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This study examined the prospective associations among the trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and child executive function (EF) across early and middle childhood, and tested the mediating role of maternal sensitivity in the links between change in maternal depressive symptoms and the growth of child EF. Participants included 1,364 children and mothers from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). We found that maternal depressive symptoms (from 6 months to Grade 5) and sensitivity (from 36 months to Grade 5) decreased, whereas child EF (planning skills; from Grade 1 to 5) increased over time. We also found several direct associations: (a) lower maternal depressive symptoms at 36 months predicted higher sensitivity at 54 months; (b) higher sensitivity at 54 months and a faster decrease in sensitivity from 36 months to Grade 5 predicted higher child EF in Grade 1; and (c) higher sensitivity at 54 months predicted greater growth of EF from Grade 1 to 5. In addition, two mediation effects were found as follows: Lower levels of maternal depressive symptoms at 36 months predicted both higher levels of child EF in Grade 1 and greater growth of EF from Grade 1 to 5 through higher levels of maternal sensitivity at 54 months. The results suggest that early maternal depressive symptoms may have long-term effects on the growth of EF, especially planning skills, during middle childhood, and that one important pathway that maternal depressive symptoms affect child EF outcomes through maternal sensitivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

We consider here how a generalized signaling game may self-assemble as the saliences of the agents evolve by reinforcement on those sources of information that in fact lead to successful action. On the present account, generalized signaling games self-assemble even as the agents coevolve meaningful representations and successful dispositions for using those representations. We will see how reinforcement on successful information sources also provides a mechanism whereby simpler games might compose to form more complex games. Along the way, we consider how an old game might be appropriated to a new context by reinforcement on successful associations between old and new saliences.

This meta-analysis examines the official recidivism effects of two types of community sanctions in youth justice, namely community service and behavioural intervention programmes. Two analyses were conducted: a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and custodial sanctions, versus a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and dismissals. Following a systematic literature search, data extraction and analysis, mean effect sizes were calculated utilizing (log) odds ratio as the main effect measure. To explore heterogeneity, a meta-regression was conducted with four moderator variables: methodological rigour, referral stage, main focus of sanction and sample risk level. The hypotheses were that recidivism would be significantly lower for delinquent youth subject to community sanctions compared with those subject to custodial sanctions, but that differences in recidivism between delinquent youth subject to community sanctions versus dismissals would be insignificant. In total, 23 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion ( Ncust = 7, Ndism = 16). Final results were in favour of the hypotheses, namely, significantly lower recidivism rates for community sanctions compared with custodial sanctions, and no significant differences for community sanctions compared with dismissals. For both comparisons, the 95% confidence interval indicated the effects varied from just below zero to substantially in favour of community sanctions. Finally, moderator analysis revealed that studies of lower methodological quality and mixed referral stages were more likely to report larger effect sizes.

As is well known, implication is transitive but probabilistic support is not. Eells and Sober, followed by Shogenji, showed that screening off is a sufficient constraint for the transitivity of probabilistic support. Moreover, this screening off condition can be weakened without sacrificing transitivity, as was demonstrated by Suppes and later by Roche. In this paper we introduce an even weaker sufficient condition for the transitivity of probabilistic support, in fact one that can be made as weak as one wishes. We explain that this condition has an interesting property: it shows that transitivity is retained even though the Simpson paradox reigns. We further show that by adding a certain restriction the condition can be turned into one that is both sufficient and necessary for transitivity.

HIV incidence among African American (AA) young men who have sex with men (YMSM) has remained stable even though they made up the largest number of new HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2017. HIV spreads at increased rates in dense sexual networks. Identifying the location of risk behaviors "activity spaces" could inform geographically circumscribed HIV prevention interventions. Utilizing the modified social ecological model we completed five semi-structured focus groups incorporating a modified social mapping technique, based on Singer et al.'s approach. Participants included 27 AA YMSM. Focus groups explored how and where HIV transmission happens in Jackson, Mississippi. Result themes included: 1) location of sexual behaviors, 2) knowledge of geographic hotspots of HIV infection in Jackson, and 3) traveling to meet partners: at home and away. HIV transmission or "activity spaces" may be occurring outside identified HIV hot spots. Mixed geospatial and qualitative methods offered a comprehensive assessment of where HIV transmission occurs, and suggests that geographically circumscribed interventions may need to focus on where individuals living with HIV reside and in specific geographic locations where they engage in behaviors that raise their HIV acquisition risks.

Despite a well-established body of research demonstrating that others’ evaluations of a person’s physical attractiveness carry significant meaning, researchers have largely ignored how self-perceptions of physical attractiveness relate to offending behaviors. Applying general strain theory and using eight waves of panel data from the Adolescent Academic Context Study, we explore how self-perceptions of attractiveness relate to offending as youth progress through school. Results demonstrate that youth who perceive themselves as more attractive engage in more—not less—offending. Depression, which is treated as a form of negative affect, does not appear to mediate this relationship. We conclude by raising attention to the possibility that being “good-looking” may actually be a key risk factor for crime.

Place-based blight remediation programs have gained popularity in recent years as a crime reduction approach. This study estimated the impact of a citywide vacant lot greening program in Philadelphia on changes in crime over multiple years, and whether the effects were moderated by nearby land uses. The vacant lot greening program was assessed using quasi-experimental and experimental designs. Entropy distance weighting was used in the quasi-experimental analysis to match control lots to be comparable to greened lots on pre-existing crime trends. Fixed-effects difference-in-differences models were used to estimate the impact of the vacant lot greening program in quasi-experimental and experimental analyses. Vacant lot greening was estimated to reduce total crime and multiple subcategories in both the quasi-experimental and experimental evaluations. Remediating vacant lots had a smaller effect on reducing crime when they were located nearby train stations and alcohol outlets. The crime reductions from vacant lot remediations were larger when they were located near areas of active businesses. There is some suggestive evidence that the effects of vacant lot greening are larger when located in neighborhoods with higher pre-intervention levels of social cohesion. The findings suggest that vacant lot greening provides a sustainable approach to reducing crime in disadvantaged neighborhoods, and the effects may vary by different surrounding land uses. To better understand the mechanisms through which place-based blight remediation interventions reduce crime, future research should measure human activities and neighborly socialization in and around places before and after remediation efforts are implemented.

Children who have been adopted internationally often exhibit persistent behavior problems. The current study assessed the efficacy of the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention (ABC; Dozier & Bernard, 2019 ) for reducing behavior problems in 122 children adopted internationally. Behavior problems were measured via parent-report using the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment at a pre-intervention visit and after the intervention when children were between 18 and 36 months. Children’s behavior problems were also observed using the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS) after the intervention when children were 48 and 60 months. Parents who received ABC reported fewer child behavior problems than parents who received the control intervention immediately after the intervention through 1.5 years post-intervention. Additionally, children whose parents received ABC exhibited fewer behavior problems within the parent context of the DB-DOS when they were 48 months old (2 years post-intervention) than children whose parents received the control intervention. There were no significant intervention effects on children’s observed behavior problems within the examiner contexts. These results support the efficacy of ABC in reducing behavior problems among children adopted internationally. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00816621.

Philosophers of well-being have tended to adopt a foundationalist approach to the question of theory and measurement, according to which theories are conceptually prior to measures. By contrast, social scientists have tended to adopt operationalist commitments, according to which they develop and refine well-being measures independently of any philosophical foundation. Unfortunately, neither approach helps us overcome the problem of coordinating between how we characterize well-being and how we measure it. Instead, we should adopt a coherentist approach to well-being science.

Intuitively, when all goes well, we adopt beliefs based on inference because we realize that their truth is established by the truth of the involved premises. If this intuitive picture of our successful reasoning is correct, then it must be possible that our reasoning is motivated by our sensitivity to the soundness of the involved inference. This paper argues that such a view of ideal reasoning can only be upheld if we accept the minority view that the proper inferential role of our thoughts is individuated in terms of object dependent Fregean senses. I consider respectively Millian, Guise–Fregean, and object dependent Fregean views, and show how only the latter view provides a picture of our theoretical reasoning where sensitivity to soundness can be what motivates a subject’s reasoning.

Callender claims that `time is the great informer' (Callender 2017, chapter 7), meaning that the direction(s) in which our `best' physical theories inform are temporal. This is intended to be a metaphysical claim, and as such expresses a relationship between the physical world and information-gathering systems such as ourselves. This paper gives two counterexamples to this claim, illustrating the fact that time and informative strength doubly dissociate, so the claim cannot be about physical theories in general. The first is a case where physical theories inform in directions that we have no reason to regard as temporal. The second is a case where our best physical theories fail to inform in directions that we have independent (pre-theoretic) reasons to regard as temporal. Taking these two cases into account suggests that the connection Callender makes between time and informativeness is perspectival. The second case demonstrates that, although scientists often seek information in temporal directions, the behaviour of the physical world can present serious difficulties for finding it. In response, this paper proposes a perspectival reading of Callender's claim, according to which the connection between time and informative strength has more to do with the aims and objectives of science than the workings of the physical world.

Applying a conceptual framework of hyphenation, understood as the organization of racialized subjects, this paper investigates rhetorical strategies for working existing hyphens as practiced within an Action Aid Denmark initiative to train young people to become public opinion leaders in anti-discrimination matters. We identify three such rhetorical strategies: (1) Silencing: Racialized subjects are organized by majority voices that speak of/for ‘the Other’; the training explicitly seeks to change the organization of public debate by working this hyphen. (2) Positioning: The main strategy for working the hyphen, as taught in the course, is to speak from a minority position, but in a manner that is recognizable to the majority. Thus, non-white participants are trained to speak with white voice; they become exceptions to the rule, tokens or role models when telling their stories in a scripted manner. And (3) Representing: In telling their own stories, the aspiring opinion leaders come to speak for racialized subjects as a group. Thus, the course (unwittingly) reproduces the current racialized organization of public space in the form of ‘benign discrimination’. On the basis of this analysis, the article advances postcolonial organization studies by demonstrating that hyphenation cannot be overcome, but must be engaged in a continuous process of re-working the hyphen. Thus, the task of researchers and practitioners alike is to show the constraints of current hyphenations and find strategies for organizing subjects in more equal and open relations.

This article presents a case study of media literacy deployment in contemporary media regulation through interviews with New Zealand’s Chief Censor and other key staff members in the Office of Film and Literature Classification. The interviews offer an account of how media literacy came to be adopted as a prominent strategy within their policy remit. This article explores how the institutional narrative reconciles their media literacy approaches and core classification work, finding four key discursive and practical strategies: integrating, expanding, reconceptualizing and reasserting relevance. The analysis also reveals how the standpoint of media as a site of potential harm shapes the meaning of media literacy in this institutional context. This case study provides insight into the utility of media literacy for contemporary media regulation, examining how a classification agency navigates change and continuity in the face of a challenging and rapidly evolving media landscape.

The responsivity principle is a vital element in the risk-need-responsivity model. The working alliance is a good illustration of the intention of this responsivity principle. In this study, we examine the influence of the working alliance (WAMCI) between 199 offenders and probation officers on recidivism. Data for this longitudinal study originate from adult probation services in the Netherlands. The association between the working alliance factors and recidivism was analyzed using a Cox regression. Offenders who reported more Trust in the relationship with their Probation Officer after 9 months community supervision showed less recidivism in the subsequent 4-year follow-up period. This association remained significant when controlled for criminal history, age, gender, ethnicity, family status, employment and addiction problems. Offenders who reported more reactance showed significantly more recidivism in the follow-up period, but this association was accounted for criminal history variables. These results can be regarded as an extension of the responsivity principle; a trusting relationship may be needed to create a space in which the client becomes engaged in a changing process.

We propose a new account of calibration according to which calibrating a technique shows that the technique does what it is supposed to do. To motivate our account, we examine an early 20th century debate about chlorophyll chemistry and Mikhail Tswett’s use of chromatographic adsorption analysis to study it. We argue that Tswett’s experiments established that his technique was reliable in the special case of chlorophyll without relying on either a theory or a standard calibration experiment. We suggest that Tswett broke the Experimenters’ Regress by appealing to material facts in the common ground for chemists at the time.

We discuss the proposal by Sebens and Carroll to derive the Born rule in Everettian quantum mechanics from a principle they call ‘ESP-QM’. We argue that the proposal fails: ESP-QM is not, as Sebens and Carroll argue, a ‘less general version’ of an independently plausible principle, ESP, and can only be motivated by the empirical success of quantum mechanics, including use of the Born rule. Therefore, ESP-QM cannot have the status of a meta-theoretical principle of reasoning and provides no viable basis for deriving the Born rule.

The institutionalisation of new technologies, information systems, norms, practices and other innovations for improving governance, planning, operational efficiency and service delivery in the public sector remain a challenge. Power dynamics, and politics have also been recognised as playing a critical role in the institutionalisation of information systems for promoting digital transformation of the public sector. This study used data collected through an extensive review of literature and empirical data from a case study of South Africa’s government digital transformation journey. The study explored power dynamics and the role of politics in the institutionalisation of reforms and deinstitutionalisation of institutionalised practices that constrain transformation in institutions. Power dynamics, and politics in institutions were found to have a significant bearing on the institutionalisation of reforms that include information systems in the digital transformation of government. The study found that the digital transformation of the public is more than the implementation technology and requires the holistic view of institutions as social, economic, and political structures.

This research mainly aims to explore the factors that influence users' continuous use of mobile libraries. The findings of this study will provide empirical evidence to help improve the service and information quality of mobile libraries. Moreover, suggestions for optimization are provided with the objective of meeting user demands at its maximum. A theoretical model is constructed to reveal the impact of 11 influencing factors on users' continuous use of mobile libraries. Structural equation modeling is adopted to verify the theoretical model and research hypothesis based on the valid data obtained from a questionnaire survey. The study found that personalized services and information availability have positive impacts on the service quality of mobile libraries. Moreover, perceived mobility and information quality have positive impacts on the perceived usability of mobile libraries. Finally, perceived usability, service quality, and platform stability have significantly positive impacts on the willingness of users to continue usage of mobile libraries.

Approximately every five years, a group of database researchers meet to do a self-assessment of our community, including reflections on our impact on the industry as well as challenges facing our research community. This report summarizes the discussion and conclusions of the 9th such meeting, held during October 9-10, 2018 in Seattle.

The identification of reliable terms from domain-specific corpora using computational methods is a task that has to be validated manually by specialists, which is a highly time-consuming activity. To reduce this effort and improve term candidate selection, we implemented the Token Slot Recognition method, a filtering method based on terminological tokens which is used to rank extracted term candidates from domain-specific corpora. This paper presents the implementation of the term candidates filtering method we developed in linguistic and statistical approaches applied for automatic term extraction using several domain-specific corpora in different languages. We observed that the filtering method outperforms term candidate selection by ranking a higher number of terms at the top of the term candidate list than raw frequency, and for statistical term extraction the improvement is between 15% and 25% both in precision and recall. Our analyses further revealed a reduction in the number of term candidates to be validated manually by specialists. In conclusion, the number of term candidates extracted automatically from domain-specific corpora has been reduced significantly using the Token Slot Recognition filtering method, so term candidates can be easily and quickly validated by specialists. La identificación de términos apropiados de corpus específicos de dominio utilizando métodos computacionales es una tarea que debe ser validada manualmente por especialistas, lo cual es una actividad que consume mucho tiempo. Para reducir este esfuerzo y mejorar la selección de los términos candidatos, implementamos el método Token Slot Recognition, un método de filtrado basado en tokens terminológicos que se utiliza para clasificar candidatos de términos extraídos de corpus específicos de dominio. Este artículo presenta la implementación del término con un método de filtrado de candidatos que desarrollamos en los enfoques lingüísticos y estadísticos aplicados para la extracción automática de términos utilizando varios corpus específicos de dominio en diferentes idiomas. Observamos que el método de filtrado supera la selección de candidatos a término al clasificar un mayor número de términos en la lista de candidatos a término que la frecuencia sin procesar, y para la extracción de términos estadísticos la mejora es entre 15% y 25% tanto en precisión como en recuperación. Nuestros análisis revelaron además una reducción en el número de candidatos a término para ser validados manualmente por especialistas. En conclusión, el número de candidatos a término extraídos automáticamente de corpus específicos del dominio se ha reducido significativamente utilizando el método de filtrado Token Slot Recognition, por lo que los candidatos a término pueden ser validados fácil y rápidamente por especialistas. La identificació de termes apropiats de corpus específics de domini utilitzant mètodes computacionals és una tasca que ha de ser validada manualment per especialistes, la qual cosa és una activitat que consumeix molt temps. Per reduir aquest esforç i millorar la selecció dels termes candidats, implementem el mètode Token Slot Recognition, un mètode de filtrat basat en tokens terminològics que s'utilitza per classificar candidats de termes extrets de corpus específics de domini. Aquest article presenta la implementació del terme amb un mètode de filtrat de candidats que desenvolupem en els enfocaments lingüístics i estadístics aplicats per a l'extracció automàtica de termes utilitzant diversos corpus específics de domini en diferents idiomes. Observem que el mètode de filtrat supera la selecció de candidats a terme en classificar un major nombre de termes en la llista de candidats a terme que la freqüència sense processar, i per a l'extracció de termes estadístics la millora és entre 15% i 25% tant en precisió com en recuperació. Les nostres anàlisis van revelar a més una reducció en el nombre de candidats a terme per ser validats manualment per especialistes. En conclusió, el nombre de candidats a terme extrets automàticament de corpus específics del domini s'ha reduït significativament utilitzant el mètode de filtrat Token Slot Recognition, per la qual cosa els candidats a terme poden ser validats fàcil i ràpidament per especialistes.

As cultural institutions are digitizing their artifacts and interlinking their collections, new opportunities emerge to engage with cultural heritage. However, it is the often comprehensive and complex nature of collections that can make it difficult to grasp their distribution and extent across a variety of dimensions. After a brief introduction to the research area of collection visualizations, this paper presents a design study visualizing an aggregated collection from diverse cultural institutions in Germany. We detail our iterative design process leading to prototypical implementations of four stylistically and functionally coordinated visualizations, each one focusing on different facets of the collection.

While disasters are considered a rupture of the established gender order, they rarely result in its profound change. This paper contributes to a proper understanding of its perpetuation. It suggests to take a disaster as a framework for action that is symbolically shaped by gender expectations. Within this framework, the gender order is reproduced through practices that affirm and reinforce these expectations and, thus, impede the gender-neutralising potential of a practical deviation from these expectations. This is illustrated by revisiting 20 guided interviews from a case study on a mudslide disaster in Austria.

The objective of the study was to establish the actors’ roles and functions in improved rice varieties innovation system in the Eastern Zone of Tanzania. The target population samples for the study comprised of household heads (n = 340) and other key identified actors (n = 99). The research design was a convergent parallel mixed method. Face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and documentary review were used to collect the data. The findings indicate weak or inability of Agricultural Seed Agency, TANSEED International Ltd, Quality Declared Seed producers in seed multiplication and distribution and agro-dealers were not selling quality rice seeds, thereby resulting in low availability and high prices of the same. Also, the findings show weak participation of farmers, agro-dealers, traders and millers in the functions of guidance of the search and rice varieties development, and the limited number of market actors and weak credit mobilization for farmers to invest in IRVs. The study recommends for the Government of Tanzania to create enabling environment that enhances participation of all key actors in the processes of guidance of the search and rice varieties development; linking farmers with external markets; and enhancing the farmers’ access to credit facilities by working on the obstacles hampering farmers from accessing loans from financial institutions.

RESUMO Introdução: Considerado atributo de uma sociedade contemporânea mais democrática, igualitária e justa, o acesso à informação é um direito constitucionalmente garantido a todo cidadão. Objetivo: Assim, este estudo foi realizado com profissionais vinculados ao Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC), objetivando conhecer o perfil do (a) gestor (a) desse serviço, bem como sua satisfação em relação ao desempenho de suas funções profissionais nesse ambiente de trabalho. Metodologia: Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa caracteriza-se por sua natureza, predominantemente, qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários. Resultados: Entre os objetivos alcançados na pesquisa, destaca-se o perfil dos profissionais responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do e-SIC: a maioria tem entre 41 e 50 anos, é do sexo feminino, pertence a diferentes profissões, como, por exemplo, advogado e delegado, e atua de um a dois anos nesse ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: Verificou-se, também, que, apesar das barreiras encontradas, os (as) gestores (as) do e-SIC desempenham suas funções satisfatoriamente e consideram o Sistema como uma ferramenta de poder entre a sociedade e o setor público, o que possibilita mais controle e comunicação social e contribui significativamente com a população. ABSTRACT Introduction: Considered an attribute of a more democratic, egalitarian and fair contemporary society, access to information is a constitutionally guaranteed right for every citizen. Objective: Therefore, this study was conducted with professionals linked to the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service (e-SIC), with the purpose of knowing the profile of the manager of this service, as well as his/her satisfaction in relation to the performance of his/her professional duties in this work environment. Methodology: As for the methodological procedures, the research is characterized by its nature, predominantly qualitative of the descriptive type. The data were collected by means of questionnaires. Results: Among the objectives achieved in the survey, the profile of the professionals responsible for the management of e-SIC stands out: most of them are between 41 and 50 years old, are female, belong to different professions, such as lawyer and delegate, and work from one to two years in this work environment. Conclusion: It has also been found that, despite the barriers encountered, the e-SIC managers perform their functions satisfactorily and consider the System as a power tool between society and the public sector, which enables more control and social communication and contributes significantly to the population.

Submitted by Raymundo N Machado (raymacha@ufba.br) on 2021-08-12T12:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8662072-Texto do artigo-91898-2-10-20210205.pdf: 576018 bytes, checksum: 1c4f2919bcdff3fe1dc5af5acec4e771 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Érica Santana (paixaosantana@hotmail.com) on 2021-08-12T14:06:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 8662072-Texto do artigo-91898-2-10-20210205.pdf: 576018 bytes, checksum: 1c4f2919bcdff3fe1dc5af5acec4e771 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-12T14:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 8662072-Texto do artigo-91898-2-10-20210205.pdf: 576018 bytes, checksum: 1c4f2919bcdff3fe1dc5af5acec4e771 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Estudo financiado pelo Edital PROPCI/PROPG –UFBA 004/2016 – Programa de Apoio a Jovens Professores Doutores–PROPESQ Introdução/Objetivo: Estudo de natureza quantitativa-descritiva, que teve como objetivo básico obter uma visão da produtividade científica brasileira na área de células-tronco, no período de 2001 a 2019, por meio dos indicadores bibliométricos de produção científica. Metodologia: considerou-se como unidade de análise os artigos originais e indexados na Web of Science, contemplando pelo menos um autor com afiliação brasileira. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam um crescimento, que acompanha o cenário mundial, do número de artigos (4.675) e autores (25.050), com tendência pela autoria múltipla (99,25%). Cinco periódicos se destacam, pelo número de artigos publicados: o Plos One (128), Scientific Reports (65), Stem Cell Research & Therapy (55),Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (54) e Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (49). Conclusão: as pesquisas foram concentradas em hematologia até 2005 e, a partir de 2006, a biologia celular passou a ocupar a centralidade dos estudos e pesquisas, tanto nacionalmente como mundialmente. ABSTRACT Introduction/Objective: Quantitative-descriptive study, whose aim was to obtain a scientific production overview in Brazilian stem cells area, in the period from 2001 to 2019, through bibliometrics indicators of scientific production. Methodology: It has considered original and indexed articles on the Web of Science, including less one Brazilian author. Results: The results showed an increase, like the world scenario, the number of articles (4.675) and authors (25.050), with a tendency for multiple authorship (99.25%). Five periodicals highlighted by the number of articles published o Plos One (128), Scientific Reports (65), Stem Cell Research & Therapy (55), Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (54) and Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (49). Conclusion: The research was concentrated in the hematology area until 2005 and, cell biology started to occupy the centrality of studies and research both nationally and worldwide since 2006. Campinas, SP

RESUMO Introdução: A preservação digital tem sido uma das preocupações de diversas áreas do conhecimento, em espe cial da Ciência da Informação que, por meio da adoção e do uso efetivo dos metadados e dos padrõ es de metadados disponíveis oferece respaldo para o tratamento de recursos em ambientes digitais. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa consiste no estudo do padrão de meta dados PREMIS e sua relação com os Cloud Services. Metodologia: A Revisão Sistemática da Literatura foi o método que possibilitou a construção de um referencial teórico consolidado da relação do padrão de metadados PREMIS para a preservação digital em Cloud Services . Resultados: Como resultados, são apresentadas as discu ssões, as ações e as iniciativas encontradas na literatu ra científica internacional que versam sobre o uso de padrões de metadados em Cloud Service , bem como os casos que abordam o PREMIS, na perspectiva dos Cloud Services; além disso, o estudo da relação das unidades semânticas do Dicionário de Dados PREMIS em Cloud Services. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, diante do cenário tecnológico vigente, caracterizado pela heterogeneidade de recursos informacionais, o Dicionário de Dados PRE MIS com suas unidades semânti cas apres enta importância capital para o estabelecimento da preserv ação digital em Cloud Services. ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital preservation has been one of the concerns of several areas of knowledge, espec ially Information Science, which, through the adoption and effective use of metadata and available metadata standards, supports the treatment of resources in digital environments. Objective: The objective of this research is to study the PREMIS metadata standard and its relationship with Cloud Services. Methodology: The Systema tic Literature Review was the method that enabled the constructi on of a consolidated theoretical reference of the PREMIS metadata standard relationship for digital preservation in Cloud Services. Results: As a result , the discussions, actions, and initiatives found in the international scientific literature that deal with the use of metadata standards in Cloud Service are presented, as well as the cases that address PREMIS, from the perspective of Cloud Services; in a ddition, the study of the relationship o f the seman tic units of the PREMIS Data Dictionary in Clou d Services. Conclusion: It is concluded that, in view of the current technological scenario, characterized by the heterogeneity of information resources, the PREMIS Data Dictionary with its semantic units is o f paramount importance for the establishment of digital preservation in Cloud Services.

Fabrication spaces (fab-spaces), such as TechShops or Fab Labs, provide access to sophisticated digital manufacturing technologies to individuals. They could be a new institutional context which influences entrepreneurial behaviour. To understand how this might happen, we used a grounded approach to examine the experience of eight individuals who have benefitted from fab-spaces to push forward their entrepreneurial ventures. This examination led to the development of new hypotheses regarding the potential role of fab-spaces in the entrepreneurial journey. In particular, it has emerged that fab-spaces might affect the entry phase of a new venture by lowering the 'perception of performance' threshold. Fab-spaces also affect post-entry barriers, as they provide an opportunity to entrepreneurs for fast learning, and consequently, to establish effective routines. However, this paper also shows how these positive effects might be moderated by fab-spaces' institutional setup, chiefly their location and cultural characteristics.

Bei der Durchsicht des Nachlasses von Rudolf Tomaschek (1895-1966) fand ich ein 30 Seiten umfassendes Typoskript seines damaligen Assistenten Hugo Watzlawek (1912-1995) aus dem Jahr 1944 mit dem Titel „Interatomare Energie“. Heute würde man eher von „inneratomarer Energie“, oder von „Kernenergie“ sprechen, da der Inhalt des Typoskripts „technische Kernphysik“ einschließlich ihrer potentiellen militärischen Anwendungen betrifft. Der Text bietet einen ungefilterten, erstaunlich kenntnisreichen, aber in vielem auch erschreckenden Einblick in die technokratische Gedankenwelt sowie den Wissensstand und Anwendungshorizont eines „technischen Kernphysikers“ im „Dritten Reich“, der unter Verweis auf konkurrierende amerikanische Forschungen 1944 nachdrücklich um weitere Mittel für kernphysikalische und -technische Forschung sowie für die Entwicklung von Kernwaffen bittet. Der vorliegende Aufsatz kommentiert und kontextualisiert das Typoskript; meine ebenfalls online gestellte annotierte Transkription des Typoskriptes bietet ungekürzten Zugang zum Originaltext samt knapper, für dessen Verständnis notwendiger historischer und technischer Erläuterungen., Projekt DEAL

Although several studies have documented a distinct marriage advantage in well-being, it is still unclear what it is about marriage that renders this benefit. We hypothesize that it is due to factors theorized to accrue to matrimony, such as elevated financial status and specific social psychological supports. We examine the trajectory of subjective well-being for 1135 respondents from the three-wave 2010 GSS panel survey utilizing linear mixed-effects modeling. We find that about two-fifths of the marriage advantage in subjective well-being is accounted for by a mixture of control variables, finances, and emotional factors, with most of this due to elements that are associated with the marital context. Higher annual income, enhanced interpersonal trust, greater sociability, and less of a sense of loneliness and isolation appear to be responsible for a substantial component of the marital advantage. We further find that the marriage advantage is invariant to both race and gender.

Canada has engaged in a range of efforts to stop human trafficking within and across it borders. Federal and provincial governments have spent considerable funds in this regard, and have studied the issue to come up with perceived solutions. In this article, we explore Canada’s two national House of Commons standing committee consultations on trafficking, in 2006 and 2018. Using critical discourse analysis to examine the consultation transcripts and written briefs, we identified several significant shifts in both the language used and the areas of focus advanced by witnesses, in particular: the modified emphasis from international to domestic trafficking; the changing nature of vulnerability and victimhood; and an increased focus on youth sexual exploitation. We propose that what is being expressed is an iteration of Canadian sexualized nationalism and national sexual morality. These results have policy implications, especially with respect to promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies at a time when there are mounting pressures to restrict migration that often dovetail with concerns over human trafficking. Indeed, the way concerns over trafficking are expressed in Canada appears as a fear over women’s sexual agency and vulnerability as well as a need protect “our” boundaries from incursion, whether territorial or moral.

Canadian prison-based arts and other programming are limited at best. Even the country’s Correctional Investigator, or prison-ombudsperson, has critiqued the lack of meaningful options in which prisoners can engage. Those programs that do exist tend to be focused on the logic of penal rehabilitation, with the end goal of reducing recidivism. In this article, we showcase the evaluation of a 9-week arts program in a women’s prison, the aim of which was to build community and foster artistic engagement, thus running counter to normative carceral logics.

This article argues that strong policy frameworks are required to support the health and well-being of sex workers, disabled people, and disabled sex workers. Through an examination of the context of sex work in Canada, we articulate the flaws of sex work criminalization and the persistent barriers that criminalization creates. Our analysis of the intersection of disabled sexuality and access to sexual services identifies how the sex industry can aid in the flourishing of the erotic lives of disabled people. The article culminates in a discussion of the benefits of sex work decriminalization for sex workers, disabled people, and disabled sex workers.

Virtually, all large-scale family surveys in the United States and Europe have yielded a positive view of family ties in contemporary societies. The present study examines whether surveys like these are affected by selective nonresponse. Are people with negative family ties less likely to participate in surveys, and if so, to what extent does this yield a biased descriptive view of family solidarity? Using a novel multiactor design with matched register data, we examine the determinants of nonresponse of the parents of adult children aged 25–45 in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals significant effects of the strength of parent–child ties on parental nonresponse, especially for fathers. Moreover, we find negative effects of divorce on father’s participation and this effect is stronger when family ties are weak. While these findings support the hypothesis of selective nonresponse, the magnitude of the effects is small and descriptive findings on family ties change only modestly when correcting for selective nonresponse.

Body image concerns typically affect women more so than men, but there is reason to believe that this pattern may depend on sexual orientation. The present study examined differences in levels of body satisfaction among men and women who identified as heterosexual, plurisexual (bisexual and pansexual), gay, and lesbian, using data from a large-scale national probability sample from New Zealand (N = 17,005). As expected, heterosexual men reported higher body satisfaction than heterosexual women. Gay and plurisexual men reported lower body satisfaction than heterosexual men. Gay men also reported lower body satisfaction than lesbian women, and did not differ significantly from heterosexual and plurisexual women. Ratings of heterosexual, plurisexual, and lesbian women’s body satisfaction did not differ significantly. Results held when adjusting for a range of demographic covariates (including age and BMI), and highlight the importance of examining the psychological and health outcomes associated with poor body image among gay men. These findings emphasize the relevance of sexual orientation in understanding men’s body image-related issues.

The paper offers an argument against an intuitive reading of the Stone-von Neumann theorem as a categoricity result, thereby pointing out that, against what is usually taken to be the case, this theorem does not entail any model-theoretical difference between the theories that validate it and those that don't., 20 pages

This paper defends three claims about concrete or physical models: (i) these models remain important in science and engineering, (ii) they are often essentially idealized, in a sense to be ...

The foremost goal of conducting an investigative interview is to obtain as much accurate information as possible. To achieve this, investigators employ a variety of interviewing techniques. Kelly et al. (Psychol Public Policy Law 19:165–178, 2013) proposed a taxonomy interviewing techniques, grouping them into six domains (i.e., Rapport and Relationship Building, Context Manipulation, Emotion Provocation, Collaboration, Confrontation/Competition, and Presentation of Evidence). In this study, we focused on assessing the Context Manipulation domain (e.g., considering seating arrangements, time of day, clothing). Specifically, we sought to examine police investigators’ use and beliefs about the effectiveness of context manipulation techniques. A sample of 81 police investigators completed the survey. Our findings provide evidence that investigators believe the interview setting to have importance and are already employing some context manipulation techniques in their practice. Techniques mentioned most often were related to seating arrangement, investigators’ clothing, and item availability for suspects (e.g., water, coffee). This survey also provides evidence that investigators are receptive to using context manipulation techniques in their practice, despite how little they are currently taught during trainings. Understanding what context manipulation techniques investigators use and believe to be useful in their interviewing practice may have implications for future training, as well as for the (re)design of interview rooms.

Absolutism about mass within Newtonian gravity claims that mass ratios obtain in virtue of absolute masses. Comparativism denies this. Defenders of comparativism promise to recover all the ...

I consider how complex logical operations might self-assemble in a signalling-game context via composition of simpler underlying dispositions. On the one hand, agents may take advantage of pre-evolved dispositions; on the other hand, they may co-evolve dispositions as they simultaneously learn to combine them to display more complex behaviour. In either case, the evolution of complex logical operations can be more efficient than evolving such capacities from scratch. Showing how complex phenomena like these might evolve provides an additional path to the possibility of evolving more or less rich notions of compositionality. This helps provide another facet of the evolutionary story of how sufficiently rich, human-level cognitive or linguistic capacities may arise from simpler precursors.

I argue that philosophical issues concerning reductive explanations help constrain the construction of quantum theories with appropriate state spaces. I illustrate this general proposal with two examples of restricting attention to physical states in quantum theories: regular states and symmetry-invariant states.

Extant studies of theory evaluation rely on hindsight even though editors' entreaties are meant to be studied ex ante and applied in real time. The authors elaborate on the definitional requirements of theory and ways to appraise it. The authors present a synoptic chronology of the main trends in management theory evaluation, and discuss the methodological differences between formal theories and actual management schemes. This discussion leads us to adopt a constructivist perspective and replace “Popperian falsifiability” when inapplicable to management. The authors then introduce the concept of adaptive framing as a tripartite process subsuming the criteria of novelty, practicability and extendibility through consistency, which the authors argue to be the necessary requirements for perfectible theory-building in management.

This multi-level meta-analysis tested if evidence-based trauma treatment was effective in reducing trauma symptoms and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents. Based on eight independent samples and 75 effect sizes, results indicated that Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) had a large and significant overall effect ( d = 0.909) on reducing trauma symptoms and externalizing behavior problems. Trauma treatment significantly decreased trauma symptoms (large effect) and externalizing behavior problems (medium effect). Age and type of control group moderated treatment effects. Treatment was more effective in older adolescents. Trauma treatment for adolescents with externalizing behavior problems had a larger effect compared to no treatment, but not compared to treatment as usual. It seems important to provide a broad treatment offer for adolescents with severe externalizing behavior problems, in which, besides trauma treatment, attention is paid to reducing relevant individual risk factors for behavior problems.

Digital labour platforms have become important sites of negotiation between expressions of micro-entrepreneurship, worker freedom and dignity of work. In the Global South, these negotiations are overlaid on an already fraught relationship mediated by the dynamics of caste and culture, to the usual politics of difference. Urban Company (UC), an app-based, on-demand platform in India that connects service providers offering home-based services to potential customers, lists professionalised services that have hitherto been considered part of a ‘culture of servitude’, performed by historically marginalised groups afforded little dignity of labour. Such platforms offer the possibility of disrupting the entrenched ‘master-servant’ relationship that exists in many traditional cultures in the Global South by their ostensibly professional approach. While service providers now have the opportunity for self-employment and gain ‘respectability’ by being associated with the platform, UC claims to have leveraged AI to automate discipline in everything the providers do. Using interviews with UC women service providers involved in beauty work and software development engineers, this paper explores the agency afforded to service partners in both professional and personal spheres. Further, we propose the term blended cultures to think about the ways in which algorithms and human cultures mutually (re)make each other.

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la factibilidad de implementar una intervencion grupal multifamiliar, basada en la comunidad, en una poblacion semirrural en Aranzazu, en el norte de Caldas, Colombia. Metodos Estudio cualitativo. Se tomo una muestra de conveniencia de 10 familias con ninos con alteraciones afectivas y conductuales, previamente identificados mediante la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Se adapto a la cultura y a las necesidades de las familias el modelo de Psicoterapia Psicoeducativa Multifamiliar (MF-PEP). Resultados Se describen los contenidos de las sesiones, los temas y las experiencias que fueron mas significativos para los ninos y sus familias. Conclusiones La adecuacion al contexto cultural de la intervencion multifamiliar tuvo una muy buena aceptacion de los participantes, tanto cuidadores como ninos y terapeutas.

There is a growing body of evidence that the syndemic health inequalities in the areas of mental health and substance and alcohol use in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual (LGBT) people can drive greater inequalities in sexual health. This is a diverse population where additional individual behavioural factors and wider structural socioeconomic and legal factors also play a part. Lesbian women have increased susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis, while trans women and gay and bisexual men have greater vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus compared with cis-gendered heterosexuals. Consideration must be given to non-genital clinical examination and sampling according to sexual history. Cultural competence and holistic clinical assessments, which include assessments of mental health, substance and alcohol use, can enable opportunities for interventions to prevent transmission of infection and improved well-being.

This study examined if and for whom prosecution of politicians for hate speech undermines support for the legal system and democracy. Three research designs were combined to investigate the case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders, who was convicted for hate speech against minorities in 2016. First, an experiment showed that observing a guilty verdict decreased support among ‘assimilationists’ who oppose the multicultural society. This deterioration of support was found among the entire group of assimilationists, regardless of whether they voted for Wilders. Secondly, a quasi-experiment demonstrated that assimilationists who were interviewed after Wilders' conviction indicated less support than those who were interviewed before the verdict and compared to a pre-test. Thirdly, a nine-year panel study suggested that these effects accumulate into long-term discontent. This case therefore demonstrates that hate speech prosecution can damage the democratic system it is intended to defend.

El artículo presenta un balance de la participación del movimiento evangélico-pentecostal en la política electoral colombiana, en el periodo 1991-2014. Describe la génesis de la participación electoral de este movimiento religioso y da cuenta de la trayectoria de sus principales líderes y organizaciones políticas (partidos o movimientos). Presenta las estrategias que estos han implementado para aprovechar su autoridad religiosa en el campo electoral. Finalmente, hace un balance de los logros del movimiento pentecostal en la política electoral y de las razones que han impedido la consolidación de un único movimiento político que represente los intereses de este movimiento religioso. This article presents a balance upon the participation of the evangelic-Pentecostal movement in the Colombian electoral politics between 1991-2014. It describes the genesis of the electoral participation of this religious movement telling about the track record of its main leaders and political organizations (parties or movements). It presents the strategies implemented to benefit from its religious authority in the electoral field. It finally brings about a balance of achievements of the Pentecostal movement within the electoral politics and any reasons preventing the consolidation of a sole political movement representing the interests of this religious movement. Este artigo apresenta um balanço da participação do movimento evangélico-pentecostal na política eleitoral desse movimento religioso e mostra a trajetória de seus principais líderes e organizações políticas (partidos ou movimentos). Apresenta as estratégias que estes vêm implantando para aproveitar sua autoridade religiosa no campo eleitoral. Finalmente, faz um balanço das conquistas do movimento pentecostal na política eleitoral e das razões que têm impedido a consolidação de um único movimento político que represente os interesses desse movimento religioso.

This manuscript presents a topological argumentation framework for modelling notions of evidence-based (i.e., justified) belief. Our framework relies on so-called topological evidence models to represent the pieces of evidence that an agent has at her disposal, and it uses abstract argumentation theory to select the pieces of evidence that the agent will use to define her beliefs. The tools from abstract argumentation theory allow us to model agents who make decisions in the presence of contradictory information. Thanks to this, it is possible to define two new notions of beliefs, grounded beliefs and fully grounded beliefs. These notions are discussed in this paper, analysed and compared with the existing notion of topological justified belief. This comparison revolves around three main issues: closure under conjunction introduction, the level of consistency and their logical strength.

Este artículo muestra cómo los viajes científicos contribuyen decisivamente a la construcción de la autoridad experta. Un ejemplo de esto se puede observar al estudiar el trabajo del químico José Casares Gil (1866-1961), que, junto a otros científicos españoles, realizó numerosos viajes a diversos países europeos y latinoamericanos. Algunos tenían objetivos formativos y académicos, pero otros estaban relacionados con la diplomacia y la mediación cultural en diferentes espacios. Además, formó parte de instituciones que impulsaron los intercambios científicos persiguiendo la renovación de las prácticas pedagógicas de la química en España y en América. Pero también fue un químico que desarrolló vínculos y redes de contactos entre diversos países, los cuales beneficiaban tanto a las instituciones involucradas como a los propios expertos que fortalecían su autoridad científica. This article shows how scientific travels contribute decisively to the construction of expert authority. An example of this can be observed in studying the work of the chemist José Casares Gil (18661961), who, together with other Spanish scientists, made several trips to European and Latin American countries. Some had formative and academic objectives, but others were related to diplomacy and cultural mediation in different spaces. Furthermore, he formed part of institutions that promoted scientific exchanges to modernize pedagogical practices in the teaching of chemistry in Spain and in America. But he was also a chemist who developed links and networks of contacts among a variety of different countries, which benefited both the institutions involved and the experts themselves who thereby strengthened their own scientific authority. este artigo mostra como as viagens científicas contribuem decisivamente para a construção da autoridade especializada. Um exemplo disso pode ser observado ao estudar o trabalho do químico José Casares Gil (1866-1961), que, junto com outros cientistas espanhóis, realizou inúmeras viagens a diversos países europeus e latino-americanos. Alguns tinham objetivos formativos e acadêmicos, mas outros estavam relacionados com a diplomacia e a mediação cultural em diferentes espaços. Além disso, ele fez parte de instituições que promoveram os intercâmbios científicos que perseguiam a renovação das práticas pedagógicas da química na Espanha e na América. Também foi um químico que desenvolveu vínculos e redes de contatos entre diversos países que beneficiavam tanto as instituições envolvidas quanto os próprios especialistas que fortaleciam sua autoridade científica.