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The article is important because the problem of emotional burnout is particularly actual one for health professionals in Ukraine and around the world at the moment. The medical staffs of medical departments are exposed to excessive stress on a daily basis in the course of their professional activities due to constant and direct contact with patients who need urgent care or are in a critical psychological state. These circumstances in most cases cause negative emotions, excessive mental stress and physical fatigue. The article purpose was to study of the syndrome of “emotional burnout” and the peculiarities of its manifestation in health professionals depending on gender. The conducted empirical study was devoted to the psychological manifestations of medical workers’ emotional burnout among (depending on genders); it was organised in 2020. The special socio-psychological study included 60 medical workers (30 women-nurses and 30 male doctors) with 5 or more years of experience working in medical institutions in Kyiv. The following psychological techniques were used in the empirical study: V.V. Boyko’s method determining the level of "emotional burnout"; J. Greenberg’s method studying burnout; Maslach Burnout Inventory for “person – person” professions; S.A. Budassi’s method for self-assessment; Cattell 16PF Questionnaire. The study results allowed us to draw the following conclusions. Analyzing the link between gender and emotional burnout, we should say that women in a stressful situation are more prone to psychosomatic and psychovegetative disorders, and men are prone to personal alienation (depersonalization). In addition, women’s syndrome is manifested not only through “resistance” symptoms - inadequate selective emotional response and reduction of professional responsibilities, but also through experienced traumatic circumstances - a symptom of the "stress" phase, while men’s emotional burnout unfolds only via the “resistance” symptoms. Prospects for further research: to consider the problem of burnout factors appeared at medical workers’ professional path in a new perspective. Based on the obtained results, we can say that many of the studied health professionals needed specialized psychological care to overcome the emotional burnout syndrome.

Aims: The study was conducted to examine the personality profile of prisoners in the Yasooj Central Penitentiary (YCP) according to Cattell's 16 Personality Factors (PFs) Model. Settings and Design: In doing so, 50 prisoners were selected from among all 20–35-year-old male prisoners at YCP. Moreover, 50 people were selected from the nonprison community to match with the prisoner group. Subjects and Methods: In a causal–comparative study, both groups were matched and were evaluated using two questionnaires: demographic information and Cattell's 16-PF questionnaires. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical method used to predict the distinguishing personality traits of the two groups, prisoners and nonprisoners, was discriminant analysis. Results: The results indicated that from among Cattell's 16 factors, only 7 factors in the two groups were discriminant and predicting crime: Conservative, sober, expedient, self-control, imaginative, reserved, and tough mindedness. Conclusions: According to the results, 16 main factors of personality have the ability to predict crime.

Aim: The study aims to identify significant personality predictors of selfie-taking behavior among college and school-going students. Methods: The sample size consists of 50 boys and 50 girls (n = 100) between the age range of 16–23 years from various schools and colleges of Delhi NCR. The tools used in the study were Cattell's 16 Personality Factors and Selfitis Behavior Scale. Results: The results of the study depicted a positive correlation of selfitis behavior with perfectionism and sensitivity. However, self-reliance, reasoning, and emotional stability showed a negative correlation with selfitis behavior. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that girls have more selfitis behavior as compared to boys and the college group have more selfitis behavior than that of the school group. ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze data. Conclusion: Social media is the strongest tool of communication nowadays. “Selfies” are a growing social networking technique for self-disclosure. Use of social media is focusing on the physical aspect and allowing posting and amending pictures that are creating concerns about body image, poor self-esteem, loneliness, and depression among students. The overall results suggest that while selfies provide individuals with the potential of enhancing self-disclosure, they also demonstrate some risky and unhealthy behaviors. Therefore, predicting personality traits could be considered an effective variable to sensitize them before the deterioration of their mental health.

Objective: Physiognomy has over 3000 years of history in China, where the belief that personality can be discerned through physiognomy is widespread. However, it hasn’t been fully verified by scientific research. Through experiments, this paper explores the relationship between face shape and corresponding personality in physiognomy, and how face shape affects people’s judgment of personality. Method: According to the eight face shapes theory of physiognomy, 10 trained laboratory assistants have selected 64 typical faces through 3816 pieces of ID photos following a designated procedure, and tested the selected 64 persons’ scores of Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test. Eight more ID photos have been randomly selected, and each one has been modified by Image Processing Technology into eight face shapes, keeping other facial features same to ensure that the only variable is face shape, and ultimately obtained 64 artificial faces. 949 undergraduates, as participants, have visually judged these 128 faces in a laboratory by using E-prime 2.0 and 16PF Rating Scale. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference of tested sixteen personality traits among eight typical faces. Through a post-hoc test, some face shapes are perceived to have certain significant differences in some personality traits than a certain face shape. For example, on factor Q2 of 16PF, a heart-shaped face (M = 2.625*) is significantly lower than a diamond-shaped face (M = 4.375). In contrast, there are various differences among the eight face shapes on people’s visual judgmental of personality traits. For example, the heart-shaped face (M = 4.01**) is significantly lower than all other face shapes on factor A). By comprising the tested personality traits and perceived personality traits of each face shape, there are significant differences among some personality traits (e.g. diamond face on factor B, t = ?2.847**). Conclusions: Traditional physiognomy theory which explains personality by face shapes can’t be supported by the results. People are affected by the inherent stereotype (such as people with square face look like more right-minded), and tend to make a judgment about people’s personalities according to stereotypes of face shapes. Although their judgments are inconformity with the real personality traits, it indeed influences many people’s judgments on personality. According to this research, if people can tailor their face shape to someone’s preferences by using makeup, it will be easier for them to make a good impression with that person.

Introduction . Stigmatization of mental disorders and discrimination against people with mental disorders remain the most persistent obstacles to improving the quality of life of these people. Stigmatization is the cause of deteriorating health due to untimely access to professional help . People prefer to hide their mental health disorders from others and from themselves. Stigmatization exacerbates the negative feelings of the patient and his family, in particular, the fear of social relationships due to fear of disclosure of secrets, fear of being ridiculed, fear of social exclusion, guilt. Purpose . The aim of the study is to identify the tendency of student psychologists to stigmatize people with mental disorders and to find its correlations with the psychological features of young people. Methods . Psychodiagnostic methods used in the study : Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 16PF (R. B. Cattell); Рersonality self-esteem ( Н. Kazantseva ); State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STA (C. Spielberger); Level of reflexivity scale (А. Karpov ) , Tolerance of ambiguity scale (S. Budner) ; The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality (T. Leary) . An author's questionnaire was developed to identify the features of stigmatization . Originality . The study of the specifics of stigmatization of mental pathology by students-psychologists will allow specialists of psychological services to develop and implement effective programs to prevent and overcome this problem. Conclusion . Increased trait- anxiety does not correlate with a change in perceptions of mentally ill people. T rait - anxiety increases with decreasing self-esteem . As tolerance of ambiguity decreases, the negative perception of people with mental disorders increases. It is known that the experience of uncertainty, incomprehensibility of the situation causes an increase in reactive anxiety, which is difficult to regulate because it is intense, and the sources of its occurrence are often beyond human consciousness. To avoid or reduce such anxiety a person needs to quickly navigate the situation, name, define, predict . In such In such situations, a person tends to think stereotypically, because it is a fast and economical way to predict events. With the increase of reflection for students of psychology, the importance of scientific information about mental pathology increases. With the increase in the level of reflection of psychology students, they tend to rely on scientific information about mental pathology. This may indirectly indicate a reduction in stigma A correct understanding of the causes of mental pathology, symptomatology, ways of helping and ways of establishing communication with persons who have mental disorders, reduces fear, promote to unconditional acceptance of another person. The above is an important competence of a psychologist

Введение. Проблема изучения личностных особенностей женщин, способствующих их успешной самореализации как субъекта сексуального поведения, сегодня особенно актуальна. В русле тенденции к снижению половой сегрегации женщины должны быть довольны смягчением норм, ограничивающих проявление их сексуальности, однако на практике наблюдается рост числа женщин, обращающихся по поводу сексуальных проблем. Новизна представленного исследования состоит в фокусировании исследовательского интереса непосредственно на выборке женщин с негативными сексуальными установками с целью изучения у них специфических личностных особенностей. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 152 женщины (клиентки кризисных и консультационных центров г. Иркутска). Отношение женщин к сексу изучалось с помощью «Опросника установок к сексу» Г. Айзенка. Для составления личностных профилей женщин с разными установками в сфере секса использовался опросник Р. Кеттелла (форма С). Достоверность различий оценивалась с помощью критерия Фишера. Результаты. Выделено шесть групп женщин, имеющих позитивное и негативное отношение к различным аспектам сексуальной сферы, у 15,38 % испытуемых выявлено отвращение к сексу. Выявлены достоверные отличия женщин с негативными и позитивными установками к физическому сексуальному контакту по фактору «фемининность – маскулинность». Данный фактор отвечает за выраженность в поведении женщины традиционного женского сексуального поведения, следование жестким моральным нормам, что согласуется с низкими баллами по шкалам теста Айзенка («дозволенность», «обезличенный секс», «сексуальная возбудимость» и «сексуальное либидо»). Обсуждение результатов. Выявлено, что среди женщин с негативными установками в сфере секса преобладают традиционные фемининные взгляды на сексуальность, сохранению брачных уз, а также нетерпимое отношение ко всему постыдному. В личностных профилях женщин с негативными установками в сфере секса преобладают ригидность мышления, высокая нормативность поведения, подчиненность, застенчивость, сдержанность в проявлении эмоций, поглощенность внутренними иллюзиями.

One of the greatest predictors of happiness is the satisfaction with interpersonal relationships. The basis of development of interpersonal relationships is trust. At the same time, trust is preconditioned by history and culture and has national characteristics. In Russia during the 1990s the social psychological phenomenon «trust deficit» of the population was formed, that was manifested in every sphere of life. Today the generation that grew up in that atmosphere of «trust deficit» has reached the college-student age. In this article the results of the study of correlation of happiness and self-trust, trust to other people and to the world, and with such personal characteristic as gullibility are presented. A hundred students (23 male and 77 female) aged 18 to 22 took part in the study. The following diagnostic tools were used: «Update Oxford happiness questionnaire»; «Cattel 16PF questionnaire (factor L «Vigilance»)»; A.B. Kupreichenko method «Study of trustiness/untrustiness of a person towards the world, the people, themselves»; A.B Kupreichenko method «Measure of trustiness/untrustiness of a person towards other people». The study revealed significant positive correlation of happiness and self-trust, with such personal characteristic as gullibility, and negative correlation with the trust towards the world. The students who are more self-reliant, who rely on their own resources and don’t rely on the help from the outside world appear to be happier.

Purpose. The investigation of the Internet dependent teenagers’ interaction was aimed at verifying how the Internet dependence affects the character of Internet addicted and Internet-independent teens’ interpersonal relationships. Presupposition that the Internet-dependence in some way affects the nature of interpersonal interaction in adolescence was chosen as a conceptual hypothesis. According to empirical hypotheses, the character of interpersonal interaction of Internet addicted teens is determined with: the differences in forms and directions of personal interaction, which differ in the terms of aggression and self-control, and are predominantly dependent and subordinate for the Internet dependent teenagers; differences in the indicators of mental states manifestations (anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity), which are higher for the Internet-dependent adolescents; the connection between the level of Internet dependence and indicators of some teenagers’ personality characteristics . Methods. The following methods were chosen for the empirical research: The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Kimberly Young, The Test of the Internet Dependence by S.A. Kulakov, Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality by T. Leary, Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test, Method of self-assessment of mental states by H. Eysenck. Results. The study involved adolescents aged 13 to 15 in the amount of 84 students, among whom 60 were selected from the pilot sample (30 with high and 30 with low levels of Internet dependency). After checking the data for the normality of distribution, the Mann-Whitney criterion was chosen for the comparative analysis, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for the correlation analysis. The obtained results have given the opportunity to confirm the empirical hypotheses as follows: it has been proved that the ordinary Internet users choose an altruistic style, while the Internet-dependent tend to subordinate and dependent type of interpersonal interaction; statistically significant differences between the indicators of manifestations of mental states (anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity) have been found, and they are higher for the Internet-dependent adolescents; the correlation between the level of the Internet-dependence and indices of anxiety, impulsivity and practicality has been set up. Conclusions. These facts – the differences in forms and directions of personal interaction, differences in the indicators of mental states manifestations and the connection between the level of Internet dependence and indicators of some teenagers’ personality characteristics determine the specifics of the Internet addicted teenagers’ interpersonal interaction.

Three hundred and sixty-two participants completed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the General Decision-Making Styles Inventory, together with a survey considering investment perceptions and decisions. The results showed that anxious people tended to save money and avoid investments, perceiving high risks and low control and returns, whereas individuals with high Extroversion, Independence and Self-Control were more likely to make investments. Finally, rational and avoidant decision-making styles mediated, respectively, the influence of Self-Control and Anxiety on the decision to invest. These findings extend the knowledge of the relationship between individual differences in personality and decisional styles and investment perceptions and decisions.

Communication represents an essential skill in nurse managers’ performance of everyday activities to ensure a good coordination of the team, since it focuses on the transmission of information in an understandable way. At the same time, anxiety is an emotion that can be caused by demanding and stressful work environments, such as those of nurse managers. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of anxiety management on nurse managers’ communication skills. The sample comprised 90 nursing supervisors from hospitals in Madrid, Spain, 77.8% were women, and 22.2% were men, with an average of 10.9 years of experience as nursing supervisors. The instruments used for analysis were the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire: version five (16PF5) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires, validated for the Spanish population. The results showed that emotional stability was negatively affected by anxiety (r = −0.43, p = 0.001), while apprehension was positively affected (r = 0.382, p = 0.000). Nursing supervisors, as managers, were found to possess a series of personality factors and skills to manage stress and communication situations that prevent them from being influenced by social pressure and the opinion of others.

To study the dynamics of personality features and features of self-release in drug addicts.We examined 10 drug-dependent patients with whom psycho-correctional work was carried out, 10 drug-dependent patients with whom correctional work was not carried out, and 20 healthy young people. All participants were men aged 20 to 24 years. Personality characteristics were determined by Cattell's 16PF questionnaire and a set of psychological tests. Correction work was carried out by a psychologist (7 sessions, one hour each). In these cases, the patients were examined before and after psychocorrectional intervention.The high levels of sociability, self-esteem and expressiveness combined with low intelligence were identified in drug addicts compared with healthy people. Drug addicts are willing to accept themselves and are interested in their own personality.This study is of practical importance and can be used as a material for dealing with people with addictive behavior.Изучение динамики личностных особенностей и показателей самосознания и самооценки у наркозависимых.Обследовали 10 наркозависимых пациентов, с которыми была проведена психокоррекционная работа, 10 наркозависимых больных, с которыми коррекционная работа не проводилась, и 20 здоровых молодых людей. Все обследованные — мужчины в возрасте от 20 до 24 лет. Личностные особенности определяли по 16-факторному опроснику Р. Кеттелла и комплексу психологических тестов. Коррекционная работа проводилась псхологом (7 сеансов по 1 ч). В этих случаях обследование больных осуществлялось до и после психокоррекционного вмешательства.В отличие от здоровых у пациентов с наркозависимостью был выявлен более высокий уровень самооценки, общительности и экспрессивности в сочетании с более низким интеллектом. В процессе психокоррекционного воздействия у больных с наркозависимостью выявлено увеличение показателей нормативности поведения и появление более аднекватной самооценки в аспекте социального Я, коммуникативного Я и перспективного Я. Данное исследование имеет практическую значимость и может быть использовано в качестве материала для работы с лицами, которым свойственно аддиктивное поведение.

La personalidad ha sido objeto de estudio y el abordaje más socorrito a través del uso de pruebas psicológicas debido a sus importantes aportaciones a la comprensión de las diferencias individuales, factores tales como las formas de afrontamiento, el rendimiento académico, la actitud cognitiva y el desempeño profesional son integrantes de la personalidad y al mismo tiempo son elementos que la reflejan. En estudios previos, se ha reportado la presencia de factores psicológicos característicos en alumnos de psicología, mismos que tienen un valor predictivo en su comportamiento. Objetivo: Describir los factores de personalidad asociados a los estudiantes en la carrera de psicología. Método: Participaron en el estudio un total de 141 estudiantes (88 mujeres) de los 8 semestres de la carrera de psicología en una universidad pública del occidente de México. Se utilizó la prueba de 16 factores de personalidad (16FP) y se compararon los perfiles promedio resultantes contra los valores poblacionales de referencia, por género, demás, entre los primeros semestres y los últimos. Resultados: Se identificó la presencia de factores de personalidad distintivos de los alumnos de psicología, además, pudieron observarse diferencias significativas por sexo y cohorte generacional. Conclusiones: La presencia de factores de la personalidad relacionados a las normas sociales y la inestabilidad afectiva son comunes en estudiantes de psicología.

This case study describes a transactional analysis model based on the strain of a single mother with an adult son suffering from bipolar I disorder. The study examines interaction patterns within the clinical setting; the therapeutic view examines contextual factors that affect this mother and her adult son through assessment and recovery with transactional analysis therapy. The 16-session therapeutic experience of a client and his mother is presented. The subjects in the case study were administered the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) assessment tool during the second and 16th sessions. There was a significant change from pretest to posttest stens scores regarding increased scores in emotional stability from 2 (extremely low) to 4 (average), rule consciousness from 1 (extremely low) to 3 (moderately low), openness to change from 6 (average) to 8 (moderately high), and self-control from 1 (extremely low) to 4 (average). Decreased scores included apprehension from 9 (extremely high) to 7 (average) and tension from 6 (average) to 3 (moderately low). Behavioral changes after a 1-month follow-up included taking the bus to sign up for a college class, taking his medication as prescribed, getting a part-time job in the kitchen at the Veteran Administration Medical Center, and developing a budget to manage his disability check.

This study aims to determine how the dimensions of Draw A Person test (DAP) is able to uncover traits from the 16 PF test (The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire). Data from 200 subject who filled the DAP and 16 PF tests were processed and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and regression. From the analysis of factor analysis to people's image expression data, we obtained 8 sets of factors, namely Factor I - VIII from DAP. From the regression test between Factor 16 PF and the factor image test of the person, it was found several Factors 16 PF which can be used to predict some expressions of people's images. These factors include Factor Q 3 which is able to predict Factor VII and Factor Q 4 that is able to predict Factor I.

Introduction. The paper presents the results of the study of interrelation between personal ego-competence (synonymous to self-competence) and the ability to understand another person in adolescence. The novelty of the research lies in its complex approach to studying the association of personal ego-competence with the following parameters of communicative abilities: personal communicative potential of the subject of cognition, understanding of another person’s state by his/her nonverbal behavior, accuracy of predicting the development of an interpersonal communication situation, and self-rating of the ability to understand others. The paper investigates the levels of communicative development of young boys and girls with high and low indices of personal ego-competence, where the study participants are considered to be the subjects of interpersonal cognition. Methods. The study used the following diagnostic tools developed by V. N. Kunitsyna: (a) the Parables test; (b) the Communicative and Social Competence survey (COSCOM); (c) the technique for revealing Stability, Tolerance, and Altruism in interpersonal relations and other personality traits (STAL); (d) the survey for identifying Self-regulation and Success of Interpersonal Communication (SSIC); (e) and the Self-Appraisal test. The study also employed the Expression test, a modified version of the Expression Grouping subtest in Six Factor Test of Social Intelligence by J. Guilford and M. Sullivan, and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Students from Magnitogorsk State Technical University (n = 125) formed the study sample. Results. The results indicate that the parameters of personal ego-competence in adolescence have positive associations with the personal communicative potential and self-rating of the ability to understand others. No statistically significant associations were found between ego-competence and either understanding of another person’s state by his/her nonverbal behavior, or accuracy of predicting the development of an interpersonal communication situation. Discussion. The findings of the study suggest that adolescents’ ego-competence has ambiguous associations with particular components of the ability to understand others. Ego-competence is associated with respondents’ high estimates of their ability to understand others, but is not always accompanied by success in understanding of another person’s state by his/her nonverbal behavior and the accuracy of predicting the development of an interpersonal communication situation. Highlights Adolescents’ ego-competence is directly associated with a high level of self-rating of understanding others, but has no clear association with understanding non-verbal behaviour and with the accuracy of predicting the development of an interpersonal communication situation. Ego-competent young boys and girls are characterized by a high level of personal communicative potential. Personality traits have both general and specific associations with particular components of the ability to understand other people, which depend on the level of personal ego-competence.

Considering Cattell's thesis, it is possible to affirm that the personality allows a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation, while the traits are the personality units with predictive value: what a person will do when faced with a given situation; they are abstract concepts, useful tools for predictive purposes, but not necessarily correspond to a specific physical reality. Within the process of Integral Vocational Training of SENA various extrinsic and intrinsic personality factors intervene and, to a certain extent, influence the different learning styles of each individual when facing the training itself. For the present investigation, we intend to analyze the intrinsic factors of personality, through the Cattell 16PF Personality Factorial Questionnaire, which allowed the analysis of 16 personality factors that influence human behavior and, therefore, learning.

The paper analyzes the concepts of personality profiles and demonstrates the possibility of applying this approach to comparatively assessing the psychological characteristics of patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH). It sets forth the fundamentals of the concepts by F. Alexander, H.F. Dunbar, M. Friedman, and R. Rosenman, which emphasize the importance of emotional, personal, and behavioral factors for the etiology and pathogenesis of EAH and analyzes in detail the psychological study of the characteristics of the so-called type D (distressed) personality that is characterized by a combination of the predominance of negative emotions, social isolation, and inability to regulate these factors. The authors present the results of their own empirical study of personal characteristics (through the Cattel's 16 personality factors questionnaire) in patients with office hypertension (OH) versus those with classical EAH and healthy individuals. OH patients are shown to be significantly less sociable, less emotionally stable, more overwrought and shy, and more prone to self-control and feelings of guilt. The experimental psychological study (by simulating of emotional stress and by using the modified variant of the procedure developed by S. Rosenzweig to examine frustration reactions) has revealed that the patients with OH tend to experience the most intense negative sthenic emotions and they significantly more frequently resort to repression of these emotions. The findings prove that the EAH group is e heterogeneous and confirm the assumption that OH patients show negative affectivity and lower social activity.

The Big Five personality traits and self-efficacy independently relate to a multitude of outcomes across domains of functioning. Yet, only a small number of studies examined these variables together as part of the same conceptual model, and findings are mixed. We revisit their joint relationships, and test three conceptual models of influence on academic performance of college students over a semester. Because of the key role college graduates will play in society, many have a stake in better understanding their performance. The trait model specifies that the Big Five traits influence performance directly and indirectly through partial mediation of self-efficacy. In the independent model, the Big Five traits influence self-efficacy and performance independently, without mediation of self-efficacy. In the intrapersonal model, the effects of the Big Five traits on performance are fully mediated by self-efficacy. We collected data in five samples, three Universities, and two countries, N = 875, and conducted a meta-analytic path-analysis. Self-efficacy positively related to academic performance across the models, conscientiousness and emotional stability were predictive of self-efficacy and performance in some analyses, and the significance of the other three traits was fleeting.

The DSM-5 presents an Alternative Model for Personality Disorder (AMPD) recommending the assessment of impairments in core personality functions as well as clinically relevant personality traits. Although a self-report assessment instrument has been provided corresponding to the trait model proposed in the AMPD, no comparable instrument provides a direct assessment of the specific indicators of core personality functions described in that model. The goal of this paper is to provide preliminary reliability and validity data for a measure that directly corresponds to core personality pathology as operationalized in the AMPD. Self-report questions were generated to capture each diagnostic indicator provided in the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, a clinician rating guide provided in the AMPD that describes characteristic impairments in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy at 5 different levels of personality functioning. These questions were administered to a community sample of 306 participants, with the resulting scale examined for internal consistency, unidimensionality, and concurrent validity with 4 other self-report measures of global personality dysfunction. Items representing the 4 subcomponents of personality dysfunction were found to manifest high degrees of internal consistency, and were highly related to each other, supporting the AMPD contention that these core dysfunctions reflect a single dimension of personality dysfunction. Correlations with concurrent validity measures were large, with associations at the global level of dysfunction often exceeding .80. The developed instrument is reprinted in the supplementary materials, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators as part of the call for additional research on the AMPD. (PsycINFO Database Record

The current study adopted McAdams’ multilayer framework as the basis to develop a psychological portrait of an elite athlete who was identified as being particularly ‘mentally tough’. The aim was to use this single case as an exemplar to demonstrate the utility of McAdams’ framework for understanding the complexity of sport performers across three domains of personality: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, and narrative identity. We operationalised these domains through the development of specific research questions and, subsequently, the collection and integration of the participant's Big Five traits, personal strivings, coping strategies, and response to a life story interview. The results offered a comprehensive insight into the nature of one athlete's personality that, in turn, informed conceptual perspectives of mental toughness in sport psychology literature and qualitatively supported emerging evidence of the validity of a three–layer framework in personality psychology. Specifically, the study's design showed how a holistic approach to personality analysis can lead to a more complete psychological representation of competitors in sport, and people generally. It demonstrated how motivational, sociocultural, and meaning–making aspects of personality can complement a trait profile to achieving a satisfying assessment of the whole person. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

The Big Five framework examines five factors that represent a description of human personality. These factors correlate with success measures and job satisfaction. The Big Five Inventory is a 44-item instrument designed to measure the Big Five framework. Our aim was to document the distribution of Big Five personality traits among Pediatric Surgery fellowship applicants, compare with community norms, surgical residents, between genders, and correlate to the fellowship match results.Forty Pediatric Surgery fellowship applicants at a university hospital completed the Big Five Inventory during the interview process. It was analyzed and compared with general surgery residents' results and community norms. The data were compared regarding gender and match results. Continuous variables were compared by unpaired t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. A P value0.05 was considered significant.The 40 applicants were equally divided between male and female. When compared with general surgery residents and community norms, applicants of both genders scored higher on agreeableness (P 0.01), conscientiousness (P 0.01), and emotional stability (P 0.01). Applicants scored higher on openness when compared with surgical residents (P 0.01). Male applicants scored higher on emotional stability than females (P = 0.026). Matched applicants scored higher for conscientiousness than unmatched applicants (P = 0.016).Pediatric Surgery fellowship applicants expressed higher levels of desirable professional traits compared with general surgery residents and community norms. Male applicants demonstrated higher emotional stability than females. Conscientiousness was higher in matching applicants. This first reported experience with personality testing in Pediatric Surgery fellow selection demonstrated potential utility in applicant matching.

As landscape plays a crucial role in people’s lives, it is of great importance that landscape is designed based on people’s interest. Therefore, identification of the landscapes that people prefer and the factors that influence their perception are imperative. This research attempts to investigate the contribution of personality characteristics towards students’ landscape perception in Isfahan, Iran. In this aspect, students’ characteristics of extroversion/ introversion, intelligence, and creativity were measured by using Cattell’s 16PF Questionnaire. Also, the respondents were asked to express their feeling of satisfaction and happiness towards six common landscape types of Iran, by rating 30 images of mountainous, urban, forest, desert, water, and farmland landscapes. The results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient indicated that extroverted students have a greater feeling for both mountainous and urban landscapes than introverts. Also, less creative students preferred mountainous, urban, and farmland landscapes. Moreover, perception for farmland landscape was negatively correlated with intelligence among students.

Personality traits analysis has been an active area of research in information systems and its cognate disciplines. However, there are multiple challenges faced by questionnaire-based measurement of personality traits including low response rate and limited access to the individuals. This research paper presents a social media-based approach to determine the Big-Five personality traits of different groups of celebrities. First, authors collected the Twitter posts of celebrities in different professions and used IBM’s Watson Personality Insights tool to determine the personalities of these celebrities. Next, with the help of statistical analysis and visualization techniques, authors determined the personality pattern within and across the group of celebrities. The results demonstrate that there is significant difference across groups of celebrities on three of the Big-Five personality traits—Openness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion. However, there is no significant difference among the celebrity groups on the Conscientiousness and Neuroticism trait.

Background and Objectives Driving while intoxicated (DWI) represents an area of grave concern in China, yet little research has focused on it or on the personality traits and psychiatric disorders among these drivers. Methods We enrolled 325 of 382 residents charged with DWI in a compulsory detention center in Beijing, China. And 351 male drivers who had never had any alcohol arrests as control participants. All were screened for Axis I disorders using the Chinese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR (SCID), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Results The subjects were all males with a mean (±SD) age of 34.41 ± 8.48 years, and almost 30% met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence (n = 92). Compared to normal controls they showed greater Social Boldness, Abstractedness, Apprehension, Liveliness and Tension, and poorer Reasoning, Vigilance, Openness to Change, and Self-reliance. On the MMPI-2, DWI subjects showed greater Hypochondriasis, Psychopathic Deviate, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia and Hypomania; and lower Social introversion. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Severe alcohol problems are more common in Beijing's drunk drivers than in the Chinese general population. These DWI drivers also have a broad variety of traits that increase their tendency to be venturesome and socially bold while enjoying excitement and risk-taking. (Am J Addict 2017;XX:1–5)

Previous research has long advocated that emotional and behavioral disorders are related to general personality traits, such as the Five Factor Model (FFM). The addition of section III in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) recommends that extremity in personality traits together with maladaptive interpersonal functioning, such as lack of empathy, are used for identifying psychopathology and particularly personality disorders (PD). The objective of the present study was to measure dispositions for DSM categories based on normal personality continuums, and to conceptualize these with empathy traits. We used a validated FFM-count method based on the five personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), and related these to 4 empathy traits (emphatic concern, perspective-taking, fantasy, and personal distress). The results showed that FFM-based PD scores overall could be conceptualized using only two of the empathy traits, low...

The current study analyzed the role of ‘Big Five’ personality traits and non-verbal intelligence in the individual differences in academic achievement of high school students. The study involved 300 Russian high school students, including 148 girls and 152 boys (aged from 14.50 to 17.75 years). We analyzed the structure of the relationships between intelligence, personality traits and academic success using structural equation modeling. It was shown that Extraversion was negatively related to non-verbal intelligence whereas Openness to experience was positively related to it. In turn, non-verbal intelligence was associated with academic achievement. Conscientiousness was the only ‘Big Five’ trait which contributed to individual differences in academic achievement independent of the level of non-verbal intelligence.

A growing body of research suggests that the same general dimensions can describe normal and pathological personality, but most of the supporting evidence is exploratory. We aim to determine in a confirmatory framework the extent to which responses on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) are identical across general and clinical samples. We tested the Dutch brief form of the MPQ (MPQ-BF-NL) for measurement invariance across a general population subsample (N = 365) and a clinical sample (N = 365), using Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) and Multiple Group Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (MGESEM). As an omnibus personality test, the MPQ-BF-NL revealed strict invariance, indicating absence of bias. Unidimensional per scale tests for measurement invariance revealed that 10% of items appeared to contain bias across samples. Item bias only affected the scale interpretation of Achievement, with individuals from the clinical sample more readily admitting to put high demands on themselves than individuals from the general sample, regardless of trait level. This formal test of equivalence provides strong evidence for the common structure of normal and pathological personality and lends further support to the clinical utility of the MPQ. (PsycINFO Database Record

Critical care staff are frequently required to respond to stressful scenarios. The way staff counter organisational challenge may be influenced by their underlying personality type, preferred style of cognitive processing and previous clinical experience. Our objective was to explore the personality types of a sample of critical care workers, and the potential relationship of this with cognitive processing. This was achieved through a qualitative interview study in which participants were presented with difficult but realistic scenarios pertaining to staffing. Data on individual's personality were captured using the '16 Personality Factor' assessment, a tool that produces scores for 16 different elements of an individual's personality. The existence of perfectionist and pragmatic cognitive processing styles were identified as one theme emerging from a prior analysis of these interview transcripts. We aimed to validate this, explore our ability to categorise individuals into groups based upon their cognitive processing. We identified that some individuals strongly tended to either a perfectionist or pragmatic style of cognitive processing for the majority of their decisions; however most adapted their style of processing according to the nature of the decision. Overall participants generally demonstrated average scores for all 16 personality factors tested. However, we observed that some factors tended to higher scores than others, indicating a pattern within the personalities of our sample cohort. Whilst a small sample size, our data suggests that individuals working within the same critical care environment may have clear differences in their approach to problem solving as a consequence of both their personality type and preferred style of cognitive processing. Thus there may be individuals within this environment who would benefit from increased support to minimise their risk of cognitive dissonance and stress in times of challenge.

En psicología es común la medición de la personalidad en el ámbito clínico, educativo y organizacional para la descripción de rasgos de personalidad y toma de decisiones. Sin embargo, en pocas ocasiones se tiene certeza de confiabilidad y validez de los instrumentos utilizados. En el presente ensayo se describen dos ejemplos de investigación; uno con estudiantes de psicología y otro con trabajadores del sector comercio. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos populares para la medición de la personalidad; el Cuestionario 16 Factores de Personalidad (16-FP) y el Inventario NEO-FFI. Los resultados indicaron que son pocos los estudios sobre las propiedades psicométricas del 16-FP. No obstante, son frecuentes las publicaciones que relacionan rasgos de personalidad con competencias profesionales. Respecto al NEO-FFI se encontró que es frecuente su uso para vincular los Cinco Grandes con diversos constructos entre éstos la satisfacción laboral. Los datos no permitieron análisis de correlación entre dichas variables dado que el NEO-FFI carece de los criterios mínimos para considerarse confiable. Se concluye con una invitación a realizar revisiones exhaustivas de la literatura para la medición de fenómenos psicológicos, proponer nuevas medidas para la evaluación de la personalidad y guiar la labor del psicólogo desde los principios éticos.

The personality description has been considered to be an important part of the electronic medical records (EMRs) for depression in-patients. However, the personality description of a patient is usually provided by a family member of the patient when he or she is admitted to the hospital. Because of non-professional background of those family members, personality descriptions in EMRS have various problems such as non-standard description, confusion between personality and behavior, and others. In this paper, we propose an approach to dealing with non-standard description of personality for depression patients by introducing a semantic relevance measure of personality. Furthermore, we make a mapping of those personality description items into the personality items in the well-known personality model of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). We find some interesting observations on the connection between existing personality description in EMRs and the personality items in the 16PF model, and suggest possible improvement of the personality description in EMRs for depression patients.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits, stress, emotional intelligence, and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective case-control study included 57 patients with acute CSCR and 57 age- and sex-matched controls with refractive errors. Inclusion criteria for CSCR group were acute unilateral onset of visual disturbances within 2 weeks until the first visit to the ophthalmologist and ophthalmoscopic finding of a round or oval macular detachment confirmed by optical coherence tomography as a dome-shaped serous neuroretinal elevation. RESULTS Using the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), patients with CSCR achieved slightly higher scores on primary characteristics such as warmth (P=0.612) and perfectionism (P=0.137) when compared to the control subjects. Mean scores measured with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) were significantly higher in patients with CSCR (P=0.004), which means that these patients had notably elevated average reactivity to stressful life events. In addition, the number of patients with a high stress level was higher in the CSCR group than in the control group. Considering the level of emotional intelligence measured with the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), patients with CSCR achieved significantly lower scores on well-being (P=0.003) and sociability (P=0.011) factors, as well as on total score (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS A higher level of perceived stress is the most important psychological risk factor for CSCR. According to our results, a low level of emotional intelligence may be an additional factor that contributes to the occurrence of CSCR.

The role of personality constructs on mental health has attracted research attention in the last few decades. The Big Five personality traits have been introduced as parsimonious dimensions of non-pathological traits. The five-factor model of personality includes neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between the Big Five dimensions and mental health considering the mediating role of alexithymia as an important emotional-processing construct. A total of 257 participants were recruited from non-clinical settings in the general population. All participants completed the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine the hypothesized mediated model. Findings indicated that the Big Five personality dimensions could significantly predict scores of alexithymia. Moreover, alexithymia could predict mental health scores as measured by indices of depression, anxiety, social functioning, and somatic symptoms. The fit indices (GFI=0.94; CFI=0.91; TLI=0.90; RMSEA=0.071; CMIN/df=2.29) indicated that the model fits the data. Therefore, the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions and mental health is mediated by alexithymia.

The two most prominent individual differences researchers of the twentieth century were Hans J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell. Both were giants of scientific psychology, each publishing scores of books and hundreds of empirical peer-reviewed journal articles. Influenced by Hebb's distinction between physiological (Intelligence A) and experiential (Intelligence B), Eysenck focused on discovering the underlying biological substrata of intelligence. Analogously, Cattell proposed the Gf–Gc theory which distinguishes between fluid and crystallised intelligence. Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT), a measure primarily of fluid intelligence, was constructed specifically to minimise differences in test bias in IQ scores between different ethnic/racial groups. Within the personality realm, Eysenck adopted a pragmatic three-factor model as measured via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and its variants. In contrast, Cattell employed a lexical approach that resulted in a large number of primary and secondary normal and abnormal personality trait dimensions, measured via the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), and the corresponding Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), respectively. Recent molecular genetics findings provide empirical confirmation of Eysenck and Cattell's positions on the biological underpinnings of personality and ability traits, allowing an improved understanding of the causes of individual differences.

This research applies Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) (Cattell & Schuerger, 2003) to compare and contrast personality traits among undergraduate men and women enrolled in business and liberal arts colleges. Specific attention is given to what personality differences exist between accounting as the most popular business major, and that of psychology as the most popular liberal arts major. For added comparison, we further juxtaposed marketing, which contains a combination of consumer psychology and analytical business skills. Analysis of variance among the three majors found the differences in 10 personality factors to be significant and a multivariate analysis of variance determined gender a significant covariate. While this research provides a detailed personality profile unique for each major, stepwise discriminant analysis isolated one personality factor providing a predictive model of 42.8% while gender contributed 5.1% for a predictive psychometric model of 47.9%. This research is unique as it compares personality differences among business majors with a popular nonbusiness major, isolates the impact of gender, and provides a parsimonious predictive model that can be used to identify a compatible fit between personality and gender by college major.

We tested whether the characteristics of a person's personality can be assessed by an automated analysis of the semantic content of a person's written text. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring the so-called Big Five personality traits. They also composed five short essays in which they were asked to describe what they would do and how they would feel in each of five scenarios designed to invoke the creation of narrative relevant to the Big Five personality traits. Participants' essays were processed for content by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA; T. Landauer & S. Dumais, 1997), a model of lexical semantics. We found that LSA could assess individuals on three of the Big Five traits, and we discuss ways to improve such techniques in future work.

Primary Factors and Descriptors in Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Model, Personality Disorders and Homoeopathy Treatment,16pf Personality Test, Counseling, Homoeopathy Treatment, Personality Disorders and Homoeopathy Treatment.

The present study is an effort to develop an e-tailer personality scale. Subsequently, we check the impacts of e-tailer personality on self-congruity and behavioral intentions such as intention to re-shop and intention to recommend. We have followed a traditional scale development method – item generation, purification, and dimension assessment. A structure questionnaire has been used to collect primary data online. A structure equation model was used to analyze the data. This study has developed a e-tailer personality scale of five dimensions: sophistication, competence, excitement, sincerity, and convenience. The results of a structural equation model largely support the propositions that e-tailer personality is positively related to self-congruity. The results also show that e-tailer personality, behavioral intentions and self-congruity are positively related. A comparison of the developed scale with the existing brand personality scales, results in a unique dimension of e-tailer personality sc...

This research is geared towards the evaluation of current and pre-morbid personality traits in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as well as personality changes. The study was conducted with four groups to whom were administered the NEO-FFI, mainly in the form of individual interviews. Two groups for the current personality measurement: AD Group, consisting of 44 female participants (M = 81.36 years of age); and Control Group, consisting of 80 female participants from the population at large (M = 75.84 years of age). Two groups for the pre-morbid personality measurement: AD Group Informants, relatives of the AD participants (n = 40); and Control Group Informants, relatives of the other participants (n = 42). Results are in line with the literature review and provide new research data. Current and pre-morbid personality traits are identified and some are analyzed as accentuations of previously existing characteristics, reflecting a possible continuum. An increase in the Neuroticism and a decrease in the Conscientiousness were confirmed as personality changes. This study suggests that there is stability across the life cycle in the negative expression of Openness to Experience and Agreeableness traits. Interpretation of the data and their implications for Dementia personality research are the object of the discussion.

Abstract. Personality has been found to play an important role in predicting satisfaction in couples. This review presents dyadic research on the association between Big Five traits and both life and relationship satisfaction in couples focusing on self-reported personality, partner-perceived personality (how the partner rates one’s own personality), and personality similarity. Furthermore, special attention is given to possible gender effects. The findings indicate the importance of self-reported as well as partner-perceived reported personality for the satisfaction of both partners. Specifically, the majority of studies found intrapersonal and interpersonal effects for neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on life or relationship satisfaction. For the partner-perceived personality, intrapersonal and interpersonal effects were present for all Big Five traits. Partners’ similarity in personality traits seems not to be related with their satisfaction when controlling for partners’ personality.

Background Which personality facets should a general personality test measure? No consensus exists on the facet structure of personality, the nature of facets, or the correct method of identifying the most significant facets. However, it can be hypothesized (the lexical hypothesis) that high frequency personality describing words more likely represent important personality facets and rarely used words refer to less significant aspects of personality. Participants and procedure A ranking of personality facets was performed by studying the frequency of the use of popular personality adjectives in causal clauses (because he is a kind person) on the Internet and in books as attributes of the word person (kind person). Results In Study 1, the 40 most frequently used adjectives had a cumulative usage frequency equal to that of the rest of the 295 terms studied. When terms with a higher-ranking dictionary synonym or antonym were eliminated, 23 terms remained, which represent 23 different facets. In Study 2, clusters of synonymous terms were examined. Within the top 30 clusters, personality terms were used 855 times compared to 240 for the 70 lower-ranking clusters. Conclusions It is hypothesized that personality facets represented by the top-ranking terms and clusters of terms are important and impactful independent of their correlation with abstract underlying personality factors (five/six factor models). Compared to hierarchical personality models, lists of important facets probably better cover those aspects of personality that are situated between the five or six major domains.

Despite considerable research on personality and well-being, it has overlooked several important constructs. This study tested the associations of the Big Five personality traits with a large array of well-being variables, and it also tested the associations within three primary social roles: student, parent, and employee. Participants completed online surveys that assessed the participants’ Big Five personality traits and well-being (Study 1 sampled 507 college students and Study 2 sampled 227 North Americans in middle adulthood). The results showed that neuroticism was the strongest predictor for most of the well-being variables. The results also showed that the second strongest predictor of well-being was conscientiousness among students (Study 1) and among employees (Study 2), whereas agreeableness was the second strongest predictor of well-being among parents (Study 2). Implications for the Five Factor Model of personality and Person-Environment Fit theory are discussed.

Certain clinical traits (e.g., ruminative response style, self-criticism, perfectionism, anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and thought suppression) increase the risk for and chronicity of emotional disorders. Similar to traditional personality traits, they are considered dispositional and typically show high temporal stability. Because the personality and clinical-traits literatures evolved largely independently, connections between them are not fully understood. We sought to map the interface between a widely studied set of clinical and personality traits. Two samples (N = 385 undergraduates; N = 188 psychiatric outpatients) completed measures of personality traits, clinical traits, and an interview-based assessment of emotional-disorder symptoms. First, the joint factor structure of these traits was examined in each sample. Second, structural equation modeling was used to clarify the effects of clinical traits in the prediction of clinical symptoms beyond negative temperament. Third, the incremental validity of clinical traits beyond a more comprehensive set of higher-order and lower-order personality traits was examined using hierarchical regression. Clinical and personality traits were highly correlated and jointly defined a 3-factor structure-Negative Temperament, Positive Temperament, and Disinhibition-in both samples, with all clinical traits loading on the Negative Temperament factor. Clinical traits showed modest but significant incremental validity in explaining symptoms after accounting for personality traits. These data indicate that clinical traits relevant to emotional disorders fit well within the traditional personality framework and offer some unique contributions to the prediction of psychopathology, but it is important to distinguish their effects from negative temperament/neuroticism. (PsycINFO Database Record

The archetype of the personality is studied from the position of the culturological analysis, but its psychological component is not investigated. It should be noted that the archetype is capable to predetermine the behavior of the person; therefore, researching of an archetype of the personality is topical. The paper presents the results of the empirical research conducted with the help of “12 archetypes” test (K. Pearson and H. Marr). This test defines the dominating archetype of the personality, but its results are low-informative. 120 students of the Pacific State Medical University (60 young men and 60 girls at the age of 20 – 25 years) participated in the research. In the research “12 archetypes” test (K. Pearson and H. Marr), Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, R. Kettell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (Form C) and V. I. Garbuzov’s questionnaire for diagnostics of the dominating instinct were used. The results allowed expanding the test. Detailed descriptive characteristics of each archetype of Pearson’s system were received.

This study examined the importance assigned by Human Resource personnel to the personality traits of Information Technology officers. The extent to which these traits were evident among Information Technology officers was determined and compared to their level of importance among Human Resource personnel. The well-known 16 Personality Factors model was used and data was collected by questionnaire from 84 Information Technology officers working at operational levels in organizations and 64 Human Resource personnel with experience in the recruitment of Information Technology officers. For most of the traits the findings showed reasonable agreement between the level of importance of the traits according to the Human Resource personnel and the extent to which traits were evident among the Information Technology officers. However, there were differences with respect to the four traits Friendliness, Introversion, Sensitivity, and Intellect and the practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Questionnaire-based personality and behavioural assessments for domestic dogs are widely used by professional dog handlers, researchers and those working in welfare. In order for behaviour tests to provide accurate, useful information about the future behaviour of test subjects, they need to reflect aspects of personality despite the limited context and time in which they are conducted. It is therefore important for questionnaires used to assess external validity of behaviour tests, to measure aspects of canine personality, and for assessors to understand how context-specific behavioural traits, such as those measured in battery tests, relate to broader personality traits in domestic dogs. Furthermore, the reliability of questionnaire-based tools using behavioural ratings can be significantly affected by questionnaire design and application, particularly when owners are asked to rate their own dogs and when the experience of raters is varied. This paper investigates the hierarchical structure of canine personality by assessing correlations between factor scores from three published owner questionnaires, two of which were designed to assess aspects of canine personality and one designed to assess narrow, behavioural traits that are somewhat context-specific. Between-factor correlations were also compared between sub-groups of owners and dogs based on demographic factors, to investigate the stability of these relationships in a mixed sample of volunteer pet dog owners and pet dogs. Several broad clusters of traits were identified, which each correlated with a number of context-specific behavioural traits. Three of these traits, ‘Neuroticism’ and ‘Extraversion’ in the Monash Canine Personality Questionnaire-Revised and ‘Behavioural Regulation’ in the Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale, show similarities to personality traits identified in other species. However, notable differences were identified in the relationships between some factors in owner groups which varied in dog-related work experience, which calls in to question the validity of structure identified. These variations may reflect a lack of reliability in some measures when experience level within a rater sample is mixed. Further investigation of the hierarchical structure of canine personality is required, using tools which behave more reliably with a mixed group of raters.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) includes a dimensional model of personality pathology, operationalized in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), with 25 facets grouped into 5 higher order factors resembling the Big Five personality dimensions. The present study tested how well these 25 facets could be integrated with the 10-factor structure of traits within the Big Five that is operationalized by the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS). In 2 healthy adult samples, 10-factor solutions largely confirmed our hypothesis that each of the 10 BFAS would be the highest loading BFAS on 1 and only 1 factor. Varying numbers of PID-5 scales were additional markers of each factor, and the overall factor structure in the first sample was well replicated in the second. Our results allow Cybernetic Big Five Theory (CB5T) to be brought to bear on manifestations of personality disorder, because CB5T offers mechanistic explanations of the 10 factors measured by the BFAS. Future research, therefore, may begin to test hypotheses derived from CB5T regarding the mechanisms that are dysfunctional in specific personality disorders.

Recent years have shown increased awareness of the importance of personality tests in educational, clinical, and occupational settings, and developing faking-resistant personality tests is a very pragmatic issue for achieving more precise measurement. Inspired by Stark (2002) and Stark, Chernyshenko, and Drasgow (2005), we develop a pairwise preference-based personality test that aims to measure multidimensional personality traits using a large-scale statement bank. An experiment compares the resistance of the developed personality test to faking with that of rating scale-based personality tests in the item response theory model framework. Results show that latent traits estimated from the personality test based on the rating scale method are severely biased, and that faking effect can be pragmatically ignored in the personality test developed based on the pairwise preference method.