Search

Individuals with low levels of vitamin D are associated with cardiovascular risks, such as elevated blood pressure (BP), and are; therefore, more likely to develop hypertension. Patients with vitamin D deficiency may face an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, a multicenter, cross-sectional, and school-based investigation was conducted as part of the ERICA project. The sample comprised 1152 adolescents aged 12–17 years from 4 Brazilian cities. Anthropometric variables, BP measurements, and hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were assessed. A 2-level linear regression was fitted to examine the relationship between each level of BP and independent variables. Our findings indicate that movement behaviors were not associated with BP levels, with the exception of sleep time, which demonstrated a positive association. However, after adjustment, this association was found to be nonsignificant. Our study's mediation analysis revealed that vitamin D mediates up to 12.9% of the association between physical activity and systolic BP. Vitamin D is inversely associated with BP in adolescents. In addition to mediating the physical activity and systolic BP association, engaging in physical activity, particularly outdoors, can provide a dual benefit for adolescents by increasing serum vitamin D levels and assisting in the control of BP levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results: Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion: BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (NODM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and its etiology closely resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in people. Human patients with T1DM commonly have cellular derangements consistent with inflammation, impaired immune function, and hypovitaminosis D. There is little information available regarding inflammatory biomarkers, immune function, and vitamin D status in diabetic dogs. Therefore, our objectives were to assess inflammatory biomarkers, vitamin D metabolites, and phagocytic capacity in diabetic dogs and determine whether associations exist with these variables and the level of clinical control or vitamin D metabolites. This was a prospective case--control study that included 20 otherwise healthy diabetic dogs (clinically controlled, n = 10; uncontrolled, n = 10) and 20 nondiabetic, healthy, age (± 2 years), breed, and sex matched controls. Complete blood count, biochemical panel, urinalysis, and fructosamine were performed at a single commercial reference laboratory. Basal plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin (OH)2D3 were measured with HPLC. Phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated with flow cytometry. Diabetic dogs had higher serum CRP concentrations than controls (p = 0.02). Plasma IL-8 concentrations were higher in diabetic dogs with uncontrolled clinical disease compared to controls (p = 0.02). Diabetic dogs had a lower percentage of leukocytes that phagocytized opsonized-E. coli (p = 0.02), but an increased number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (p < 0.001) compared to controls. No between-group differences were identified in vitamin D metabolites, nor were associations found between vitamin D and any variables. Fructosamine had a positive association with serum CRP concentration (rho = 0.35, p = 0.03) and number of bacteria phagocytized per cell (rho = 0.45, p = 0.004) in our cohort (n = 40). Like people with T1DM, diabetic dogs have a proinflammatory phenotype and phagocytic dysregulation that may be correlated with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Vitamin D supplementation is a promising complementary therapy for PCOS, yet there is no consensus on an optimal dose, leading to a lack of evidence-based supplementation guidelines. Objective The objective of this study was to conduct a vitamin D dose–response meta-analysis among women with PCOS. Data sources MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from inception to November 2022 were searched for relevant articles. Data extraction Study screening and bias assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Eight relevant studies were identified; data for serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) at baseline and at 12 weeks in each intervention group (mean ± SD) and vitamin D dose were extracted. Data analysis Estimates across studies were used to create a pooled curve, using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of the distribution of doses, to estimate the mean difference in effect for serum 25(OH)D at each dose compared with 0 IU/day. Sensitivity analyses were conducted fixing knots at 4000 IU/day and 7000 IU/day, which were a priori identified as potentially important thresholds, and to assess model fit and estimate heterogeneity. The pooled analysis demonstrated strong evidence of a dose–response relationship (P < .001), suggesting an increasing effect with increasing dose. An initial increase in serum 25(OH)D was evident until doses of approximately 3000 IU/day; this was followed by a plateau in effect between approximately 3000 IU/day and 5000 IU/day. The effect of supplementation with >5000 IU/day was unclear, given the minimal data at higher doses. The curve produced robust results for moderate doses (3000 IU/day to 4000 IU/day), which were not sensitive to model specification. Conclusion Women with PCOS are responsive to vitamin D supplementation, but the benefit of providing doses of >3000 IU/day appears minimal. Further data is required to determine dose–response at doses of >5000 IU/day, and whether higher intakes provide a clinically meaningful advantage in this population. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021259396. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposePatients and methodsResultsConclusionThis aim of this study was to assess the possible association between diurnal oscillations and biochemical markers associated with calcium homeostasis. This included the markers parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, total alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D). By examining the influence of circadian rhythms on these parameters, the study aimed to deepen the understanding of calcium metabolism dynamics and its clinical implications.Blood samples from 24 Caucasian male volunteers aged 20 to 40 (mean age 26) with normal pulse, blood pressure, and BMI were analyzed for biochemical markers related to calcium homeostasis. Data was obtained from the Bispebjerg study of diurnal variations. Blood samples were collected every three hours over a 24-hour period. Patients were fasting from 22:00 to 09:00. The participants spent 24 h in the hospital ward, receiving regular meals and engaging in low-intensity activities. They experienced 15 h of daylight and 9 h of complete darkness during sleep. Diurnal oscillations were analyzed using cosinor analysis with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Total calcium, phosphate, and PTH exhibited significant diurnal variations. Total calcium and PTH were inversely synchronized while PTH and phosphate oscillated in synchronization. The three parameters showed relatively large amplitude/reference range ratios from 25.4% to 41.5%.This study found notable fluctuations in total calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels over a 24-hour cycle, while 25-OH-D and total alkaline phosphatase remained consistent. It highlights the importance of considering sampling times for total calcium, PTH, and phosphate in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to probe the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: The study included 1169 gout patients and 7029 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 and 2001–2018, respectively. The association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models. Results: Among participants with gout and HUA, the weighted mean concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were 71.49 ± 30.09 nmol/L and 64.81 ± 26.92 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 29.68% of gout patients and 37.83% of HUA patients. During 6783 person-years of follow-up among gout patients, 248 all-cause deaths occurred, among which 76 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 49 died from cancer. 1375 HUA patients were recorded for all-cause mortality during 59,859 person-years of follow-up, including 427 CVD deaths and 232 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustment, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with lower risk of 55% all-cause mortality and 61% CVD mortality among gout patients, and a 45% reduced risk of cancer mortality among HUA patients. Restricted cubic splines showed a U-shaped relationship with all-cause and CVD mortality among HUA patients, with inflection points of 72.7 nmol/L and 38.0 nmol/L, respectively. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D was negatively linearly correlated with mortality among gout patients, whereas U-shaped correlated with mortality in HUA patients. These results indicate that adequate vitamin D status could prevent premature death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ［25（OH）D］ and sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） levels in pregnant women with obese polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS) and their predictive value for adverse pregnancy. Methods Totally 125 pregnant women with obese PCOS （PCOS group) and 52 healthy pregnant women in the same period （control group) were selected, and the pregnant women with obese PCOS were divided into the adverse pregnancy group （48) and good pregnancy group （77) according to the pregnancy outcome. Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factors of adverse pregnancy in the obese pregnant women with PCOS were analyzed by multifactorial Logistic regression, and the predictive value of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels for adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with PCOS was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Compared with the control group, serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were reduced in the PCOS group （both P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse pregnancy in 125 pregnant women with obese PCOS was 38. 40% （48/ 125）. Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels were lower in the adverse pregnancy group than those in the good pregnancy group （both P<0. 05). Elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, elevated testosterone, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with obese PCOS, and elevated 25（OH）D and elevated SHBG were independent protective factors （all P<0. 05). The area under the curve of serum 25（OH）D combined with SHBG in predicting obese PCOS was 0. 882, which was greater than that （0. 783 and 0. 775） of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels alone （both P<0. 05）. Conclusion Serum 25（OH）D and SHBG levels in pregnant women with obese PCOS decrease, which are closely associated with adverse pregnancy, and the combined detection of serum 25（OH）D and SHBG is of high value in predicting adverse pregnancy in pregnant women with obese PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-held precept is that vitamin D supplementation primarily, if not exclusively, benefits individuals with low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations at baseline. However, the most appropriate 25(OH)D threshold to distinguish unacceptably low vs reliably adequate concentrations remains controversial. Such threshold proposals have largely been based on observational studies, which provide less robust evidence compared to randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Since the Endocrine Society's first vitamin D–related guideline was published in 2011, several large vitamin D–related RCTs have been published, and a newly commissioned guideline development panel (GDP) prioritized 4 clinical questions related to the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation in generally healthy individuals with 25(OH)D levels below a threshold. The GDP determined that available clinical trial evidence does not permit the establishment of 25(OH)D thresholds that specifically predict meaningful benefit with vitamin D supplementation. The panel noted important limitations in the available evidence, and the panel's overall certainty in the available evidence was very low. Nonetheless, based on the GDP's analyses and judgments, the Endocrine Society no longer endorses its previously proposed definition of vitamin D "sufficiency" (ie, at least 30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L]) or its previously proposed definition of vitamin D "insufficiency" (ie, greater than 20 ng/mL [50 nmol/L] but lower than 30 ng/mL [75 nmol/L]). The Endocrine Society's rationale for such is the subject of this Guideline Communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Numerous studies demonstrate associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and a variety of common disorders, including musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Although a causal link between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and many disorders has not been clearly established, these associations have led to widespread supplementation with vitamin D and increased laboratory testing for 25(OH)D in the general population. The benefit-risk ratio of this increase in vitamin D use is not clear, and the optimal vitamin D intake and the role of testing for 25(OH)D for disease prevention remain uncertain. Objective To develop clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol [vitamin D3] or ergocalciferol [vitamin D2]) to lower the risk of disease in individuals without established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts, along with experts in guideline methodology and systematic literature review, identified and prioritized 14 clinically relevant questions related to the use of vitamin D and 25(OH)D testing to lower the risk of disease. The panel prioritized randomized placebo-controlled trials in general populations (without an established indication for vitamin D treatment or 25[OH]D testing), evaluating the effects of empiric vitamin D administration throughout the lifespan, as well as in select conditions (pregnancy and prediabetes). The panel defined "empiric supplementation" as vitamin D intake that (a) exceeds the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and (b) is implemented without testing for 25(OH)D. Systematic reviews queried electronic databases for publications related to these 14 clinical questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and guide recommendations. The approach incorporated perspectives from a patient representative and considered patient values, costs and resources required, acceptability and feasibility, and impact on health equity of the proposed recommendations. The process to develop this clinical guideline did not use a risk assessment framework and was not designed to replace current DRI for vitamin D. Results The panel suggests empiric vitamin D supplementation for children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years to prevent nutritional rickets and because of its potential to lower the risk of respiratory tract infections; for those aged 75 years and older because of its potential to lower the risk of mortality; for those who are pregnant because of its potential to lower the risk of preeclampsia, intra-uterine mortality, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, and neonatal mortality; and for those with high-risk prediabetes because of its potential to reduce progression to diabetes. Because the vitamin D doses in the included clinical trials varied considerably and many trial participants were allowed to continue their own vitamin D–containing supplements, the optimal doses for empiric vitamin D supplementation remain unclear for the populations considered. For nonpregnant people older than 50 years for whom vitamin D is indicated, the panel suggests supplementation via daily administration of vitamin D, rather than intermittent use of high doses. The panel suggests against empiric vitamin D supplementation above the current DRI to lower the risk of disease in healthy adults younger than 75 years. No clinical trial evidence was found to support routine screening for 25(OH)D in the general population, nor in those with obesity or dark complexion, and there was no clear evidence defining the optimal target level of 25(OH)D required for disease prevention in the populations considered; thus, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in all populations considered. The panel judged that, in most situations, empiric vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, feasible, acceptable to both healthy individuals and health care professionals, and has no negative effect on health equity. Conclusion The panel suggests empiric vitamin D for those aged 1 to 18 years and adults over 75 years of age, those who are pregnant, and those with high-risk prediabetes. Due to the scarcity of natural food sources rich in vitamin D, empiric supplementation can be achieved through a combination of fortified foods and supplements that contain vitamin D. Based on the absence of supportive clinical trial evidence, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in the absence of established indications. These recommendations are not meant to replace the current DRIs for vitamin D, nor do they apply to people with established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Further research is needed to determine optimal 25(OH)D levels for specific health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

25-hydroxyvitamin D is the main circulating form of vitamin D in the blood, which plays a physiological role by binding to vitamin D receptor. Research has shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D has been linked to a number of diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. In recent years, experts have found that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be associated with the onset of vitiligo. There have been some studies on the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitiligo, which has certain guiding significance for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of vitiligo. The article reviewed the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insulin resistance and/or insulin secretion dysfunction are crucial causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although some studies have suggested potential roles for vitamins D and K in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, there is limited and inconclusive research on their levels in T2DM patients and their relationship with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive studies investigating the combined effects of vitamins D and K on T2DM. Methods: A total of 195 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in the research group, while 180 volunteers undergoing physical examinations in our hospital served as the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was estimated using the glucose-oxidase technique, and fasting serum insulin (FINS) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. FPG and FINS were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum vitamin D levels were measured using 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin K levels were evaluated using phylloquinone (VK1) and menaquinone (VK2) via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of these vitamins for T2DM. Results: Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25.95 ± 10.42 ng/mL), VK1 (1.24 ± 0.89 ng/mL), and VK2 (0.2 ± 0.21 ng/mL) in T2DM patients were significantly lower than in the control group (37.46 ± 13.95 ng/mL for 25- hydroxyvitamin D, 1.99 ± 1.39 ng/mL for VK1, and 0.33 ± 0.22 ng/mL for VK2; p<0.001 for all comparisons). ROC analysis indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could predict the occurrence of T2DM, with AUC values of 0.75, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively. In T2DM patients, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were positively correlated with VK1 (r=0.43, p<0.001) and VK2 (r=0.40, p<0.001) levels. FPG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients were negatively correlated with circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=-0.57, p<0.001), VK1 (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and VK2 (r=-0.36, p<0.001).Conclusion: Circulating levels of vitamins D and K are lower in T2DM patients and show significant correlations with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could have predictive value for T2DM, highlighting the potential roles of these vitamins in T2DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853). Results: A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P < 0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference observed in vitamin D levels between central RVO (CRVO) and branch RVO (BRVO) subtypes (P = 0.63). Conclusion: RVO patients have more vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence highlighting the intricate role of vitamin D supplementation as both a prophylactic and a treatment strategy in RVO. PROSPERO registration identifier: : CRD42024499853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.We determine the correlation between 25(OH)D and FLI and FIB-4 scores, respectively. Results: Statistically significant differences were seen between BMI, WC, C-peptide levels, FPG, ALT, serum 25(OH)D, TC, HDL, lumbar spine bone density, FLI, and FIB-4 in different degrees of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D (OR = 1.26, p = 0.001), age (OR = 0.93, P < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 1.04, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of NAFLD in patients with T2DM. Conclusions: This study revealed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and NAFLD in patients with T2DM. We also demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with FLI/FIB-4 levels in patients with T2DM with NAFLD, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may promote hepatic fibrosis progression in T2DM with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although clinical guidelines recommend measuring total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) to assess vitamin D (VitD) status, this index does not account for 3-fold inter-individual variation in VitD binding protein (VDBP) level. We present 3 individuals with total plasma 25(OH)D levels of 10.8 to 12.3 ng/mL (27-30.7 nmol/L). Because Endocrine Society guidelines define VitD deficiency as 25(OH)D = 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), all 3 would be judged to be VitD deficient. VitD3 supplementation increased 25(OH)D to the range of 31.7 to 33.8 ng/mL (79.1-84.4 nmol/L). Patient #1 exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism; VitD3 supplementation decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) by 34% without a clinically significant change in PTH levels in the other 2 individuals. Thus, 25(OH)D level did not distinguish between the 1 patient who had secondary hyperparathyroidism and the 2 who did not. We therefore inquired whether VitD metabolite ratios (which are VDBP-independent) might distinguish among these 3 individuals. Of all the assessed ratios, the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio was the most informative, which had a value of 102 pg/ng in the individual with secondary hyperparathyroidism but lower values (41 and 20 pg/ng) in the other 2 individuals. These cases illustrate the value of the 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D ratio to provide clinically relevant information about VitD status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D supplementation has shown promise in averting asthma. However, the association between 25(OH)D levels and asthma prevention in various demographic groups remains inconclusive. Here, we explore this relationship in the context of overweight and obese individuals in the United States. We scrutinized cross-sectional data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018. This dataset encompasses comprehensive information about asthma patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, in addition to data regarding 25(OH)D concentration and other pertinent variables. Among the 3889 participants, 16.2% (631/3889) reported a history of asthma, constituting 1765 (45.4%) males and 2124 (54.6%) females. The median age was 56.0 years, with a standard deviation of 16.0 years. We conducted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis to assess the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and asthma. After adjusting for confounders, compared to individuals with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (group1 ≤ 46.6 nmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for asthma in group2 (46.7–62 nmol/L), group3 (62.1–78.2 nmol/L), and group4 (≥78.3 nmol/L) were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94, p < 0.021), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47–0.88, p < 0.006), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.61–1.12, p < 0.22), respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis revealed a nonlinear U-shaped curve (p = 0.017) with an inflection point at approximately 84.95 nmol/L. High levels of 25(OH)D are correlated with a diminished prevalence of asthma among overweight and obese individuals in the United States. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence of asthma in the overweight and obese individuals. A u-shaped association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and asthma, with an inflection point of 84.95 nmol/L. Presenting supportive evidence for vitamin D supplementation in the overweight and obese individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• suboptimal response to vitamin D supplementation is common in cystic fibrosis. • whole genome sequencing can reveal genetic variants in vitamin D metabolism. • genetic variants partially explain low vitamin D levels in cystic fibrosis adults. Vitamin D sufficiency has been difficult to achieve consistently in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), even with robust oral supplements. To assess vitamin D status and resistance to supplementation, we studied 80 adults using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) determinations and whole genome sequencing to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate variants associated with vitamin D status. The results revealed that 30 % of patients were below the threshold of 30 ng/mL and thus should be regarded as insufficient despite normal vitamin E status, a reflection of adherence to fat soluble vitamin supplementation. The PRS values were significantly correlated with 25OHD concentrations, confirming our results in children with CF, and indicating that genetic factors play a role and have implications for therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors. Objectives: To determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors. Animals: Eighty‐five client‐owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age‐matched healthy bitches. Methods: Case‐control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant). Results: No significant differences were found when plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P <.01). Only the presence of mammary tumors (P <.01) and age (P =.04; adjusted R2 =.22) was significant in predicting PTH. Conclusions: Bitches with mammary tumors do not have low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations thus vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to be useful for prevention of mammary tumors in bitches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc in children, and explore the relationship between the three indexes and the growth and development of children. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, 98 children with growth retardation treated in Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in the growth retardation group, and 80 children with normal growth and development were taken as the normal growth and development group. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, zinc level and other clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, zinc level and growth and development was analyzed. Results The levels of body length/height, weight, calcium, zinc and 25- hydroxyvitamin D in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the normal growth development group (P < 0.05). The results of point-and-column correlation analysis showed that the levels of calcium, zinc and 25- hydroxyvitamin D were negatively correlated with children's growth retardation (r < 0, P < 0.05) . Logistic regression model was established. The results showed that the levels of Size / height (95%CI:0.673～0.824), weight (95%CI:0.477～0.717), calcium (95%CI: 0.127～0.467), zinc (95%CI: 0.140～0.571) and 25- hydroxyvitamin D (95%CI: 0.130～0.461) were the protective factors for children's growth and development (or < 1 The ROC curve was drawn. The results showed that the levels of calcium, zinc and 25-hydroxyvitamin D had certain predictive value for children's growth and development (AUC = 0.601, 0.627 and 0.667), and the predictive value of The three indicators are parallel was higher (AUC = 0.808). Conclusion The growth and development of children is closely related to the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc. Clinical monitoring of the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and zinc is helpful for early prediction of children's growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: While observational research suggests a protective role for nutrition in brain aging, intervention studies remain inconclusive. This failing translation from observational to interventional research may result from overlooking nutrient interactions. METHODS: We developed a nutrient status index capturing the number of suboptimal statuses of omega‐3 fatty acids, homocysteine, and vitamin D (range 0 to 3). We associated this index with dementia incidence in a subsample (age ≥ 50 years) of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. RESULTS: Among 968 participants, 79 developed dementia over 15.5 years (median follow‐up). Each point increase in nutrient status index was associated with a 50% higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16, 1.96). Participants with three high‐risk statuses had a four‐fold increased risk of dementia compared to participants without high‐risk status (HR = 4.68; 95% CI = 1.69, 12.94). DISCUSSION: Concurrent nutrient deficiencies are associated with the risk of dementia. The potential of optimizing nutritional status to lower dementia risk warrants further study. Highlights: Nutrition and dementia research calls for multiple‐nutrient approaches.We studied combined suboptimal statuses of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, homocysteine, and vitamin D.Suboptimal status of the three nutrients was associated with dementia risk.The risk estimate was larger than for other factors (ie, diabetes, apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier).Future studies should assess the effect of improving nutrient status on dementia risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adipose tissue is significantly involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D can affect both adipogenesis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare the production of selected adipokines, potentially involved in the pathogenesis of IBD - adiponectin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP-4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and nesfatin-1 in children with IBD according to the presence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency. Methods: The study was conducted as a case-control study in pediatric patients with IBD and healthy children of the same sex and age. In addition to adipokines and 25(OH)D, anthropometric parameters, markers of inflammation and disease activity were assessed in all participants. Results: Children with IBD had significantly higher resistin levels regardless of 25(OH)D levels. IBD patients with 25(OH)D deficiency only had significantly lower RBP-4 compared to healthy controls and also compared to IBD patients without 25(OH)D deficiency. No other significant differences in adipokines were found in children with IBD with or without 25(OH)D deficiency. 25(OH)D levels in IBD patients corelated with RBP-4 only, and did not correlate with other adipokines. Conclusions: Whether the lower RBP-4 levels in the 25(OH)D-deficient group of IBD patients directly reflect vitamin D deficiency remains uncertain. The production of other adipokines does not appear to be directly related to vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to characterize the relationship between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and the circulating lipid concentrations of patients with NAFLD in the Hulunbuir region of China. Methods: One hundred fifty-six patients, who were diagnosed with NAFLD in the Physical Examination Department of the Second Clinical College of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities between January 2021 and March 2023, were recruited as NAFLD group, and 160 healthy people were recruited as a control group during the same period. The serum 25(OH)VitD, TBIL, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, ALT, GGT, and FPG activities of the participants were measured, and hepatic ultrasonography was performed. Results: The BMI of the NAFLD group was higher than of the control group (p < 0.05). The serum 25(OH)VitD3 (p < 0.05) and the HDL-C concentrations of the NAFLD group were lower than those of the normal control group. However, the AST (p < 0.05), ALT (p < 0.05), and GGT (p < 0.05) activities, and the serum TG (p < 0.05), TC (p < 0.05), LDL-C (p < 0.05), and the fasting glucose (p < 0.05) concentrations of the NAFLD group were higher than those of the normal control group. The serum 25(OH)VitD3 concentrations of the NAFLD group significantly correlated negatively with BMI (r = -0.302, p < 0.01), TG (r = -0.221, p < 0.05), and fasting glucose (r = -0.236, p < 0.05). The BMI, TG, and fasting glucose of vitamin D-deficient participants were higher than of the participants with adequate or insufficient levels of vitamin D (p < 0.05). Finally, the BMI of vitamin D-deficient participants was higher than of those with an adequate vitamin D status (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A deficiency of 25(OH)VitD is more common in people from the Hulunbuir region of China than elsewhere. In addition, the vitamin D status is significantly associated with NAFLD; as the serum vitamin D concentration decreases, patients with NAFLD show greater dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia and a higher BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Season of birth has been associated with age at menarche. Maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy may explain this effect. We investigated whether the season of first trimester or maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were associated with pubertal timing in children. METHODS: We conducted a follow-up study of 15 819 children born in 2000-03 from the Puberty Cohort, nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Mean differences in attaining numerous pubertal markers, including a combined estimate for the average age at attaining all pubertal markers, were estimated for low (November-April) relative to high (May-October) sunshine exposure season in the first trimester using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Moreover, we conducted a two-sample instrumental variable analysis using season as an instrument for maternal first-trimester 25(OH)D3 plasma levels obtained from a non-overlapping subset (n = 827) in the DNBC. RESULTS: For the combined estimate, girls and boys of mothers who had their first trimester during November-April had earlier pubertal timing than girls and boys of mothers whose first trimester occurred during May-October: -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.7 to -0.3) and -0.7 months (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.1), respectively. In the instrumental variable analysis, girls and boys also had earlier pubertal timing: respectively, -1.3 months (95% CI: -2.1 to -0.4) and -1.0 months (95% CI: -1.8 to -0.2) per SD (22 nmol/L) decrease in 25(OH)D3. CONCLUSIONS: Both first pregnancy trimester during November-April and lower 25(OH)D3 were associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls and boys.

Abstract Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between common BTMs and DKD in a large sample of elderly patients. The goal is to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk individuals for DKD among elderly T2DM patients from a bone metabolism perspective. Methods In this cross-sectional study, BTMs were collected from a cohort of 2,051 hospitalized Chinese patients. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OSTEOC), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and total type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (TP1NP), and DKD, as well as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed using regression analysis and restrictive cubic spline (RCS) curves. Results Higher 25-OH-D levels were independently linked to a lower incidence of DKD and decreased UACR. The RCS curves showed a linear association of 25-OH-D and DKD, approaching the L-shape. β-CTX was independently and positively correlated with UACR. There is an independent positive correlation between OSTEOC and UACR and a negative correlation with eGFR. iPTH is independently and positively correlated with DKD incidence and UACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. Additionally, the RCS curves showed a non-linear association of OSTEOC and iPTH and DKD, approaching the J-shape, and the point of inflection is 10.875 ng/L and 34.15 pg/mL respectively. There is an independent positive correlation between TP1NP and UACR incidence, and a negative correlation with eGFR. Risk estimates significantly increase with higher TP1NP levels in the RCS model. Conclusion BTMs are closely associated with kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM. These discoveries potentially assist clinicians in establishing more preventive measures and targeted treatment strategies for elderly patients with T2DM.

Lijing Huo,1 Xuexin Liu,2 Changmei Wei,1 Fang Yu,1 Luping Ren,3 Yanqing Tie1 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Health Check-up Centers, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lijing Huo, Department of Medical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Email huolijing1979@126.comAim: This study was intended to establish the reference intervals of bone turnover markers (BTMs) for healthy populations.Methods: According to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c, we recruited 774 healthy Chinese and investigated their clinical characteristics and relationships among gender, age, season and BTMs. The reference intervals of BTMs for healthy populations in Hebei of China were established through defining the central 95% range of all observations.Results: We found that gender were associated with 25(OH)D, OC, β-CTX, and P1NP (P < 0.05), but not PTH1-84 (P=0.138). All serum BTMs showed differences among different age groups (P < 0.01). The level of 25 (OH) D in winter showed statistical differences with spring, summer, and autumn (P< 0.05). The OC level showed statistical difference between summer and winter (P=0.000). The P1NP levels showed statistical difference between spring and winter (P=0.019), summer and winter (P=0.000), and summer and autumn (P=0.012), respectively. The PTH1-84 levels in winter showed statistical differences with spring, and summer (all P=0.000), while there was no statistically significant difference in β- CTX levels between seasons.Conclusion: We have established the reference intervals of several BTMs for healthy individuals in Hebei of China, which have statistical significance across different age groups and genders, and there are also significant differences between different seasons. Therefore, the Chinese medical laboratories in different locations should group individuals according to gender and age groups in different seasons, and establish corresponding biological reference intervals.Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, osteocalcin, OC, β-carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen, β-CTX, N-terminal procollagen of type I collagen, P1NP, parathyroid hormone 1-84, PTH1-84

Shaojie Bi,1 Juan Zhang,1 Ning Wei,2 Qingbo Zhou,3,4 Chunyan Wang3 1Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Information Center, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chunyan Wang, Email 201062013735@email.sdu.edu.cnIntroduction: Anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin or erythrocyte levels, is a significant global health issue with severe implications for public health. Recent studies have explored the potential link between anemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to clarify the possible causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and anemia risk.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive investigation combining observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. The observational study included detailed demographic, comorbidities, and laboratory data collected from 7160 hospitalized patients in China. For the MR analysis, genetic polymorphisms were utilized to assess causal effects.Results: Observational analysis revealed an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of anemia, with stratified analysis indicating a nonlinear association and a threshold of 48.716 nmol/L. The MR analysis confirmed a protective causal relationship between higher 25(OH)D levels and a reduced risk of anemia. Bidirectional MR analysis found no evidence that anemia influences 25(OH)D levels.Discussion: This study provides strong evidence of a causal link between increased 25(OH)D levels and a lower incidence of anemia. The findings highlight the potential role of vitamin D in anemia prevention, supporting the need for further research into vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to reduce anemia risk.Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that higher 25(OH)D levels are causally associated with a reduced risk of anemia, suggesting vitamin D’s potential role in anemia prevention and public health strategies.Keywords: anemia, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Mendelian randomization

Abstract Background We aimed to probe the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods The study included 1169 gout patients and 7029 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018 and 2001–2018, respectively. The association between serum 25(OH)D and mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models. Results Among participants with gout and HUA, the weighted mean concentrations of serum 25(OH)D were 71.49 ± 30.09 nmol/L and 64.81 ± 26.92 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency occurred in 29.68% of gout patients and 37.83% of HUA patients. During 6783 person-years of follow-up among gout patients, 248 all-cause deaths occurred, among which 76 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 49 died from cancer. 1375 HUA patients were recorded for all-cause mortality during 59,859 person-years of follow-up, including 427 CVD deaths and 232 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustment, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with lower risk of 55% all-cause mortality and 61% CVD mortality among gout patients, and a 45% reduced risk of cancer mortality among HUA patients. Restricted cubic splines showed a U-shaped relationship with all-cause and CVD mortality among HUA patients, with inflection points of 72.7 nmol/L and 38.0 nmol/L, respectively. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D was negatively linearly correlated with mortality among gout patients, whereas U-shaped correlated with mortality in HUA patients. These results indicate that adequate vitamin D status could prevent premature death.

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious depression that develops in the first year, with unknown explained reasons. Many studies evaluated the impact of Vitamin D (VD) levels on depression during pregnancy and postnatal. This narrative review aims to review any association between serum VD levels during pregnancy and the development of PPD. Materials and Methods: PPD data from published trials and research articles (period from 2012 to 2022) were assessed through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the following terms: Depression, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH VD), vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and postpartum (PP). Articles were selected manually and with careful tracking to avoid duplication. Articles that investigated any association between VD levels during pregnancy and PPD in the time frame were included in the study, while articles investigating VD levels of PP without depression were excluded. Results: In this narrative review, five out of seven studies showed an association between PPD and VDD during pregnancy. Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) enrolled among different studies from 3 days to 1 year PP to assess PPD. Conclusions: Pregnant women with VDD are significantly associated with PPD. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the association between VDD with PPD. Screening VD levels among pre-postnatal mothers may be essential for awareness programs that can be implemented to promote remission of postnatal depression.

Abstract Background This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853). Results A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P

Abstract Background Little information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors. Objectives To determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors. Animals Eighty‐five client‐owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age‐matched healthy bitches. Methods Case‐control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant). Results No significant differences were found when plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P

Abstract Objective We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected. We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.We determine the correlation between 25(OH)D and FLI and FIB-4 scores, respectively. Results Statistically significant differences were seen between BMI, WC, C-peptide levels, FPG, ALT, serum 25(OH)D, TC, HDL, lumbar spine bone density, FLI, and FIB-4 in different degrees of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D (OR = 1.26, p = 0.001), age (OR = 0.93, P

Background: Thyroid disease is one of the most common illnesses in the UAE, which could be linked to vast numbers of people suffering from vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and thyroid function parameters in men and women with diagnosed hypothyroidism. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional observational study included 86 patients (78[90.7%] women and 8[9.3%] men) with diagnosed hypothyroidism. The patients were divided into two groups, male and female. These two groups were compared in terms of age, TSH, free-T4 (FT4), vitamin D, free-T3 (FT3), and body mass index (BMI). In addition, the correlation between levels of vitamin D and TSH was also examined in these two groups. The mean age of the patients was 27.5 years, and BMI was 28.00 kg/m2, indicating overweight. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 61(70.9%) patients and severe vitamin D deficiency in 10(11.6%) patients with hypothyroidism. 25(OH)D levels were significantly low in patients with high TSH levels, showing a weak negative correlation (r=-0.132, P=0.043). A negligible positive correlation was identified between 25(OH)D levels and FT4 r=0.089, P>0.05) and FT3 (r=0.071, P>0.05), and a negligible negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.059, P>0.05). Conclusion: There is a clear indication that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in hypothyroid patients and that these subjects have lower levels of serum 25(OH)D. Suggesting that lower serum 25(OH)D is related to hypothyroidism and the deficiency in vitamin D plays a role in the development of the disease.

In this study, the aim is to provide a more detailed understanding of vitamin D metabolism by evaluating the correlation between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) according to the variations in measurement methods and clinical conditions.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and its association with inflammatory markers and type 2 diabetes. We conducted our research at Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Hospital, where serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were determined for 2,806 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 30 and older between January 2018 and December 2019. Medical records were analyzed, and data on health, blood lipids, HbA1c, and inflammation were collected. Our results revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the population. Among male and female patients, median serum 25(OH)D3 levels were 22.46 and 19.00 ng/mL, respectively. More than 60% of female patients had vitamin D deficiency, with over 80% having levels below 30 ng/mL. We observed a favorable connection between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25(OH)D3, while triglycerides and HbA1c showed negative correlations. As 25(OH)D3 levels increased, inflammatory markers such as hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and monocyte count decreased (trend test, p < 0.05), although peripheral blood lymphocytes initially increased and then decreased. After controlling for age and gender, multiple linear regression analysis indicated negative correlations between ESR, hsCRP, and white blood cell count with 25(OH)D3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, which is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood.

Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona,1 Rija Eric Raherison,2 Rija Mikhaël Miandrisoa,1 Radonirina Lazasoa Andrianasolo,2 Andrianirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala2 1Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine Departments, Soavinandriana Hospital Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar; 2Endocrinology Department, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital Center, Antananarivo, MadagascarCorrespondence: Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona, Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine departments, Soavinandriana Hospital Center, Antananarivo, Madagascar, Email sitrakarah@gmail.comBackground: Diabetes mellitus is already a major cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). Hypovitaminosis D is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also increases the cardiovascular risk of these subjects.Objective: To determine the vitamin D status of Malagasy with T2DM seen at the Soavinandriana Hospital Center, and the association between hypovitaminosis D and CRF.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of 2 years. Assayed by the chemiluminescence technique, vitamin D was “normal”, “insufficient” and “deficient” if the 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma was ≥ 30 ng/mL, 20– 29 ng/mL and ≤ 19 ng/mL, respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was the set of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.Results: Among the 318 T2DM, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 66.0% (45.2% insufficiency and 20.8% deficiency). Their factors associated were age ≥ 70 years (OR = 2.15 [1.26– 3.66]), glycated haemoglobin ≥ 7% (4.97 [2.97– 8.39]), and retinopathy (OR = 4.15 [1.85– 9.32]). After adjustment for age, Hb A1c ≥ 7% and retinopathy, hypovitaminosis D was associated with hypertension (OR = 8.77 [4.76– 16.2]), dyslipidaemia (OR = 8.05 [3.98– 14.5]), ex-smoking (OR = 6.07 [2.78– 13.3]), microalbuminuria (OR = 2.95 [1.25– 6.97]) and carotid atherosclerosis (OR = 2.96 [1.83– 4.35]).Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was common in T2DM. Its treatment is primarily preventive. It is also important to control associated CRF, diabetes and its complications.Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cardiovascular risk factors, hypovitaminosis D, Madagascar, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lukas Funk, Ulrike Sonja Trampisch, Maryam Pourhassan, Rainer Wirth Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, GermanyCorrespondence: Lukas Funk Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herne, Hölkeskampring, 4044629, Deutschland, Tel +49 (0) 2323 499 5822, Email Lukas.Funk@rub.dePurpose: Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in geriatric patients. The ESPEN micronutrient guideline states that vitamin D serum levels significantly decrease in the presence of inflammation and should be interpreted with caution. This is of great interest for hospital care and would imply a significant change to the current approach to hospitalized patients with suspected vitamin D deficiency.Patients and methods: To evaluate the association of vitamin D and inflammation, we reanalyzed the data set of serum 25(OH)D-Levels of 687 consecutive geriatric hospitalized patients of a previously published study.Results: We found that vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/dl) was prevalent in 78.0% and vitamin D insufficiency (20– 30 ng/dl) in 9.9% of patients. Sperman’s correlation showed a significant but very weak correlation (R = − 0.100, P < 0.01) of serum vitamin D and C-reactive protein. However, linear regression with the inclusion of age and gender revealed no significant association (beta-coefficient − 0.070; p=0.067).Conclusion: In this study, we could not confirm a significant and clinically relevant association between serum vitamin D levels and inflammation, contrasting with a previous study. However, longitudinal studies need to be performed to draw a final conclusion.Keywords: Vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, inflammation, older, C-reactive protein, geriatric

Fang Gao,1,&ast; Xialin Zhang,2,&ast; Xiaolan Wang,2 Junyan Zhang,3 Fang Wang,1 Yan Zhou,4 Jing Wang,1 Xuewen Li,5 Ruijuan Zhang2 1Department of Prevention Care in Healthcare, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Laboratory, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ruijuan Zhang; Xuewen Li, Email 13593169668@163.com; xuewenli1010@126.comPurpose: To determine the current status of vitamin D status and the associated factors for its deficiency among Chinese hospital staff.Methods: The physical examination data of 2509 hospital staff members was analyzed alongside that of 1507 patients who visited the hospital during the corresponding period of the examination. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in the participants. The hospital staff also completed surveys about general information, laboratory examination, and occupational characteristics.Results: The median vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D concentration) of the participants was 9.0 ng/mL, ranging from 6.5 to 44.7 ng/mL, and the prevalence of deficiency (< 12.3 ng/mL) was 81.47% (2044/2509). The multivariable logistic regression revealed that nurses (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.09– 2.19, p = 0.015), BMI below 18 (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.02– 5.58, p = 0.045) associated with higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. In the contrast, age above 30 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53– 0.91, p = 0.009) and a high level of uric acid (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41– 0.78, p = 0.001) associated with lower prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher among the hospital staff (81.47%) compared to the patients who visited the hospital during the same time period (65.69%). A substantial disparity was observed in the propensity score matching dataset (69.14% vs 79.94%, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Hospital staff are a high-risk group for vitamin D deficiency. Paying attention to vitamin D status and supplementation of this vitamin are pertinent aspects of hospital staff health care. Outdoor activities, vitamin D supplementation, and foods rich in vitamin D should be advocated.Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, hospital staff, cross-sectional

Objective To analyze micronutrient levels in three types of female patients with diffuse hair loss. Methods The clinical data of 299 female patients with diffuse alopecia from January 2018 to June 2021 in the Department of Dermatology of Daping Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with diffuse alopecia was significantly lower than that in the control group, and had no impact to the type of diffuse alopecia. The concentration of serum zinc in patients with diffuse alopecia areata was also significantly lower than that in the control group. When ferritin ≤50 ng/mol was taken as the threshold of iron deficiency and 25-hydroxyvitamin D≤20 ng/mol, as the indicator level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, the proportion of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum ferritin deficiency in all the three types of diffuse hair loss patients was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). So, lack of iron and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were belived to be related to the occurrence of diffuse alopecia of women. Conclusions Iron metabolism disorder and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level play a key role in female diffuse alopecia, while the effects of copper and zinc on hair growth and hair loss cycle are not well identified yet.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and vitamin D deficiency are becoming highly prevalent among general populations. Despite plausible biological mechanisms for the role of vitamin D in cardio-protection, a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. The interest in vitamin D as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate cardiovascular risk has been raised. The question about the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular outcomes cannot be answered certainly for the moment. The association between hypovitaminosis D and CVD has been proven by some studies while other studies deny any such link. The present narrative review gives a comprehensive overview of studies on the potential impact of hypovitaminosis D on CVD. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of CVD is also evaluated. Particular emphasis is paid to those studies that achieve a high level of scientific evidence.

Abstract Aim The relationship between vitamin D status and Kawasaki Disease (KD), as well as coronary artery lesion (CAL), has yet to be established. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between vitamin D status and KD, as well as the impact of vitamin D status on the progression of KD into CAL. Results The meta-analysis revealed a consistent and significant association between serum 25(OH)D level and the occurrence KD (studies N = 22; z = -3.51, P

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and disease remission in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 59 patients in the study group and 80 patients in the validation cohort with TAK. After 6 months of therapy, patients were re-evaluated, and serum 25(OH)D levels were compared before and after treatment. Correlations between changes in 25(OH)D levels and changes in disease activity scores (NIH, ITAS2010, ITAS.A) were analyzed. Additionally, a predictive cut-off value for disease remission was determined. Results: After 6 months of therapy, serum 25(OH)D levels in TAK patients significantly increased compared to baseline [(18.33 ± 7.25)µg/L vs (11.77 ± 4.14) µg/L] (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between the increasing changes in the 25(OH)D level and the decreasing changes in the reduced NIH, ITAS2010, and ITAS.A scores (r = 0.455, P < 0.001; r = 0.495, P < 0.001; and r = 0.352 P = 0.006, respectively). A change of 8.45 µg/L in 25(OH)D level was identified as the predictive cut-off value for TAK remission (sensitivity 54.1%, specificity 90.9%, area under the curve = 0.741). Similarly for patients with normal baseline ESR, sensitivity is 68.0%, specificity is 92.3%, and area under the curve is 0.831, and for patients with normal baseline CRP, sensitivity is 58.3%, specificity is 90.0%, and area under the curve is 0.748. Validation in an additional 80 patients demonstrated a higher remission rate in those with a 25(OH)D level change > 8.45 µg/L. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D levels significantly increased after treatment in TAK patients, and an increase of ≥ 8.45 µg/L was predictive of disease remission, especially in individuals with normal baseline ESR and/or CRP levels. Key Points • Following treatment, there was a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels among TAK patients. • The elevated changes in 25(OH)D levels before and after treatment demonstrated a positive correlation with the reduction in disease activity scores. • In patients with TAK before and after treatment, an elevation in serum 25(OH)D levels exceeding 8.45 µg/L serves as an indicator for disease remission, particularly prominent in individuals with normal baseline ESR and/or CRP levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have reported low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in dermatomyositis (DM) patients, but the exact causal relationship between them remains elusive. Our aim is to confirm the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and DM risk through a Mendelian randomization study. Methods: Retrieve genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data on 25(OH)D (n = 441 291) and DM (n cases = 201, n controls = 172 834) from the GWAS database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). Select single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with 25(OH)D as instrumental variables (IVs). The primary analytical approach involves the use of the inverse‐variance weighted method (IVW), supplemented by MR‐Egger regression and weighted median methods to enhance the reliability of the results. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q and leave‐one‐out approaches, respectively. Results: The IVW analysis confirmed a positive causal relationship between genetic variation in 25(OH)D levels and DM (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.01–5.52, p =.048). Although not statistically significant (all p >.05), the other methods also suggested a protective effect of 25(OH)D on DM. Based on MR‐Egger intercepts and Cochran's Q analysis, the selected SNPs showed no horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results against individual SNPs. Conclusion: We provide the first evidence of a causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and DM. Our findings support the importance of measuring serum 25(OH)D levels and considering vitamin D supplementation in clinical practice for patients with DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonly plaguing in the frigid zone of the world, vitamin D deficiency, as indicated by low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, exacerbated inflammatory responses and impaired endothelial function. Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a prevalent cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly and is potentially associated with inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D on the severity of LA. Patients with LA were categorized based on 3.0 T brain MRI findings into mild (N = 43), moderate (N = 40), or severe groups (N = 29) using the Fazekas scale (scoring 1-6). A control group consisting of 41 healthy individuals was included. Serum fibrinogen C, homocysteine, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels were measured using ELISA. All LA severity groups exhibited lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to the control group, with a more pronounced decrease observed as LA severity increased. Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was identified as an independent risk factor for LA (P < 0.05) according to Multiple logistic regression analysis. Additionally, a negative association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vascular inflammatory factor ICAM-1. Disease severity positively correlated with levels of the inflammatory marker ICAM-1, worsening as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration decreased. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D emerged as an independent risk factor for LA, potentially exacerbating the inflammatory response. These findings suggest 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic approach for LA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Host immune responses may impact dengue severity in adults. Vitamin D has multiple immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Methods: We evaluated the association between systemic 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] and dengue disease severity in adults. We measured plasma for total 25-(OH) D levels with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using stored samples from participants with laboratory-confirmed dengue, who were prospectively enrolled in 2012-2016 at our institution. Results: A total of 80 participants (median age 43 years) were enrolled in the study. Six participants had severe dengue based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 1997 criteria (i.e. dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome) and another six had severe dengue based on the WHO 2009 criteria. Median 25-(OH) D at the acute phase of dengue was 6.175 (interquartile range 3.82-8.21, range 3.00-15.29) mcg/L in all participants. The 25-(OH) D showed an inverse linear trend with severe dengue manifestations based on the WHO 2009 criteria (adjusted risk ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.91, P < 0.01) after adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity. Conclusion: Limited studies have evaluated the role of systemic 25-(OH) D on dengue severity. Our study found low systemic 25-(OH) D was associated with increased dengue disease severity, particularly for severe bleeding that was not explained by thrombocytopenia. Further studies investigating the underlying immune mechanisms and effects on the vascular endothelium are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical activity relationship between serum vitamin D levels, which are also steroid hormones, and to investigate the correlation between clinical and laboratory data and possible relationships. Material and Methods: A total of 126 adult patients who met the 2019 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria and the 2010 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) classification criteria and were treated in the outpatient clinics of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation were included in the study. Ten patients were excluded because their data were not suitable for the study. In all patients. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, vitamin D level, pain assessment with Visual Analog Scale, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were used to assess functional ability and health status in daily life. Results: Eighty-four patients (72.4%) who participated in the study had RA and 32 patients (27.6%) had SLE. In the SLE group, 27 (84.4%) patients were female, and there was no difference between the two groups in terms of gender. The mean age was 39.32±6.64 years in the SLE group and 50.76±9.07 years in the RA group. While the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] level in the SLE group was 10.53±3.52, the vitamin D level in the RA group was 14.20±5.28, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.0001). In the RA group, a significant negative correlation was found between the HAQ level and 25-(OH)D measured in terms of clinical activation (p=0.001). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, 25-(OH)D levels were lower in patients with SLE, one of the major autoimmune diseases, than in patients in the RA group. A negative correlation of the 25-(OH)D level with HAQ was found in RA patients. Monitoring vitamin D levels and raising them to an optimal level are clinically important in autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) significantly influences endothelial function. This study assessed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and endothelial function using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fasting blood samples from 102 T2DM participants and VRI were assessed. Patients were divided into three categories based on VRI: low (VRI < 1.0), intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and good (VRI ≥ 2.0). Among these patients, 30 (29.4%) had poor, 39 (38.2%) had intermediate, and 33 (32.4%) exhibited good vascular reactivity. Higher serum fasting glucose (p = 0.019), glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.009), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p = 0.006) were associated, while lower prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.029), lower systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027), lower diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and lower circulation 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001) were associated with poor vascular reactivity. Significant independent associations between diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and serum 25(OH)D level (p < 0.001) and VRI were seen in T2DM patients according to multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis. Serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with VRI values, and lower levels of serum 25(OH)D were linked to endothelial dysfunction in T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background-Purpose: Low serum vitamin D (VD) has been already associated with a series of highly prevalent pain-related conditions, including fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic widespread pain. Considering the potential interplay between VD and pain signalling pathways, the association of VD with tension-type headache (TTH) was reviewed. Methods: A multifaceted narrative approach assessing the relationship of serum VD with TTH and TTH parameters, as well as the efficacy of VD supplementation for the prevention of TTH, was fostered. MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE were comprehensively searched for this purpose, while Google Scholar was also explored according to a structured approach. ClinicalTrials.gov and European Union Clinical Trials Register were explored for ongoing prevention trials. Results: Although available evidence was suggestive of an association between VD and TTH, mainly of the chronic type, the causal nature of the association remains to be determined. Considering the lack of longitudinal evidence, this relationship could arguably reflect behavioural patterns of headache sufferers. On the other hand, evidence principally originated from tertiary clinical settings (severe comorbidity burden) and researchers tend to report a concomitant association of both entities with generalized musculoskeletal compromise. In this context, the association between TTH and VD may represent nothing more than a secondary by-product of the simultaneous relationship of other comorbid diseases-conditions with both TTH and low serum VD. Regarding its efficacious properties, only one ongoing trial specifically designed to explore the efficacy of VD in chronic TTH in adults was retrieved. Conclusions: There is no evidenced based indication for VD supplementation in TTH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In observational studies, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in body has been found to be closely related to particulate matter (PM) air pollution. In this study, we used the two-sample mendelian randomisation (MR) method to investigate and discuss the potential causal relationship and mode of influence. MR study. PM data (PM 10 , PM 2.5-10 , PM 2.5, PM 2.5 absorbance) came from the UK Biobank database, and 25(OH)D data came from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database. The analysis was conducted utilising three prominent methods (inverse-variance-weighted [IVW], MR–Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). The primary emphasis was placed on IVW, accompanied by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was undertaken. The MR analysis revealed a significant association between exposure to PM 10 and a decrease in levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio [OR]: 0.878, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.789–0.977). However, no significant relationship was observed between PM 2.5 exposure and 25(OH)D (OR: 0.943, 95%CI: 0.858–1.037). Further analysis indicated that the main contributor to the decline in 25(OH)D levels is linked to PM 2.5-10 exposure (OR: 0.840, 95%CI: 0.751–0.940) and PM 2.5 absorbance (OR: 0.875, 95%CI: 0.824–0.929). No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy existed. The MR results suggest that PM (PM 10 , PM 2.5-10 and PM 2.5 absorbance) exposure lowers vitamin D (VD) levels, but PM2.5 was not found to have a significant effect on VD in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to calculate the time in the sun necessary to maintain existing 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration at locations across Australia and New Zealand. We used a microsimulation model to estimate changes in monthly 25(OH)D concentration using data on standard erythemal dose, solar zenith angle, and climatological ozone. We estimated the number of standard vitamin D doses per 10‐min interval and used a dose‐response equation to determine the average time in the sun to maintain existing 25(OH)D concentration according to month and time of day. Across all locations in summer, 5–10 min outdoors between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. on most days of the week, with 35% of the body surface area exposed, is sufficient to maintain existing 25(OH)D concentration. In winter, at mid‐to‐high latitudes, time outdoors during the middle of the day is required. In winter, with 10% of the body surface area exposed, greater than 45 min in the middle of the day is required in most locations to maintain existing 25(OH)D concentration. These data can be used to inform guidelines regarding maintaining vitamin D via sun exposure and may help health practitioners identify patients who may be vitamin D deficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a serious depression that develops in the first year, with unknown explained reasons. Many studies evaluated the impact of Vitamin D (VD) levels on depression during pregnancy and postnatal. This narrative review aims to review any association between serum VD levels during pregnancy and the development of PPD. Materials and Methods: PPD data from published trials and research articles (period from 2012 to 2022) were assessed through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the following terms: Depression, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH VD), vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and postpartum (PP). Articles were selected manually and with careful tracking to avoid duplication. Articles that investigated any association between VD levels during pregnancy and PPD in the time frame were included in the study, while articles investigating VD levels of PP without depression were excluded. Results: In this narrative review, five out of seven studies showed an association between PPD and VDD during pregnancy. Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES D) enrolled among different studies from 3 days to 1 year PP to assess PPD. Conclusions: Pregnant women with VDD are significantly associated with PPD. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the association between VDD with PPD. Screening VD levels among pre-postnatal mothers may be essential for awareness programs that can be implemented to promote remission of postnatal depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]