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Research objectives: To study 14th century vessels with epigraphic and pseudo-epigraphic inscriptions. Research materials: Ceramic vessels kept in the Archaeological Museum of Kazan Federal University. Results and novelty of the research: In the 1960s, large-scale archaeological work was carried out on the archaeological sit of Tsarevskoye settlement by the Volga Archaeological Expedition led by G.A. Fedorov-Davydov. A group from Kazan State University (led by I.S. Weiner) also took part in the the expedition. As a result, a large layer of material sources was obtained within which, the most massive example of material was ceramics. To date, archeological objects discovered during the excavations of the Tsarevskoye settlement in 1961–1968 are in the funds of the Archaeological Museum of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. In addition to the artistic merits of the ceramics of the Golden Horde era, these items have a special scientific source-study significance since, being obtained as a result of field research, they are stratified and provided with an archaeological context. As part of the study, five stonepaste-based glazed vessels, one Central Asian stamped jug, and one die for the manufacture of stamped dishes were considered as the main research subjects. Vessels with epigraphic inscriptions meet analogies among the materials of the Lower Volga and Central Asian sites. Thus, the article introduces new data obtained as a result of epigraphic, linguistic, and comparative analyses of the collection originating from the territory of the eastern suburb of Tsarevskoye settlement of the 14th century.

Manuscripts in Oxford and Erfurt preserve evidence of the earliest known efforts made in Latin Europe to remeasure the eccentricity and maximum equation of the Ptolemaic solar model. The present article analyses and contextualizes this evidence, while also revisiting Ernst Zinner's hypothesis according to which the relevant observations were made by Alard of Diest (fl. 1308). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies / Divan Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes an exploration of the connection between the recessive trend of the financial economy in the mid-14th century and the simultaneous organisation of the expeditions to the Levant. Specifically, it will measure the impact of the crisis of the Florentine merchant companies, on which the papal treasuries also depended, on the setting up of the Smyrna crusade, which had begun before their collapse and was forced to downsize in the making. Then, the diplomatic contacts between the forces involved will be examined and the relationship between Clement VI (1342-1352), promoter of the expedition, and the Venetian Senate: if the former can be seen as a strenuous attempt to react to the economic constraints, the council seems to be oriented towards limiting contributions, having perhaps lost faith in the success of the enterprise.

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Katherine Beaumont, countess of Atholl, spent several months besieged within Lochindorb Castle before being rescued by King Edward III of England in July 1336. The king's campaign through the Highlands, Moray and Aberdeenshire has been seen by modern historians as one of his more chivalric enterprises, but very little is known about Katherine herself beyond her presence at Lochindorb. This article will begin the process of uncovering more of her own history and participation in the Second Scottish War of Independence. It will evaluate the importance of her marriage to David IV Strathbogie and her motherhood of David V within Scottish succession politics, look at her experience in Scotland as it was fought over between Bruce and Balliol, and provide a revised consideration of the siege of Lochindorb. It will also explore how and why such women's lives and actions are difficult to discern in medieval chronicles, addressing this through the use of alternative documentary and material evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

За время раскопок городища Сарайчик обнаружено и с разной степенью подробности зафиксировано 8 кладов серебряных джучидских монет. Накопившееся количество находок сокрытых сокровищ требует и позволяет провести их анализ. Целью исследования является выявление особенностей состава серебряных монетных кладов Сарайчика, обнаруженных в ходе археологических раскопок, а также установление источников поступления серебряной чеканной продукции для обеспечения потребностей местного монетного обращения в динамике. Изучены условия обнаружения кладов, их хронологический и эмитентный состав, оценена частота встречаемости продукции тех или иных монетных дворов, указанных на монетах. Сокрытие кладов укладывается в период с 753 г. х. / 1353 г. по начало 770-х гг. х. / ~ 1368—1373 гг. Большинство же кладов имеют период тезаврации в течение 750-х — 760-х гг. х. / 1350-х — 1360-х гг. В составе кладов преобладает чеканная продукция монетных производств области Сарай и Гулистана, присутствуют единичные монеты Сыгнака, Крыма и Азака. Процент хорезмийской серебряной монеты — менее 5%. Товарно-денежные отношения начали развиваться на изучаемой территории средневекового Сарайчука только в XIV в., в правление Узбек-хана. Данги поступали в Сарайчук из области Сарай, а затем и Гулистана. Можно полагать, что средневековый Сарайчук в этот период непосредственно входил в состав области Сарай.

The present paradigm associates the dawn of modern applied mathematics with the first decades of the 19th century. In an investigation of these historical premises, we search for themes investigated today through methods pertaining to applied mathematics in the works of a medieval scholar whose singular vision helped him reach several conclusions that were definitely ahead of his time. Nicole Oresme’s work, Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, written approximately between 1351 and 1355, showcases early mathe- matical applications that would now be classified as works in applied mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the onomastics of the Libro del Caballero Cifar and situates the work in a precise historical period, the reign of Alfonso XI. It also establishes, thanks to the study of the names, its Arabic ancestry and the biblical, Hebrew, French and Portuguese sources that converge in it. He tries to find the link that binds all the stories together: the biblical story set in the New Testament and in Jesus Christ. And, from there, it proposes the profile of its author, linked to the monastery of Sancti Spiritus in the town of Toro in Zamora and to the Portuguese Teresa Gil, its founder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reign of King Afonso IV was a period of intense royal action, with a notable expansion of the royal officialdom, important jurisdictional conflicts and intervention at all levels of administration of the Portuguese res publica. Analysing the actions of royal officials at a time of profound climate change, however, reveals a remarkable flexibility and symbiosis with the interests of landowners and farmers, contributing to an apparent blurring of the consequences of adverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta is the property of Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Staleta Praha is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building on the recent results of Serbian and Croatian historiography and the reinterpretation of some data from primary historical sources, the paper examines the issue of the conflict between the Serbian ruling house, the Nemanjić dynasty, and the Croatian magnate family of Šubić Bribirski in the region of Hum (Zachlumia, Humska zemlja) in the first twenty years of the 14th century. The paper reviews the conclusions of historians who dealt with this issue in more detail, highlighting the fact that, due to the scarcity and typology of the sources, only two reliable conclusions can be drawn: 1) from the beginning of the conflict until the collapse of the regional domain of Mladen II Šubić in 1322, neither side completely withdrew from Hum, and 2) knez Konstantin (comes Constantinus), who governed Hum on behalf of the Šubić family (ca. 1304-1307), was not the son of knez Izan Nelipčić, as some historians believed, but a member of the older generation of the Nelipčić family who bore the same name.

In the post-Boniface period, the Caetani family has always played a secondary role in the historiography of central-southern Italy, but, contrary to what is still believed, they were able to influence Italian and international politics at the highest levels. The count of Fondi Nicola I, son of Roffredo III, was first of all a fighter who in his short life showed extraordinary qualities of leader. Being the main champion of Louis I of Hungary, he was able, until his untimely death, to hold in check the Angevin kingdom, increasing the influence of his family as never before.

Political and social circumstances in fourteenth-century northern Scotland and the central Highlands have long received attention in late medieval Scottish history. However, compared with many studies on the late fourteenth century, discussions on the first half of the century are scarce, except from the perspectives of kingship and regnal politics. There has been little research on Moray under the Randolph family, though detailed examinations of other northern regions and baronial families have been made. In this article the structure and exercise of power in Moray under the first earl, Thomas Randolph is discussed. This paper demonstrates that the earl's building ties with influential local families and utilising the pre-existing informal political network and formal royal administrative systems, were as crucial for the governance of his northern estates as acquiring proxy-royal, regalian, and judicial power. Indeed, the earl took the opportunity to reinforce his rule by migrating his southern followers and expressing his authority in a unique fashion. However, due to his dependence on the pre-existing power networks and structure, the local political society kept its continuity too. Moray under Thomas I was never free from disputes, but the relatively stable regional situation was the product of such continuity and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to deconstruct, on the basis of primary sources and historiography, the erroneous historiographical tradition of the first mention of the Vilnius Cathedral School in 1397 by Jan Kurczewski (1854-1916) at the beginning of the twentieth century and the false historiographical tradition of 1397 as the first mention of Vilnius Cathedral School in the international historiography that has become the locus communis of the international historiography and to propose a linguistically based and historically valid meaning(s) for the Latin term “stubella”, different from “school”. The study makes use of various primary documentaries, lexicographical sources, and historiography. The data is processed using narrative, analysis and synthesis, and historiographical methods, as well as elements of lexicographical and retrospective methods. The results of the research are presented in three parts and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clemence, the daughter of Charles Martell of Anjou and Clemence of Habsburg, was born in Naples and became the wife of King Louis X of France in 1315. She was widowed the following year, and before her death in 1328, she witnessed the extinction of the male line of the Capetian dynasty. The period is rich in narrative sources, and this study seeks to answer the question of how they portrayed Clemence, how 'Hungarian' she really was, and what attracted the interest of chroniclers in the 'age of the cursed kings'.

This article presents an investigation of a 14th-century polychrome wood crucifix from the Marttila Church (Sankt Mårtens in Swedish), and other stylistically closely related crucifixes in the medieval diocese of Turku (Åbo), Finland. The article discusses the function of the polychromy in illustrating Christ’s Passion and communicating its meaning to viewers. A technical analysis of the Marttila crucifix showed that the original polychromy was of a high technical and artistic standard. The examination also established a firm basis for further iconographical and comparative style analyses. The main argument is that the polychromy strengthens the sculpture’s capacity to aid in mnemonic reflection and affective contemplation. It is also argued that the purchase of crucifixes with similar kinds of polychromies for other parish churches in the region may reflect a change in devotional and ritual practices, and possibly even St. Birgitta’s (Birgitta Birgersdotter, 1302/1303–1373) personal influence in the diocese during the 1340s. This study provides new insights into the significance of polychromy for iconographical analyses, even if preserved in a fragmented form. Thus, the article contributes to the understanding of the visual tradition of depicting the crucified Christ in the Late Middle Ages.

Medieval seals provide interesting historical and art historical source material as they reflect a number of elements in medieval society, of which iconography is one. The imagery in the seal of dignity of Olav I, Archbishop of Nidaros (1350–1370), is an artwork of high quality. This article provides a detailed examination of the cultural context of the seal by bringing together earlier knowledge and some new insights. It discusses stylistic relations to comparable seals from different areas outside the Nidaros archdiocese. These are the seals of the Cardinal of San Clemente, the Bishop of Durham and Queen Blanche of Norway and Sweden. The great seal of Olav was innovative at the time in Norway. It was hagiographic with a suppliant bishop’s figure. It contained rich micro-architectural elements, and heraldry now formed part of the imagery of the seal. The stylistic connections presented in the article are a reminder of the significance of the long-distance travels of the medieval clerg y and the resulting network of cultural interactions (including correspondence), especially during this period of increasing papal influence.

This paper analyses and edits two anonymous Latin letters that help to assess the political climate in the aftermath of the Great Schism: a Devil’s letter addressed to Clement VII and a literary polished invective against Urban VI. After a brief investigation of the events that led to the outbreak of the schism, the paper compares the two letters in light of the contemporary political framework, in order to demonstrate why they qualify as propagandistic documents that present each of the two popes as a threat for Christendom and to evaluate how they exploited their literary distinctiveness to increase the strength of their political accusations. In doing so the aim is to assess the outbreak of the Schism from a viewpoint based on some distinctive strategies of political communication employed after the double election.

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird das Fragment einer mittelalterlichen notierten Messhandschrift behandelt. Das fast vollständig überlieferte Doppelblatt stammt aus einem Graduale des 14. Jahrhunderts, und diente als Einband der Handschrift Nr. 11. Faszikel 4. des Bestandes „Urbaria et Conscriptiones”, Fonds E 156 des Ungarischen Nationalarchivs. In 2020 wurde das Fragment von seiner Trägerhandschrift abgelöst und restauriert. Die Notenschrift des Fragments repräsentiert eine späte Regionalvariante der auf dem Gebiet des mittelalterlichen Ungarn gepflegten sgn. Graner Choralnotation. Im Rahmen vergleichender musikpaläographischen Untersuchung wurde auf eine enge Verwandtschaft zwischen der Notenschrift des Fragments und jener des im 15. Jahrhundert verfassten Antiphonale Scepusiense hingewiesen. Das Doppelblatt enthält Gesänge des Messpropriums für die Quatembertage der dritten Adventswoche, darunter das Canticum trium puerorum (Lobgesang der drei Jünglinge im Feuerofen), das in der Messe am Quatembersamstag unmittelbar nach der dem Buch Daniel entnommenen Lesung gesungen wurde. Der Gesang, der zur archaischen Schicht der mittelalterlichen liturgischen Einstimmigkeit gehört, ist in den ungarischen handschriftlichen Quellen des 11.–16. Jahrhunderts nur selten mit musikalischer Notation belegt. Das auf dem Fragment erhaltene Canticum gehört mit seiner Zusammensetzung und hohen Verszahl sowohl in der ungarischen, als auch gesamteuropäischen Überlieferung zu den längsten Fassungen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lemir is the property of Universitat de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istorijski časopis is the property of Istorijski Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contributions to Oriental Philology / Prilozi za Orijentalnu Filologiju is the property of Orijentalni institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Marriage was in the nobiliary environment a familial question they usually didn't dwell at random upon. Seen as a regulation and formalizing of a certain social status, the institution of marriage was submitted, due to its role and position, to severe rituals and interdictions. To create new alliances, to consolidate the old ones or to set political relations through the means of matrimonial strategies and women operated as a capital obligation for the head of any nobiliary family. After all, joing in marriage was taken along the way for a contract with obligations and rights involving both the couple and the members of the widened family. On the other hand, from a spiritual point of view, matrimony was defined by ecclesiastic statements, as a sacral mystery with moral and religious implications, an unbreakable relation between a man and a woman. A model of the Christian marriage was after conceptualized, placed exclusively under the control of the ecclesiastic authorities, not under that of the secular ones. First of all, nobiliary domenial neighborship created opportunities to matrimonial alliances in order to sanction, consolidate, and secure certain agreements in the case of neighboring noble families. In fact, given the low mobility at that time, marriages were set most frequently in proximity and reflected the nature of some relations of neighborliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is dedicated to the March Menaion from the V.M. Undolski Collection (Russian State Library in Moscow, Fund 310, no. 80), previously kept in the library of Putna Monastery. The author proposes a new attribution. The study of the Menaion paper shows it should be dated to the last quarter of the 14th century (the “Three Mountains and a Cross” filigree is very similar to the Piccard filigree no. 156030, dated 1376), which refutes the idea that the manuscript was created during Stephen the Great’s reign (1457−1504). The paleographic analysis of the scribe’s writing leads to the same conclusion: the writing is semi-uncial, a characteristic of Bulgarian manuscripts of the last quarter of the 14th century. Therefore, the previous historiographic opinion (sustained by V.M. Undolski, V.I. Viktorov, A.I. Iatsimirski, Emil Turdeanu, Radu Constantinescu, T.B. Uhova, Valentina Pelin, Virgil Cândea) that the manuscript was created at Putna Monastery in the 15th century proves wrong. An analysis of the Menaion content has shown that it contains, after the sixth chant of the daily canon, the corresponding verses and readings from the Hagiography in verse (Стишной пролог) of Tarnovo redaction, with certain versions of the text which are fully reproduced in later Slavic copies of Moldavian origin of the March Menaion. This allows for the supposition that the text of the versified Hagiography in the above-mentioned manuscripts originates in the similar text of the Menaion from the V.M. Undolski Collection, which may be their protograph. The presence of the Menaion within the walls of the Putna Monastery and its fate were mentioned in a discolored cursive inscription written in the Romanian language with Slavic characters on the inside of the upper cover of the binding (on wood board) in the last quarter of the 17th century. The inscription was partially read by the author of this article with the help of UV light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A total of 147 medieval coins were discovered in July 2020, near a forest. These were chiefly Vienna pfennig mintages from Ottokar II (1251-1276) to Frederick the Fair as Duke (1306-1314). One pfennig appears to be from either Bavaria or the Archbischopric of Salzburg. The only coin from Germany proper is a Nuremberg pfennig from the 13th century. The hoard was likely hidden around 1306-1314 and may have been connected to unrest following the accession Charles Robert to the throne and his subsequent battles with various oligarchs, mainly Matthew Csák. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ars Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru (University of Zadar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kadi Burhan al-Din (1345-1398) is one of the most important representatives of Turkish literature in Anatolia during the 14th century. He received a good education since his earlier ages; he held important state offices as qadi and vizier; and finally, he declared his own sovereignty. The real importance of Kadi Burhan al-Din, who lived a life of challenges, for Turkish language and literature is his Dîvân that is comprised of ghazals, rubais and tuyughs. Poems of the poet that were written in a troubadour-like style are important for Divan poetry which was still at its preliminary stages in the 14th century. Because lyricism, which is very prominent in these poems, lead to Kadi Burhan al-Din becoming one of the most prominent names in Diwan poetry and even one of the founders of this style of poetry. In addition, his poems seem at the first glance as hard to understand due to certain factors such as his language, the spelling in the only copy of Dîvân, fine imagination and elements of material culture. It can be argued that his scholarly personality affected this. Firstly, in this study, the studies that analyzed the expressions in Dîvân of the poet were mentioned briefly, and then, the meaning of 19 out of 37 expressions were described by utilizing various sources. The remaining 18 expressions that comprise the core of the study were tried to be analyzed in a broader meaning. With this study, the aim has been to draw attention to the role of analysis of expressions in understanding a divan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Founding documents are parsed, revered and preserved but they can also be misread, mythologised and overlooked. This article examines the entangled fates of the Scots Declaration of Arbroath (1320) and the US Declaration of Independence (1776) at a moment between the seven-hundredth anniversary of the one in 2020 and the two-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the other in 2026. It shows that the two 'declarations' were both diplomatic texts, rhetorically shaped, and part of sequences of similar documents that have otherwise been largely overlooked. Some recent commentators have suggested that Arbroath influenced the US Declaration; on the contrary, the article argues that the Declaration influenced Arbroath, at least in its reception and its construction as an alleged charter or 'declaration' of Scottish 'independence'. I conclude by presenting fresh evidence for the presence of Arbroath in Philadelphia in 1776, to reflect on the sometimes surprising ways in which documents become, or do not become, foundational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores an aspect of the legacy of the Declaration of Arbroath and expands upon earlier research into tensions surrounding the commemorations in 1814 of the battle of Bannockburn. It considers the evidence for connections between those radical artisans and their leaders who attempted to rouse popular insurrection in 1820, Scotland's so-called 'radical war', and Bruce's now-celebrated missive to the papacy of 6 April 1320, five centuries before. Did the armed workers moving on Carron Shore Iron Foundry on 5 April 1820, routed by troops at Bonnymuir, seek to coincide with the Declaration's anniversary? To what extent was the radicals' own declaration, the Address to the Inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland, influenced by the text of 1320? If so, did this represent a continuation, a renewal or a debut for the Declaration as an inspiration for popular political participation in modern times? A survey of the holdings of early working-class subscription, circulation and public libraries in central Scotland c. 1790–c. 1830 can be made to identify both known and previously unnoticed published works which reproduced, translated and/or discussed the Declaration, as well as any radicalised readers. This reveals public awareness of Arbroath in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to have been potentially far more widespread than hitherto recognised by historians, if still marginal as a catalyst to political agitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse in a comparative perspective diplomatic exchanges involving the Christian realms of the Iberian peninsula, especially the crown of Aragon, during the later middle ages. In a framework of legal pluralism, two types of community—kingdoms and towns—were especially important in diplomatic practice. The diplomacies of kings, communities within kingdoms and towns interacted in complex entanglements. When kings were absent or became the enemy of communities, the diplomatic role of the latter could increase dramatically. This phenomenon is explored in two case-studies: the so-called 'great division' of the Mallorcan king's lands (1324–26) and the Catalan civil war (1462–73). Some communities appear to have had an expert knowledge of diplomatic codes, practices and languages. The execution of diplomacy could be challenging and crucial for the resilience of communities but it could also reveal the fragility of their unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reassesses Archie Duncan's seminal reconstruction of the events surrounding the writing of the Declaration of Arbroath and argues that the letter's date of 6 April 1320 represents the day on which a major political assembly at Newbattle abbey agreed the document's wording. This event was a continuation of an important royal gathering held around Easter. Abbot Bernard, the chancellor, probably spent the rest of April in Berwick, before returning to his home abbey of Arbroath in May, when he completed business enacted at Newbattle, including the letters to the pope. There is a good chance that the three-week royal assembly at Newbattle was a parliament. This article discusses attendance at this potential parliament. While most sealers of the Declaration were probably present, the number of earls was probably inflated for political reasons. This was vital to the letter's argument, which implied that there was little point in the pope opposing Robert's claim to kingship, since the community of the realm, led by the earls, would merely replace him with another figure. Thus events in the spring of 1320 reflect both the hard-nosed power for which the Bruce party was known, as well as an organic action by a large portion of the political community in an attempt to create a framework for Scottish independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been known that there are similarities between the Declaration of Arbroath and the text known as the Irish Remonstrance which antedates it by three years and survives only in Scottish sources. Both are letters to Pope John XXII complaining of injustices the senders experience at English hands, asking him to intervene that they may be left in peace having a prince of their own ruling over them, the Declaration asserting that the Scots have chosen Robert I as their king, the Remonstrance that the Irish have selected his younger brother, Edward Bruce. Being diplomatic letters both naturally follow a set formula but this paper argues that, when broken into their constituent parts, they make (most notably in their exordium and narratio) a series of about a dozen important points in support of their case, in such a matching sequence as to indicate that the author of the Declaration relied heavily on the text of the Remonstrance. Given the high regard in which the Declaration is justifiably held, and the rather poor opinion modern scholarship has had of its Irish exemplar, the paper advocates a re-evaluation of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general context surrounding the despatch to Avignon of the Declaration of Arbroath has been acknowledged and understood for some time. However, a detailed examination of the diplomatic to-ing and fro-ing between Scotland, England and the papacy in the years before and after 1320 reveals several significant aspects that have hitherto been overlooked. The most important is the pivotal role played by the death of the heir to the Scottish throne in Ireland in 1317, which prompted King Robert to engage directly with Pope John XXII, something the former had studiously avoided until then. This reflected the ultimate failure of Scottish military policy designed to force a peace treaty out of Edward II based on Scottish independence and a Bruce kingship. Henceforth Scotland's leaders worked hard to appear model members of Christendom's elites, despite the ongoing excommunication for their earlier contumacy. The interdict was finally lifted only a few months before Robert's death and shortly after the conclusion of a 'final' peace with Edward III's regency government (brought about by good old-fashioned military action). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the Arbroath celebrations, see J. N. G. Ritchie, 'Images of the Declaration: the Arbroath pageant", in Barrow (ed.), I Declaration of Arbroath i , 86-107; Laura Harrison, 'Commemorating the Declaration of Arbroath: https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2020/04/commemorating-declaration-arbroath/ (accessed 25 Aug. 2022). Keywords: Scotland; 14th century; 21st century; historiography; Declaration of Arbroath EN Scotland 14th century 21st century historiography Declaration of Arbroath 355 378 24 12/15/22 20221201 NES 221201 The History of the world is none other than the progress of the consciousness of Freedom; a progress whose development according to the necessity of its nature, it is our business to investigate. Engaging with Scotland's "special fascination" The town of Arbroath and the college at Newbattle, of course, were by no means alone in paying attention to the Declaration in its septcentenary year. It was claimed that museums are places where we can try to "make sense" of "the debris of the past" and we asked whether Scotland was making sense of the Declaration of Arbroath.[74] Our answer, after surveying a plethora of contradictory views about it, was that, from the point of view of contemporary political consciousness, the Declaration 'has been forgotten about too often and for too long and is remembered now too inconsistently to be the "Euclidean" proposition with which Scotland's political future is bound up'. [Extracted from the article]

EN: Based on the statutory, diplomatic and protostatistical sources (tithe census records), this paper analyzes the efficiency with which the Zagreb Chapter exploited the water resources on its estates in the 14th and 15th centuries. These resources include the traffic potential of the rivers on the estates, ferries, watermills, dams, ponds and bathing-places. The paper is also trying to establish the extent to which the Chapter managed the estates that were flooded either by human or by natural agency. The paper endeavors to prove that the Chapter was in constant interaction with its environment. This indicates that, even when the Chapter exploited its water resources to the maximum, it caused readjustment and changes in the environment. HR: Ovaj rad na temelju statutarnih, diplomatičkih i protostatističkih vrela (popisi desetina) vezanih za Zagrebački kaptol i njegova vlastelinstva u 14. i 15. stoljeću analizira koliko je učinkovito Zagrebački kaptol iskorištavao svoje vodene resurse. Pritom se misli na iskorištavanje geoprometnoga položaja rijeka na vlastelinstvima, izgradnji skela, mlinova, sustava brana i ribnjaka te kupališta. Rad osim toga propituje u kolikoj je mjeri Kaptol uspijevao upravljati posjedima koji su poplavljivani bilo prirodnim bilo ljudskim djelovanjem. Teza od koje se polazi jest da su Kaptol i njegov okoliš bili u stalnome međudjelovanju. To znači da je to, i u onim prilikama kada je Kaptol maksimalno iskorištavao vodene resurse, uzrokovalo promjene u okolini i ponovnu prilagodbu.

EN: The manuscript collection known as the “Collection of the Bisantis Family” kept in the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb contains partially damaged transcripts of several documents from the second half of the 14th century, originating from the Kotor office. The document from July 1356 refers to the division of money between the sons of Tryphon Bucchia and regulating his debts. Documents from April 14th and July 27th, 1359 speak of property disputes between Doma Berislavi and Drago Basilius, son of Mathaeus. The document of March 20th, 1362 deals with the issue of marriage and marital property. The document from January 6th, 1371, concerns the assignment of the right to the property that the Venetian Philippo Barelli acquired in Kotor. MNE: U rukopisnom zborniku poznatom kao Zbornik porodice Bizanti koji se čuva u Arhivu HAZU u Zagrebu nalaze se djelimično oštećeni prepisi nekoliko isprava iz druge polovine XIV. vijeka, nastalih u kotorskoj kancelariji. Isprava od jula 1356. godine odnosi se na podjelu novca između sinova Tripa Buće i regulisanja njegovih dugova. Dokumenta od 14. aprila i 27. jula 1359. godine govore o imovinskim sporovima između Dome Berislavi i Draga Basilijevog Matei. Pitanjem sklapanja braka i bračne imovine bavi se isprava od 20. marta 1362. godine. Isprava od 6. januara 1371. godine tiče se ustupanja prava na imovinu koju je Mlečanin Filip Bareli stekao u Kotoru.