ways in which low-income beneficiaries of state-subsidised housing in Cape Town adapt their welfare product to better suit their needs. In both empirical examples, the role of the state in (de)legitimising citizens, actions and issues is common. At the same time, the chapter reveals the ways in which citizen action can bypass participatory spaces to create alternative spaces of radical disruption. These alternative (invented) spaces of citizen action can be both loud and performative (e.g. violent and peaceful protests), as well as more quiet and everyday (e.g. changes to the built environment), and yet both challenge the authority of the state (and other institutions) in sometimes very effective ways.

Historical and cultural approaches to climate generally consider climate to be a stabilising concept between weather and culture. Different historical and cultural concepts of climate signify different ways of learning to live with the weather. However, anthropogenic climate change evidences the limit of this approach: instead of stabilising, climates ephemeralise together with the ways we have come to adapt to them. Changing climates require a concept of climate that captures how climates are experienced both as stable and ephemeral. To create such a concept, I engage in an exercise of counterfactual etymology, reconstructing the concept of climate that might have emerged from the Ancient Greek term hora as opposed to klima. Central to my re-creation of phenomenological climate are Plato's myths, through which I highlight the methodological kinship between myth and phenomenology. Drawing on a later dialogue, Philebus, I provide an ontological account of climates as both stable and ephemeral. I conclude by situating my approach to climate and its changes in recent work on the relationship between weather and climate, arguing for the necessity of phenomenological climate in order to make sense of what changes with climate change. My turn to Ancient Greek philosophy and its application to the phenomenology of climate and its changes sounds out a novel approach to research in historical geography.

Funder: Harding Fund at Hertford College, University of Oxford, This paper offers a detailed empirical account of how human–environment relations were reconfigured in the UK and Ireland during the 2020–2021 COVID‐19 lockdowns, a period which natural scientists defined as the COVID‐19 Anthropause. Bringing this scientific concept into conversation with geographical work, we consider anthropause as both a lived condition and an historical moment of space–time decompression. Our expanded conceptualisation of anthropause, centred on lived experience and everyday life, develops a more hopeful politics than those offered by the ‘Great Acceleration’ narrative, which suggests digital media and urbanisation separate humans from nature. In contrast, we identify affirmative and inclusive modes of ‘anthropause environmentalism’ and explore their potential for fostering convivial human–nature relations in a world that is increasingly urban, digital, and powered by vernacular expertise. To make this argument, we turn to the Self‐Isolating Bird Club, an online birdwatching community operating across several social media platforms which, at the pandemic's height, reached over 50,000 members. We trace three key changes to human–nature relations illustrated by this group which we use to structure our paper: connection, community and cultivation. The COVID‐19 Anthropause recalibrated the fabric and rhythms of everyday life, changing what counts as a meaningful human–nature relationship. This paper will be of interest to geographers exploring environmental change at the interface of more‐than‐human and digital geographies, as well as environmentalists and conservationists. To conclude, we offer suggestions as to how scholars and practitioners might harness the lessons of anthropause to respond to the ‘anthropulse’.

Kamal Aljafari’s film Port of Memory opens with a long tracking shot of a grand, decaying house at twilight. The camera lingers on the bones of a structure that bears traces of other times and previous inhabitation. It is surprising that someone born and raised in Ramle should think to tell the story of Jaffa instead of his originary city. Port of Memory is a meditation on the state of Palestinians within Israel. Aljafari employs repetition, juxtaposition, and humour as structuring principles, instead of linear narrative driven by nostalgia. He departs from dominant spectacular filmic representations by focusing on the materiality of the city and the minutiae, sounds and gestures of everyday life: the city’s infrastructure. The gaping maw of settler-colonial expansionism is the lurking menace to the inhabitants and the buildings that offer them both a physical extension and cover.

This paper examines the causes of infant mortality for the port town of Ipswich between 1872 and 1909. Ipswich is the only town in England for which a complete run of computer-readable, individual-level causes of death are available in the late 19th and early 20th century. Our work makes use of the ICD10h coding system being developed to contribute to two projects: Digitising Scotland (University of Edinburgh) and SHiP — Studying the history of Health in Port Cities (Radboud University, Nijmegen). We consider annual and quinquennial mortality rates amongst Ipswich's youngest residents by age, sex, seasonality and cause. The individual causes of death not only offer insight into conditions in the town, but also highlight questions concerning how best to interpret the information provided when both medical terminology and registration practices were changing over the decades of the study. Ipswich infant mortality rates very closely mirrored those of England as a whole, rather than the most unhealthy large cities, such as Liverpool or Manchester. It becomes clear that birth itself was a major cause of neonatal, even some post-neonatal, deaths. While water-food borne diseases killed large numbers in the summer months, it was the ever-present airborne diseases which carried off a greater number of small victims. Although the records offer a rich vein of data to explore, some causes of death, such as convulsions and teething, remain enigmatic and require further research.

Across the different vernaculars of the world's urban majorities, there is renewed bewilderment as to what is going on in the cities in which they reside and frequently self-build. Prices are unaffordable and they are either pushed out or strongly lured away from central locations. Work is increasingly temporary, if available at all, and there is often just too much labour involved to keep lives viably in place. Not only do they look for affordability and new opportunities at increasingly distant suburbs and hinterlands, but for orientations, for ways of reading where things are heading, increasingly hedging their bets across multiple locations and affiliations. Coming together to write this piece from our own multiple orientations, we are eight researchers who, over the past year, joined to consider how variegated trajectories of expansion unsettle the current logics of city-making. We have used the notion of extensions as a way of thinking about operating in the middle of things, as both a reflection of and a way of dealing with this unsettling. An unsettling that disrupts clear designations of points of departure and arrival, of movement and settlement, of centre and periphery, of time and space., Dialogues in Human Geography, ISSN:2043-8206, ISSN:2043-8214

Funder: University of Adelaide; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001786, Hobby and part‐time farming have become important elements of agricultural development in peri‐urban areas of developed countries. Although there has been renewed interest recently in examining the characteristics of this farming, studies have rarely attempted to consider its role in transitional multifunctional landscapes. This article reports on research in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, using surveys and semi‐structured interviews to examine contributions of hobby and part‐time farmers to an evolving multifunctionality. Hobby farmers are often recent, well‐educated migrants transferring capital from urban areas to the peri‐urban fringe. They engage in various on‐farm and off‐farm activities, with an emphasis on pro‐environmental actions and/or keeping horses. In contrast, part‐time farmers commonly have a farming background and are often transitioning out of farming while retaining farm‐based enterprises representing up to half their household income. While hobby farmers are seeking amenity value from the fringe, part‐time farmers are a more integral component of the conventional rural economy. A re‐evaluation of the importance of the growing numbers of hobby and part‐time farmers is vital as urbanisation pressures increase in peri‐urban fringes of major Australian cities. These farmers represent an important bulwark against urban sprawl, helping to retain agricultural and environmental land uses on the fringe.

‘Ideology’ is, admittedly, a slippery social scientific concept that comes with a heavy load of disparate theoretical baggage. However, we suggest, it is also an indispensable resource for the critical study of contemporary planning practice. In this paper, we attempt to develop a fresh way of approaching the study of ideological dynamics in contemporary planning practice by bringing together a post-foundational understanding of the domain of ‘the ideological’ with insights from the emerging, multidisciplinary research field of valuation studies and recent developments within critical planning studies. On this basis, the paper proposes an approach that operationalizes the ideological in a strictly functional manner based on empirical observations of the capacity of a statement or concept to defer, displace or diffuse political tensions at a particular time and place. Based on an understanding of ideological functioning as a situational and contextual phenomenon, we conclude that the ‘ideological purchase’, i.e. the emically perceived ideological use-value of various concepts, will be variable across time and space. Semiotic operators that generate ideological effects, such as linguistic concepts, can thus be perceived by their users to be more or less situationally effective in their ideological function, and hence be of more or less ideological value as tools to resolve tensions between and enable the mobilization of coalitions of actors at various times and places. It should thus be possible to empirically track the fluctuations in the ideological value of concepts, i.e. how well are they perceived by the relevant actors in their own contexts to do the job of staving off conflict and political friction; and further, to analyze what concepts are increasing or decreasing in ideological value at a specific time and place. In the paper we outline this novel approach to the analysis of ideological dynamics in planning and further provide an exploratory application of the approach on field material relating to the shifting ideological value of the concept of ‘sustainability’ within urban planning and strategy processes in Cambridge (UK) and Sydney (Australia).

The context of crisis and austerity has provided a legitimate alibi for the inscription of neoliberal narratives grounded in the virtues of the market in Portugal. In 2004 the state enacted a new model of ‘urban requalification’, enabling the creation of Urban Requalification Societies (SRU in the Portuguese acronym) that initiated entrepreneurial and discretionary models of decision and delivery beyond existing state bureaucracies. Based on both quantitative and qualitative evidence from the cases of Lisbon and Porto, this paper offers a critical appraisal of the efficacy of these organizations to secure the provision of affordable rental housing in situ and to maintain less resourceful families in the city centres. Results show that the SRU model, combined with restrictive funding schemes and neoliberal politics, which have promoted the gradual liberalization of rent controls and real estate speculation, have reinforced processes of social and spatial inequality.

In the last decade, contract farming has regained momentum among policymakers and global development agencies as a tool to promote inclusive rural development and responsible investments. Integrating smallholders within global, regional and national agricultural value chains, we are told, represents the sine qua non for alleviating rural poverty. In Uganda, under the label of out-grower schemes, contract farming is currently undergoing massive expansion, driven especially by the boom in sugarcane cultivation. Drawing from three case studies of sugarcane contract farming in Uganda, the paper re-politicizes the debate around contract farming by looking at the power relations within which these schemes are embedded. We argue, what is seen in Uganda's expansion is a political dynamic derived both from the major dislocations and dispossessions required to establish the plantation estate and its work force, as well as from the effort to bring many smallholders using unimproved methods on land with sometimes unclear tenure arrangements into contracted arrangements for supplying sugarcane. The result has been highly contentious politics around sugar's expansion, where struggles over land dispossession merge with those around exploitative wage labour, around the loss and transformation of livelihoods, and around debt, power inequalities and environmental harm, a matrix in which state violence and co-optation are ever-present.

This article analyzes the critical geopolitics of knowledge production in Brazil during the 20th century. It offers a critical appraisal of recent calls to decolonize political geography by locating the role played by actors and institutions in the Global South within the broader narrative of the Green Revolution. Historical accounts of the Green Revolution have only recently started to incorporate perspectives of and attribute agency to actors in the Global South. However, Brazil has largely been left out of the geographical scope of the Green Revolution. This article focuses on U.S.-Brazilian geopolitical relations behind an effort to reproduce the U.S. model of higher education, rural extension and agricultural research in Brazil. I argue that the confluence of Brazil's geopolitical importance with opportunities for foreign investment in its agricultural sector brought together U.S. and Brazilian experts and expertise to modernize Brazilian agriculture. The case of transnational soybean research illustrates the importance of this relationship in transforming Brazil's agricultural sector and limiting alternatives. This article offers an account of how the geopolitics of knowledge production shape the long-term institutional legacies of national research institutions.

Gilles Deleuze and Mo Yan: A Cartography of Becomings stages an encounter between the literature of the Chinese Nobel Prize laureate, Mo Yan, and the thought of Gilles Deleuze. Contributing to the emerging interest of literary geographers in Deleuzian and non-representational approaches to the literary text, the thesis identifies in Mo Yan’s writings the material for a ‘cartography of becomings.’ The cartographic history of geographical thought is in many ways a Western-centric one. Yet, the Eastern context in which Mo Yan’s writings are produced and situated is not their main geographical significance, nor does his work provide the basis of a classical geopolitical account. Rather, I argue that the real geographical significance of his writing lies in its minor tendencies. Beyond the reception of Mo Yan as a literary master and the voice of contemporary Communist China, his writings have far more minor and molecular tendencies, which the thesis maps, with an eye to providing a cartography of emerging intensities and novel collective enunciations. The thesis deploys Deleuze’s concept of becoming as an ontological condition of genesis, rather than merely the transition of one state of being to another. As such, the thesis mobilises a series of becomings – specifically, becoming-literature, becoming-woman, becoming-animal, becoming-minor, becoming-deterritorialized and becoming-posthumous. To reorient literary geography from the image of stable being to that of dynamic becoming, I argue, is to realize the affectivity of life, which constantly varies in its encounter with the milieu. In producing a cartography of the transformations immanent to the work of Mo Yan, the thesis aims to show that the act of mapping such becomings does not so much offer a representation of the world in which we live, but is a performative production of new ways of grasping contemporary reality. In the face of the increasingly affective character of the cultural, political and social spheres, the contribution of the thesis is to draw, from the singular character of Mo Yan’s work, insights into the broader project facing literary geography today; namely, to develop an attention to the intensive transformations of contemporary life.

Addressing the climate crisis requires practices for recognising the ecological condition of the body and its enmeshment with the more-than-human world. Significant humanities and social sciences scholarship argues that embodiment is key to dismantling dominant anthropocentric structures that understand humans as separate from or superior to the environment. From my position as a contemporary dance artist, I unpack how the methodical processes of contemporary dance exemplify a practice-based approach to embodied knowledge that engenders greater understanding of the ecological condition of the body’s interconnection with the more-than- human world. Highlighting transdisciplinary correspondences between dance practice methods and theoretical insights from feminist, ecocultural, First Nations, and environmental philosophy scholars, I identify four key frameworks through which dance practices affect embodied awareness of an ecological condition. These are: Knowing Multiplicity, Attending to an In-Motion Condition, Indivisibility at the Body-World Threshold, and Multisensory Ways of Knowing. With these correspondences, I formulate the new theoretical framework of embodied ecological awareness to describe the particular knowledge dance practices cultivate and can contribute to broader ecological discourses. To demonstrate how dance practices develop this knowledge, I engage a body-centred autoethnographic methodology to analyse key experiences of dance practice exercises and the embodied understandings they promote. In finding that these exercises develop corporeal understandings of the interconnected, in-motion multiplicities constituting and interweaving the body’s internal and external environments — understandings identified as explicitly ecological — I propose that dance practices develop a form of knowledge that is imminently relevant to recuperating human-environment relations in the face of climate crisis: that is, embodied ecological awareness.

This article aims to contextualise the inherent resilience of Central Eurasian states through the exploration of their particular history. The main purpose is to ground the ideas of resilience and capacity building in the context of the geography and ecology of Central Eurasia thus confronting the current views of the need for making these communities resilient by borrowing European, Western or global ‘best practice’ in order to achieve stability and development. This paper offers an overview of the history of the region to bring into focus the ‘local’ Central Eurasian milieu. The sophisticated tapestry of understanding, action and strategies developed over centuries has made this region resilient in the face of unpredictability caused by natural and manmade events. This paper seeks to locate how the region has consistently overcome obstacles in its long history of inhabiting a disparate space. We apply the term intercalation here to describe the emergence of a collective identity from strongly interacting ingredients that represents the inherent resilience of the region. Consequently, the focus is on the ways in which communities within the region connect, cooperate and build nodes of interaction to achieve prosperity and development.

Multi-unit dwelling (MUD) development is complex and involves multiple relationships, introducing market risks. Following the Global Financial Crisis, a ‘boom-bust’ MUD market cycle eventuated in Sydney against a contrasting political and economic backdrop. The 2017-19 supply peak was crucially enabled through off-the-plan sales by ‘project marketers’ (PMs). Many new entrants into the project marketing industry sharpened competition. Established ways of working were disrupted by technological innovation. REAs needed to adapt to retain market share. An understanding of PM roles and practices in facilitating this ownership exchange is under-represented in existing research. This thesis presents an institutional theory-based conceptual model to investigate the embeddedness of PM actions and relations within institutional ‘structures’. The key question is how PMs evolve over a market cycle to influence market outcomes as key ‘institutions’, or ‘urban managers’? A mixed-methods approach utilises interviews with 36 industry professionals involved in MUD sales practices in the peak (2017-19) and downturn (2020-21). Secondary data charts the sales industry structure and capabilities empowering PMs during the supply peak. These discussions uncover the consequences of sales practices on the spatial distribution of new supply and MUD ownership profile. PMs were found to adjust to changing institutional ‘rules’. Their ‘beliefs’ on the dominant MUD buyer profile shifted over a market cycle. In the boom, financial and government institutions supported voluminous sales to foreign buyers and investors. Little effort was needed to reach sales ‘goals’, high pre-sale rates and prices. Official imposition of constraints dissipated demand in the bust, but fiscal stimuli supported sales to owner-occupiers. As building defects came to the fore, PMs’ ‘information provider’ ‘role’ became more prominent to allay buyer concerns. Sales ‘practices’ were modified to suit the temporal context. While voluminous sales were secured using channel agents on high commissions in the boom, more sophisticated marketing tools were deemed essential to prop up sales in the bust.

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M In this paper, we explain how China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) drives urban transformation in Nepal reconfiguring geopolitical and geoeconomic relations and remaking the sociopolitical, cultural and material fabric of hitherto peripheral spaces. Given that BRI infrastructures materialize in parallel with Chinese-funded reconstruction projects, we pay attention to the role of post-disaster politics to unravel how ongoing urban transformation does not only affect the present and the future but also people's histories and post-disaster memories by treating places of (re)building as empty of previous life and history. By drawing on 16 months of fieldwork, we show that despite the evident role of the BRI as an agent of urban transformation, the materialization of most BRI projects depends on geopolitical rivalries, negotiations, unstable local coalitions and escalating social contestation. We conclude that in the post-disaster era, BRI projects have become new vehicles towards Naya [new] Nepal, along with many other infrastructural myths that preceded the country's modern history. Nonetheless, the Naya urban Nepal that is emerging from the ruins of the past is contested and uncertain, a far cry from the days of the Panchayat regime and the civil war, when such gargantuan projects were rarely challenged by Nepali people. This is the unique trajectory of Silk Road urbanization in Nepal: an ultimate path to reach a long due rural-to-urban transition that is inextricably linked with decades of infrastructural violence and precarity and strongly shaped by people's struggles against the unequal geographies of BRI-driven urban transformation.

Mara Ferreri’s new book is a welcomed addition to the rapidly expanding temporary urbanism literature in several ways. First, the book is situated in London, which is an under-researched area in temporary urbanism. Although Lauren Andres and Amy Zhang (2020) present a large collection of the practice of temporary urbanism around the world, only one of the 14 studies involves London, covering three small projects of gardening or retail uses of public spaces only. London holds a unique place in the field of temporary urbanism. It is not only one of the cities where the idea of temporary urbanism is propelled to the rest of the world, but also an ideal testing bed for the effectiveness of temporary urbanism as a solution to urban issues. Specifically, London has the practice of temporary urbanism for decades across a wide spectrum, large social and economic disparity among neighbourhoods, good concentration of artistic and performative practitioners and active creative industries, and the experience of hosting many mega events and consequently a series of mass redevelopment and regeneration projects. Simply put, London deserves its own book in temporary urbanism, just like Berlin in Overmeyer (2007). The Permanence of Temporary Urbanism: Normalising Precarity in Austerity London fills this gap. Moreover, the book focuses on the temporary uses of privately owned properties, which offers rich context for discussions on the complex relationship among multiple stakeholders, such as local governments, property developers, real estate agents, landlords, and art practitioners. Therefore, it is a good companion of Alessandro Melis, Jose Antonio Lara-Hernandez and James Thompson’s (2019) book on the temporary appropriation of public space in cities. The in-depth analysis based on primary data obtained from longitudinal and semi-ethnographic studies is also unique, because many of the recent publications on the topic tend to use either secondary data or adopt short study period, such as the examples in Madanipour (2017). In summary, the book will make a good supplementary reading in a course that covers temporary urbanism, and a useful reference for research on this topic.

Drawing on ethnographic data collected while working as a deckhand on two Scottish trawlers, this article analyses the spatialisation of social, religious, and economic inequalities that marked relations between crew members while they hunted for prawns in the North Sea. Moreover, it explores these inequalities as a wider feature of life in Gamrie, Aberdeenshire, a Brethren and Presbyterian fishing village riven by disparities in wealth and religion. Inequalities identified by fishermen at sea mirrored those identified by residents onshore, resulting in fishing boats being experienced as small floating villages. Drawing on the work of Rodney Needham, this article suggests that these asymmetries can be traced along a vertical axis, with greater to lesser wealth and religiosity moving from top/above to bottom/below. The article seeks to understand the presence and persistence of these hierarchies at sea and on land, by revisiting dual classification within anthropological theory.

Using a combination of discourse analysis in policy documents and ethnographic fieldwork, this paper interrogates the relation between Colombia’s pluri-ethnic turn and the governance of cosmopolitan multiculturalism in the capital city, Bogotá. Focussing on the city’s most important development framework, the POT (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial), it reveals the controversy that exists between the multicultural discourses of the public administration (rooted in claims of ethno-racial equality and Affirmative Action) and their operationalisation in urban planning. In doing so, the paper conceptualises the urban governmentality of multiculturalism as the apparatus through which the municipality has been removing anti-racism and a race-informed understanding of socio-spatial dynamics from Bogotá’s official agenda of ‘cosmopolitan multiculturalism.’ By drawing on Latin American racial theories of mestizaje, the paper thus extends the understanding of how neoliberal urban governance, while celebrating cultural diversity, denies the racialization of space in the city

Dispersal has acquired an increasingly central role within state-led border control strategies in Europe and North Africa. Scholars have, however, tended to apprehend dispersal in its geographical dimension, failing to interrogate bordering beyond spatial distancing from the territorial edges of the state. Furthermore, dispersal strategies in non-European countries are underexplored. We start filling these gaps by examining how dispersal operates in Morocco – a country where, since the announcement of a new migration policy in 2013, the routine internal dispersal of groups of darkskinned people racially profiled as ‘illegal sub-Saharan’ by Moroccan police forces has become commonplace. Drawing on extensive qualitative fieldwork conducted between 2016 and 2019, as well press articles and NGO reports, we advance a dynamic understanding of bordering by analysing how the repeated spatial relocation of migrant people works through and in tandem with mechanisms of dispossession. We draw together literature on dispersal as migration governance and on dispossession as containment, proposing that dispersal activates practices of dispossession that expand the reach of bordering beyond spatial distance, turning it into an embodied technology: migrant people profiled as ‘sub-Saharan’ experience bordering as a form of inflicted hypermobility and a condition of protracted, unbearable living to which they are confined

This paper, based on historical and contemporary dynamics of railway infrastructures in Kenya, analyses how mega-infrastructures are central in state practices of infrastructural territorialisation – an infrastructure-based production of territoriality as a historically and geographically specific form of spatio-political order and organisation, imbued with social tensions, stemming from the state-led imposition of a techno-politics onto its territory. Focusing on territorial and political objectives of the state advanced through the Uganda Railway and the Standard Gauge Railway, the paper demonstrates how both of these projects have been central in colonial and contemporary practices of infrastructural territorialisation, albeit in mercurial ways that do not fully represent original techno-political intensions of the state. This discussion, first, highlights how megaprojects – although primarily analysed by recent geographical scholarship as advancing contemporary geographies of global capitalism – also contingently coalesce with state (re)territorialisation practices. Second, undertaking these analyses in the Kenyan context, the paper shows how, despite shared historical dynamics of contingent state territorialisation – and the reconstitution of racial and socio-economic inequalities, advanced through megaprojects that in Kenya are socially interpreted through historical experiences of colonialism – current infrastructural territorialisations are also different; whilst the colonial territorialisation of Kenya emerged as relatively unchallenged, its present state territory-making is undermined by both the global character of megaprojects and the external actors that the state relies on for its practices of infrastructural territorialisation.

This study asks: in the general absence of a functioning and effective civil administration in Juba's huge suburbs, how have people negotiated personal disputes and neighbourhood management since conflict began in 2013? Who arbitrates in Juba, and on what terms? This study challenges top-down analyses that see political-military elites managing their ethnic enclaves of followers and fighters through nepotism and gifts. Such patronage requires the complex negotiation of responsibilities and rights, including over community safety and order. In Juba, the local authorities who mediate this have been built by men and women with extensive expertise and connections in South Sudan's long history of ‘civil-military’ governance systems. These local authorities have established lasting institutions by negotiating rights to residence in, arbitrating over, and knowing the human geography of their neighbourhoods. Their authority is rooted in this deep politics, drawing on their detailed knowledge of topographies of power in these multi-ethnic, highly military neighbourhood spaces.

Becky Tunstall’s new book, The Fall and Rise of Social Housing: 100 Years on 20 Estates, makes a good companion to Edward Glaeser’s Triumph of the City (Glaeser 2011). Whilst Glaeser demonstrated that the concentration of urban poor is not necessarily negative, Tunstall shows the flip side of the coin: managing and assisting urban disadvantaged groups through public housing projects is a challenging and costly undertaking. Starting with a 1984 study of 20 unpopular council estates that eventually turned into a study of 19 mostly somewhat less popular than average mixed-tenure neighbourhoods, Tunstall takes her readers on a fascinating journey of the social housing history in the UK.

This thesis is about encounters with the experimental sonic arts—be that with ‘experimental’ styles of music or non-musical forms of sound art—and how those disorienting, ungrounding experiences expose the shortcomings of the ideas we habitually hold about ourselves. Intersecting with conceptually diverse claims in cultural geography that dispel the image of the human individual as something altogether separable from the wider processes of the social, material world, my intervention, following Gilles Deleuze and Baruch Spinoza, is to argue that how we as humans generally perceive the world proves an inadequate frame of reference for understanding it. The thesis proposes an expressionistic style of thought that operates beyond humanist frames of apprehension and that therefore inevitably unsettles the self-evidence of what we know of ourselves. The thesis proceeds in relays between encounters with the sonic arts and theoretical abstraction in an attempt to think expressionistically about human experience in three registers: desire, temporality, and incorporeality. Working through these registers, the thesis extends outwards from a core problem of ‘inadequate ideas’ that I take from Deleuze and Spinoza, finding resources in the work of Henri Bergson and Félix Guattari that allow me to extract different ideas about what it is to be human today from encounters with performances, recordings and installations. In bringing to expression imperceptible forces that animate our thoughts and actions—whether that be our passional impressionability, the unthought memory circuits that entrain us, or the immaterial universes of reference that orient us in the world—the thesis advocates for a style of thinking that is unapologetic in its challenge to the humanist conceits of social scientific research. Moreover, in aiming beyond the foreclosures of thought effectuated by inadequate ideas, the thesis makes the claim that thinking differently is an ethical task revolving around careful attention to the life force of ideas: how thinking differently about the beings we are produces different ways of going on in the world.

In The Sight of Death art historian T. J. Clark (2006) gives an account of daily visits to the Getty Institute in Los Angeles to observe two paintings by Nicolas Poussin: Landscape with a Calm and Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake. Clark’s book – ostensibly stimulated by the fortune of both paintings hanging in the same gallery – is organised as a set of diary entries and its purpose is at once prosaic and experimental. At first glance the book is an act of aesthetic description but lurking beneath is a deeper current of philosophical and political commentary. It charts a journey ‘outwards’, to the gallery and to describe the paintings’ juxtaposed existence, where the nature of the artworks themselves and their changing qualities in the shifting light conditions are all meticulously documented. But the book also a journey ‘inwards’, where Clark is drawing on the paintings to reflect on his own status and purpose, threading together artistic observations with wider political and psychological analysis.

In her piece 'Audacity of the Ocean', Yvonne Underhill-Sem offers a meditation on the fluidity, groundswell, and power of feminist critiques from within spaces of indigeneity. From the vantage point of scholarship and activism in the Pacific, Underhill-Sem describes how the relational indigeneity of "large ocean" spaces and social networks generate "a feminist Oceanic audacity of embodied engagement [that] offer[s] dynamic and gendered intellectual agility" (Underhill-Sem 2020: 1). Interpreting the Pacific -- and in passing, the postcolonial Caribbean -- as simultaneously grounding and in movement (constantly requiring travel, encounters, interactions) leads to an open-ended, flexible conceptualization of power, difference, knowledge production, and social relations. Out of these radically situated and mobile relations, contextualized knowledge is produced across both longstanding and newly emerging difference by means of continuously re-calibrated and reiteratively established exchanges.