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Individuals with low levels of vitamin D are associated with cardiovascular risks, such as elevated blood pressure (BP), and are; therefore, more likely to develop hypertension. Patients with vitamin D deficiency may face an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, a multicenter, cross-sectional, and school-based investigation was conducted as part of the ERICA project. The sample comprised 1152 adolescents aged 12–17 years from 4 Brazilian cities. Anthropometric variables, BP measurements, and hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were assessed. A 2-level linear regression was fitted to examine the relationship between each level of BP and independent variables. Our findings indicate that movement behaviors were not associated with BP levels, with the exception of sleep time, which demonstrated a positive association. However, after adjustment, this association was found to be nonsignificant. Our study's mediation analysis revealed that vitamin D mediates up to 12.9% of the association between physical activity and systolic BP. Vitamin D is inversely associated with BP in adolescents. In addition to mediating the physical activity and systolic BP association, engaging in physical activity, particularly outdoors, can provide a dual benefit for adolescents by increasing serum vitamin D levels and assisting in the control of BP levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted disease that is associated with considerable morbidity and harmful sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Strategies for prevention and treatment of infertility in women with C. trachomatis infection require further investigation. There is evidence suggesting that vitamin D could be a potential treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, chlamydia seropositivity, and the risk of infertility in women. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study using 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Women aged 18–39 years with complete serum 25(OH)D and chlamydia Pgp3Ab multiplex bead/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data available were included. The correlation between 25(OH)D level, chlamydia seropositivity, and infertility was evaluated using the weighted chi-squared test and the t-test with multivariate logistic regression and moderation effect models. Results: Among the 1424 women who met our eligibility criteria, the weighted chlamydia seropositivity rate was 36.8%. The 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the seropositive group compared with seronegative control. (P = 0.009). After adjusting for ethnicity, the effect of 25(OH)D was no longer significant (P = 0.693). Further analysis in the chlamydia-seropositive subset revealed that the vitamin D level was lower in the infertile group (P = 0.024). In an interaction model, 25(OH)D was found to antagonizes the positive relationship between chlamydia and infertility (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.971–0.999, P = 0.040). Conclusion: The serum vitamin D level may be more related to the prognosis in terms of infertility than to the risk of chlamydia infection. This finding may reveal a possible treatment strategy for chlamydia infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study describes the complex association between the neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as stable ischemic heart disease (IHD), ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). Methods: The serum 25(OH)D concentration and NHR values were analyzed in groups of patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis was determined using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) scale. Results: Significant differences in 25(OH)D and NHR concentrations were observed between CCS and (ACS)/STEMI patients (p < 0.01). Higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with the diagnosis of CCS, and higher NHR values with the diagnosis of ACS/STEMI. The NHR threshold for ACS was set at 0.10 (p < 0.001). Patients without significant coronary artery stenosis showed significantly higher 25(OH)D levels and lower NHR values (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The significant correlation between 25(OH)D, HDL, and the NHR suggests that vitamin D, through its influence on inflammatory processes and lipid metabolism, may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic and acute coronary syndromes. The suggested bidirectional relationship between the NHR and 25(OH)D and the role of the NHR as a predictor of vitamin D levels require further well-designed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and H-type hypertension in elderly patients, and to observe the clinical efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in those patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study. One hundred and twenty elderly hypertensive patients treated at The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from June 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into Group-A (n=60) with hypertension and elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (H-type hypertension), and Group-B(n=60) with hypertension and normal Hcy levels. Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure were assessed in both groups of patients upon admission, with the correlation analysis performed simultaneously. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Through Pearson correlation analysis, there were negative correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with 24 hours SSD, 24 hours DSD, dnSBP, and nDBP(all p<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the treatment group had higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and lower 24 hours SBP, 24h DBP, dSBP, dDBP, nSBP, nDBP levels than those of the control group(p<0.05). After treatment, the treatment group had lower blood Hcy, IMT, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels(p<0.05), and higher HDL-C levels(p<0.05) than those of the control group. Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in elderly patients with H-type hypertension have negative correlations with 24 hours SSD, 24 hours DSD, dnSBP, and nDBP. Oral vitamin D supplementation for H-type hypertensive patients exhibits significant therapeutic effects, with improvements in 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results, blood lipid levels, IMT, and blood Hcy levels after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D and kidney stone disease (KSD) in participants from the UK Biobank. Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank. Our analysis involved Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels (measured at the time of recruitment) and the risk of KSD, which was determined using hospital records. Results: This study involved 444,343 participants, with 4,458 cases of KSD identified during an average follow-up period of 12.6 years. Higher 25(OH)D levels were not associated with developing kidney stones in general population model 3 (HR = 0.88 [95% CI 0.77–1.01]). Interestingly, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations in women over 60 years old were associated with a lower risk of kidney stone disease. The multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for participants who had serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L or ≥ 75 nmol/L, compared with those who were severely deficient (25[OH]D < 25 nmol/L), were 0.74 (0.58–0.95), 0.60 (0.43–0.85) for KSD, respectively (P for trend < 0.01). However, this trend was not statistically significant in the subgroup analysis of serum calcium ion concentration. Conclusion: High 25(OH)D levels were not associated with a higher incidence of kidney stones if serum calcium levels are within a normal range. The findings alleviate physiological concerns regarding the supplementation of vitamin D alone to raise serum 25(OH)D concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Existing studies investigating the impact of serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on kidney function have produced inconsistent results. Further research is needed to establish the direct causal relationship between these factors and kidney function. Methods: The study used genome-wide association study datasets for exposure and outcome, mainly derived from the UK Biobank and CKDGen Consortium, with sample sizes ranging from 3,310 to 480,699 individuals of European ancestry. Heritability and genetic correlations among these phenotypes were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and phenotypes with a heritability z-score <4 were excluded from further analyses. Pleiotropic analyses were performed to identify potential horizontal pleiotropic variants at gene and LD-independent locus levels. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using instrumental variables (IVs) based on two distinct selection criteria, was conducted to investigate the potential causal relationships between serum Ca, P, 25(OH)D, PTH, and kidney function. Results: PTH was excluded from further analysis due to a heritability z-score < 4. Genetic correlations were observed between serum Ca and urine albumin-tocreatinine ratio (UACR) (rg = 0.202, P-value = 5.0E-04), between serum 25(OH)D and estimated glomerular filtration rate using serum creatinine (eGFRcrea) (rg = -0.094; P-value = 1.4E-05), and between serum25(OH)D and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (rg = 0.127; P-value = 1.7E-06). In univariableMR analysis using IVs based on two different selection criteria, it consistently demonstrated that genetically predicted serum Ca consistently showed an increase in UACR (beta 0.11, P-value 2.0E-03; beta 0.13, P-value 2.0E-04). Similarly, serum P was associated with a decrease in eGFRcrea (beta -0.01, P-value 2.0E-04; beta -0.005, P-value 2.0E -03) and an increase in BUN (beta 0.02, P-value 3.0E-03; beta 0.02, P-value 7.5E -07). The influence of serum P on kidney function was further supported in multivariable MR analysis. However, genetically predicted 25(OH)D did not have a significant impact on kidney function. Conclusions: Elevated serum Ca or P levels could both impair kidney function, whereas 25(OH)D has no impact on renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to poor muscle function, cartilage degeneration, and the development of knee osteoarthritis. However, the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level on quadriceps muscle strength remains inconclusive, largely due to variations in study designs, differences in study populations, and the influence of confounding factors such as co-supplementation with other vitamins. The existing literature presents mixed findings, highlighting the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarise. Study design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Searches were conducted using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), which aimed to summarise recent (published after 2000 and before March 1st, 2024) studies reporting the effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on quadriceps strength. Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional studies and Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) for longitudinal studies. Results from the AXIS and QUIPS tools were used for GRADE quality assessment. The review was carried out using PRIMSA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022313240). Results: Four hundred studies were screened and 28 studies with 5752 participants were included. 28 published studies (24 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal) were identified. Key results supported the significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and isokinetic quadriceps strength at 180°/s in elderly and athletic populations with a correlation coefficient of 0.245 (95%CI: 0.078–0.398, p = 0.004). However, no significant correlation was found with isometric quadriceps strength or isokinetic strength at 60°/s (r = 0.190, p = 0.085). There was only a weak negative correlation with MVC. Conclusion: This review found a statistically significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and isokinetic quadriceps strength. This has important clinical implications, especially in the elderly cohort, with higher 25(OH)D levels being associated with a reduced incidence of falls and fragility fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children with febrile seizures (FS) in Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China, and in particular its association with gender and age. This should inform possible strategies for supplementation with vitamin D, and hence for prevention of FS in the local pediatric population. The Febrile seizures group consisted of 747 children hospitalized with FS at the Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024. The healthy control group was comprised of 750 children aged from 0 to 8 years who underwent health checkups during this period. The serum 25(OH)D level was analyzed in relation to gender and age to explore its association with FS. The median serum vitamin D level in the FS group (28.8 ng/mL; IQR 21.64, 33.64) was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (37.51 ng/mL; IQR 31.05, 37.51). The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in the FS group was 10.8%, which was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum vitamin D level in children with FS varied in different age groups, with significantly lower levels observed in older children (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that a serum vitamin D level of 35.28 ng/mL showed 60.0% sensitivity and 84.7% specificity for predicting FS (P < 0.05). In this study cohort, the serum vitamin D level in children with FS was at the lower limit of the physiological range, and significantly lower than in healthy children. Furthermore, this level decreased with age in children with FS. Regular supplementation with vitamin D for 6 months after birth and outdoor sun exposure for more than 2 h per day can improve the serum vitamin D level in children with FS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vitamin D has a crucial role in our metabolic health. We aimed to examine associations of vitamin D status and its related dietary pattern (DP) with prevalent risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 9,237 Korean adults aged 19–64 years based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Vitamin D status was examined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). A vitamin D-related DP associated with 25(OH)D levels was derived using reduced rank regression (RRR). Associations of vitamin D status and its related DP with MetS prevalence were examined using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Men with sufficient vitamin D status had a 44% lower risk of MetS prevalence (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36–0.87) compared to those with deficiency. A vitamin D-related DP derived using RRR was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, fish, fruits, and nuts and low intakes of eggs, oils, and mushrooms in this study population. Among men, the DP was significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS prevalence, showing a 12% (95%CI: 4–20%) reduction in risk for a one-unit increase in the DP score. However, there was no significant association among women. Conclusion: The study's findings suggest that a sufficient vitamin D status and a related DP with high intakes of vegetables, fish, fruit, and nuts were associated with the risk of MetS, particularly in Korean male adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in pet cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) living in their home environments. Thirty client-owned cockatiels were allocated to an intervention group, consisting of exposure to a commercial coil fluorescent bulb, or a control group, with no exposure to supplemental lighting. Blood samples were collected at baseline (Day 0) and 6 months after simple randomization for measurement of 25(OH)D (Day 180). A linear mixed model was used to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were influenced by time, group, age, or sex. At baseline, median 25(OH)D concentration for the whole study population was 13 nmol/L (range, 0.0–15.0 nmol/L). At the end of the study, median 25(OH)D concentration for the whole study population was 6.5 nmol/L (0.0–15.0 nmol/L), for the control group was 3 nmol/L (0.0–8.0 nmol/L) and for the UVB group was 7.5 nmol/L (6.0–11.0 nmol/L). There was a statistically significant 50% reduction in 25(OH)D concentrations from the baseline to the final sampling period for the overall population, but no differences by group, age, or sex. The addition of a UVB bulb for 6 months to the enclosures of cockatiels did not increase their serum 25(OH)D concentrations. There was an unexplained decrease in both groups when comparing Day 0 to the Day 180 sampling period. The 50% attenuation in the UVB lighting group, although not statistically significant, may be clinically relevant and deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results: Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion: BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (NODM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and its etiology closely resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in people. Human patients with T1DM commonly have cellular derangements consistent with inflammation, impaired immune function, and hypovitaminosis D. There is little information available regarding inflammatory biomarkers, immune function, and vitamin D status in diabetic dogs. Therefore, our objectives were to assess inflammatory biomarkers, vitamin D metabolites, and phagocytic capacity in diabetic dogs and determine whether associations exist with these variables and the level of clinical control or vitamin D metabolites. This was a prospective case--control study that included 20 otherwise healthy diabetic dogs (clinically controlled, n = 10; uncontrolled, n = 10) and 20 nondiabetic, healthy, age (± 2 years), breed, and sex matched controls. Complete blood count, biochemical panel, urinalysis, and fructosamine were performed at a single commercial reference laboratory. Basal plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin (OH)2D3 were measured with HPLC. Phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated with flow cytometry. Diabetic dogs had higher serum CRP concentrations than controls (p = 0.02). Plasma IL-8 concentrations were higher in diabetic dogs with uncontrolled clinical disease compared to controls (p = 0.02). Diabetic dogs had a lower percentage of leukocytes that phagocytized opsonized-E. coli (p = 0.02), but an increased number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (p < 0.001) compared to controls. No between-group differences were identified in vitamin D metabolites, nor were associations found between vitamin D and any variables. Fructosamine had a positive association with serum CRP concentration (rho = 0.35, p = 0.03) and number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (rho = 0.45, p = 0.004) in our cohort (n = 40). Like people with T1DM, diabetic dogs have a proinflammatory phenotype and phagocytic dysregulation that may be correlated with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: myopia is associated with sight-threatening potential complications, and it becoming increasingly common globally. However, the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and myopia remains unclear and the evidence is controversial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and myopia in the U.S. population. Subject and methods: this study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 data. The logistic regression was applied to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and myopia. Results: among the 14,051 participants, the prevalence of myopia was 33.2 % (4,668/14,051). In the multivariate regression models, serum 25(OH)D concentrations as continuous variable were non-significantly associated with the prevalence of myopia (adjusted OR, 0.98 [95 % CI, 0.97-1.00]) after adjusting all covariates. As a categorical variable, serum 25(OH)D compared with the lowest tertile, the adjusted ORs with increasing tertiles were 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.89,1.05) and 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.86, 1.06). In myopia participants, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were also non-significantly associated with the progress of myopia. In stratified analyses, the results remain stable with different ages, sex, and education parameters. Conclusions: serum 25(OH)D concentrations were non-significantly associated with myopia in the U.S. population. We need more prospective studies to provide evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in young children worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency impairs the body's ability to clear pathogens, reduces tight junction protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells, and enhances Th1‐mediated intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on acute invasive enteritis in children. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 82 children aged 1–3 years with clinically diagnosed acute invasive enteritis at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022, alongside a control group of 80 healthy children. Fecal specimens were collected for routine tests and occult blood analysis, while blood samples were taken for routine tests, C‐reactive protein, and 25‐OHD levels. Comparative analyses were performed between groups, and multifactorial logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing invasive enteritis. Results: The study group showed significantly lower serum 25‐OHD levels (27.95 ± 9.91 ng/mL) compared to controls (32.76 ± 10.23 ng/mL, p <.01). Among the study group, 19.5% (16/82) had levels <20 ng/mL, versus 12.5% (10/80) in controls. Regular vitamin D supplementation was lower in the study group (58.5% vs. 77.5%, p <.05). Outdoor activity duration was also reduced (2.57 ± 0.98 h vs. 3.04 ± 0.88 h, p <.01). Multivariate analysis identified that exclusive breastfeeding, greater outdoor activity time and regular vitamin D supplementation were all associated with reduced risk of invasive enteritis (p <.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate an association between low serum 25‐OHD levels and acute invasive enteritis in children aged 1‐3 years, suggesting that consistent vitamin D supplementation and sufficient outdoor activity may protect against this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This aim of this study was to assess the possible association between diurnal oscillations and biochemical markers associated with calcium homeostasis. This included the markers parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, total alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D). By examining the influence of circadian rhythms on these parameters, the study aimed to deepen the understanding of calcium metabolism dynamics and its clinical implications. Patients and methods: Blood samples from 24 Caucasian male volunteers aged 20 to 40 (mean age 26) with normal pulse, blood pressure, and BMI were analyzed for biochemical markers related to calcium homeostasis. Data was obtained from the Bispebjerg study of diurnal variations. Blood samples were collected every three hours over a 24-hour period. Patients were fasting from 22:00 to 09:00. The participants spent 24 h in the hospital ward, receiving regular meals and engaging in low-intensity activities. They experienced 15 h of daylight and 9 h of complete darkness during sleep. Diurnal oscillations were analyzed using cosinor analysis with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Total calcium, phosphate, and PTH exhibited significant diurnal variations. Total calcium and PTH were inversely synchronized while PTH and phosphate oscillated in synchronization. The three parameters showed relatively large amplitude/reference range ratios from 25.4% to 41.5%. Conclusion: This study found notable fluctuations in total calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels over a 24-hour cycle, while 25-OH-D and total alkaline phosphatase remained consistent. It highlights the importance of considering sampling times for total calcium, PTH, and phosphate in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Vitamin D supplementation is a promising complementary therapy for PCOS, yet there is no consensus on an optimal dose, leading to a lack of evidence-based supplementation guidelines. Objective The objective of this study was to conduct a vitamin D dose–response meta-analysis among women with PCOS. Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from inception to November 2022 were searched for relevant articles. Data extraction Study screening and bias assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Eight relevant studies were identified; data for serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) at baseline and at 12 weeks in each intervention group (mean ± SD) and vitamin D dose were extracted. Data analysis Estimates across studies were used to create a pooled curve, using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the distribution of doses, to estimate the mean difference in effect for serum 25(OH)D at each dose compared with 0 IU/day. Sensitivity analyses were conducted fixing knots at 4000 IU/day and 7000 IU/day, which were a priori identified as potentially important thresholds, and to assess model fit and estimate heterogeneity. The pooled analysis demonstrated strong evidence of a dose–response relationship (P < .001), suggesting an increasing effect with increasing dose. An initial increase in serum 25(OH)D was evident until doses of approximately 3000 IU/day; this was followed by a plateau in effect between approximately 3000 IU/day and 5000 IU/day. The effect of supplementation with >5000 IU/day was unclear, given the minimal data at higher doses. The curve produced robust results for moderate doses (3000 IU/day to 4000 IU/day), which were not sensitive to model specification. Conclusion Women with PCOS are responsive to vitamin D supplementation, but the benefit of providing doses of >3000 IU/day appears minimal. Further data is required to determine dose–response at doses of >5000 IU/day, and whether higher intakes provide a clinically meaningful advantage in this population. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021259396. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted disease that is associated with considerable morbidity and harmful sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Strategies for prevention and treatment of infertility in women with C. trachomatis infection require further investigation. There is evidence suggesting that vitamin D could be a potential treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, chlamydia seropositivity, and the risk of infertility in women. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study using 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Women aged 18–39 years with complete serum 25(OH)D and chlamydia Pgp3Ab multiplex bead/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data available were included. The correlation between 25(OH)D level, chlamydia seropositivity, and infertility was evaluated using the weighted chi-squared test and the t-test with multivariate logistic regression and moderation effect models. Results Among the 1424 women who met our eligibility criteria, the weighted chlamydia seropositivity rate was 36.8%. The 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the seropositive group compared with seronegative control. (P = 0.009). After adjusting for ethnicity, the effect of 25(OH)D was no longer significant (P = 0.693). Further analysis in the chlamydia-seropositive subset revealed that the vitamin D level was lower in the infertile group (P = 0.024). In an interaction model, 25(OH)D was found to antagonizes the positive relationship between chlamydia and infertility (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.971–0.999, P = 0.040). Conclusion The serum vitamin D level may be more related to the prognosis in terms of infertility than to the risk of chlamydia infection. This finding may reveal a possible treatment strategy for chlamydia infection.

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to poor muscle function, cartilage degeneration, and the development of knee osteoarthritis. However, the impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level on quadriceps muscle strength remains inconclusive, largely due to variations in study designs, differences in study populations, and the influence of confounding factors such as co-supplementation with other vitamins. The existing literature presents mixed findings, highlighting the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarise. Study design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Searches were conducted using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), which aimed to summarise recent (published after 2000 and before March 1st, 2024) studies reporting the effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on quadriceps strength. Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional studies and Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) for longitudinal studies. Results from the AXIS and QUIPS tools were used for GRADE quality assessment. The review was carried out using PRIMSA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022313240). Results Four hundred studies were screened and 28 studies with 5752 participants were included. 28 published studies (24 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal) were identified. Key results supported the significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and isokinetic quadriceps strength at 180°/s in elderly and athletic populations with a correlation coefficient of 0.245 (95%CI: 0.078–0.398, p = 0.004). However, no significant correlation was found with isometric quadriceps strength or isokinetic strength at 60°/s (r = 0.190, p = 0.085). There was only a weak negative correlation with MVC. Conclusion This review found a statistically significant positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and isokinetic quadriceps strength. This has important clinical implications, especially in the elderly cohort, with higher 25(OH)D levels being associated with a reduced incidence of falls and fragility fractures.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children with febrile seizures (FS) in Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China, and in particular its association with gender and age. This should inform possible strategies for supplementation with vitamin D, and hence for prevention of FS in the local pediatric population. The Febrile seizures group consisted of 747 children hospitalized with FS at the Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2020 to January 2024. The healthy control group was comprised of 750 children aged from 0 to 8 years who underwent health checkups during this period. The serum 25(OH)D level was analyzed in relation to gender and age to explore its association with FS. The median serum vitamin D level in the FS group (28.8 ng/mL; IQR 21.64, 33.64) was significantly lower than in the healthy control group (37.51 ng/mL; IQR 31.05, 37.51). The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in the FS group was 10.8%, which was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P

Abstract Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM.

Lijing Huo,1 Xuexin Liu,2 Changmei Wei,1 Fang Yu,1 Luping Ren,3 Yanqing Tie1 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Health Check-up Centers, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lijing Huo, Department of Medical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Email huolijing1979@126.comAim: This study was intended to establish the reference intervals of bone turnover markers (BTMs) for healthy populations.Methods: According to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c, we recruited 774 healthy Chinese and investigated their clinical characteristics and relationships among gender, age, season and BTMs. The reference intervals of BTMs for healthy populations in Hebei of China were established through defining the central 95% range of all observations.Results: We found that gender were associated with 25(OH)D, OC, β-CTX, and P1NP (P < 0.05), but not PTH1-84 (P=0.138). All serum BTMs showed differences among different age groups (P < 0.01). The level of 25 (OH) D in winter showed statistical differences with spring, summer, and autumn (P< 0.05). The OC level showed statistical difference between summer and winter (P=0.000). The P1NP levels showed statistical difference between spring and winter (P=0.019), summer and winter (P=0.000), and summer and autumn (P=0.012), respectively. The PTH1-84 levels in winter showed statistical differences with spring, and summer (all P=0.000), while there was no statistically significant difference in β- CTX levels between seasons.Conclusion: We have established the reference intervals of several BTMs for healthy individuals in Hebei of China, which have statistical significance across different age groups and genders, and there are also significant differences between different seasons. Therefore, the Chinese medical laboratories in different locations should group individuals according to gender and age groups in different seasons, and establish corresponding biological reference intervals.Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, osteocalcin, OC, β-carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen, β-CTX, N-terminal procollagen of type I collagen, P1NP, parathyroid hormone 1-84, PTH1-84

Shaojie Bi,1 Juan Zhang,1 Ning Wei,2 Qingbo Zhou,3,4 Chunyan Wang3 1Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Information Center, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chunyan Wang, Email 201062013735@email.sdu.edu.cnIntroduction: Anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin or erythrocyte levels, is a significant global health issue with severe implications for public health. Recent studies have explored the potential link between anemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to clarify the possible causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and anemia risk.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive investigation combining observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. The observational study included detailed demographic, comorbidities, and laboratory data collected from 7160 hospitalized patients in China. For the MR analysis, genetic polymorphisms were utilized to assess causal effects.Results: Observational analysis revealed an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of anemia, with stratified analysis indicating a nonlinear association and a threshold of 48.716 nmol/L. The MR analysis confirmed a protective causal relationship between higher 25(OH)D levels and a reduced risk of anemia. Bidirectional MR analysis found no evidence that anemia influences 25(OH)D levels.Discussion: This study provides strong evidence of a causal link between increased 25(OH)D levels and a lower incidence of anemia. The findings highlight the potential role of vitamin D in anemia prevention, supporting the need for further research into vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to reduce anemia risk.Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that higher 25(OH)D levels are causally associated with a reduced risk of anemia, suggesting vitamin D’s potential role in anemia prevention and public health strategies.Keywords: anemia, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Mendelian randomization

BACKGROUND: Season of birth has been associated with age at menarche. Maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy may explain this effect. We investigated whether the season of first trimester or maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were associated with pubertal timing in children. METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study of 15 819 children born in 2000-03 from the Puberty Cohort, nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Mean differences in attaining numerous pubertal markers, including a combined estimate for the average age at attaining all pubertal markers, were estimated for low (November-April) relative to high (May-October) sunshine exposure season in the first trimester using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Moreover, we conducted a two-sample instrumental variable analysis using season as an instrument for maternal first-trimester 25(OH)D3 plasma levels obtained from a non-overlapping subset (n = 827) in the DNBC. RESULTS: For the combined estimate, girls and boys of mothers who had their first trimester during November-April had earlier pubertal timing than girls and boys of mothers whose first trimester occurred during May-October: -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.7 to -0.3) and -0.7 months (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.1), respectively. In the instrumental variable analysis, girls and boys also had earlier pubertal timing: respectively, -1.3 months (95% CI: -2.1 to -0.4) and -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.8 to -0.2) per SD (22 nmol/L) decrease in 25(OH)D3. CONCLUSIONS: Both first pregnancy trimester during November-April and lower 25(OH)D3 were associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls and boys.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D may prevent the development of hypertension through down-regulation of renin–angiotensin system. However, epidemiologic studies assessing the interrelation of vitamin D-related biomarkers with hypertension are sparse. METHODS We examined the prospective associations between vitamin D-related biomarkers and the risk of hypertension in a nested case-control study. In each of the Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS) II, 500 incident hypertension cases and 500 age and race-matched controls were randomly selected. Baseline plasma 25(OH)-vitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), and total renin concentrations were measured. RESULTS Among controls, 25(OH)D and PTH were inversely correlated, but neither was correlated with total renin. In the crude model, there was a trend of association between increasing quintiles of 25(OH)D and lower risk of hypertension in women, with relative risks and 95% CIs of 1.00, 1.24 (0.84–1.83), 0.82 (0.53–1.25), 0.75 (0.48–1.16), and 0.81 (0.52–1.27) (P , trend:.07). Adjustment for body mass index and other hypertension risk factors eliminated this association (relative risk of 5th quintile: 1.03). No associations were found in men. Baseline PTH and ratio of 25(OH)D to PTH were not associated with the risk of hypertension in women or men. When men and women were included in the same model, vitamin D insufficiency (defined as 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) also was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension. No interactions were found across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our study found no association of baseline plasma 25(OH)D or PTH with the risk of hypertension or total renin concentration in middle-aged and older men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] and its influencing factors in women during mid-pregnancy, and to provide an evidence for improving the vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.MethodsA total of 220 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy who underwent regular prenatal examinations at the Tianjin Binhai New Area Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center from February 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Basic clinical data of the pregnant women were collected. A 25 (OH) D level of ≥30 μg·L-1 was considered sufficient, while a level of

Abstract Background We aimed to probe the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods The study included 1169 gout patients and 7029 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 and 2001–2018, respectively. The association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models. Results Among participants with gout and HUA, the weighted mean concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were 71.49 ± 30.09 nmol/L and 64.81 ± 26.92 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 29.68% of gout patients and 37.83% of HUA patients. During 6783 person-years of follow-up among gout patients, 248 all-cause deaths occurred, among which 76 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 49 died from cancer. 1375 HUA patients were recorded for all-cause mortality during 59,859 person-years of follow-up, including 427 CVD deaths and 232 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustment, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with lower risk of 55% all-cause mortality and 61% CVD mortality among gout patients, and a 45% reduced risk of cancer mortality among HUA patients. Restricted cubic splines showed a U-shaped relationship with all-cause and CVD mortality among HUA patients, with inflection points of 72.7 nmol/L and 38.0 nmol/L, respectively. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D was negatively linearly correlated with mortality among gout patients, whereas U-shaped correlated with mortality in HUA patients. These results indicate that adequate vitamin D status could prevent premature death.

Commonly plaguing in the frigid zone of the world, vitamin D deficiency, as indicated by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, exacerbated inflammatory responses and impaired endothelial function. Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a prevalent cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and is potentially associated with inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D on the severity of LA.

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious depression that develops in the first year, with unknown explained reasons. Many studies evaluated the impact of Vitamin D (VD) levels on depression during pregnancy and postnatal. This narrative review aims to review any association between serum VD levels during pregnancy and the development of PPD. Materials and Methods: PPD data from published trials and research articles (period from 2012 to 2022) were assessed through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the following terms: Depression, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH VD), vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and postpartum (PP). Articles were selected manually and with careful tracking to avoid duplication. Articles that investigated any association between VD levels during pregnancy and PPD in the time frame were included in the study, while articles investigating VD levels of PP without depression were excluded. Results: In this narrative review, five out of seven studies showed an association between PPD and VDD during pregnancy. Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) enrolled among different studies from 3 days to 1 year PP to assess PPD. Conclusions: Pregnant women with VDD are significantly associated with PPD. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the association between VDD with PPD. Screening VD levels among pre-postnatal mothers may be essential for awareness programs that can be implemented to promote remission of postnatal depression.

Abstract Background This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853). Results A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P

Abstract Background Little information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors. Objectives To determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors. Animals Eighty‐five client‐owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age‐matched healthy bitches. Methods Case‐control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant). Results No significant differences were found when plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P

Abstract Objective We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.We determine the correlation between 25(OH)D and FLI and FIB-4 scores, respectively. Results Statistically significant differences were seen between BMI, WC, C-peptide levels, FPG, ALT, serum 25(OH)D, TC, HDL, lumbar spine bone density, FLI, and FIB-4 in different degrees of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D (OR = 1.26, p = 0.001), age (OR = 0.93, P

Background: Thyroid disease is one of the most common illnesses in the UAE, which could be linked to vast numbers of people suffering from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and thyroid function parameters in men and women with diagnosed hypothyroidism. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional observational study included 86 patients (78[90.7%] women and 8[9.3%] men) with diagnosed hypothyroidism. The patients were divided into two groups, male and female. These two groups were compared in terms of age, TSH, free-T4 (FT4), vitamin D, free-T3 (FT3), and body mass index (BMI). In addition, the correlation between levels of vitamin D and TSH was also examined in these two groups. The mean age of the patients was 27.5 years, and BMI was 28.00 kg/m2, indicating overweight. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 61(70.9%) patients and severe vitamin D deficiency in 10(11.6%) patients with hypothyroidism. 25(OH)D levels were significantly low in patients with high TSH levels, showing a weak negative correlation (r=-0.132, P=0.043). A negligible positive correlation was identified between 25(OH)D levels and FT4 r=0.089, P>0.05) and FT3 (r=0.071, P>0.05), and a negligible negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.059, P>0.05). Conclusion: There is a clear indication that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in hypothyroid patients and that these subjects have lower levels of serum 25(OH)D. Suggesting that lower serum 25(OH)D is related to hypothyroidism and the deficiency in vitamin D plays a role in the development of the disease.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults. A total of 2346 adults underwent a detailed dental examination as part of the health assessment of a national population study – The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing. 25(OH)D analysis was performed on frozen non-fasting total plasma using LC-MS. The analysis included both multiple logistic regression and multinominal logistic regression to investigate associations between 25(OH)D concentration, periodontitis and tooth loss, adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Results of the analysis found the mean age of participants was 65·3 years (sd 8·2) and 55·3 % of the group were female. Based on the quintile of 25(OH)D concentration, participants in the lowest v. highest quintile had an OR of 1·57 (95 % CI 1·16, 2·13; P < 0·01) of having periodontitis in the fully adjusted model. For tooth loss, participants in the lowest v. highest quintile of 25(OH)D had a RRR of 1·55 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·13; P < 0·01) to have 1–19 teeth and a RRR of 1·96 (95 % CI 1·20, 3·21; P < 0·01) to be edentulous, relative to those with ≥ 20 teeth in the fully adjusted models. These findings demonstrate that in this cross-sectional study of older men and women from Ireland, 25(OH)D concentration was associated with both periodontitis and tooth loss, independent of other risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to probe the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: The study included 1169 gout patients and 7029 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 and 2001–2018, respectively. The association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models. Results: Among participants with gout and HUA, the weighted mean concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were 71.49 ± 30.09 nmol/L and 64.81 ± 26.92 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 29.68% of gout patients and 37.83% of HUA patients. During 6783 person-years of follow-up among gout patients, 248 all-cause deaths occurred, among which 76 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 49 died from cancer. 1375 HUA patients were recorded for all-cause mortality during 59,859 person-years of follow-up, including 427 CVD deaths and 232 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustment, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with lower risk of 55% all-cause mortality and 61% CVD mortality among gout patients, and a 45% reduced risk of cancer mortality among HUA patients. Restricted cubic splines showed a U-shaped relationship with all-cause and CVD mortality among HUA patients, with inflection points of 72.7 nmol/L and 38.0 nmol/L, respectively. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D was negatively linearly correlated with mortality among gout patients, whereas U-shaped correlated with mortality in HUA patients. These results indicate that adequate vitamin D status could prevent premature death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ［25（OH）D］ and sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） levels in pregnant women with obese polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS) and their predictive value for adverse pregnancy. Methods Totally 125 pregnant women with obese PCOS （PCOS group) and 52 healthy pregnant women in the same period （control group) were selected, and the pregnant women with obese PCOS were divided into the adverse pregnancy group （48) and good pregnancy group （77) according to the pregnancy outcome. Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factors of adverse pregnancy in the obese pregnant women with PCOS were analyzed by multifactorial Logistic regression, and the predictive value of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels for adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with PCOS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Compared with the control group, serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were reduced in the PCOS group （both P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy in 125 pregnant women with obese PCOS was 38. 40% （48/ 125）. Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were lower in the adverse pregnancy group than those in the good pregnancy group （both P<0. 05). Elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, elevated testosterone, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with obese PCOS, and elevated 25（OH）D and elevated SHBG were independent protective factors （all P<0. 05). The area under the curve of serum 25（OH）D combined with SHBG in predicting obese PCOS was 0. 882, which was greater than that （0. 783 and 0. 775） of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels alone （both P<0. 05）. Conclusion Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels in pregnant women with obese PCOS decrease, which are closely associated with adverse pregnancy, and the combined detection of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG is of high value in predicting adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with obese PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Numerous studies demonstrate associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and a variety of common disorders, including musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Although a causal link between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and many disorders has not been clearly established, these associations have led to widespread supplementation with vitamin D and increased laboratory testing for 25(OH)D in the general population. The benefit-risk ratio of this increase in vitamin D use is not clear, and the optimal vitamin D intake and the role of testing for 25(OH)D for disease prevention remain uncertain. Objective To develop clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol [vitamin D3] or ergocalciferol [vitamin D2]) to lower the risk of disease in individuals without established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts, along with experts in guideline methodology and systematic literature review, identified and prioritized 14 clinically relevant questions related to the use of vitamin D and 25(OH)D testing to lower the risk of disease. The panel prioritized randomized placebo-controlled trials in general populations (without an established indication for vitamin D treatment or 25[OH]D testing), evaluating the effects of empiric vitamin D administration throughout the lifespan, as well as in select conditions (pregnancy and prediabetes). The panel defined "empiric supplementation" as vitamin D intake that (a) exceeds the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and (b) is implemented without testing for 25(OH)D. Systematic reviews queried electronic databases for publications related to these 14 clinical questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and guide recommendations. The approach incorporated perspectives from a patient representative and considered patient values, costs and resources required, acceptability and feasibility, and impact on health equity of the proposed recommendations. The process to develop this clinical guideline did not use a risk assessment framework and was not designed to replace current DRI for vitamin D. Results The panel suggests empiric vitamin D supplementation for children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years to prevent nutritional rickets and because of its potential to lower the risk of respiratory tract infections; for those aged 75 years and older because of its potential to lower the risk of mortality; for those who are pregnant because of its potential to lower the risk of preeclampsia, intra-uterine mortality, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, and neonatal mortality; and for those with high-risk prediabetes because of its potential to reduce progression to diabetes. Because the vitamin D doses in the included clinical trials varied considerably and many trial participants were allowed to continue their own vitamin D–containing supplements, the optimal doses for empiric vitamin D supplementation remain unclear for the populations considered. For nonpregnant people older than 50 years for whom vitamin D is indicated, the panel suggests supplementation via daily administration of vitamin D, rather than intermittent use of high doses. The panel suggests against empiric vitamin D supplementation above the current DRI to lower the risk of disease in healthy adults younger than 75 years. No clinical trial evidence was found to support routine screening for 25(OH)D in the general population, nor in those with obesity or dark complexion, and there was no clear evidence defining the optimal target level of 25(OH)D required for disease prevention in the populations considered; thus, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in all populations considered. The panel judged that, in most situations, empiric vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, feasible, acceptable to both healthy individuals and health care professionals, and has no negative effect on health equity. Conclusion The panel suggests empiric vitamin D for those aged 1 to 18 years and adults over 75 years of age, those who are pregnant, and those with high-risk prediabetes. Due to the scarcity of natural food sources rich in vitamin D, empiric supplementation can be achieved through a combination of fortified foods and supplements that contain vitamin D. Based on the absence of supportive clinical trial evidence, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in the absence of established indications. These recommendations are not meant to replace the current DRIs for vitamin D, nor do they apply to people with established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Further research is needed to determine optimal 25(OH)D levels for specific health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-held precept is that vitamin D supplementation primarily, if not exclusively, benefits individuals with low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations at baseline. However, the most appropriate 25(OH)D threshold to distinguish unacceptably low vs reliably adequate concentrations remains controversial. Such threshold proposals have largely been based on observational studies, which provide less robust evidence compared to randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Since the Endocrine Society's first vitamin D–related guideline was published in 2011, several large vitamin D–related RCTs have been published, and a newly commissioned guideline development panel (GDP) prioritized 4 clinical questions related to the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation in generally healthy individuals with 25(OH)D levels below a threshold. The GDP determined that available clinical trial evidence does not permit the establishment of 25(OH)D thresholds that specifically predict meaningful benefit with vitamin D supplementation. The panel noted important limitations in the available evidence, and the panel's overall certainty in the available evidence was very low. Nonetheless, based on the GDP's analyses and judgments, the Endocrine Society no longer endorses its previously proposed definition of vitamin D "sufficiency" (ie, at least 30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L]) or its previously proposed definition of vitamin D "insufficiency" (ie, greater than 20 ng/mL [50 nmol/L] but lower than 30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L]). The Endocrine Society's rationale for such is the subject of this Guideline Communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

25-hydroxyvitamin D is the main circulating form of vitamin D in the blood, which plays a physiological role by binding to vitamin D receptor. Research has shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D has been linked to a number of diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. In recent years, experts have found that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be associated with the onset of vitiligo. There have been some studies on the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitiligo, which has certain guiding significance for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of vitiligo. The article reviewed the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insulin resistance and/or insulin secretion dysfunction are crucial causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although some studies have suggested potential roles for vitamins D and K in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, there is limited and inconclusive research on their levels in T2DM patients and their relationship with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive studies investigating the combined effects of vitamins D and K on T2DM. Methods: A total of 195 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in the research group, while 180 volunteers undergoing physical examinations in our hospital served as the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was estimated using the glucose-oxidase technique, and fasting serum insulin (FINS) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. FPG and FINS were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum vitamin D levels were measured using 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin K levels were evaluated using phylloquinone (VK1) and menaquinone (VK2) via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of these vitamins for T2DM. Results: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25.95 ± 10.42 ng/mL), VK1 (1.24 ± 0.89 ng/mL), and VK2 (0.2 ± 0.21 ng/mL) in T2DM patients were significantly lower than in the control group (37.46 ± 13.95 ng/mL for 25- hydroxyvitamin D, 1.99 ± 1.39 ng/mL for VK1, and 0.33 ± 0.22 ng/mL for VK2; p<0.001 for all comparisons). ROC analysis indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could predict the occurrence of T2DM, with AUC values of 0.75, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively. In T2DM patients, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were positively correlated with VK1 (r=0.43, p<0.001) and VK2 (r=0.40, p<0.001) levels. FPG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients were negatively correlated with circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=-0.57, p<0.001), VK1 (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and VK2 (r=-0.36, p<0.001).Conclusion: Circulating levels of vitamins D and K are lower in T2DM patients and show significant correlations with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could have predictive value for T2DM, highlighting the potential roles of these vitamins in T2DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853). Results: A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference observed in vitamin D levels between central RVO (CRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) subtypes (P = 0.63). Conclusion: RVO patients have more vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence highlighting the intricate role of vitamin D supplementation as both a prophylactic and a treatment strategy in RVO. PROSPERO registration identifier: : CRD42024499853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is widely reported and may affect perinatal outcomes. In this secondary analysis of the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial, we examined vitamin D status and its relationship with selected pregnancy outcomes in women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) from multi-ethnic inner-city settings in the UK. Determinants of vitamin D status at a mean of 17 ± 1 weeks' gestation were assessed using multivariable linear regression and reported as percent differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Associations between 25(OH)D and clinical outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Among 1089 participants, 67 % had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 26 % had concentrations < 25 nmol/l. In fully adjusted models accounting for socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, 25(OH)D was lower among women of Black (% difference = −33; 95 % CI: −39, −27), Asian (% difference = −43; 95 % CI: −51, −35) and other non-White (% difference = −26; 95 % CI: −35, −14) ethnicity compared with women of White ethnicity (n 1086; P < 0·001 for all). In unadjusted analysis, risk of gestational diabetes was greater in women with 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l compared with ≥ 50 nmol/l (OR = 1·58; 95 % CI: 1·09, 2·31), but the magnitude of effect estimates was attenuated in the multivariable model (OR = 1·33; 95 % CI: 0·88, 2·00). There were no associations between 25(OH)D and risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth or small for gestational age or large-for-gestational-age delivery. These findings demonstrate low 25(OH)D among pregnant women with obesity and highlight ethnic disparities in vitamin D status in the UK. However, evidence for a greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with vitamin D deficiency was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.We determine the correlation between 25(OH)D and FLI and FIB-4 scores, respectively. Results: Statistically significant differences were seen between BMI, WC, C-peptide levels, FPG, ALT, serum 25(OH)D, TC, HDL, lumbar spine bone density, FLI, and FIB-4 in different degrees of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D (OR = 1.26, p = 0.001), age (OR = 0.93, P < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 1.04, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of NAFLD in patients with T2DM. Conclusions: This study revealed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and NAFLD in patients with T2DM. We also demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with FLI/FIB-4 levels in patients with T2DM with NAFLD, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may promote hepatic fibrosis progression in T2DM with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although clinical guidelines recommend measuring total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) to assess vitamin D (VitD) status, this index does not account for 3-fold inter-individual variation in VitD binding protein (VDBP) level. We present 3 individuals with total plasma 25(OH)D levels of 10.8 to 12.3 ng/mL (27-30.7 nmol/L). Because Endocrine Society guidelines define VitD deficiency as 25(OH)D = 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), all 3 would be judged to be VitD deficient. VitD3 supplementation increased 25(OH)D to the range of 31.7 to 33.8 ng/mL (79.1-84.4 nmol/L). Patient #1 exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism; VitD3 supplementation decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) by 34% without a clinically significant change in PTH levels in the other 2 individuals. Thus, 25(OH)D level did not distinguish between the 1 patient who had secondary hyperparathyroidism and the 2 who did not. We therefore inquired whether VitD metabolite ratios (which are VDBP-independent) might distinguish among these 3 individuals. Of all the assessed ratios, the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio was the most informative, which had a value of 102 pg/ng in the individual with secondary hyperparathyroidism but lower values (41 and 20 pg/ng) in the other 2 individuals. These cases illustrate the value of the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio to provide clinically relevant information about VitD status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D supplementation has shown promise in averting asthma. However, the association between 25(OH)D levels and asthma prevention in various demographic groups remains inconclusive. Here, we explore this relationship in the context of overweight and obese individuals in the United States. We scrutinized cross-sectional data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018. This dataset encompasses comprehensive information about asthma patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, in addition to data regarding 25(OH)D concentration and other pertinent variables. Among the 3889 participants, 16.2% (631/3889) reported a history of asthma, constituting 1765 (45.4%) males and 2124 (54.6%) females. The median age was 56.0 years, with a standard deviation of 16.0 years. We conducted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis to assess the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and asthma. After adjusting for confounders, compared to individuals with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (group1 ≤ 46.6 nmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for asthma in group2 (46.7–62 nmol/L), group3 (62.1–78.2 nmol/L), and group4 (≥78.3 nmol/L) were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94, p < 0.021), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47–0.88, p < 0.006), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.61–1.12, p < 0.22), respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis revealed a nonlinear U-shaped curve (p = 0.017) with an inflection point at approximately 84.95 nmol/L. High levels of 25(OH)D are correlated with a diminished prevalence of asthma among overweight and obese individuals in the United States. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence of asthma in the overweight and obese individuals. A u-shaped association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and asthma, with an inflection point of 84.95 nmol/L. Presenting supportive evidence for vitamin D supplementation in the overweight and obese individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• suboptimal response to vitamin D supplementation is common in cystic fibrosis. • whole genome sequencing can reveal genetic variants in vitamin D metabolism. • genetic variants partially explain low vitamin D levels in cystic fibrosis adults. Vitamin D sufficiency has been difficult to achieve consistently in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), even with robust oral supplements. To assess vitamin D status and resistance to supplementation, we studied 80 adults using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) determinations and whole genome sequencing to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate variants associated with vitamin D status. The results revealed that 30 % of patients were below the threshold of 30 ng/mL and thus should be regarded as insufficient despite normal vitamin E status, a reflection of adherence to fat soluble vitamin supplementation. The PRS values were significantly correlated with 25OHD concentrations, confirming our results in children with CF, and indicating that genetic factors play a role and have implications for therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors. Objectives: To determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors. Animals: Eighty‐five client‐owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age‐matched healthy bitches. Methods: Case‐control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant). Results: No significant differences were found when plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P <.01). Only the presence of mammary tumors (P <.01) and age (P =.04; adjusted R2 =.22) was significant in predicting PTH. Conclusions: Bitches with mammary tumors do not have low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations thus vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to be useful for prevention of mammary tumors in bitches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc in children, and explore the relationship between the three indexes and the growth and development of children. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, 98 children with growth retardation treated in Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in the growth retardation group, and 80 children with normal growth and development were taken as the normal growth and development group. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, zinc level and other clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, zinc level and growth and development was analyzed. Results The levels of body length/height, weight, calcium, zinc and 25- hydroxyvitamin D in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the normal growth development group (P < 0.05). The results of point-and-column correlation analysis showed that the levels of calcium, zinc and 25- hydroxyvitamin D were negatively correlated with children's growth retardation (r < 0, P < 0.05) . Logistic regression model was established. The results showed that the levels of Size / height (95%CI:0.673～0.824), weight (95%CI:0.477～0.717), calcium (95%CI: 0.127～0.467), zinc (95%CI: 0.140～0.571) and 25- hydroxyvitamin D (95%CI: 0.130～0.461) were the protective factors for children's growth and development (or < 1 The ROC curve was drawn. The results showed that the levels of calcium, zinc and 25-hydroxyvitamin D had certain predictive value for children's growth and development (AUC = 0.601, 0.627 and 0.667), and the predictive value of The three indicators are parallel was higher (AUC = 0.808). Conclusion The growth and development of children is closely related to the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc. Clinical monitoring of the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc is helpful for early prediction of children's growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: While observational research suggests a protective role for nutrition in brain aging, intervention studies remain inconclusive. This failing translation from observational to interventional research may result from overlooking nutrient interactions. METHODS: We developed a nutrient status index capturing the number of suboptimal statuses of omega‐3 fatty acids, homocysteine, and vitamin D (range 0 to 3). We associated this index with dementia incidence in a subsample (age ≥ 50 years) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. RESULTS: Among 968 participants, 79 developed dementia over 15.5 years (median follow‐up). Each point increase in nutrient status index was associated with a 50% higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 1.96). Participants with three high‐risk statuses had a four‐fold increased risk of dementia compared to participants without high‐risk status (HR = 4.68; 95% CI = 1.69, 12.94). DISCUSSION: Concurrent nutrient deficiencies are associated with the risk of dementia. The potential of optimizing nutritional status to lower dementia risk warrants further study. Highlights: Nutrition and dementia research calls for multiple‐nutrient approaches.We studied combined suboptimal statuses of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, homocysteine, and vitamin D.Suboptimal status of the three nutrients was associated with dementia risk.The risk estimate was larger than for other factors (ie, diabetes, apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier).Future studies should assess the effect of improving nutrient status on dementia risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adipose tissue is significantly involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D can affect both adipogenesis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare the production of selected adipokines, potentially involved in the pathogenesis of IBD - adiponectin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP-4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and nesfatin-1 in children with IBD according to the presence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency. Methods: The study was conducted as a case-control study in pediatric patients with IBD and healthy children of the same sex and age. In addition to adipokines and 25(OH)D, anthropometric parameters, markers of inflammation and disease activity were assessed in all participants. Results: Children with IBD had significantly higher resistin levels regardless of 25(OH)D levels. IBD patients with 25(OH)D deficiency only had significantly lower RBP-4 compared to healthy controls and also compared to IBD patients without 25(OH)D deficiency. No other significant differences in adipokines were found in children with IBD with or without 25(OH)D deficiency. 25(OH)D levels in IBD patients corelated with RBP-4 only, and did not correlate with other adipokines. Conclusions: Whether the lower RBP-4 levels in the 25(OH)D-deficient group of IBD patients directly reflect vitamin D deficiency remains uncertain. The production of other adipokines does not appear to be directly related to vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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