3,585 results on '"10192 Physics Institute"'
Search Results
2. The Benchtop mesoSPIM: a next-generation open-source light-sheet microscope for large cleared samples
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Vladimirov, Nikita, Voigt, Fabian F, Naert, Thomas, Araujo, Gabriela R, Cai, Ruiyao, Reuss, Anna Maria, Zhao, Shan, Schmid, Patricia, Hildebrand, Sven, Schaettin, Martina, Groos, Dominik, Mateos, José María, Bethge, Philipp, Yamamoto, Taiyo, Aerne, Valentino, Roebroeck, Alard, Ertürk, Ali, Aguzzi, Adriano, Ziegler, Urs, Stoeckli, Esther, Baudis, Laura, Lienkamp, Soeren S, Helmchen, Fritjof, and University of Zurich
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10017 Institute of Anatomy ,10242 Brain Research Institute ,530 Physics ,U9 Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD) ,10208 Institute of Neuropathology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,610 Medicine & health ,10192 Physics Institute ,10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences - Published
- 2023
3. Fate of charge order in overdoped La-based cuprates
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K. von Arx, Qisi Wang, S. Mustafi, D. G. Mazzone, M. Horio, D. John Mukkattukavil, E. Pomjakushina, S. Pyon, T. Takayama, H. Takagi, T. Kurosawa, N. Momono, M. Oda, N. B. Brookes, D. Betto, W. Zhang, T. C. Asmara, Y. Tseng, T. Schmitt, Y. Sassa, J. Chang, University of Zurich, von Arx, K, and Chang, J
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3104 Condensed Matter Physics ,530 Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,10192 Physics Institute ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Electronic ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Den kondenserade materiens fysik - Abstract
In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, stripe order refers broadly to a coupled spin and charge modulation with a commensuration of eight and four lattice units, respectively. How this stripe order evolves across optimal doping remains a controversial question. Here we present a systematic resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of weak charge correlations in La2−xSrxCuO4 and La1.8−xEu0.2SrxCuO4. Ultra high energy resolution experiments demonstrate the importance of the separation of inelastic and elastic scattering processes. Long-range temperature-dependent stripe order is only found below optimal doping. At higher doping, short-range temperature-independent correlations are present up to the highest doping measured. This transformation is distinct from and preempts the pseudogap critical doping. We argue that the doping and temperature-independent short-range correlations originate from unresolved electron–phonon coupling that broadly peaks at the stripe ordering vector. In La2−xSrxCuO4, long-range static stripe order vanishes around optimal doping and we discuss both quantum critical and crossover scenarios.
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- 2023
4. Performance of triple-GEM detectors for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade measured in test beam
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CMS Muon Group, Canelli, Maria, Kilminster, Benjamin, Caminada, Lea, Botta, Cristina, Baertschi, Pascal, Bevilacqua, Tiziano, Brzhechko, Danyyl, Cormier, Kyle, Wit, Adinda, Del Burgo, Riccardo, Heikkilae, Jaana, Huwiler, Marc, Jin, Weijie, Jofrehei, Arash, Leontsinis, Stefanos, Liechti, Sascha, Macchiolo, Anna, Meiring, Peter, Missiroli, Marino, Mikuni, Vinicius, Molinatti, Umberto, Neutelings, Izaak, Noehte, Lars, Rauco, Giorgia, Reimers, Arne, Robmann, Peter, Sanchez Cruz, Sergio, Schweiger, Korbinian, Senger, Matias, Takahashi, Yuta, et al, and University of Zurich
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530 Physics ,3105 Instrumentation ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2023
5. Improved muon decay simulation with McMule and Geant4
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Gurgone, A, Papa, A, Schwendimann, P, Signer, A, Ulrich, Y, Baldini, A M, Cei, F, Chiappini, M, Francesconi, M, Galli, L, Grassi, M, Nicolò, D, Signorelli, G, University of Zurich, and Gurgone, A
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,530 Physics ,3105 Instrumentation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Instrumentation ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The physics programme of the MEG II experiment can be extended with the search for new invisible particles produced in rare muon decays. The hunt for such elusive signals requires accurate simulations to characterise the detector response and estimate the experimental sensitivity. This work presents an improved simulation of muon decay in MEG II, based on McMule and Geant4., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, contribution to PM2021, version accepted for publication
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- 2023
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6. A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics
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Kilminster, B, Baudis, L, Galloway, M, Aerne, V, Agostini, F, Ahmed Maouloud, S, Akerib, D S, Akimov, D Y, Akshat, J, Al Musalhi, A K, Alder, F, Alsum, S K, Althueser, L, Amarasinghe, C S, Amaro, F D, Ames, A, Anderson, T J, Andrieu, B, Angelides, N, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J, Antochi, V C, Antón Martin, D, Antunovic, B, Aprile, E, Araújo, H M, Armstrong, J E, Arneodo, F, Arthurs, M, Asadi, P, et al, and University of Zurich
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2023
7. Force measurements of Myosin II waves at the yolk surface during Drosophila dorsal closure
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Selvaggi, Lara, Ackermann, Mirco, Pasakarnis, Laurynas, Brunner, Damian, Aegerter, Christof M, University of Zurich, and Aegerter, Christof M
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Myosin Type II ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,530 Physics ,Morphogenesis ,Biophysics ,Animals ,Drosophila Proteins ,Drosophila ,10192 Physics Institute ,1304 Biophysics - Abstract
The mechanical properties and the forces involved during tissue morphogenesis have been the focus of much research in the last years. Absolute values of forces during tissue closure events have not yet been measured. This is also true for a common force-producing mechanism involving Myosin II waves that results in pulsed cell surface contractions. Our patented magnetic tweezer, CAARMA, integrated into a spinning disk confocal microscope, provides a powerful explorative tool for quantitatively measuring forces during tissue morphogenesis. Here, we used this tool to quantify the in vivo force production of Myosin II waves that we observed at the dorsal surface of the yolk cell in stage 13 Drosophila melanogaster embryos. In addition to providing for the first time to our knowledge quantitative values on an active Myosin-driven force, we elucidated the dynamics of the Myosin II waves by measuring their periodicity in both absence and presence of external perturbations, and we characterized the mechanical properties of the dorsal yolk cell surface.
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- 2022
8. Investigation of the effect of air gap size on the spatial resolution in proton- and helium radio- and tomography
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Uwe Schneider, Stephan Radonic, Roger A. Hälg, University of Zurich, and Radonic, Stephan
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Proton ,530 Physics ,Monte Carlo method ,Biophysics ,10192 Physics Institute ,Iterative reconstruction ,Helium ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Proton Therapy ,2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nuclear Experiment ,Particle beam ,Tomography ,Proton therapy ,Image resolution ,3614 Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Physics ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Detector ,Computational physics ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Protons ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Air gap (plumbing) ,Monte Carlo Method ,1304 Biophysics - Abstract
Purpose Proton computed (transmission) tomography (pCT) refers to the process of imaging an object by letting protons pass through it, while measuring their energy after, and their position and (optionally) direction both before and after their traversal through that object. The so far experimental technique has potential to improve treatment planning of proton therapy by enabling the direct acquisition of a proton stopping power map of tissue, thus removing the need to obtain it by converting X-ray CT attenuation data and thereby eliminating uncertainties which arise in the mentioned conversion process. The image reconstruction in pCT requires accurate estimates of the proton trajectories. In experimental pCT detector setups where the direction of the protons is not measured, the air gap between the detector planes and the imaged object worsens the spatial resolution of the image obtained. In this work we determined the mean proton paths and the corresponding spatial uncertainty, taking into account the presence of the air gap. Methods We used Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport to systematically investigate the effect of the air gap size between detector and patient on the spatial resolution of proton (ion) computed tomography for protons with an energy of 200 MeV and 250 MeV as well as for helium ions (He-4) with an energy of 798 MeV. For the simulations we used TOPAS which itself is based on Geant4. Results For all particles, which are detected at the same entrance and exit coordinate, the average ion path and the corresponding standard deviation was computed. From this information, the dependence of the spatial resolution on the air gap size and the angular confusion of the particle beam was inferred. Conclusion The presence of the airgap does not pose a problem for perfect fan beams. In realistic scenarios, where the initial angular confusion is around 5 mrad and for typical air gap sizes up to 10 cm, using an energy of 200 MeV a spatial resolution of about 1.6 mm can be achieved. Using protons with E = 250 MeV a spatial resolution of about 1.1 mm and using helium ions (He-4) with E = 798 MeV even a spatial resolution below 0.7 mm respectively is attainable.
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- 2022
9. A measurement of the mean electronic excitation energy of liquid xenon
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Baudis, Laura, Sanchez-Lucas, Patricia, Thieme, Kevin, University of Zurich, and Thieme, Kevin
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Photon ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,530 Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,10192 Physics Institute ,Electron ,QC770-798 ,Astrophysics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Recoil ,Xenon ,Ionization ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,0103 physical sciences ,3101 Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Physics ,Time projection chamber ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,QB460-466 ,chemistry ,2201 Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Atomic physics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Energy (signal processing) ,Excitation - Abstract
Detectors using liquid xenon as target are widely deployed in rare event searches. Conclusions on the interacting particle rely on a precise reconstruction of the deposited energy which requires calibrations of the energy scale of the detector by means of radioactive sources. However, a microscopic calibration, i.e. the translation from the number of excitation quanta into deposited energy, also necessitates good knowledge of the energy required to produce single scintillation photons or ionisation electrons in liquid xenon. The sum of these excitation quanta is directly proportional to the deposited energy in the target. The proportionality constant is the mean excitation energy and is commonly known as $W$-value. Here we present a measurement of the $W$-value with electronic recoil interactions in a small dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with a hybrid (photomultiplier tube and silicon photomultipliers) photosensor configuration. Our result is based on calibrations at $\mathcal{O}(1-10 \, \mathrm{keV})$ with internal $^{37}$Ar and $^{83\text{m}}$Kr sources and single electron events. We obtain a value of $W=11.5 \, ^{+0.2}_{-0.3} \, \mathrm{(syst.)} \, \mathrm{eV}$, with negligible statistical uncertainty, which is lower than previously measured at these energies. If further confirmed, our result will be relevant for modelling the absolute response of liquid xenon detectors to particle interactions., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. v2: external crosstalk considered, NEST comparison and references added, typos corrected
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- 2021
10. Absence of diagonal force constants in cubic Coulomb crystals
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Bartholomew Andrews, Gareth Conduit, Andrews, Bartholomew [0000-0002-9079-7433], Conduit, Gareth [0000-0003-3807-6361], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Zurich, and Andrews, Bartholomew
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Free electron model ,crystal structure ,density tight-binding model ,530 Physics ,General Mathematics ,Jellium ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Ionic bonding ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,10192 Physics Institute ,01 natural sciences ,Delocalized electron ,0103 physical sciences ,Coulomb ,010306 general physics ,2600 General Mathematics ,Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,density nearly-free electron model ,force constants ,Condensed matter physics ,Yukawa potential ,General Engineering ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,crystal stability ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy ,Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter ,2200 General Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Valence electron ,Coulomb crystal ,Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other) ,Research Article - Abstract
Peer reviewed: True, The quasi-harmonic model proposes that a crystal can be modelled as atoms connected by springs. We demonstrate how this viewpoint can be misleading: a simple application of Gauss's law shows that the ion-ion potential for a cubic Coulomb system can have no diagonal harmonic contribution and so cannot necessarily be modelled by springs. We investigate the repercussions of this observation by examining three illustrative regimes: the bare ionic, density tight-binding and density nearly-free electron models. For the bare ionic model, we demonstrate the zero elements in the force constants matrix and explain this phenomenon as a natural consequence of Poisson's law. In the density tight-binding model, we confirm that the inclusion of localized electrons stabilizes all major crystal structures at harmonic order and we construct a phase diagram of preferred structures with respect to core and valence electron radii. In the density nearly-free electron model, we verify that the inclusion of delocalized electrons, in the form of a background jellium, is enough to counterbalance the diagonal force constants matrix from the ion-ion potential in all cases and we show that a first-order perturbation to the jellium does not have a destabilizing effect. We discuss our results in connection to Wigner crystals in condensed matter, Yukawa crystals in plasma physics, as well as the elemental solids.
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- 2022
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11. Flavor non-universal vector leptoquark imprints in and ΔF = 2 transitions
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Crosas, Òscar L, Isidori, Gino, Lizana, Javier M, Selimović, Nudžeim, Stefanek, Ben A, University of Zurich, and Lizana, Javier M
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
12. Retrospective evaluation of a robust hybrid planning technique established for irradiation of breast cancer patients with included mammary internal lymph nodes
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Marina Hennet, Stephan Radonic, Uwe Schneider, Matthias Hartmann, University of Zurich, and Hennet, Marina
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Organs at Risk ,530 Physics ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Breast Neoplasms ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,Planning Techniques ,10192 Physics Institute ,Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Oncology ,Humans ,2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Female ,2730 Oncology ,Lymph Nodes ,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ,Radiology ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background The irradiation of breast cancer patients with included internal mammary lymph nodes challenges radiation planning with regard to robustness and protection of OARs. In this publication, a feasible hybrid radiation technique is presented with a retrospective dosimetric and radiobiological analysis of patient data of our institute from 2016 to 2020 and robustness analysis. Methods The proposed hybrid irradiation technique consists of two IMRT tangents and two partial VMAT fields. The retrospective dosimetric and radiobiological evaluation are made for 217 patient treatments (right- and left-sided). The robustness is evaluated regarding an artificial swelling from 0.4 to 1.5 cm for a random example patient and compared to a pure VMAT planning technique with use of a virtual bolus. The out of field stray dose is calculated for a selected patient plan and compared to alternative radiation techniques. Results The coverage D95% of the PTVEval (with breast swelling of 1.5 cm) changes for the hybrid plan from 96.1 to 92.1% of prescribed dose and for the pure VMAT plan from 94.3 to 87%. The retrospective dosimetric evaluation of patient irradiations reveals a Dmean for total lung 6.5 ± 0.9 Gy (NTCP[Semenenko 2008] 2.8 ± 0.5%), ipsilateral lung 10.9 ± 1.5 Gy, contralateral lung 2.2 ± 0.6 Gy, heart 2.1 ± 1.1 Gy (ERR[Schneider 2017] 0.02 ± 0.17%) and contralateral breast 1.7 ± 0.6 Gy. The scatter dose of the hybrid irradiation technique is higher than for pure VMAT and lower than for pure IMRT irradiation. Conclusions The feasibility of the proposed planning technique is shown by treating many patients with this technique at our radiotherapy department. The hybrid radiation technique shows a good sparing of the OARs in the retrospective analysis and is robust with regards to a breast swelling of up to 1.5 cm. The slightly higher stray dose of the hybrid technique compared to a pure VMAT technique originates from higher number of MUs and lower conformity.
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- 2022
13. Semi-inclusive lepton flavor universality ratio in b→sℓ+ℓ− transitions
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Ardu, Marco, Isidori, Gino, Pesut, Marko, and University of Zurich
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530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
14. Development of a timing chip prototype in 110 nm CMOS technology
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Senger, Matias, Caminada, Lea, Kilminster, Benjamin, Macchiolo, Anna, Meier, Beat, Wiederkehr, Stephan, and University of Zurich
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,History ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,530 Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,10192 Physics Institute ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
We present a readout chip prototype for future pixel detectors with timing capabilities. The prototype is intended for characterizing 4D pixel arrays with a pixel size of 100x100 μm2, where the sensors are Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs). The long term focus is towards a possible replacement of disks in the extended forward pixel system (TEPX) of the CMS experiment during the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The requirements for this ASIC are the incorporation of a Time to Digital Converter (TDC) in the small pixel area, low power consumption, and radiation tolerance up to 5 × 1015 n eq cm−2 to withstand the radiation levels in the innermost detector modules for 3000 fb−1 of the HL-LHC (in the TEPX). A prototype has been designed and produced in 110 nm CMOS technology at LFoundry and UMC with different versions of TDC structures, together with a front end circuitry to interface with the sensors. The design of the TDC will be discussed, with the test set-up for the measurements, and the first results comparing the performance of the different structures.
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- 2022
15. Flavor hierarchies, flavor anomalies, and Higgs mass from a warped extra dimension
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Fuentes-Martín, Javier, Isidori, Gino, Lizana, Javier M, Selimović, Nudžeim, Stefanek, Ben A, and University of Zurich
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,530 Physics ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 833280 (FLAY), and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under con-tract 200020_204428. The work of JF has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) and the Euro-pean Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR under grant IJC2020-043549-I, by the MCIN grant PID2019-106087GB-C22, and by the Junta de Andalucía grants P18-FR-4314 (FEDER) and FQM101., The recent B-meson anomalies are coherently explained at the TeV scale by 4321 gauge models with hierarchical couplings reminiscent of the Standard Model Yukawas. We show that such models arise as the low-energy limit of a complete theory of flavor, based on a warped fifth dimension where each Standard Model family is quasi-localized on a different brane. The Higgs is identified as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson emerging from the same dynamics responsible for 4321 symmetry breaking. This novel construction unifies quarks and leptons in a flavor non-universal manner, provides a natural description of flavor hierarchies, and addresses the electroweak hierarchy problem., European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 833280 (FLAY), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under con-tract 200020_204428, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR under grant IJC2020-043549-I, MCIN grant PID2019-106087GB-C22, Junta de Andalucía grants P18-FR-4314 (FEDER) and FQM101
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- 2022
16. Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT
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Aprile, E, Baudis, L, Galloway, M, Peres, R, Ramirez-Garcia, D, Volta, G, Angelino, E, Angevaare, J R, Antochi, V C, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baxter, A L, Bellagamba, L, Biondi, R, Bismark, A, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Bui, T K, Cai, C, Capelli, C, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Clark, M, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cuenca-García, J J, Cussonneau, J P, et al, and University of Zurich
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530 Physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,10192 Physics Institute ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy - Published
- 2022
17. Switchable chiral transport in charge-ordered kagome metal CsV3Sb5
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Guo, Chunyu, Putzke, Carsten, Konyzheva, Sofia, Huang, Xiangwei, Gutierrez-Amigo, Martin, Errea, Ion, Chen, Dong, Vergniory, Maia G, Felser, Claudia, Fischer, Mark H, Neupert, Titus, Moll, Philip J W, Max Planck Society, European Research Council, European Commission, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Eusko Jaurlaritza, University of Zurich, Guo, Chunyu, Fischer, Mark H, Neupert, Titus, and Moll, Philip J W
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Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,530 Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
When electric conductors differ from their mirror image, unusual chiral transport coefficients appear that are forbidden in achiral metals, such as a non-linear electric response known as electronic magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA). Although chiral transport signatures are allowed by symmetry in many conductors without a centre of inversion, they reach appreciable levels only in rare cases in which an exceptionally strong chiral coupling to the itinerant electrons is present. So far, observations of chiral transport have been limited to materials in which the atomic positions strongly break mirror symmetries. Here, we report chiral transport in the centrosymmetric layered kagome metal CsV3Sb5 observed via second-harmonic generation under an in-plane magnetic field. The eMChA signal becomes significant only at temperatures below T′≈ 35 K, deep within the charge-ordered state of CsV3Sb5 (TCDW ≈ 94 K). This temperature dependence reveals a direct correspondence between electronic chirality, unidirectional charge order and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking due to putative orbital loop currents. We show that the chirality is set by the out-of-plane field component and that a transition from left- to right-handed transport can be induced by changing the field sign. CsV3Sb5 is the first material in which strong chiral transport can be controlled and switched by small magnetic field changes, in stark contrast to structurally chiral materials, which is a prerequisite for applications in chiral electronics., Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society., This work was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MiTopMat, grant agreement no. 715730, and PARATOP, grant agreement no. 757867). This project received funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. PP00P2_176789). M.G.V., I.E. and M.G.-A. acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grant PID2019-109905GB-C21). M.G.V., C.F. and T.N. acknowledge support from FOR 5249 (QUAST) lead by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation). This work has been supported in part by Basque Government grant IT979-16. This work was also supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant (no. 742068) ‘TOPMAT’, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project-ID no. 247310070) ‘SFB 1143’ and the DFG through the Würzburg–Dresden Cluster of Excellence on Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter ct.qmat (EXC 2147, Project-ID no. 390858490).
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- 2022
18. Sensor noise in LISA Pathfinder: An extensive in-flight review of the angular and longitudinal interferometric measurement system
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Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, E, Xu, Y, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, de Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Flatscher, R, Freschi, M, García, A, Gerndt, R, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Guzman, F, et al, and University of Zurich
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530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
19. Evidence of a room-temperature quantum spin Hall edge state in a higher-order topological insulator
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Nana Shumiya, Md Shafayat Hossain, Jia-Xin Yin, Zhiwei Wang, Maksim Litskevich, Chiho Yoon, Yongkai Li, Ying Yang, Yu-Xiao Jiang, Guangming Cheng, Yen-Chuan Lin, Qi Zhang, Zi-Jia Cheng, Tyler A. Cochran, Daniel Multer, Xian P. Yang, Brian Casas, Tay-Rong Chang, Titus Neupert, Zhujun Yuan, Shuang Jia, Hsin Lin, Nan Yao, Luis Balicas, Fan Zhang, Yugui Yao, M. Zahid Hasan, University of Zurich, Hossain, Md Shafayat, Yin, Jia-Xin, and Hasan, M Zahid
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3104 Condensed Matter Physics ,2211 Mechanics of Materials ,530 Physics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,2210 Mechanical Engineering ,1600 General Chemistry ,General Materials Science ,10192 Physics Institute ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,2500 General Materials Science - Abstract
Room-temperature realization of macroscopic quantum phases is one of the major pursuits in fundamental physics
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- 2022
20. Leptoquarks with exactly stable protons
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Joe Davighi, Admir Greljo, Anders Eller Thomsen, University of Zurich, and Greljo, Admir
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,530 Physics ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We explore a novel mechanism to restrict TeV-scale leptoquark interactions and render the proton exactly stable to all orders in the effective field theory expansion. A scalar condensate breaks a lepton-flavoured $\mathrm{U}(1)_X$ gauge symmetry in the ultraviolet and generates neutrino masses, leaving a discrete $\mathbb{Z}_9$ or $\mathbb{Z}_{18}$ gauge symmetry in the infrared, forbidding $\Delta B = 1$ processes. This provides an elegant framework to address the flavour anomalies and can be adapted to many other new-physics models. The $ \mathrm{U}(1)_X $ can emerge from a gauge-flavour unified $ \mathrm{SU}(12) \times \mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{SU}(2) $ theory at even higher energies., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. v2: published version
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- 2022
21. Exceptional topological insulators
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Anastasiia Skurativska, Tomáš Bzdušek, Titus Neupert, Frank Schindler, Ronny Thomale, M. Michael Denner, Mark H. Fischer, University of Zurich, and Denner, M Michael
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Electronic properties and materials ,530 Physics ,Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Weyl semimetal ,1600 General Chemistry ,Genetics and Molecular Biology ,10192 Physics Institute ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Theoretical physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,0103 physical sciences ,Topological insulators ,010306 general physics ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,General Chemistry ,Hermitian matrix ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy ,Cover (topology) ,Topological insulator ,General Biochemistry ,State of matter ,Quasiparticle ,Embedding ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
We introduce the exceptional topological insulator (ETI), a non-Hermitian topological state of matter that features exotic non-Hermitian surface states which can only exist within the three-dimensional topological bulk embedding. We show how this phase can evolve from a Weyl semimetal or Hermitian three-dimensional topological insulator close to criticality when quasiparticles acquire a finite lifetime. The ETI does not require any symmetry to be stabilized. It is characterized by a bulk energy point gap, and exhibits robust surface states that cover the bulk gap as a single sheet of complex eigenvalues or with a single exceptional point. The ETI can be induced universally in gapless solid-state systems, thereby setting a paradigm for non-Hermitian topological matter., 6+ pages, 3 figures; 21 pages Supplemental Material
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- 2021
22. Precision QCD Physics at the LHC
- Author
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Thomas Gehrmann, Bogdan Malaescu, University of Zurich, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,precision measurement ,530 Physics ,new physics: search for ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,CERN LHC Coll ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph] ,quantum chromodynamics ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] - Abstract
This review describes the current status of precision QCD studies at the LHC. We introduce the main experimental and theoretical methods, discussing also their cross-stimulated developments and recent advances. The different types of QCD observables that are measured at the LHC, including cross-sections, event- and jet-level properties, for various final states, are summarised. Their relation to fundamental QCD dynamics and their impact on Standard Model parameter determinations are discussed on specific examples. The impact of QCD-related observables on direct and indirect searches for rare processes within and new physics beyond the Standard Model is outlined., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Published
- 2022
23. Assessing the impact of different neutron RBEs on the all solid cancer radiation risks obtained from the Japanese A-bomb survivors data
- Author
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Hafner, Luana, Walsh, Linda, Rühm, Werner, University of Zurich, and Hafner, Luana
- Subjects
Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,530 Physics ,2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,Relative Biological Effectiveness (rbe) ,Risk Assessment ,Atom Bomb Effects ,Cancer ,Epidemiology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,10192 Physics Institute ,Radiology ,Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,3614 Radiological and Ultrasound Technology - Abstract
PURPOSE: Development of a model characterizing risk variation with RBE to investigate how the incidence risk for all solid cancers combined varies with higher neutron RBEs and different organ dose types. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The model is based on RERF data with separate neutron and gamma dose information. RESULTS: For both additive and multiplicative linear excess risks per unit organ averaged dose, a reduction of 50% in the risk coefficient per weighted dose arises when a neutron RBE of 110 is used instead of 10. Considering risk per unit liver dose, this reduction occurs for an RBE of 130 and for risks per unit colon dose for an RBE of 190. The change in the shape of the dose response curve when using higher neutron RBEs is evaluated. The curvature changed and became significantly negative for males at an RBE of 140 for colon dose, 100 for liver dose and 80 for organ averaged dose. For females this is the case at an RBE of 110, 80 and 60, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Uncertainties in neutron RBE values should be considered when radiation risks and the shape of dose responses are deduced from cancer risk data from the atomic bomb survivors.
- Published
- 2022
24. Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 with a hidden Markov model in O3 LIGO data
- Author
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Abbott, R, et al, Ebersold, Michael, Hamilton, Eleanor Z, Haney, Maria, Lopez, Dixeena, Tiwari, S, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
25. Anomalous gapped boundaries between surface topological orders in higher-order topological insulators and superconductors with inversion symmetry
- Author
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Li, Ming-Hao, Neupert, Titus, Parameswaran, S A, Tiwari, Apoorv, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,3104 Condensed Matter Physics ,Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,530 Physics ,2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
We show that the gapless boundary signatures - namely, chiral/helical hinge modes or localized zero modes - of three-dimensional higher-order topological insulators and superconductors with inversion symmetry can be gapped without symmetry breaking upon the introduction of non-Abelian surface topological order. In each case, the fractionalization pattern that appears on surface is `anomalous' in the sense that it can be made consistent with symmetry only on the surface of a three dimensional higher-order insulator/superconductor. Our results show that the interacting manifestation of higher-order topology is the appearance of `anomalous gapped boundaries' between distinct topological orders whose quasiparticles are related by inversion, possibly in conjunction with other protecting symmetries such as TRS and charge conservation., 19 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2022
26. Transient acceleration events in LISA Pathfinder data: Properties and possible physical origin
- Author
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Jetzer, P, Tiwari, S, Lopez, D, Haney, M, Ebersold, M, Boitier, A, Hamilton, Eleanor Z, Xu, Y, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Dal Bosco, D, Danzmann, K, De Deus Silva, M, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
27. Heat capacity double transitions in time-reversal symmetry broken superconductors
- Author
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Røising, Henrik S, Wagner, Glenn, Roig, Mercè, Rømer, Astrid T, Andersen, Brian M, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,3104 Condensed Matter Physics ,530 Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
Standard superconductors display a ubiquitous discontinuous jump in the electronic specific heat at the critical superconducting transition temperature. In a growing class of unconventional superconductors, however, a second order parameter component may get stabilized and produce a second heat capacity jump at a lower temperature, typically associated with the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry. The splitting of the two specific heat discontinuities can be controlled by external perturbations such as chemical substitution, hydrostatic pressure, or uniaxial strain. We develop a theoretical quantitative multi-band framework to determine the ratio of the heat capacity jumps, given the band structure and the order parameter momentum structure. We discuss the conditions of the gap profile which determine the amplitude of the second jump. We apply our formalism to the case of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, and using the gap functions from a microscopic random phase approximation calculation, we show that recently-proposed accidentally degenerate order parameters may exhibit a strongly suppressed second heat capacity jump. We discuss the origin of this result and consider also the role of spatial inhomogeneity on the specific heat. Our results provide a possible explanation of why a second heat capacity jump has so far evaded experimental detection in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$., 13+8 pages, 8+8 figures
- Published
- 2022
28. X-ray absorption measurements at a bending magnet beamline with an Everhart–Thornley detector: A monolayer of Ho3N@C80 on graphene
- Author
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Lee, Wei Chuang, Sagehashi, Ryunosuke, Zhang, Yang, Popov, Alexey A, Muntwiler, Matthias, Greber, Thomas, University of Zurich, and Lee, Wei Chuang
- Subjects
Surfaces ,Coatings and Films ,3104 Condensed Matter Physics ,530 Physics ,2508 Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,10192 Physics Institute ,3110 Surfaces and Interfaces ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2022
29. Dose‐escalated simultaneously integrated boost radiation protocol fails to result in a survival advantage for sinonasal tumors in dogs
- Author
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Valeria Meier, Chris Staudinger, Maximilian Körner, Alena Soukup, Carla Rohrer Bley, University of Zurich, and Meier, Valeria
- Subjects
10253 Department of Small Animals ,630 Agriculture ,General Veterinary ,3400 General Veterinary ,Radiotherapy Dosage ,10192 Physics Institute ,Dogs ,Neoplasms ,Animals ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Dog Diseases ,Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ,Radiation Injuries ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The prognosis for canine sinonasal tumors remains rather poor despite definitive-intent radiotherapy (RT). Theoretical calculations predicted improved outcomes with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) protocols. With the hypothesis of clinically detectable differences in outcome between groups, our retrospective study evaluated prognostic variables and outcome in dogs treated with regular versus SIB RT. Dogs with sinonasal tumors treated with either a regular (10 × 4.2 Gy) or new SIB protocol (10 × 4.83 Gy to macroscopic tumor) were included. Information regarding signalment, tumor stage, type, clinical signs, radiation toxicity, response, and outcome was collected. Forty-nine dogs were included: 27 treated regularly and 22 treated with SIB RT. A total of 69.4% showed epistaxis, 6.1% showed epileptic seizures, 46.9% showed stage IV tumors, and 6.1% showed lymph node metastases. Early toxicity was mostly mild. Late grade 1 skin toxicity (alopecia/leucotrichia) was seen in 72.1% of dogs, and a possible grade 3 ocular toxicity (blindness) was seen in one dog. Complete/partial resolution of clinical signs was seen in 95.9% of patients as best clinical response and partial remission was seen as best imaging response in 34.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 274 days (95% CI: 117-383) for regular and 300 days (95% CI: 143-451) for SIB RT, which was not significantly different (P = 0.42). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was 348 days (95% CI: 121-500) for regular and 381 days (95% CI: 295-634) for the SIB RT (P = 0.18). Stratified by protocol, the hazard ratio of stage IV versus stage I-III tumors was 2.29 (95% CI: 1.156-4.551, P = 0.02) for OS but not PFS. All dogs showed acceptable toxicity. In contrast to theoretical predictions, however, we could not show a statistically significant better outcome with the new protocol.
- Published
- 2022
30. Characterization of irradiated RD53A pixel modules with passive CMOS sensors
- Author
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Jofrehei, A., Backhaus, M., Baertschi, P., Canelli, F., Glessgen, F., Jin, W., Kilminster, B., Macchiolo, A., Reimers, A., Ristic, B., Wallny, R., University of Zurich, and Jofrehei, A
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,530 Physics ,3105 Instrumentation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,10192 Physics Institute ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,2610 Mathematical Physics ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We are investigating the feasibility of using CMOS foundries to fabricate silicon detectors, both for pixels and for large-area strip sensors. The availability of multi-layer routing will provide the freedom to optimize the sensor geometry and the performance, with biasing structures in poly-silicon layers and MIM-capacitors allowing for AC coupling. A prototyping production of strip test-structures and RD53A compatible pixel sensors was recently completed at LFoundry in a 150 nm CMOS process. This paper will focus on the characterization of irradiated and non-irradiated pixel modules, composed by a CMOS passive sensor interconnected to a RD53A chip. The sensors are designed with a pixel cell of 25 × 100 μm2 in case of DC coupled devices and 50 × 50 μm2 for the AC coupled ones. Their performance in terms of charge collection, position resolution, and hit efficiency was studied with measurements performed in the laboratory and with beam tests. The RD53A modules with LFoundry silicon sensors were irradiated to fluences up to 1.0 × 1 0 16 n eq c m 2 ., Journal of Instrumentation, 17 (9), ISSN:1748-0221
- Published
- 2022
31. NetKet 3: Machine Learning Toolbox for Many-Body Quantum Systems
- Author
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Filippo Vicentini, Damian Hofmann, Attila Szabó, Dian Wu, Christopher Roth, Clemens Giuliani, Gabriel Pescia, Jannes Nys, Vladimir Vargas-Calderón, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Giuseppe Carleo, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Polymers and Plastics ,530 Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,10192 Physics Institute ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Machine Learning (cs.LG) ,Analytical Chemistry ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Endocrinology ,Electrochemistry ,Internal Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Quantum Physics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Medicine ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Energy ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Computer Science - Mathematical Software ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Mathematical Software (cs.MS) - Abstract
We introduce version 3 of NetKet, the machine learning toolbox for many-body quantum physics. NetKet is built around neural-network quantum states and provides efficient algorithms for their evaluation and optimization. This new version is built on top of JAX, a differentiable programming and accelerated linear algebra framework for the Python programming language. The most significant new feature is the possibility to define arbitrary neural network ans\"atze in pure Python code using the concise notation of machine-learning frameworks, which allows for just-in-time compilation as well as the implicit generation of gradients thanks to automatic differentiation. NetKet 3 also comes with support for GPU and TPU accelerators, advanced support for discrete symmetry groups, chunking to scale up to thousands of degrees of freedom, drivers for quantum dynamics applications, and improved modularity, allowing users to use only parts of the toolbox as a foundation for their own code., Comment: 55 pages, 5 figures. Accompanying code at https://github.com/netket/netket
- Published
- 2022
32. Triple nodal points characterized by their nodal-line structure in all magnetic space groups
- Author
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Tomas Bzdusek, Patrick Lenggenhager, Xiaoxiong Liu, Titus Neupert, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,530 Physics ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
We analyze triply degenerate nodal points [or triple points (TPs) for short] in energy bands of crystalline solids. Specifically, we focus on spinless band structures, i.e., when spin-orbit coupling is negligible, and consider TPs formed along high-symmetry lines in the momentum space by a crossing of three bands transforming according to a 1D and a 2D irreducible corepresentation (ICR) of the little co-group. The result is a complete classification of such TPs in all magnetic space groups, including the non-symmorphic ones, according to several characteristics of the nodal-line structure at and near the TP. We show that the classification of the presently studied TPs is exhausted by 13 magnetic point groups (MPGs) that can arise as the little co-group of a high-symmetry line and which support both 1D and 2D spinless ICRs. For 10 of the identified MPGs, the TP characteristics are uniquely determined without further information; in contrast, for the 3 MPGs containing sixfold rotational symmetry, two types of TPs are possible, depending on the choice of the crossing ICRs. The classification result for each of the 13 MPGs is illustrated with first-principles calculations of a concrete material candidate., Comment: 16 pages (12 figures, 5 tables) + 20 pages of Appendices (20 figures, 1 table) + references; updated with accepted version
- Published
- 2022
33. Toward excluding a light Z′ explanation of b→sℓ+ℓ−
- Author
-
Crivellin, Andreas, Manzari, Claudio Andrea, Altmannshofer, Wolfgang, Inguglia, Gianluca, Feichtinger, Paul, Camalich, Jorge Martin, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
34. Chiral extrapolation of hadronic vacuum polarization and isospin-breaking corrections
- Author
-
Hoferichter, Martin, Colangelo, Gilberto, Bai-Long, H, Kubis, Bastian, de Elvira, J R, Stamen, Dominik, Stoffer, Peter, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Nuclear Theory ,530 Physics ,High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
By far the biggest contribution to hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) arises from the two-pion channel. Its quark-mass dependence can be evaluated by combining dispersion relations with chiral perturbation theory, providing guidance on the functional form of chiral extrapolations, or even interpolations around the physical point. In addition, the approach allows one to estimate in a controlled way the isospin-breaking (IB) corrections that arise from the pion mass difference. As an application, we present an updated estimate of phenomenological expectations for electromagnetic and strong IB corrections to the HVP contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In particular, we include IB effects in the $\bar K K$ channel, which are enhanced due to the proximity of the $\bar K K$ threshold and the $\phi$ resonance. The resulting estimates make it unlikely that the current tension between lattice-QCD and data-driven evaluations of the HVP contribution is caused by IB corrections., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure; proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2022)
- Published
- 2022
35. Unified explanation of the anomalies in semileptonic B decays and the W mass
- Author
-
Algueró, Marcel, Matias, Joaquim, Crivellin, Andreas, Manzari, Claudio Andrea, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
36. Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data
- Author
-
Ebersold, M, Hamilton, E Z, Haney, M, Lopez, D, Tiwari, S, Adhikari, R X, Adkins, V K, Adya, V B, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O D, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Akutsu, T, Albanesi, S, Alfaidi, R A, Allocca, A, Altin, P A, Amato, A, Anand, C, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S B, Anderson, W G, Ando, M, Andrade, T, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
37. EXCESS workshop: Descriptions of rising low-energy spectra
- Author
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Adari, P, Aguliar-Arevalo, A, Amidei, Dante, et al, Kilmister, Ben, Lee, Steven J, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
38. Single photon production at hadron colliders at NNLO QCD with realistic photon isolation
- Author
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Chen, X, Gehrmann, T, Glover, E W N, Höfer, M, Huss, A, Schürmann, R, University of Zurich, and Schürmann, R
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,530 Physics ,Physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Optics ,hep-ph ,10192 Physics Institute ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,ddc:530 ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Particle Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
Isolated photons at hadron colliders are defined by permitting only a limited amount of hadronic energy inside a fixed-size cone around the candidate photon direction. This isolation criterion admits contributions from collinear photon radiation off QCD partons and from parton-to-photon fragmentation processes. We compute the NNLO QCD corrections to isolated photon and photon-plus-jet production, including these two contributions. Our newly derived results allow us to reproduce the isolation prescription used in the experimental measurements, performing detailed comparisons with data from the LHC experiments. We quantify the impact of different photon isolation prescriptions, including no isolation at all, on photon-plus-jet cross sections and discuss possible measurements of the photon fragmentation functions at hadron colliders., 42 pages, 19 figures, one table, journal version, four ancillary data files with the NNLO predictions enclosed
- Published
- 2022
39. Evidence for a square-square vortex lattice transition in a high-T c cuprate superconductor
- Author
-
Campbell, Daniel J, Frachet, Mehdi, Benhabib, Siham, Gilmutdinov, Ildar, Proust, Cyril, Kurosawa, Tohru, Momono, N, Oda, M, Horio, Masafumi, Kramer, Kevin, Chang, Johan, Ichioka, M, LeBoeuf, David, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Muroran Institute of Technology, Physik-Institut [Zürich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences [Okayama] (RCIS), Okayama University, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-19-CE30-0019,neptun,Nouvelles approches du problème des supraconducteurs à haute température(2019), University of Zurich, LeBoeuf, David, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,[PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con] ,530 Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,10192 Physics Institute ,3100 General Physics and Astronomy - Abstract
Using sound velocity and attenuation measurements in high magnetic fields, we identify a new transition in the vortex lattice state of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ (LSCO). The transition, observed in magnetic fields exceeding 35 T and temperatures far below zero field $T_c$, is detected in the compression modulus of the vortex lattice, at a doping level $x=p=0.17$. Our theoretical analysis based on Eilenberger theory of vortex lattice shows that the transition corresponds to the long-sought 45 degrees rotation of the square vortex lattice, predicted to occur in $d$-wave superconductors near a van Hove singularity., Comment: Main text 5 pages, 3 figures, total 9 pages supplementary material included
- Published
- 2022
40. Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in the Second and Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Runs
- Author
-
Ebersold, Michael, Haney, M, Hamilton, Eleanor Z, Lopez, D, Tiwari, S, Adhikari, R X, Adkins, V K, Adya, V B, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O D, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Akutsu, T, Albanesi, S, Alfaidi, R A, Allocca, A, Altin, P A, Amato, A, Anand, C, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S B, Anderson, W G, Ando, M, Andrade, T, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
1912 Space and Planetary Science ,530 Physics ,3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
41. Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments
- Author
-
Pozzorini, Stefano, Stagnitto, Giovanni, Gehrmann, Thomas, Gehrmann-De Ridder, Aude, Grazzini, Massimiliano, Lang, L J, Marcoli, M, Mo, J, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
42. Initial state QED radiation aspects for future e+e− colliders
- Author
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Signer, A, Stagnitto, Giovanni, Frixione, S, Laenen, E, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
43. CompF3: Machine Learning
- Author
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Canelli, F, Mikuni, V, Faroughy, D A, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
44. Testing Lepton Flavor Universality and CKM Unitarity with Rare Pion Decays in the PIONEER experiment
- Author
-
Crivellin, Andreas, Altmannshofer, Wolfgang, Binney, H, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute - Published
- 2022
45. Renormalization of twist-two operators in QCD and its application to singlet splitting functions
- Author
-
Gehrmann, Thomas, von Manteuffel, Andreas, Yang, Tong-Zhi, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
1000 Multidisciplinary ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,530 Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,10192 Physics Institute - Abstract
Splitting functions govern the scale evolution of parton distribution functions. Through a Mellin transformation, they are related to anomalous dimensions of twist-two operators in the operator product expansion. We study off-shell operator matrix element, where the physical operators mix under renormalization with other gauge-variant operators of the same quantum numbers. We devise a new method to systematically extract the Feynman rules resulting from those operators without knowing the operators themselves. As a first application of the new approach, we independently reproduce the well-known three-loop singlet splitting functions obtained from computations of on-shell quantities., 15 pages, 2 figures, contribution to LL2022
- Published
- 2022
46. Pseudogap Suppression by Competition with Superconductivity in La-Based Cuprates
- Author
-
Küspert, J., Cohn Wagner, R., Lin, C., von Arx, K., Wang, Q., Kramer, K., Pudelko, W. R., Plumb, N. C., Matt, C. E., Fatuzzo, C. G., Sutter, D., Sassa, Y., Yan, J.-Q., Zhou, J.-S., Goodenough, J. B., Pyon, S., Takayama, T., Takagi, H., Kurosawa, T., Momono, N., Oda, M., Hoesch, M., Cacho, C., Kim, T. K., Horio, M., Chang, J., and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) ,530 Physics ,Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,10192 Physics Institute ,Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) ,fermi-surface ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,ddc:530 ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,phase ,symmetry - Abstract
Physical review research 4(4), 043015 (2022). doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.043015, We carried out a comprehensive high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the pseudogap interplay with superconductivity in La-based cuprates. The three systems La$_{2−x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$, La$_{1.6−x}$Nd$_{0.4}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$, and La$_{1.8−x}$Eu$_{0.2}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ display slightly different pseudogap critical points in the temperature versus doping phase diagram. We studied the pseudogap evolution into the superconducting state for doping concentrations just below the critical point. In this setting, near optimal doping for superconductivity and in the presence of the weakest possible pseudogap, we uncover how the pseudogap is partially suppressed inside the superconducting state. This conclusion is based on the direct observation of a reduced pseudogap energy scale and re-emergence of spectral weight suppressed by the pseudogap. Altogether these observations suggest that the pseudogap phenomenon in La-based cuprates is in competition with superconductivity for antinodal spectral weight., Published by APS, College Park, MD
- Published
- 2022
47. Effective transverse momentum in multiple jet production at hadron colliders
- Author
-
Jürg Haag, Luca Buonocore, Massimiliano Grazzini, Luca Rottoli, Chiara Savoini, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,530 Physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,10192 Physics Institute ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We consider the class of inclusive hadron collider processes in which several energetic jets are produced, possibly accompanied by colourless particles (such as Higgs boson(s), vector boson(s) with their leptonic decays, and so forth). We propose a new variable that smoothly captures the $N+1$ to $N$-jet transition. This variable, that we dub $k_T^{\rm ness}$, represents an effective transverse momentum controlling the singularities of the $N+1$-jet cross section when the additional jet is unresolved. The $k_T^{\rm ness}$ variable offers novel opportunities to perform higher-order calculations in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) by using non-local subtraction schemes. We study the singular behavior of the $N+1$-jet cross section as $k_T^{\rm ness}\to 0$ and, as a phenomenological application, we use the ensuing results to evaluate next-to-leading order corrections to $H$+jet and $Z$+2 jet production at the LHC. We show that $k_T^{\rm ness}$ performs extremely well as a resolution variable and appears to be very stable with respect to hadronization and multiple-parton interactions., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Added appendix with details on jet and soft functions at NLO. Version published in Phys.Rev.D
- Published
- 2022
48. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment
- Author
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XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E, Baudis, Laura, Bismark, A, Capelli, Chiara, Galloway, Michelle, Manfredini, Alessandro, Peres, R, Reichard, Shayne, Volta, Giovanni, et al, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,2201 Engineering (miscellaneous) ,3101 Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Engineering (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
49. Experimental Validation of an Analytical Program and a Monte Carlo Simulation for the Computation of the Far Out-of-Field Dose in External Beam Photon Therapy Applied to Pediatric Patients
- Author
-
Marijke De Saint-Hubert, Finja Suesselbeck, Fabiano Vasi, Florian Stuckmann, Miguel Rodriguez, Jérémie Dabin, Beate Timmermann, Isabelle Thierry-Chef, Uwe Schneider, Lorenzo Brualla, University of Zurich, and Brualla, Lorenzo
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Cancer Research ,teletherapy ,530 Physics ,anthropomorphic ,photon ,Medizin ,TLD ,analytical model ,10192 Physics Institute ,pediatric ,Oncology ,2730 Oncology ,1306 Cancer Research ,PRIMO ,Monte Carlo - Abstract
Background: The out-of-the-field absorbed dose affects the probability of primary second radiation-induced cancers. This is particularly relevant in the case of pediatric treatments. There are currently no methods employed in the clinical routine for the computation of dose distributions from stray radiation in radiotherapy. To overcome this limitation in the framework of conventional teletherapy with photon beams, two computational tools have been developed-one based on an analytical approach and another depending on a fast Monte Carlo algorithm. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of these approaches by comparison with experimental data obtained from anthropomorphic phantom irradiations. Materials and methods: An anthropomorphic phantom representing a 5-year-old child (ATOM, CIRS) was irradiated considering a brain tumor using a Varian TrueBeam linac. Two treatments for the same planned target volume (PTV) were considered, namely, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). In all cases, the irradiation was conducted with a 6-MV energy beam using the flattening filter for a prescribed dose of 3.6 Gy to the PTV. The phantom had natLiF : Mg, Cu, P (MCP-N) thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in its 180 holes. The uncertainty of the experimental data was around 20%, which was mostly attributed to the MCP-N energy dependence. To calculate the out-of-field dose, an analytical algorithm was implemented to be run from a Varian Eclipse TPS. This algorithm considers that all anatomical structures are filled with water, with the exception of the lungs which are made of air. The fast Monte Carlo code dose planning method was also used for computing the out-of-field dose. It was executed from the dose verification system PRIMO using a phase-space file containing 3x109 histories, reaching an average standard statistical uncertainty of less than 0.2% (coverage factor k = 1 ) on all voxels scoring more than 50% of the maximum dose. The standard statistical uncertainty of out-of-field voxels in the Monte Carlo simulation did not exceed 5%. For the Monte Carlo simulation the actual chemical composition of the materials used in ATOM, as provided by the manufacturer, was employed. Results: In the out-of-the-field region, the absorbed dose was on average four orders of magnitude lower than the dose at the PTV. For the two modalities employed, the discrepancy between the central values of the TLDs located in the out-of-the-field region and the corresponding positions in the analytic model were in general less than 40%. The discrepancy in the lung doses was more pronounced for IMRT. The same comparison between the experimental and the Monte Carlo data yielded differences which are, in general, smaller than 20%. It was observed that the VMAT irradiation produces the smallest out-of-the-field dose when compared to IMRT. Conclusions: The proposed computational methods for the routine calculation of the out-of-the-field dose produce results that are similar, in most cases, with the experimental data. It has been experimentally found that the VMAT irradiation produces the smallest out-of-the-field dose when compared to IMRT for a given PTV. The presented research has been funded by the HARMONIC project. The HARMONIC project (Health effects of cArdiac fluoRoscopy and MOderN radIotherapy in paediatriCs) has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement number 847707. MR acknowledges funding from the Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá. ITC acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S) and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
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- 2022
50. Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter
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Aprile, E, Baudis, L, Bismark, A, Capelli, C, Galloway, M, Manfredini, A, Peres, R, Volta, G, Wittweg, C, Antón Martin, D, Arneodo, F, Baxter, A L, Bellagamba, L, Bernard, A, Biondi, R, Brown, A, Bruenner, S, Bruno, G, Budnik, R, Cardoso, J M R, Cichon, D, Cimmino, B, Clark, M, Colijn, A P, Conrad, J, Cuenca-García, J J, Cussonneau, J P, et al, and University of Zurich
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530 Physics ,10192 Physics Institute ,3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Published
- 2022
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