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This paper presents a novel 2D/3D desktop virtual reality hybrid user interface for radiology that focuses on improving 3D manipulation required in some diagnostic tasks. An evaluation of our system revealed that our hybrid interface is more efficient for novice users and more accurate for both novice and experienced users when compared to traditional 2D only interfaces. This is a significant finding because it indicates, as the techniques mature, that hybrid interfaces can provide significant benefit to image evaluation. Our hybrid system combines a zSpace stereoscopic display with 2D displays, and mouse and keyboard input. It allows the use of 2D and 3D components interchangeably, or simultaneously. The system was evaluated against a 2D only interface with a user study that involved performing a scoliosis diagnosis task. There were two user groups: medical students and radiology residents. We found improvements in completion time for medical students, and in accuracy for both groups. In particular, the accuracy of medical students improved to match that of the residents. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Objective: This study is concerned with the user interface (UI) design of touch screen based on the reaction time of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) user. Background: Adopting the touch screen technology, the ATM service has recently established a new user interface different from the existing button-type interface. Method: Experiments were conducted by simulating ATM touch screen layouts, and layouts were focused on location of menu buttons (left and right, top and bottom), number of menu buttons (8 and 12 buttons). Results: The results show that there are significant differences in correction ratio and reaction time by user groups, types of menu location, and the number of buttons. Conclusion and Applications: The results of this study can be used to provide baseline information for the interface design of ATM touch screen and the age differences in reaction time.

Nowadays, touchable displays are widely used in most embedded systems, including mobile phones and other hand-held devices. Although interactive user interfaces are intuitively required for these systems, most of interactive graphical user interface implementations usually need lots of system resources. For low-tier embedded systems, we have presented that the text-based user interfaces are more suitable, as shown in our previous works. In this paper, we present an object-oriented approach to provide a full-scale text-based user interface scheme, especially on the low-tier embedded systems. Our application user interface implementation is very simple and intuitive, with few amount of computing resource. It naturally supports multiple overlapping windows, pop-up menus, pull-down menus, dialog boxes, and other user interface components, with graceful object-oriented application programming interfaces. We also provide large size text output for emphasis purposes. All the systems are now available as a software library, and can be used for wide range of applications.

Traffic Flow Management (TFM) functions to minimize airspace congestion and maximize safety and efficiency. TFM personnel at the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration use Traffic Situation Display (TSD) software to observe air traffic and weather systems and issue strategic congestion-mitigation initiatives to Air Traffic Control facilities. Since its initial deployment, the TSD has been augmented by many groups of developers. This distributed process has led to an inconsistent interface that does not always adhere to best usability practices, especially because during the initial stages of development there was little human factors involvement. This can have a detrimental effect on new users learning the interface and also may make experienced users more likely to make errors. We developed a style guide for an operational Air Traffic Management tool, and a companion consistency assessment, to help developers (a) adhere to usability principles for future software expansions and (b) bring older portions of the interface into compliance with user-centered design. We discuss the process of style guide development—including the unique aspects of the TFM user population and application domain and their implications for creating a style guide for TFM software—and the applicability of our guide beyond the TSD tool.

A Graphical User Interface can capture the essence of an idea or a situation, often avoiding the need for a long passage of text. Such interfaces can save a user from the need to learn complex commands. They are less likely to intimidate computer users and can provide a large amount of information quickly in a form which can be easily assimilated by the user. This chapter we will first introduce what we mean by a GUI and by WIMP based UIs in particular. We will then consider the range of libraries available for Python before selecting wxPython.

In this paper, we use a network-based cloud environment, the software keyboard is built into the smart mobile devices will be customized to provide the user interface. Customized user interface using a network-based interface for the cloud as the optimized interface with a variety of individual application environments, user will have a desired interface for their usage. If the user requests the Node.js and JQuery-based interface to provide an interface, it will provide an interface quicker. The server processes the data quickly and builds server data. There has an algorithm which was developed to return the existing MongoDB. We will use M/M/1, M/M/C Queueing Model for using performance analysis and testing existing MongoDB Server which applied the algorithm to provide and manage user interface effectively. In addition, We propose SLAN to share data between among users, and test this method.

Human computer interface (HCI) in pervasive computing environment (PvCE) faces many kinds of devices and different user preferences. To create user interfaces for every device and user preference traditionally in each user interaction is unacceptable, especially when the user interface have to be generated dynamically. This paper proposes a so-called type model for simple user interaction in PvCE. First, a predefined set of data types is introduced to describe the interaction content. Next, the content is transformed by the profile describing user interaction system (UIS) features and the preference describing user preference. Then, the transformation result is sent to the UIS that will render and display it "on screen". Finally, the data binding and data regrouping mechanisms are used to synchronize and collect user modifications on the content. The type model enables software developers to make user interactions with only one profile for given UIS and several preferences for different users. For simple user interaction, the work in HCI is significantly reduced.

Various kinds of audio/video communication systems have been developed and are available today. These systems could offer an identical environment for remote communication just as a face-to-face meeting. However, two critical issues are pointed out. One is lack of existence for remote participants and the other one is lack of relationship with remote participants. This study proposes an idea of active display interface for remote communication system called ARM-COMS (ARm-supported eMbodied COmmunication Monitor System) to tackle these issues. The concept of an active display is to enhance the existence of a digital object shown in the screen by physical movement of the display. The idea of ARM-COMS comes from this concept, and enhances the existence of a remote person by mimicking the physical movement of the remote person using the active display. In addition to this basic feature, ARM-COMS shows the relationship with the remote person by an entrainment control of the active display. This research investigates how users interact with the active display using eye-tracking and motion tracking experiments, and gain insight into user behavior to study the effectiveness of ARM-COMS. This paper presents the initial results of entrainment control and discusses the future works.

In this work, we proposed a virtual companion based interface that simplifies the smartphone interface for the elderly. This interface displays menus according to the situation and users' request via a virtual agent and animates information in a 3-dimensional manner. We applied speech recognition technology from mobile and wearable devices to receive input from users. Virtual avatars were selected to visualize appropriate behavior based on user input. We expect that this mobile interface could be a future of next smartphone user interface.

In common industrial applications, machine control used its own man-machine interface to achieve the monitoring and control functions. A graphical and intuitive interface can help an unelectrical background people to control machine system easily. This paper used MSP432 microcontroller and microsoft C# language to design a user interface for active magnetic bearing system, and to communicate by Bluetooth low energy module. In our user interface, there are COM PORT search and connection, parameters setting, real time data reading, graphical monitoring and other functions. It can satisfy the general needs of the machine control, and reduce industrial machine operating procedure.

This research aims to improve users experience by changing existed interaction systems with NUI-assisted. We first present a new NUI design procedure based on user behavior patterns. Then, we analyze the user group behavior patterns in digital painting, and develop a gesture interaction prototype by Leap Motion. According to results of evaluation experiment, the usability and user experience for this interaction system are improved obviously.

With the development of electronic communication technology, the ship’s navigational equipment is being digitized, and it has being studied touch-screen-based navigation user interface. However, due to the influence of environmental factors such as waves, it has a potential problem hazardous marine accident occurs due to incorrect operation, the systematic research in consideration of this be done do not. In this paper, we provide a user interface experimental model to verify the stability that takes into account the external environment of the touch-screen input on. Further, we simulated to verify that the interface of the touch screen, the effect of applying the input delay time and the size of the button is obtained through the experimental model proposed. It will be able to greatly contribute to studies of the interface robust touch screen user errors that can be analyzed by the experimental model is proposed to improve the ship, the overall system stability.

A major challenge in two-class brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is the low bandwidth of the communication channel, especially while communicating and controlling assistive devices, such as a smart wheelchair or a telepresence mobile robot, which requires multiple motion command options in the form of forward, left, right, backward, and start/stop. To address this, an adaptive user-centric graphical user interface referred to as the intelligent adaptive user interface (iAUI) based on an adaptive shared control mechanism is proposed. The iAUI offers multiple degrees-of-freedom control of a robotic device by providing a continuously updated prioritized list of all the options for selection to the BCI user, thereby improving the information transfer rate. Results have been verified with multiple participants controlling a simulated as well as physical pioneer robot.

" " # $ % # % " ! Keywords : Kinect, motion sensing, user interface, virtual keyboard, virtual mouse ※ 교신저자(Corresponding Author): Il-Hong Jung접수일:2014년 06월 01일, 수정일:2014년 07월 24일완료일:2014년 08월 09일* 대전대학교 컴퓨터공학과Tel: +82-42-280-2548 , Fax: +82-42-280-2889 email: iloveb2@nate.com ** 대전대학교 컴퓨터공학과email: ijung@dju.kr ! "#$%&'()*+,-./012 !34' 56789: ; ! ?=@ABCDEFG HIJ'K$%"KLMNOLP$QRO%SMROTLURV< plqrFcd. =st Fcdul= vwx ylzi $%b_{|4i}~'€5lGZ‚ u ƒ„5 €5lj\†Yl WY3

With the development of the Science and Technology, How to deal with the information by using computer and irrternet has been very important, the process of the human and computer interaction, the use of the visualization of information makes human and computer consistent, and also makes the transmission and access of the information intuitive and vivid. The paper firstly discusses the development process of the visualization of information, and analysis of the importance of the visualization of information in web design, and finally issues the application in web design of the user interface from three aspects that are graphical text, graphical data, and graphical structure.

The plasma control system (PCS) plays a vital role at EAST for fusion science experiments. Its software application consists of two main parts: an IDL graphical user interface for setting a large number of plasma parameters to specify each discharge, several programs for performing the real-time feedback control and managing the whole control system. The PCS user interface can be used from any X11 Windows client with privileged access to the PCS computer system. However, remote access to the PCS system via the IDL user interface becomes an extreme inconvenience due to the high network latency to draw or operate the interfaces. In order to realize lower latency for remote access to the PCS system, a web-based system has been developed for EAST recently. The setup data are retrieved from the PCS system and client-side JavaScript draws the interfaces into the user's browser. The user settings are also sent back to the PCS system for controlling discharges. These technologies allow the web-based user interface to be viewed by authorized users with a web browser and have it communicate with PCS server processes directly. It works together with the IDL interface and provides a new way to aid remote participation.

A model-based user interface automatic generation development method was presented to adapt for user interface development requirement under SaaS environment. This method deployed abstract interface model, transformation model, specific interface model and final interface in different abstract level at running time. So, the server-end could distribute the user interface to the client-end by one time a widow or page. By a case study, this method can satisfy the demands of user interface under SaaS environment, and it is so simple to study and use.

Diverse operating systems and developed platforms of mobile devices are implemented by vendors exist. The software has to be developed by respective environment in designing the user interface of software. For the solution of the inconvenience, this paper proposes an integrated platform 4A DUOS for developing user interface independently. The proposed platform can use web language not dependent on various operating systems, and offer online access to API and component templates to provide the convenience of the user interface design. Also, the server with on board designed user interface implements the service to the user. Therefore, the users can design the independent user interface on various mobile devices by using only one source.

Modern home theater systems require users to control various devices simultaneously including a TV, audio equipment, DVD and video players, and a receiver. To perform the requested user functions in this situation, the user is required to know the functions and positions of the buttons on several remote controls. Users will become more confused if a ubiquitous home environment, which contains many mobile and stationary control devices, is realized. Therefore, the user interface should be adaptable for requested user functions and to fit a specific control device. This paper presents a context-adaptive user interface for the control of devices in ubiquitous home environment. First, we modeled the ubiquitous home environment in order to implement the context-adaptive user interface. We used a Bayesian network to predict the necessary devices in each situation and used a behavior network to select the functions that constitute an adaptive user interface in several conditions. The selected functions were used to generate an adaptive interface for each controller using a presentation template. In this paper, we implemented a ubiquitous home environment and generated a controller usage log for this environment. We confirmed that the Bayesian network effectively predicted the user requirements by evaluating the inferred results of the necessary devices based on several scenarios. Finally, we compared the adaptive user interface with the fixed user interface by surveying fourteen subjects. We confirmed that the generated adaptive user interface was more comfortable for use with typical tasks than was the fixed user interface.

User Interface (UI) tests allow you to test your application from the outside, just as your users would see the application. Every time you decide to run your application on the simulator or device, you are, in effect, testing the UI of your application. Since Xcode 7, Apple has provided the ability to create automated UI tests. These automated UI tests are great at finding regression defects, and used correctly can reduce the regression testing effort for your apps.

The purpose of this study is to focus on “User Interface Design of Electronic Wheelchair.” Two stages were set for this study. First, the questionnaire survey was used to discuss the interface design of an electronic wheelchair; second, the observation method was used to understand the participant’s operation of the electronic wheelchair and its operation time was measured. There were 27 participants in the first stage with convenience sampling from a design college in Far East University. In this stage, 49 icons were designed by the focus group, and the icons were divided based on the following functions: power, alarm, direction, speed adjustment, battery, and stop icon. In the second stage, there were 20 undergraduates with convenience sampling from the same college. All of them had no operation experience of the electronic wheelchair. The results showed that the power icon, alarm icon, speed adjustment icon, and the battery icon demonstrated that the new icons were better than the present icons. The results also showed that there was no significant variation in the usage of the wheelchair between the male and female participants. On the other hand, the correlation analysis performed for the operation concept revealed that the operation of power and the operation of speed adjustment exhibited a high correlation. The left/right operation and the forward/backward operation exhibited a significant direct correlation.

In this chapter, we will explore the design of the graphical user interface (GUI) for pdCalc. Whenever one designs a GUI, a widget platform needs to be selected. As previously noted, I have chosen to use Qt for the creation of the GUI. That said, this is not a how-to chapter on using Qt to design an interface. Rather, I assume that the reader has a working knowledge of Qt, and the chapter itself focuses on design aspects of the GUI. In fact, as much as possible, I will refer the reader to the source code to see detailed aspects of the widget implementations. Any discussion of the Qt implementation is either merely incidental or worthy of particular emphasis. If you have no interest in GUI design, this chapter can be skipped entirely with virtually no loss in continuity.

Interaction with the machines and computers is achieved using user interfaces. Nowadays, with the tremendous growth of technology, the interaction is made more simple and flexible. The study of user interfaces for human-computers and machines interaction is the main focus of this paper. In particular, an extensive overview of different user interfaces available so far is provided. The review covers text-based, graphical-based, and new class of emerging user interfaces to interact with the machines and computers. This work will be helpful for the development of new user interfaces.

This chapter introduces the design of the E-CAT user interface tool. The tool is based on Excel and Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Three different economic consequence options are developed for each type of threat, including a point estimate (Option 1), interval estimate (Option 2) and uncertainty distribution (Option 3). Step-by-step instructions are presented in the User’s Guide in Appendix A.

With the increase in commercial electronic equipment and its complicated control interfaces, how to design an effective and user-friendly control interface has become a topic for many researchers. This research introduces two-directional communication of an interactive graphical user interface on a universal remote control (URC). It is different from current URCs where users must often spend huge amounts of time setting the command codes and encoding each device. With the increase in the number of appliances that the controller needs to manage and the complicated and numerous control buttons, using such controllers often causes difficulties for users. This research employs a cross-platform with integration theories, so when a user wants to connect an appliance, both the appliance end and the controller end will build a two-directional connection through pairing over Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE). After connection, the system will automatically set the communication protocol between the controller and the device. The appliance will automatically transmit its current state and service in the form of bundles to the controller, then the controller will project it onto an LCD screen. The controller can also show the number of appliances connected to the current position of the user, allowing the user to use one controller to control all home appliances with ease, achieving a simplified and instinctive control interface to build the integrated control environment for commercial appliances.

This paper describes a special type of drone called "Flying User Interface", comprised of a robotic projector-camera system, an onboard digital computer connected with the Internet, sensors, and a hardware interface capable of sticking to any surface such as wall, ceilings, etc. Computer further consists of other subsystems, devices, and sensors such as accelerometer, compass, gyroscope, flashlight, etc. Drone flies from one place to another, detects a surface, and attaches itself to it. After a successful attachment, the device stops all its rotators; it then projects or augments images, information, and user interfaces on nearby surfaces and walls. User interface may contain applications, information about object being augmented and information from Internet. User can interact with user-interface using commands and gestures such as hand, body, feet, voice, etc.

We propose a user interface that superimposes a virtual touch panel on a flat surface using an optical see-through head-mounted display and an RGB-D camera. The user can use the interface in a hands-free state, and can perform the operation with both hands. The interface performs markerless superimposition of virtual objects on a real scene. In addition, the interface can recognize three-dimensional information of the user's fingers, allowing the user to operate with the virtual touch panel. We developed some applications in which the user can perform various operations on the virtual touch panel.

As a result of the previous design of a user interface of a smartphone for the visually impaired (VI) user, in this paper, we propose an improved design of the VI user interface which is based on the operation frequency of when a specific user uses a particular smartphone. As a result of the accumulation of the operation frequency of the smartphone function, this design will move this function with the highest frequency of operation to the first position. As a result, the next time a user uses this function with a less time.

Human-machine interaction requires the proposal of new systems, which can be adapted to the needs of the user at any time. This paper proposes the use of natural user interface as an alternative to the traditional contact-based Graphical User Interface. This new interface does not require touching the surface of the device, and thus provides touch-free management of applications in mobile devices. This paper will show the simplicity and efficacy of a natural user interface, in comparison to a Graphical User Interface alternative.