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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of exercise participation among patients following transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction surgery. Methods: A phenomenological method was used in this study. Exercise experiences for twelve patients, who had undergone TRAM flap breast reconstruction, were collected through focus group interviews. Results: The factors that contributed to exercise barriers in the experience of TRAM flap breast reconstruction patient exercise participation were categorized into 3 groups: 'fear of exercise after surgery', 'weakened emotional condition', and 'lack of exercise information'. Exercise facilitators after TRAM flap breast reconstruction were also categorized into 3 groups: 'desire to improve appearance', 'feasiable exercise program', and 'exercise experience'. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal the exercise barriers and facilitators for patients following TRAM flap breast reconstruction, which should be considered to develop effective exercise programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the exercise participation experiences of colorectal cancer survivors. Methods: A phenomenological method was used in this study. Ten adult colorectal cancer survivors were recruited and data were collected through in-depth interviews. Results: The factors involved in the experiences of colorectal cancer survivors' exercise participation were categorized into 3 parts: (1) mental depression and isolation due to physical change, (2) barriers of exercise, (3) exercise participation for recovery. Though participants were aware of their changed body after cancer treatment and faced difficulties participating in exercise, they want to overcome these challenges through exercise participation. Conclusion: The results of this study show the exercise participation experiences of colorectal cancer survivors. Based on these findings, exercise maintenance can be promoted more effectively, and a higher exercise adherence of colorectal cancer survivors can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between resting heart rate (RHR), the risk factors and prevalences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korean adults. Methods: A cross sectional analysis was performed on data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) using frequency analysis, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and logistic regression. Participants were stratified according to RHR into 5 groups; <60 bpm, 60-69 bpm, 70-79 bpm, 80-89 bpm, and ≥90 bpm. Results: The results show that risk factors of MetS and T2D increased as RHR increased. Compared to those with a RHR of <60 bpm, the prevalence of MetS increased in those with RHR of 60-69 bpm, 70-79 bpm, 80-89 bpm and ≥90 bpm by 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.08), 2.05 (95% CI, 1.42-2.96), 2.34 (95% CI, 1.57-3.48), and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.23-4.47), respectively. Similarly, compared to those with a RHR of <60 bpm, the prevalence of T2D increased in those with RHR of 60-69 bpm, 70-79 bpm, 80-89 bpm, and ≥90 bpm by 1.01 (95% CI, 0.72-1.41), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02-2.05), 1.83 (95% CI, 1.25-2.68), and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.30-4.44), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, RHR was significantly associated with risk factors and prevalences of MetS and T2D. This study suggests that RHR is associated with MetS and T2D and can be used to predict such diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity-induced insulin resistance is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, as potential mechanisms of increased insulin, how oxidative stress (OS) advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can be changed through exercise is not fully understood. Methods: A total of 36 C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD; n=19) or chow diet (Chow; n=17) for 7 weeks. The two groups were then divided into voluntary running wheel exercise or no-exercise subgroups each, and the four groups were provided with another 8 weeks of intervention: 1) HFD+exercise (HE; n=11), 2) HFD+no exercise (HN; n=8), 3) Chow+exercise (CE; n=8), and 4) Chow+no exercise (CN; n=9). Body weight, fasting insulin level, and AGEs were measured before and after intervention. ANOVA and Pearson's multiple correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis using SPSS statistics software version 20.0. Results: The HE group showed significantly greater weight reduction (P<0.01), while CE and CN did not show significantly different weight reductions between each other. Also, the fasting insulin level was significantly lower in the HE group than in the HN group. The 7-week HFD intervention significantly increased OS and AGEs. However, 8 weeks of exercise did not significantly change OS and AGEs among the groups. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that OS and AGEs may not be related to the pathway of exercise-induced improvement in insulin levels in obese mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of marathon running (42.195 km) on retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy middle aged Korean men. Methods: Fourteen men aged from 40 to 50 participated in the current study. Eight participants completed marathon running while six participants in the control group took a rest. Blood samples were collected 90 minutes before running the marathon and right after it. Blood samples from the control group were drawn approximately at the same time. Results: Marathon running (average marathon finishing time: 256.75±11.52 min) did not influence plasma levels of RBP4 (pre: 86.63±28.87 vs. post: 92.22±42.20 μg/mL) or CRP (pre: 0.04±0.04 vs. post: 0.04±0.04 mg/dL). After running the marathon, white blood cells increased by 235% (pre: 5.80±1.64 th/mm3 vs. post: 13.62±3.62 th/mm3). Total cholesterol level also increased significantly after marathon running (P<0.05). Conclusion: Marathon running did not affect RBP4 or CRP levels, but it increased WBC level significantly. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact physiological indicators associated with marathon running, as in WBC, RBP4, and CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to study the association between resting heart rate(HR), and the risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 856 subjects aged 18~65 years were recruited, and they participated in regular health checkup program from Nov 2008 to Feb 2009. Resting heart rate, physical composition, components of Mets (waist circumference, body pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose) of object people of this study were measured. Results: Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on their HR. Male subjects in the 1st tertile group had lower levels of diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting glucose, with higher levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol than those in the 2nd and 3rd tertile. Female subjects in the 1st tertile group had lower levels of diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose than those in the 2nd and 3rd tertile. Also, females in the 3rd tertile group had significantly higher triglycerides levels than those in the 1st and 2nd tertile. For subjects with BMI less than 23 kg/m² and HR greater than 76 beats/minute, the odds ratio of developing MetS was 7.08 (95% CI 1.60~31.36) compared to participants with HR under 76 beats/minute. Conclusion: HR was significantly associated with the presence of the MetS, independent of BMI. This study suggests that high HR may be an important factor for the prediction of MetS among Korean adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among the attitudes on exercise, physical activity and quality of life (QOL) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 42 patients in a hemodialysis unit participated in this study. Physical activity level was measured directly by 6 minute walking test and grip strength test. Structured questionnaires were also used for measuring their attitudes on exercise, physical activity and QOL. Participants' medical records were reviewed for obtaining their biochemical and clinical information. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, and multiple liner regression. Results: A significant positive correlation between participants' attitudes and physical activity level measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was found. And the physical activity level measured by Korea Activity Scale/Index (KASI) was significantly related to QOL. Conclusion: This study shows that QOL of the hemodialysis patients was significantly associated with their physical activity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is well known that obesity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, however, the association between fitness and metabolic syndrome risk factors among Koreans still need to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of obesity and physical fitness with metabolic syndrome risk factors among university students in korea. Methods: A total of 185 (Male: 118, Female: 67) students participated in the cross-sectional study. We measured physical fitness(push-up, sit-up, 1 mile run), body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome risk factors including waist-circumference (WC), fasting glucose, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: Results showed that 1) students with higher BMI had significantly increased WC, TG, and SBP (P < .05), 2) students with greater physical fitness had significantly decreased BMI, WC, fasting glucose and DBP (P < .05), 3) When subjects were divided into four groups: lean and fit, lean and unfit, fat and fit and fat and unfit, fat and unfit subjects showed the worst profile of metabolic syndrome risk. Conclusion: Our study showed that improvement of physical fitness and reduction of body fat are important factors for the prevention of metabolic syndrome in Korean university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]