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Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops (agricultural wastes) and from the industrialization of the product (food industry waste). In the case of Actinidia cultivation, agricultural waste groups together leaves, flowers, stems and roots while food industry by-products are represented by discarded fruits, skin and seeds. All these matrices are now underexploited and so, they can be revalued as a natural source of ingredients to be applied in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. Kiwifruit composition (phenolic compounds, volatile compounds, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, etc.) is an outstanding basis, especially for its high content in vitamin C and phenolic compounds. These compounds possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health, but stand out for their digestive enhancement and prebiotic role. Although the biological properties of kiwi fruit have been analyzed, few studies show the high content of compounds with biological functions present in these by-products. Therefore, agricultural and food industry wastes derived from processing kiwi are regarded as useful matrices for the development of innovative applications in the food (pectins, softeners, milk coagulants, and colorants), cosmetic (ecological pigments) and pharmaceutical industry (fortified, functional, nutraceutical, or prebiotic foods). This strategy will provide economic and environmental benefits, turning this industry into a sustainable and environmentally friendly production system, promoting a circular and sustainable economy. The research leading to these results was supported by MICINN supporting the Ramón y Cajal grant for M.A. Prieto (RYC-2017-22891); by Xunta de Galicia for supporting the program EXCELENCIA-ED431F 2020/12, the post-doctoral grant of M. Fraga-Corral (ED481B-2019/096), the pre-doctoral grant of M. Carpena (ED481A 2021/313), the program BENEFICIOS DO CONSUMO DAS ESPECIES TINTORERA-(CO-0019-2021) that supports the work of F. Chamorro and by the program Grupos de Referencia Competitiva (GRUPO AA1-GRC 2018) that supports the work of J. Echave. Authors are grateful to Ibero-American Program on Science and Technology (CYTED—AQUA-CIBUS, P317RT0003), to the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 888003 UP4HEALTH Project (H2020-BBI-JTI-2019). The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the Bio Based Industries Consortium. The project SYSTEMIC Knowledge hub on Nutrition and Food Security, has received funding from national research funding parties in Belgium (FWO), France (INRA), Germany (BLE), Italy (MIPAAF), Latvia (IZM), Norway (RCN), Portugal (FCT), and Spain (AEI) in a joint action of JPI HDHL, JPI-OCEANS and FACCE-JPI launched in 2019 under the ERA-NET ERA-HDHL (n° 696295). Funding for open access charge: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Microalgae, as a photosynthetic autotrophic organism, contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, which have been applied in food, medicine, and fuel industries, among others. Microalgae are considered a good source of marine lipids due to their high content in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and can be used as a supplement/replacement for fish-based oil. The high concentration of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) in microalgae lipids, results in important physiological functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation, being also a prerequisite for its development and application. In this paper, a variety of approaches for the extraction of lipids from microalgae were reviewed, including classical and innovative approaches, being the advantages and disadvantages of these methods emphasized. Further, the effects of microalgae lipids as high value bioactive compounds in human health and their use for several applications are dealt with, aiming using green(er) and effective methods to extract lipids from microalgae, as well as develop and extend their application potential., Thanks are due to the University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for the financial support of LAQV-REQUIMTE research Unit (UIDB/50006/2020) through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, and for financing the PhD grant of Carlos A. Pinto (SFRH/BD/137036/2018) and Ana P. Martins (SFRH/BD/146369/2019). Jianjun Zhou and Min Wang were supported by a PhD fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) (No. 201908420246 and No. 201908420245, respectively).

During the last decades, olive oil consumption has experienced a continuous increase due to its unique organoleptic properties and its related beneficial properties. Consequently, waste and by-products derived from the olive production have also increased causing environmental problems and economic losses. However, the low-cost and huge availability of these by-products is an opportunity for their valorization and the obtaining of high added-value compounds such as tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleocanthal, oleuropein (OLE), ligstroside, squalene, fatty acids, etc. The development of innovative extraction and characterization technologies is a key factor for the olive sector. In addition, a deeper knowledge about the biological properties of the compounds present in the recovered products and their mechanism of action is crucial to allow their reintegration in the food chain and their potential uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Scope and approach: This review encompasses all these aspects showing the advances achieved to date in the olive oil by-products valorization focusing on their biological properties, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. Key findings and conclusions: The by-products derived from the Olea europaea L. processing industry are secondary but valuable products, from which different biologically active molecules can be recovered by green extraction technologies (PLE, SFE, etc.) and reused for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes following the circular economy policies. One of the main advantages on recovering valuable molecules from olive by-products is their incorporation to functional foods. A direct effect was proved between the use of olive by-products in human consumption and the heath claims. In this context, different food industries have used the phenolic fraction of olive by-products, holding mostly HT and OLE, as food additives and as preserving agents due to their antioxidant properties. The research leading to these results was supported by MICINN supporting the Ram´on y Cajal grant for M.A. Prieto (RYC-2017-22891); by Xunta de Galicia for supporting the program EXCELENCIA-ED431F 2020/12, the post-doctoral grant of M. Fraga-Corral (ED481B-2019/ 096), the pre-doctoral grants of P. Garcia-Oliveira (ED481A-2019/295) and M. Carpena (ED481A 2021/313), the program BENEFICIOS DO CONSUMO DAS ESPECIES TINTORERA–(CO–0019-2021) that supports the work of F. Chamorro and the program Grupos de Referencia Competitiva (GRUPO AA1-GRC 2018) that supports the work of J. Echave and M. Barral-Martinez . Authors are grateful to Ibero-American Program on Science and Technology (CYTED—AQUA-CIBUS, P317RT0003), to the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 888003 UP4HEALTH Project (H2020-BBI-JTI- 2019) that supports the work of P. Otero and P. Garcia-Perez. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the Bio Based Industries Consortium. The project SYSTEMIC Knowledge hub on Nutrition and Food Security, has received funding from national research funding parties in Belgium (FWO), France (INRA), Germany (BLE), Italy (MIPAAF), Latvia (IZM), Norway (RCN), Portugal (FCT), and Spain (AEI) in a joint action of JPI HDHL, JPI-OCEANS and FACCE-JPI launched in 2019 under the ERANET ERA-HDHL (n◦ 696295). Authors are grateful to the funding for open access charge: University of Vigo / CISUG. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The search for waste minimization and the valorization of by-products are key practices for good management and improved sustainability in the food industry. The production of almonds generates a large amount of waste, most of which is not used. Until now, almonds have been used for their high nutritional value as food, especially almond meat. The other remaining parts (skin, shell, hulls, etc.) are still little explored, even though they have been used as fuel by burning or as livestock feed. However, interest in these by-products has been increasing as they possess beneficial properties (caused mainly by polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids) and can be used as new ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, it is important to explore almond’s valorization of by-products for the development of new added-value products that would contribute to the reduction of environmental impact and an improvement in the sustainability and competitiveness of the almond industry. CYTED—AQUA-CIBUS | Ref. P317RT0003

Acoustic emission (AE) released by pine beams retrofitted with fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) and poplar planks in bending is analyzed. Basalt fabric (FB), carbon fabric (FC), and carbon pultruded laminate (LC) have been used as FRP. Experimental results and AE behavior are discussed based on an elastoplastic finite-element numerical model. The model demonstrates a strong strain concentration at the end of poplar planks, which causes high AE activity in these areas and acts as a precursor of the delamination of the poplar plank. Based on the experimental results, some AE criteria for predicting the onset of the delamination are tentatively proposed. © 2020 by the authors.

Cigarette butts are one of the most common waste on the planet and are not biodegradable, so they remain on the landscape for many years. Cigarette butt composition makes it suitable to be added during the manufacture of construction materials, so it can be considered a waste recovery material, helping to reduce the ecological footprint of the construction sector. This article shows the characterization of gypsum composites containing cigarette butt waste. Several gypsum specimens were prepared incorporating different percentages of cigarette butt waste (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Samples without waste additions were also prepared in order to compare the results obtained. Samples were tested for density, superficial hardness, flexural and compressive strength, bonding strength and acoustic performance. Results show that it is possible to add cigarette butts in a gypsum matrix, resulting in better mechanical behavior than traditional gypsums. © 2020 by the authors.

New energy-efficient materials are increasingly used in architecture and civil engineering today. Many of these are based on the reuse of plants and plant residues from industry and agriculture for the production of bio-sustainable insulation materials, and as aggregates in concretes. This paper presents the results of our study of research into hemp concrete, an emerging material in the green building sector, since it first appeared about twenty-five years ago to the present day. The study centres on a growing bibliography over this period, emphasizing some fundamental parameters of hemp raw materials and related building materials, the binders used in the production of hemp aggregate concretes and assessments of different aspects of their performance. The most important properties of hemp concrete vary according to the quality of the plant aggregates, the choice of binders (typically aerial or hydraulic lime), the proportions of the raw materials and the application techniques. Organic aggregates are less stable than inorganic aggregates and are therefore more difficult to use in a concrete mix with both inorganic and organic binders. Among other reasons, this is due to the disproportionate amount of water required in the mixing of plant-based concretes and to the release of organic compounds, which can have serious effects on the hardening process. This problem was identified in scientific studies on the use of hemp concrete in sustainable, bioclimatic construction, whether applied as a semi-liquid mass or as a precast element. This new biomaterial offers excellent results in terms of its application on site and has important physical properties, such as high durability and easy conservation. This study seeks to provide a useful tool for future research into sustainable building materials, better use of available energy and plant-based resources and more efficient recycling of the waste produced by human activities. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

El passat mes de juny, el projecte Life Reusing Posidonia, un conjunt de 14 habitatges de protecció pública a Sant Ferran de Formentera, promogut per l’IBAVI (l’Institut Balear de de l’Habitatge), amb la col·laboració de la Direcció General de Medi Natural, Educació i Canvi Climàtic, va ser guardonat amb el premi FAD d’arquitectura 2018 i amb el Premi d’opinió Arquitectura 2018 (imatges superiors). El projecte, dels arquitectes Carles Gabriel Oliver, Antonio Martín, Alfonso Reina, Joaquín Moyà i amb José Luis Velilla, com a aparellador, fa una reflexió sobre els recursos disponibles a una petita illa de la Mediterrània, com ho és Formentera; una reflexió sobre quins són els costos –prioritzant els ambientals sobre els econòmics–, de fer arribar a peu d’obra tota la matèria necessària per conformar un edifici i, davant un escenari escàs en recursos propis, triar aquells materials que menys penalitzin quant a la petjada de CO2, tot valorant el seu cicle de vida. En paral·lel hi ha una voluntat i un gran esforç per reaprofitar materials locals provinents de desmuntatges, com és el cas de les fusteries, o per gestionar part del rebuig de posidònia oceànica, en aquest cas, per conformar l’aïllament de les cobertes.

The purchase price of any forest plantation depends on the quality of its raw wood, and specifically, variables such as density, orientation of the fibers, bending strength, and bending MoE (Modulus of Elasticity). The elastic waves propagation velocity has become one of the most popular parameters to evaluate the wood in standing trees. This study had two objectives: (1) Show how this velocity is clearly affected by the clone, the location of the crop, and the measurement season of poplar crops; and (2) apply the Akaike information criterion to determinate the arrival time of the waves, on the basis of the entropy of the signals recorded by the piezoelectric sensors placed on the trunk of the tree., This work has been possible due to the financial support of the COMPOP_Timber project “Desarrollo de productos de ingeniería elaborados a base de tablones y chapas de chopo con inserciones de material compuesto para su uso en construcción”, BIA2017-82650-R. The authors thank to Antonio Aguilar and Chihab Abarkane, for his help during measurements in field, and Esther Merlo from MADERAS PLUS, for the analysis of results and methods.

Reusing by-products is an important strategy to ensure the preservation of natural capital and climate change mitigation. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of cork granulates, a by-product of winery industry, as an organic carbon (OC) source for the treatment of hydroponic wastewaters. First, chemical characterization was performed and discussed. Secondly, batch studies were performed using synthetic hydroponic wastewater to understand the role of particle size (PS), pH and contact time (CT) on the release of OC. The suberin is the major compound, representing >50%. It was noticed that a variance on the content of suberin across species, within the same species and depending on the extraction part (belly, cork and back) could be expected. >60% of the sample is composed by carbon while

El projecte que portem en pràctica recupera materials i sistemes constructius tradicionals de baix impacte energètic associat en la seva fabricació. Creiem en la importància de ser conseqüent i responsable de treballar per un món més eficient, solidari i respectuós, tornant als orígens dels nostres coneixements humans, aplicant alhora la tecnologia del segle XXI, que forma part sens dubte de la nostra evolució com a espècie.