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Було обстежено 196 працівників сфери охорони неврологічного й психічного здоров’я, які упродовж 30 днів вживали Мемопрув (EVER Pharma). Було визначено, що синдром емоційного вигорання спостерігався в 68,4 % лікарів. Встановлено, що в механізмах формування емоційного вигорання провідну роль відіграють переживання психотравмуючих чинників, редукція професійних обов’язків, неадекватне емоційне реагування, розширення сфери економії емоцій, емоційна й особистісна відстороненість. Доведена ефективність Мемопруву для подолання астенії (фізичної і психічної), підвищення активності й мотивації, а також покращення процесу уваги й працездатності в осіб із синдромом емоційного вигорання.

PurposeThe Responsible Care programme was first introduced in Canada in 1985 and now is implemented worldwide as one of the chemical industries' commitments to improve the industries' public image as well as their performance in health, safety and environmental aspects. In Malaysia, the Responsible Care programme has been implemented since 1994 with a current total of 148 companies pledged to implement it in their company; however, the effectiveness of the programme remains unknown. Hence, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the Responsible Care programme in improving performance in the environment, health and safety in terms of documentation, training, selection processes and stakeholders' engagement for the sustainability of chemical industries.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to the Responsible Care signatory companies in Malaysia. Of these, a total of 132 member companies either produced or provided services related to chemical products.FindingsThe majority of signatory companies agreed that the Responsible Care programme did improve their performance in the environment, health and safety. Besides that, the signatory companies were also keeping up their commitment to ensuring documentation, training, selection process and stakeholders' engagement run smoothly in line with Responsible Care's mission.Originality/valueAfter more than two decades of implementation in Malaysia, it is important to assess the Responsible Care programme's effectiveness. As an increasing number of chemical firms, without good management, it will possibly pose a danger to the environment and human health and safety. Through assessment, advances in Responsible Care management practices will considerably increase programme effectiveness in terms of environmental health and safety.

Background. GXN tablets are composed of Danshen and Chuanxiong, with the functions of activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, invigorating the pulse, and nourishing the heart, which are used for CHD patients with stable exertional angina Grade I or II (according to traditional Chinese medicine, it is a syndrome of heart and blood stasis with chest pain and dark purple lips and tongue). Clinical trials have shown satisfactory effects on coronary heart disease (CHD). 90.6% of Chinese patients with CHD use both Western medicine and Chinese medicine with the latter being thought to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Some researchers doubt that the combination of Chinese medicine increases the risk of bleeding. The main objective of this study is to observe the safety of long-term use of Guanxinning (hereafter referred to as GXN) tablets combined with aspirin. Methods. The study population is patients with CHD after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Randomization was performed for patients with stable CHD who received dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor for more than 12 months and then switched to the treatment with aspirin alone for 1 month. This study includes a total of 3,595 subjects in 63 hospitals. The experimental group took aspirin orally (100 mg, 1 time/day) + GXN tablets (0–6 months: 4 tablets/time, 3 times/day; 7–12 months, 4 tablets/time, 2 times/day), and the control group received oral aspirin (100 mg, 1 time/day). Major observation indicators are the incidence of bleeding events, adverse events (AEs), and adverse reactions. The primary endpoint indicators are the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and the MACCE composite endpoint. Results. A total of 31 cases of symptomatic bleeding were found in the two groups, including 21 cases (0.98%) in the experimental group and 10 cases (0.86%) in the control group; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. There were 29 cases (1.35%) of bleeding not reaching BARC type 1 in the experimental group. No attention was paid to the laboratory indicators in the control group during the trial process, so the bleeding as a laboratory indicator between the two groups was not comparable. For BARC type 3–5 bleeding events, there were 3 cases in the experimental group (0.139%) and 2 cases in the control group (0.172%); the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant and not clinically significant. During the trial period, there were a total of 255 cases of adverse reactions in 208 subjects with an incidence of 6.57% (141/2146) in the experimental group and 5.77% (67/1161) in the control group, and the P value was 0.5021; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. According to the analysis, the adverse reactions with a statistically significant difference between the two groups were gastrointestinal diseases, with the incidence in the experimental group being higher than that in the control group, and the main manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms. There was no statistical difference in other types of adverse reactions between the two groups. In the trial period, there were 10 cases of serious adverse reactions, including 5 cases in the experimental group (5/2146, 0.23%) and 5 cases in the control group (5/ 1161, 0.43%), the P value was 0.3351; the difference in the incidence between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion. For CHD patients with heart-blood stasis syndrome, the combination of aspirin and GXN tablets in the experimental group did not increase the incidence of bleeding events, nor did it increase the risk of bleeding of types 3–5 defined by BARC. Except for the increase in gastrointestinal symptoms, there was no increase in other adverse reactions in the experimental group. This trial is registered with Registration no. ChiCTR-IIR-17010688.

Background Environmental factors have profound effect on quantity vis-a-vis quality of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. is among the 10 dashmool species which is utilized in more than hundreds of Ayurvedic preparations including ‘Dashmoolarishta’. Phenolics are the pharmacologically valuable compounds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the total phenolic (TP) and Caffeic acid (CA) contents in four different plant parts i.e., leaves, fruits, stem and roots of S. xanthocarpum sampled randomly from different locations of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state. Methods Plant samples were collected from 99 places of 29 districts falling in 11 agroclimatic regions of Madhya Pradesh through random sampling. UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPTLC were used to determine TP and CA contents, respectively. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids in all plant parts. Quantification of TP and CA contents revealed that both varied significantly between agroclimatic zones as well as within plant parts of S. xanthocarpum. Results revealed that among analysed plant parts, roots and stem harbored highest content of CA while fruits and leaves had the highest TP content. Among agroclimatic regions, accessions of Satpura plateau can be considered rich in CA and TP contents for fruits (0.030%; 28.70 mg CE/g), leaves (0.058%; 27.90 mg CE/g) and roots (0.161%; 5.17 mg CE/g). For stem, highest CA (0.100%) and TP (13.23 mg CE/g) contents were observed in samples of Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that agroclimatic regions have significant effect on studied phytochemicals and Satpura plateau agroclimatic zone may be targeted for conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable dashmool species if the target plant parts are fruits, leaves and roots. While, Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley zones may be targeted for stem. Further, fruits and roots may be utilized for extraction of TP compounds and CA respectively.

This research presents a comparative study and an indoor thermal comfort analysis of self-constructed dwellings with different roofing in the Lower Papaloapan River Basin in Mexico. These include concrete roofs, zinc-coated sheet metal, asbestos sheets and palm fronds, all with and without false ceilings. The comparative study takes into account the identification and analysis of different architectural typologies, materials, structural pathologies, as well as the construction processes and the number of hours in which a dwelling is inside the comfort zone proposed. Until now, there is no relevant information about the comfort zone for the inhabitants of the studied region. Thermal comfort analysis shows that the comfort zone for the region is difficult to achieve due to the temperature and humidity of the region. Among the roofing without a false ceiling, the dwelling with palm roofing had the best performance whilst housing with zinc roofing produced the worst. Moreover, palm roofing is an ecological and vernacular option that uses local materials. In the case of a false ceiling, a standardizing effect was observed for all types of roofing. New approaches to show and analyse data and some suggestions for improving comfort conditions within homes in the region were proposed.

Urban expressways can generate excessive noise in the surrounding urban areas, and it tends to be more complex in mountainous cities, due to the undulating terrain, dense population and compact urban structures. This article aims to investigate the objective acoustic environment and road traffic noise exposure, including the noisy evaluation, annoyance and effect of roadside apartments in residential areas close to urban expressways in the high-density, high-rise, mountainous city of Chongqing. Three housing estates were selected for a series of field measurements, questionnaire surveys and noise mapping. There was a significant negative correlation between night-time noise levels and the distances to the urban expressway ( p < 0.01). Moreover, the differences between the daytime and night-time noise levels were generally insignificant (0.7 to 3.6 dBA) at the roadside locations. Differences in reaction to noise exposure in a variety of both person-related and housing condition variables were found, especially between roadside and non-roadside locations or residents. In addition, 75.0% of roadside residents identified the traffic noise as ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ annoying, and 66.7% of them regarded the acoustic environment as the priority environmental factor that needs to be improved. Difference in the ‘bedroom-window orientation’ had a significant effect on subjective noise evaluation. Rectangular-shaped apartments along the roadside obtain better noise reduction capacities than tower-blocks through the simulation. The acoustic performance of road cuttings, as an appropriately designed earth embankment, is improved along with deeper vertical alignment, and slope angles of 30° and 75° should be avoided.

In winter, driving is a difficult due to road icing. It is one of the most unfavorable weather conditions that endangers traffic safety. We gathered data on pavement temperature, freezing point temperature, friction coefficient, pavement water film thickness, ice content, and pavement condition using sensors. Those data are feed into Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict road icing in the city. Here the primary issue is forecasting the pavement icing of the traffic zone. Our work is an endeavor to use the deep learning method on LSTM to forecast pavement icing on Ji’nan in China. Those Sequential data of pavement icing can process and memorize by LSTM at a specific time. Finally, research results indicate that the performance of the model is very precise. With LSTM model parameters’ help, the sequential data on road icing prediction can also predict the pavement temperature.

This study concentrates on the effect of foreign ownership of companies on worker wage distribution. Using an innovative methodological approach that combines the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and the modified DiNardo et al. reweighting approach, we estimate the wage gap between domestic-owned and foreign-owned firms. The study confirms that firm ownership (domestic or foreign) influences the wage distribution of workers, as a worker employed in a foreign-owned firm earns, on average, 5 percent more than a matched worker in a domestic-owned firm with similar characteristics. We link that gap with an origin of foreign capital. This analysis demonstrates that the origin of capital has an impact on wage distribution in the firm and may affect wages in the whole section.

For over 100 years, the US Forest Service (USFS) has developed initiatives to improve safety outcomes. Herein we discuss the engineered solutions used from 1910 through 1994, when the agency relied on physical science to address the hazards of wildland fire suppression. We then interpret safety initiatives of the subsequent 25 years, as the USFS incorporated social science perspectives both into its understanding of emergency fire incidents and its mitigation of vulnerabilities across all fields of work. Tracing the safety programs using a historical sociology approach, we identify, within the agency’s narrative, three recent developments in its organizational safety culture: cultural awareness, cultural management, and cultural reorganization. This article describes how the development of top-down safety initiatives are questioned and shaped by employees who actively influence the trajectory of a safety culture in the USFS.

Infrared thermography is a technique that can detect anomalies in temperature patterns which can indicate some breast pathologies including breast cancer. One limitation of the method is the absenc...

Scientists are rushing to study the tiny plastic specks that are in marine animals — and in us. Scientists are rushing to study the tiny plastic specks that are in marine animals — and in us.

Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, demand for cloth face masks containing nanosilver has increased. Common product claims such as “antiviral” and “antimicrobial” can be attractive to buyers seeking to protect themselves from this respiratory disease, but it is important to note that filtration capabilities are the main factor to prevent virus transmission and that antimicrobial ability is a secondary protection factor. Silver has long been known to be antibacterial, and growing research supports additional antiviral properties. In this study, 40 masks claiming to contain silver were evaluated for substantiated antiviral and antimicrobial claims using methods available to the public. Criteria for determining the validity of substantiated claims included the use of patented technology, international certification for antimicrobial and/or antiviral textile by ISO or ASTM, EPA pesticide registration, and peer-reviewed literature. Our analysis showed that, of the 40 masks, 21 had substantiated claims. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), two of the substantiated face masks (A and B) were examined for silver identification for further confirmation. Mask A uses silver and copper ions attached to zeolite particles; the zeolite particles discovered through SEM were approximately 90–200 nm in diameter. In mask B, particles of silver and titanium at the 250 nm size were found. In conclusion, these certifications or patents are not enough to determine credibility, and stricter regulations by federal agencies on product testing for manufacturers that make claims are necessary to ensure the efficacy of the product advertised, as well as a cloth face mask inhalation standard.

In epidemiology, identifying the effect of exposure variables in relation to a time-to-event outcome is a classical research area of practical importance. Incorporating propensity score in the Cox regression model, as a measure to control for confounding, has certain advantages when outcome is rare. However, in situations involving exposure measured with moderate to substantial error, identifying the exposure effect using propensity score in Cox models remains a challenging yet unresolved problem. In this paper, we propose an estimating equation method to correct for the exposure misclassification-caused bias in the estimation of exposure-outcome associations. We also discuss the asymptotic properties and derive the asymptotic variances of the proposed estimators. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators in various settings. As an illustration, we apply our method to correct for the misclassification-caused bias in estimating the association of PM2.5 level with lung cancer mortality using a nationwide prospective cohort, the Nurses’ Health Study. The proposed methodology can be applied using our user-friendly R program published online.

Coriandrum sativum Linn. (family: Umbelliferae; C. sativum), is a potential herb widely used as a spice and traditional medicine. In the present work, the effects of C. sativum fruit extract (CSE), against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in vitro and 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) animal model in vivo was investigated. LPS-stimulated increase in nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly (p < 0.05 ~ p < 0.001) inhibited by CSE (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) in BV-2 microglial cells. Further, CSE inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear factor of kappa-beta activation and IκB-α phosphorylation in BV-2 microglia. In vivo studies, CSE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) ameliorated the MPTP (25 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced changes in locomotor, cognitive and behavior functions evaluated by rotarod, passive avoidance and open field test significantly (p < 0.05 ~ p < 0.001). The MPTP-induced changes in brain oxidative enzyme levels such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation were significantly (p < 0.01 and p, EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc835; ISSN 1611-2156

The disruption of antioxidant defense has been demonstrated in severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV infection. Selenium plays a major role in decreasing the ROS produced in response to various viral infections. Selenoprotein enzymes are essential in combating oxidative stress caused due to excessive generation of ROS. Selenium also has a role in inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, thus alleviating inflammation. In viral infections, selenoproteins have also been found to inhibit type I interferon responses, modulate T cell proliferation and oxidative burst in macrophages, and inhibit viral transcriptional activators. Potential virally encoded selenoproteins have been identified by computational analysis in different viral genomes like HIV-1, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and hepatitis C virus. This review discusses the role and the possible mechanisms of selenium, selenoproteins, and virally encoded selenoproteins in the pathogenicity of viral infections. Identification of potential selenoproteins in the COVID 19 genome by computational tools will give insights further into their role in the pathogenesis of viral infections., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc781; ISSN 1611-2156

Introduction. The article deals with the protection of the environment from harmful components of the exhaust gases of a motor vehicle. In order to solve this problem, it is proposed to develop an additional device to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, based on the ultrasonic coagulation cleaning method.Materials and methods. Due to the need for an environmentally friendly vehicle exhaust system, an experiment is planned to determine the particle gas settling rate on the ultrasonic stand. The correct setting of the experiment requires a preliminary theoretical analysis and a reduction in the number of parameters influencing the experiment. At the time of the experiment, the number of parameters considered should reflect the main processes and their interactions fairly accurately. However, ultrasonic coagulation depends on most parameters, such as particle settling velocity, ultrasonic wave pressure, oscillation amplitude, ultrasonic frequency, particle radius, dynamic viscosity, gravity acceleration and particle mass, which can complicate and increase the time for experimentation. The method of similarity theory and dimensional analysis was used to reduce the set of variables. This method reduces the number of experiments and saves time, costs and other resources spent on the experiment with a large number of parameters.Results. As a result, a minimum number of dimensional criteria were obtained to improve the efficiency of the ultrasonic screen processing of experimental data.Conclusion. Thus, the dimensionless criteria obtained make it possible to draw up a plan for an experiment to determine the settling rate of car exhaust gas particles on an ultrasonic stand and confirm the applicability of the ultrasonic coagulation treatment method.

Low-level laser therapy has been investigated as a possible stimulus for enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, but few reports relate undifferentiated mouse pulp cells (OD-21) response to irradiation in in vitro models. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of low-level laser therapy (λ=660 nm), with three different irradiation times, on the behavior of OD-21 cell line. The cells were cultivated and divided into three groups: non-irradiated/control (group I); irradiated with 88 s (group II); irradiated with 177 s (group III) and irradiated with 265 s (group IV). Cell growth and viability were assessed after 7 and 10 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=.05). At day 7, there was a higher cell growth in groups I and II, as compared to group IV (p

Gingival smile is a term used to describe an aesthetic condition in which excessive gingival exposure at the jaw level occurs during smile. There are several factors related to its etiology, the most common is the altered passive eruption of anterior superior teeth. To correct this disharmony, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary, and the treatment plan depends on a correct diagnosis and assessment for a better prognosis. The present study aims to describe a clinical case where periodontal surgical techniques were used to correct this condition. Female patient, 25 years old, with aesthetic complaint of the amount of gum exposed when smiling and diagnosed with altered passive eruption. Clinical crown augmentation surgery was performed on the anterior superior teeth. After 1 and 2 years, periodontal clinical parameters (probing bleeding, probing depth, clinical attachment level, crown length, keratinized mucosa width and plaque index) were reassessed, through clinical examination, digital photographic monitoring and measurement tools. In two years, it was possible to note the stability of the results achieved, maintaining values similar to those of the immediate postoperative period. The case report confirmed the success of the clinical crown augmentation surgery and the periodontal parameters stability evaluated after 2 years. Keywords: Periodontics Surgery. Gingivectomy. Aesthetics. ResumoSorriso gengival é o termo utilizado para descrever uma condição estética em que ocorre uma exposição gengival excessiva ao nível da maxila, durante o sorriso. Há diversos fatores relacionados a sua etiologia, sendo a mais comum a erupção passiva alterada dos dentes ântero-superiores. Para correção dessa desarmonia é necessária uma abordagem multidisciplinar, sendo o plano de tratamento dependente de um correto diagnóstico e avaliação para um melhor prognóstico. O presente estudo tem objetivo de descrever um caso clínico onde técnicas cirúrgicas periodontais foram utilizadas para correção dessa condição. Paciente gênero feminino, 25 anos de idade, com queixa estética da quantidade de gengiva exposta ao sorrir e com diagnóstico de erupção passiva alterada. Foi submetida a cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica nos dentes antero-superiores. Após 1 e 2 anos foram reavaliados os parâmetros clínicos periodontais (sangramento a sondagem, profundidade de sondagem, perda de inserção, comprimento da coroa, largura da mucosa queratinizada e índice de placa), através de exame clinico, acompanhamento digital fotográfico e ferramentas de medição de imagem. Em dois anos, foi possível constatar a estabilidade dos resultados alcançados, mantendo valores semelhantes aos do pós-operatório imediato. O relato de caso confirmou o sucesso da cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica e a estabilidade dos parâmetros periodontais avaliados após 2 anos. Palavras-chave: Periodontia. Cirurgia. Gengivectomia. Estética.

Objectives The role of aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata was investigated against cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats. Methods Thirty (30) male Wistar Rats weighing (150–170) were divided into six groups (n=5). Group A served as control and received oral administration of phosphate buffer saline; group B received 800 mg/kg A. digitata only; group C were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride; group D were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride and treated with 800 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. digitata; group E received 300 mg/kg vitamin E only; group F were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride and treated with 300 mg/kg vitamin E. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the testes were excised fixed in Bouins fluids for histological analysis and the other homogenized in 5% sucrose solution for determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activity, biochemical assay. Results The group treated with cadmium chloride plus A. digitata caused significant decrease in MDA levels with significant increase (p Conclusions Aqueous extract of A. digitata appears to have ameliorative effect against cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage. This could be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compound.

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are constantly being reported in the literature. The goal of our review was to summarize the most important air pollutants and their impact on the main respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis) to reduce both short- and the long-term exposure consequences. We considered the most important air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, ozone, particulate matter and biomass smoke, and observed their impact on pulmonary pathologies. We focused on respiratory pathologies, because air pollution potentiates the increase in respiratory diseases, and the evidence that air pollutants have a detrimental effect is growing. It is imperative to constantly improve policy initiatives on air quality in both high- and low-income countries.

Currently, the significance of fungi as human pathogens is not medically concealed in the world. Consequently, suitable recognition and treatment of such infections are of great importance and necessitate the need for comprehensive information in this regard. The introduction of new antifungals and their use today, especially in the last two decades, have revolutionized the treatment of fungal infections. On the other hand, increasing drug resistance in the world has overshadowed such developments. The use of NPs results in the treatment of fungal infections and owing to their specific properties, these particles, unlike the pure antibiotics, can exert a greater inhibitory power although with less concentration compared with conventional drugs. Important reasons that have led to the use of antifungal drugs in delivery systems include reduced drug efficacy, limited penetration through tissue, poor aqueous solubility, decreased bioavailability, and poor drug pharmacokinetics. It is therefore hoped that unfavorable properties of antifungal drugs be mitigated via their incorporation into different types of NPs. This review summarizes the different types of NPs as delivery systems of antifungal as well as their advantages over pure drugs., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc562; ISSN 1611-2156

Objectives: Nowadays, mobile phones have become a prime necessity. At present, various advance networking connections such as 3G and 4G are available in the market to get a faster service. However, these mobile phones emit harmful electromagnetic radiations which have various ill effects on different physiological systems. The present study has been done to find out the extent of damage caused by mobile phone radiation on liver cells, and, whether high-protein diet (HPD) has any ameliorative effect on such changes. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss Albino mice were divided into four groups. Two groups of animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation at global system for mobile communications like frequencies at 1.8 GHz for 3 h continuously per day for 90 days. One of these radiation exposed groups received a normal diet (containing 5% casein) and the other exposed group received a HPD (supplemented with 20% casein). The control group animals received only a normal diet, while the animals of the remaining group received only a HPD. The serum biochemical and histological parameters of liver tissues and ladder assay of hepatic DNA were studied. Results: A significantly elevated level (P < 0.05) of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin and serum caspase-3 levels was observed in the group of animals exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phone. Histological changes were also observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, in genomic DNA ladder assay, fragmented DNA was observed in exposed group, which is a probable sign of cell apoptosis. Recovery symptoms were observed in the animals supplemented with high casein diet. Conclusion: From the present study, it may be concluded that electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones has damaging effects on hepatocytes which may be ameliorated by HPD.

Chemistry practitioners, particularly in educational settings, often associate building strong safety cultures with compliance or regulatory requirements around laboratory glass-ware, equipment, flammable and incompatible materials, signage, container labels, and safety data sheets. Other fields of science also emphasize biohazardous materials, animal handling, human subject, and ergonomics. However, little attention in the literature has gone toward describing the interpersonal interactions and behaviors affecting the physical and emotional safety and wellbeing of laboratory trainees and personnel from marginalized backgrounds. This work unifies known approaches of building strong safety cultures and principles for preventing identity cues that threaten safety within a laboratory environment. Specifically, this work uses the four principles of chemical safety RAMP model as a conceptual framework for integrating identity safety within the laboratory safety culture.

Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) has gained considerable attention in cervical cancer research studies. It is one of the most important sexually transmitted diseases that can affect 160 to 289 out of 10000 persons every year. Due to the infectious nature of this virus, HPV can be considered a serious threat. The knowledge of viral structure, especially for viral oncoproteins like E6, E7, and their role in causing cancer is very important. This virus has different paths (PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, and JAK/STA) that are involved in the transmission of signaling paths through active molecules like MEK (pMEK), ERK (pERK), and Akt (pAkt). It’s eventually through these paths that cancer is developed. Precise knowledge of these paths and their signals give us the prognosis to adopt appropriate goals for prevention and control of these series of cancer., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc320; ISSN 1611-2156

The aim of our study was to evaluate all-cause mortality risk in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Mexico City treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics. This real-world retrospective cohort study contemplated 395,343 patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 between February 24 and September 14, 2020 in 688 primary-to-tertiary medical units in Mexico City. Patients were included with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2; those receiving unspecified antivirals, excluded; and groups of antivirals prescribed in < 30 patients, eliminated. Survival and mortality risks were determined for patients receiving antivirals, antibiotics, both, or none. We assessed the effect of early (2 days) use of antivirals on mortality in a sub-cohort of patients. Multivariable adjustment, propensity score matching, generalized estimating equations, and calculation of E-values were performed to limit confounding. 136,855 patients were analyzed; mean age 44.2 (SD:16.8) years; 51.3 % were men. 16.6 % received antivirals (3 %), antibiotics (10 %), or both (3.6 %). Antivirals studied were Oseltamivir (n=8414), Amantadine (n=319), Lopinavir-Ritonavir (n=100), Rimantadine (n=61), Zanamivir (n=39), and Acyclovir (n=36). Survival with antivirals (73.7 %, p, EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc199; ISSN 1611-2156

The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to 1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its undiscovered mechanisms. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in humans (1997) has revolutionized the field of infection biology and innate immunity. The laboratory mice have shown twelve TLRs and express TLR10 (CD290) as a disrupted pseudogene, and humans have ten functional TLRs. Now, it is well established that TLRs play a significant role in different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Skin inflammation and other associated inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, along with many skin cancers are major health problems all over the world. The continuous development in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases has opened the window of opportunity for TLRs in studying their role. Hence, the manuscript explores the role of different TLRs in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and associated inflammatory diseases. The article starts with the concept of inflammation, its origin, and the impact of TLRs discovery on infection and inflammation biology. The subsequent section describes the burden of skin-associated inflammatory diseases worldwide and the effect of the geographical habitat of people affecting it. The third section explains skin as an immune organ and explains the expression of different TLRs on different skin cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), skin fibroblasts, and melanocytes. The fourth section describes the impact of TLRs on these cells in different skin-inflammatory conditions, including acne vulgaris, AD, psoriasis, and skin cancers. The article also discusses the use of different TLR-based therapeutic approaches as specific to these inflammatory skin diseases., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc52; ISSN 1611-2156

Understanding the toxicity behavior of NPs is of great importance to ensure efficient delivery to intracellular targets without causing cytotoxicity, to measure the long-term effects of nanoparticles (NPs), and to predict risks and hazards to humans and the environment. However, the diversity and complexity of toxicity sample space, individual sampling, and missing/unreported information make it burdensome to draw general conclusions from the whole picture. To overcome the challenges of safe-by-design of NPs, here we create a machine learning approach by knowledge extraction from the literature which is based on the published toxicity data of inorganic, organic and carbon-based NPs. By integrating 15 qualitative and 10 quantitative attributes from 152 articles, we have obtained 4111 instances reflecting the toxicity of NPs with various material, cell, and experimental properties. Implementing association rule mining (ARM), we present that cytotoxicity is primarily related to the core and coating material of NPs, their synthesis route and the exposed cell type. Our model addresses the interdependence of attributes by shedding light on hidden relationships and we claim that it may contribute to the controlled and safe design of NPs in future studies.

Resume Objectif Identifier des extraits vegetaux qui pourraient etre utilises comme nouveaux traitements en cas de candidoses et d’infections a Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methodes Dans ce travail, l’activite des extraits ethanoliques et methanoliques de Rosmarinus officinalis et Zingiber officinale fut evaluee sur Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei et Streptococcus pneumoniae. L’activite antimicrobienne fut d’abord mesuree in vitro, puis in vivo sur des souris et des rats. Resultats Les resultats montrerent que l’extrait methanolique de Rosmarinus officinalis et l’extrait ethanolique de Zingiber officinale furent les plus efficaces sur tous les micro-organismes testes. Les especes les plus sensibles furent Candida albicans, Candida krusei et Streptococcus pneumoniae. L’activite antimicrobienne in vivo precisa que l’extrait ethanolique de Zingiber officinale fut le plus efficace sur ces trois especes. Candida glabrata et Candida tropicalis furent, au contraire, plus sensibles a l’extrait methanolique de Rosmarinus officinalis ; neanmoins, elles furent considerees comme etant les levures les plus resistantes. Conclusion L’extrait ethanolique de Zingiber officinale fut plus actif que le fluconazole et l’amoxicilline sur Candida albicans, Candida krusei et Streptococcus pneumoniae. Il pourrait de ce fait etre envisage pour le traitement des infections dues a ces especes. De meme, l’extrait methanolique de Rosmarinus officinalis pourrait etre efficace pour traiter les candidoses causees par Candida glabrata et Candida tropicalis.

Almost a year ago, no one has ever heard of COVID-19 but now, every individual in the world is familiar with this term. It is far from over and yet, it has affected every aspect of human life. The Department of Urology at King’s College Hospital London provides all types of urology care ranging from benign to cancer treatments to the community. However, this service was badly affected by COVID-19. Policies were made by the experts in the field to reduce patient traffic in the hospital and at the same time, attempting to ensure appropriate and timely treatment was provided to patients suffering from urological conditions requiring urgent attention. In this article, we discuss the triage guidelines set up at our centre. Treatments for benign conditions such as kidney stones were delayed for 3-6 months. For the first time, telephone and video clinics were setup to follow-up patients with benign conditions. Urological emergencies such as acute urinary retention and priapism were discharged from accidental and emergency department after treatment. Small T1 renal cancers were put on surveillance, whereas T2 and T3 renal cancers were offered nephrectomy at a COVID-free specialized center. Transurethral removal of bladder tumor was offered only for solid or actively bleeding tumor. High risk prostate cancer patients were started on hormonal therapy and radiotherapy was only offered for spinal cord compression secondary to metastasis. Low and intermediate non-metastatic prostate cancers were placed on active surveillance. Patients with testicular tumor continued to have immediate inguinal orchidectomy. The multi-disciplinary meetings were done remotely using blue jeans software®. These steps not only strive to provide adequate and timely urology care to patients but also protect health care workers and prevent the spread of COVID-19., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc46; ISSN 1611-2156

The prediction of human toxicities from animal toxicity tests is often poor, and is now discouraged and in some cases banned, especially those involving the LD50 test. However, there is a vast number of historical LD50 data in both public and in-house repositories that are being put to little use. This study examined the correlations between human lethality (doses and concentrations) of 36 MEIC chemicals and the median values of a large number of mouse and rat LD50 values obtained for four different routes of administration. The best correlations were found with mouse and rat intraperitoneal LD50 values (r2 = 0.838 and 0.810 for human lethal dose, and r2 = 0.753 and 0.785 for human lethal concentration). The results show that excellent prediction of human lethal dose and concentration can be made, for this series of chemicals at least, by using uncurated rodent LD50 values, thus offering some reparation for the millions of rodent lives sacrificed in LD50 testing.

Mortality rate is high with COVID-19. Multiple organ damage is a common and lethal complication of the severe COVID-19 patients. Of 198 recruited participants, 65 patients (32.8 %) had coagulopathy. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association of coagulopathy with organ dysfunction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The incidence of coagulopathy was associated with increased odds of acute liver injury, renal dysfunction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by multivariable regression. Overall mortality was 65 % for the patients with coagulopathy and 3.76 % for the patients without coagulopathy. History of hypertension, leukocytosis and elevated CRP concentrations were associated with higher odds of coagulopathy. Patients with coagulopathy had similar levels of hepatic and renal functional enzymes prior to the onset of coagulopathy as the patients without coagulopathy, suggesting that coagulopathy is an association of the progression of multi-organ dysfunction in COVID-19. Plasma IL-6 was higher in patients with coagulopathy than controls, but it’s not a risk factor for organ dysfunction by logistic regression. The present study shows that coagulopathy, overt DIC and non-overt DIC, associates with organ dysfunction and higher mortality rate in COVID-19. Thus, anticoagulant therapy may prevent organ dysfunction and increase survival rate in COVID-19., EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc174; ISSN 1611-2156

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary lead (Pb) supplementation and feeding period on growth performance, organ weight, and Pb accumulation in pigs.Methods: In a 56-day feeding experiment, a total of 48 barrows with initial body weight 10.4±0.6 kg were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (0 and 200 mg/kg of supplemental Pb) in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. Body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. At the end of each 14 day-period (on days 14, 28, 42, and 56), an animal was randomly selected from each pen and slaughtered to collect blood samples, hair samples, left 5th rib, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples.Results: Average daily gain and average daily feed intake were reduced (p

A very simple, non-extractive and new spectrophotometric method for the swift determination of trace amount of vanadium using salicylaldehyde-benzoylhydrazone (Sal-BH) has been developed. Sal-BH undergoes a reaction in a slightly acidic solution (0.0016-0.0032 M H2S04) with vanadium to give a light greenish-yellow chelate, which has an absorption maximum at 392 nm. The reaction is instantaneous and absorbance remains stable for over 24 hrs. The average molar absorption co-efficient and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 2.5039×105 L/mol.cm and 1.0 ng/cm2 V, respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed for 0.001-30 mg/L of V, providing a detection limit of 0.1 µg/L of V and RSD 0-2 %. The stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1:1 (V:Sal-BH). Interference study shows that a large excess of over 60 cations, anions, and some common complexing agents (such as chloride, azide, tartrate, EDTA and SCN‑, etc.) satisfy the tolerance limit. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of vanadium in several standard reference materials as well as in some environmental waters, biological fluids, soil, food and pharmaceutical samples and solutions containing both vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V). The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and vegetable samples were comparable with ICP-OES and AAS were found to be in excellent agreement. The method has high precision and accuracy (s = ±0.01 for 0.5 mg/L).

The flood disaster in Kelantan in 2014 had resulted in substantial health implications including increased cases of communicable diseases. There was a lack of community preparedness including customized health educations in the prevention and control of flood-related communicable diseases in the affected areas. The research was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based health education modules on flood-related communicable diseases among communities in Kelantan. Health education modules focusing on major food-related diseases were developed. A non-randomized community-controlled trial using the modules were conducted. Outcomes were assessed on knowledge, attitude and preventive practice scores to flood-related communicable diseases using a pre-validated questionnaire. Independent t test was used to compare mean scores between the intervention community (Tumpat) and the control community (Bachok) at 1-month post intervention. One-way independent ANOVA test was done to compare score differences at baseline (pre), post 1-month and post 2-month from repeated surveys among random samples within the intervention community. There were significant improvements in all knowledge components from 9.4% to 52.6% with 10% increment in attitude scores toward preventing behaviours on flood-related communicable diseases. When compared against the control community at one-month post-intervention, there were significantly higher knowledge on types of diseases, symptoms and risk factors as well as practice scores of drinking safe water and protective habits. This research demonstrated that community-based health education is effective in improving relevant knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among affected communities as part of their preparedness toward communicable diseases related to flood.

Introduction. Chemical factors affect the emergence of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks when drinking water consumed in the arid regions of Russia and the world. Material and methods. The objects of the study are samples of water springs located in the city of Saratov. Methods of atomic-absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and potentiometry were used to determine contaminants’ content in water of springs. The health and hygiene safety of spring water was assessed by calculating carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, hazard level, and total hazard level. Results. The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HI>1) was established to refer to the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular system and liver and the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, skin, endocrine system. Nitrates are the greatest contributor to the formation of non-carcinogenic hazards of spring water from the sources studied. Discussion. The processes of rotting plant matter, agricultural activities, and exchange between water and underlying aquifer caused the exceeding of the admissible health risk of water springs located at higher elevations was mainly due to. The highest frequency and magnitude of excess non-carcinogenic sanitary and chemical indices are most often characteristic of springs at the highest elevations or located in the zone of active agricultural activity. The Ni 2+ ion, with the highest amount of the total carcinogenic risk caused the carcinogenic effect mainly. It corresponds to springs located on the slopes near the freeways. Conclusion. Nitrates, nickel, cadmium, and iron, made the most significant contribution to the risk of non-carcinogenic exposure in drinking water from the studied springs have. The presence of nickel had a more pronounced carcinogenic effect. Toxic non-carcinogenic water action is directed mainly at the cardiovascular system and liver. The use of water from the springs studied decreases with the increase in the height of the source above sea level caused the probability of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. The exchange processes with the underlying aquifer of carbonate rocks, as well as the life of iron-healing bacteria during floods and rains, can explain the effect of the arid climate on the distribution of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in the spring water of Saratov.

Introduction. In conditions of the high density of urban development, efficient use of municipal lands is of particular relevance. Food production facilities make up a significant sector of many cities’ economy, including centers of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, petrochemistry, mining, etc., i.e., settlements where significant areas are limited in use by sanitary protection zones. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 3, 2018, No. However, such a justification is a scientific and methodological problem since there is no regulatory consolidation of the procedure. The purpose of the study was to develop and practically test methodological approaches to justification the admissibility (inadmissibility) of placing a food production facility in the sanitary protection zone of enterprises in other line of the industry. Material and methods. Design and technical documentation were studied on sources of data on air quality at the industrial site and indoors, and the quality of food products. Authors performed hygienic assessment of the safety and quality of air, raw materials, water, and manufactured food products for compliance with sanitary requirements and standards. When analyzing potential threats to contamination of food products, a mechanism was used to isolate critical points of the technological process. Results. An algorithm for the formation of the evidence base of the absence (presence) of the negative impact on food quality, the fact of the location of the production facility in the sanitary protection zone of a large industrial enterprise on the quality of food products is proposed. On the example of the production of juices from natural concentrated products, each step of the algorithm has been worked out: analysis of the technological process of production; hazard identification, instrumental measurements of the quality of environmental objects and raw materials and products. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm allows creating a reliable evidence base for deciding on the admissibility (inadmissibility) of the location of the food production facility in the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise with a different type of activity, tested in real conditions of a large industrial unit. The algorithm can be used as a base for the widespread use and further improvement.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the number of dentists who are specialists in Sports Dentistry and Specialist Physicians who are specialists in Sports Medicine, according to the Brazilian regions. The total number of dentists and doctors in Brazil and specialists in Sports Dentistry and Sports Medicine was collected on the websites of the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) and the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), respectively. All data used in this research are publicly accessible. Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais are the Brazilian states with the largest number of specialist dentists in Sports Dentistry (n = 5) and São Paulo, the state with the highest number of sports medicine specialists (n = 236). By Brazilian regions, it was observed that most professionals specialized in Sports Dentistry (55.6%) and Sports Medicine (49.5%) are located in the Southeast region. In the Northeast region, for each specialist in Sports Dentistry, there are 109 physicians specialized in this therapy (1/109). There is a small number of dentists who are specialists in Sports Dentistry, when compared to the number of physicians specialized in Sports Medicine, mainly in the North and Northeast regions of the country. Keywords: Dentistry. Sports. Sports Medicine. Oral Health. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente o número de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte e médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva, de acordo com as regiões brasileiras. O número total de cirurgiões-dentistas e médicos no Brasil e de especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte e Medicina Esportiva, foi coletado nos sites do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) e Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), respectivamente. Todos os dados utilizados nesta pesquisa são de acesso público. O Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais são os estados brasileiros com o maior número de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte (n=5) e São Paulo, o estado com o maior número de médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva (n=236). Por regiões brasileiras, observou-se que a maioria dos profissionais especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte (55,6%) e em Medicina Esportiva (49,5%) estão localizados na região Sudeste. Na região Nordeste, para cada especialista em Odontologia do Esporte, existem 109 médicos com especialização nesta terapia (1/109). Há uma pequena quantidade de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte, quando comparados ao número de médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país. Palavras-chave: Odontologia. Esportes. Medicina Esportiva. Saúde Bucal.

Studies with children and adult patients submitted to mandibular distraction osteogenesis surgery were analyzed, whose complication was ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. In this study, the objective was to carry out a narrative review of the literature, seeking the prevalence of this complication after distraction osteogenesis. The literature review was carried out in the electronic databases, PubMed and Scopus, using mesh terms and their respective entry terms. The screening process consisted of two phases: Phase I - Select by titles and abstracts; Phase II - Complete reading article based on selected articles from phase I. It was observed after the data tabulation a lack of scientific evidence regarding this complication after distraction osteogenesis; as well as a very large variability in the case report studies or case series since there are no clinical trials on this subject. Thus, it can be concluded that there are few studies to state the relationship between ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint after distraction osteogenesis, requiring further clinical trial studies on the subject. Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Osteogenesis. Distraction. Callotasis; Bone Formation ResumoForam analisados estudos com pacientes crianças e adultos submetidos a cirurgia de distração osteogênica mandibular que tiveram como complicação a anquilose da articulação temporo-mandibular. Neste estudo o objetivo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura buscando a prevalência desta complicação após a distração osteogênica. A revisão de literatura foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas, PubMed e Scopus, utilizando mesh terms e seus respectivos entry terms. O processo de triagem consistiu em duas fases: Fase I - Selecionar por títulos e resumos; Fase II- Artigo completo de leitura baseado em artigos selecionados da fase I. Observou-se após a tabulação dos dados a falta de evidência científica com relação a esta complicação após a distração osteogênica; bem como uma variabilidade muito grande nos trabalhos de relato de caso ou série de casos uma vez que não existem ensaios clínicos referente a este assunto. Desta forma pode-se concluir que há poucos estudos para afirmarmos a relação entre a anquilose da articulação temporo-mandibular após a distração osteogênica, sendo necessários mais estudos de ensaio clínico sobre o tema. Palavras-chave: Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular. Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular. Calotasia. Formação Óssea.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of academic monitoring in the students’ performance of the Physical Education course in the discipline of Human Anatomy. The sample consisted of 50 students of the Physical Education course (Bachelor’s degree) who were taking the discipline of Human Anatomy (HA). The participants were divided into two groups: non-monitoring (NM) and monitoring (M). Academic monitoring actions were carried out during the students’ after class hours, in which they were assisted by the professor and three monitors. Thus, all the students who participated in the monitoring activities were included in the M group and those students who were not involved in monitoring activities were included in the NM group. The assessment used to verify student’s performance was the last test of the HA discipline. After verifying the data normality, the scores of the groups were compared using the Mann Whitney test. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation from the mean using the Graph Pad Prism 6 statistical program. The adopted significance index was p

Objective: Seasonal influenza vaccination is the main method for influenza prevention. The main objective of this study is to estimate the frequency of vaccinations in patients with chronic illnesses presented to a primary health care (PHC) centre. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in patients admitted to the Kapandriti Health Centre. Their vaccination status with an influenza vaccine and their underlying diseases were recorded. Results: 34.8% of the subjects had been vaccinated against seasonal influenza. Vaccination coverage was found to be 53.9% in pulmonary, 55.6% in chronic kidney disease, 43.7% in cardiovascular disorders, 40.6% in diabetes, 40.6% in any kind of malignancy, and finally 33.3% in neurological patients. The most significant predictors for vaccination were the age group of 60 to 79 years (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.79-5.29), age over 80 years (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.58-5.36), respiratory disease (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.33-3.76), cardiovascular disorder (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02-2.10), and 3 to 5 visits to the unit annually (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12-2.24). Finally, it was discovered that coexistence of one to three diseases reduced the likelihood ratio for vaccine uptake (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03-0.79, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The influenza vaccination rate for the population of the present study has been found higher than that reported previously in literature. We believe that there is a need to implement new and more effective strategies such as educating vulnerable groups on the benefits of vaccination and so reducing the incidence of influenza and its complications especially in vulnerable groups.

Currently, there is contradictory evidence for the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs). We examine the association between maternal exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). In total, 1,167 women older than 18 years were enrolled at public antenatal venues in two geographical districts. For each district, we measured the levels of residential drinking water DBPs (measured in THMs) through regulatory data and routine water sampling. We estimated the individual uptake of water of each woman by combining individual water use and uptake factors. Increased daily internal dose of total THMs during the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of delivering premature infants (AOR 3.13, 95% CI 1.36–7.17). The risk of premature birth was also positiviely associated with exposure to total THMs during the whole pregnancy (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 1.25–6.68). The risk of delivering an SGA and LBW infant was not associated with maternal exposure to THMs. Our findings suggest that exposure to THMs is associated with certain negative pregnancy outcomes. The levels of THMs in water should be routinely monitored.

For industrialized areas, the problem of the anthropogenic pollution of the environment is not only relevant, but it also exacerbates at a qualitatively new level due to a significant deterioration of almost all the indicators of the population health, especially children's health. Among the wide variety of the factors that affect the people, the leading place belongs to the chemical one, in the spectrum of which the special place is occupied by the heavy metals and such a global and potentially dangerous toxicant as lead is on the first place. The purpose of research was to assess the low-dose effect of lead on the microelement state and prenosological indicators of the health of preschool children living under conditions of constant exposure to it. Material and methods. The obtained data testify to the constant presence of lead in environmental objects city Dnepr in concentrations for the most part do not exceed permissible ones, however, in 1.5-1.6 times higher than in unpolluted areas. Hygienic monitoring of the content of lead, copper and zinc in the air, water and food products of two industrial regions of the city of Dnipro and a "conditionally clean" region of a non-industrial city were carried out. The degree of influence of lead load was estimated with using a dose-dependent approach using biomonitoring and specific biochemical parameters. To assess the prenosological state of health of the child population, 46 and 57 children from preschool institutions in the observation areas aged 5 to 6 years old and 20 children from the control area were simultaneously examined according to a similar scheme. Results and discussion. The average content of lead in the blood of 70-100% of children from the industrial areas is 1.6-5 times higher than the standard and 9.5-30 times higher than the control one. In the urine of 33-66% of the surveyed children from the industrial areas and 12% of children from the control one the lead concentration is 6.4-12.8 times higher than the standard. Hair of preschoolers contains lead in concentrations that correspond to the permissible level, but 2-3.5 times higher than that of children in the control area, found in 73-78% of those surveyed. The concentration of lead in the teeth of children from industrial regions is 4.6 times higher than the normative level recommended by the World Health Organization, and in nails it is 3.2 times higher than the background values. The content of copper in all biosubstrates of children is determined at the physiological level, and zinc is lower by 49-80%. The increased content of lead in biosubstrates is accompanied by an increase of the activity of δ-ALA in the urine of children from the industrial areas by 1.2 and 1.9 times compared with the recommended norm, it was observed in 51-89% of the examined. Conclusion. The revealed biochemical disorders in the organism of children indicate the beginning of the development of microsaturnism, which, on the background of violations of the microelement status, is the ground for the search for effective measures of reducing the "lead pressure" on the health of the child population

This study was motivated by a phenomenon that appears in madrasa, namely: 1) the low quality of graduates, in MAN 1 with an average result of UAN 58.5 and MAN 2 57.8 from a maximum score of 100; 2) inconsistency in planning, implementing, evaluating programs to improve quality. The purpose of this study was to identify: work programs, program implementation, evaluation of program implementation, program impacts, and supporting factors inhibiting the improvement of the quality of madrasa. The approach of this study was qualitative-naturalistic, with a descriptive research type. This research method was a case study, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation study. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used the interactive Miles model. The results of this study showed: evaluation of quality improvement which is carried out through an evaluation of needs assessment, assessment of input, assessment of processes and assessment of results.

Persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) is a highly nutritious fruit with bestowed antioxidant properties. But due to its perishable nature, it is produced for a very shorter period of time. Preservation of fruit in the form of pulp acts as a suitable method to provide availability of the fruit throughout the year. The main objective of this investigation was to develop persimmon pulp from the cold and hot pulping method and to assess the best preservation method for storage. Among six different treatments in cold pulping method (T1 to T3 x 2), treatment T2 (10 % water) and among 18 different treatment in hot pulping method (T1 to T9 x 2), treatment T5 (10 % water + 10 minutes cooking time) using fruit with peel was selected on the basis of nutritional and sensory attributes. Further, the pulp was preserved via heat and chemical methods. Among six different treatments, T5 (Pulp + pasteurization + 1000 ppm potassium metabisulphite (KMS) in glass bottles) was found to be best in the type of pulp. This treatment was able to retain the maximum amount of ascorbic acid (13.733 and 8.043 mg/100 g), ?-carotene (173 and 86 µg/100 g) and total phenols (3.093 and 2.873 mg/100 g), respectively during storage of 6 months. Hence, it can be suggested from the study that nutritionally rich persimmon pulp can be prepared with better storage stability which can be used by both small and large scale industries at a lower cost of production.

Background. Workplace is associated with exposure to various products, which can be associated with adverse health outcomes. It is true with underground construction work. This study calculated the prevalence of common health problems among Nepalese underground construction workers in comparison to heavy construction workers. This type of study is rare in the context of Nepal and other developing countries, and we hope that the findings will help to take precautions for the prevention of these conditions. Method. It was a retrospective study based on the clinical record of outpatient cases and general health checkups of all Nepalese workers available at the Project clinic, Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project, Gongar, Bigu, Dolakha. We studied three hundred and ninety-eight workers. We used multipurpose analysis and conducted the Chi-square test and calculated correlations and odds ratios. Results. Two hundred and sixteen (54.3%) participants worked inside the tunnel, and 182 (43.2%) participants worked outside the tunnel. Respiratory disease, mainly upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (23.4%), is the most common presentation among construction workers followed by injuries (16.7%). Injuries and hypertension were significantly higher in inside the tunnel workers, and acute gastroenteritis was significantly ( p value

Background Glyphosate and its salt formulations are nonselective herbicides that have been extensively used worldwide, both for residential and agricultural purposes. The possible carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of glyphosate remain to be elucidated. We developed a sensitive and high-throughput analytical method for urinary glyphosate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with the aim of contributing to glyphosate exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. Methods After urine dilution (creatinine matching dilution to 0.05 g creatinine/L), glyphosate was extracted using two types of solid phase extraction columns (SCX and NH2) with automated sample preparation instruments. The eluate was dried and dissolved in the mobile phase, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The optimized method was applied to urine samples obtained from 54 Japanese adults and children. Results The results from the validation study demonstrated good recoveries (91.0-99.6%), within- and between-run precisions (< 15%), low detection limits (0.1 μg/L), and lower limit of quantification (0.3 μg/L). The detection frequency and median concentration of the urinary glyphosate in Japanese subjects were 59% and 0.25 μg/L (0.34 μg/g creatinine). Conclusions Our reliable determination method was successful in measuring urinary glyphosate concentration. Moreover, this is the first biomonitoring report of urinary glyphosate levels in the Japanese general population.

Background. Dialysis water quality is one of the most important factors for ensuring the safe and effective delivery of hemodialysis. It has been known for over a decade that there might be hazardous contaminants in the water and concentrates used to prepare dialysis fluid. Rigorous international standards for the purification of dialysis fluids have been established, which were used in the present study to compare the quality of dialysis water as there is no national standard for dialysis water quality in Iraq. Objectives. There are more than 20 dialysis centers in Iraq, most of which contain similar units for the processing of dialysis water. The present study evaluated the quality of water used for dialysis in four dialysis centers located within Baghdad hospitals. Methods. Physical and chemical tests were carried out in the laboratory after sampling water from each dialysis center. Water samples were collected from three locations in each dialysis center. Hospital municipal water samples were collected from the tanks feeding dialysis units; samples of dialysis water were collected from the dialysis water treatment unit outlets; and samples of dialysis water were collected from the distribution network in dialysis rooms. Results. The results showed a fluctuation in the quality of the dialysis water (dialysis water and water from the dialysis distribution network), indicating that it is unacceptable compared to international standards. Chemical analysis showed that 75% of the dialysis water had elevated aluminum concentrations. Chemical analysis also found that dialysis water had elevated concentrations of free residual chlorine at some dialysis centers. Conclusions. All hemodialysis centers need careful monitoring and preventive maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the design of the water treatment units according to water quality. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

Objectives The prevalence of Coronavirus and its health-related psychosocial consequences is one of the most important human social events of the 21st century Nurses, due to close contact with patients, are vulnerable to be infected with Covid-19 Therefore, they face severe psychological consequences This study aimed to determine the relationship between Corona’s anxiety and nursing care behaviors in working in Corona referral hospitals in Kerman in 2020 Methods The present study is cross-sectional descriptive-correlational research Sampling was per-formed by the census method A total of 166 nurses entered the study In the present study, three demographic questionnaires, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) were used The analysis was done using Descriptive and Inferential statistics SPSS V 18 software Results The overall score of Corona anxiety among the nurses was 21 39±9 8, and the overall score of the nursing behavior of the studied nurses was 109 7±4 2 with a range of 94 to 118 Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed that there was no significant relationship between corona anxiety and caring behaviors Conclusion The present study showed that nurses working in corona wards suffer from moderate anxiety, and the level of caring behaviors provided by nurses was optimal According to the current study findings, it is suggested that during the outbreak of emerging and epidemic diseases, to reduce nursing staff’s anxiety, coping strategies and resilience skills, and problem-solving, managers should pay more attention © 2020, Iran University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved

The search for new antiepileptic drugs that would have greater margins of safety and fewer adverse effects is relevant. Thiazolidinone are a promising class for the development of new anticonvulsants. Aim. To conduct a screening study of new thiazolidinone derivatives for anticonvulsant activity on a seizure model induced by pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock; to analyze the structure – activity relationship; to reveal a lead-compound and investigate its dose-dependent manner. Materials and methods. Basic screening seizure models of pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock test were used in mice. The test original 9 thiazolidinone derivatives (100 mg/kg) and the reference drugs of sodium valproate (300 mg/kg), carbamazepine (40 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically 30 minutes before subcutaneous administration of pentylenetetrazol (90 mg/kg) or induction with maximal electroshock by giving a current with strength of 50 mA and frequency of 50 Hz for 0.2 s. In order to study the dose-dependent manner, the lead-compound was administered intragastrically in doses ranging from 25 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. Results. A total of 9 compounds were studied, of which 3 did not affect experimental convulsions, 2 showed proconvulsive activity, and 4 had an anticonvulsant effect. The lead-compound 5-[( Z )-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone was determined under laboratory code Les-6222, which exhibited the highest anticonvulsant properties. The “structure–anticonvulsant activity” relationship in a series of thiazolidinone derivatives was analyzed. The dose-dependent manner of 5-[( Z )-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)-4-thiazolidinone anticonvulsant effect was studied using 2 seizure models, and the most effective dose of 100 mg / kg was identified. Conclusions. 5-[( Z )-(4-nitrobenzylidene)]-2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)-4-thiazolidinone is a promising compound for in-depth studies on anticonvulsant and related pharmacological activities in order to develop new original anticonvulsants.