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This paper examines how women react to employment environments when deciding on marriage and childbirth. This is accomplished by comparing female versus male retirement probabilities at age in their 30s by industry. Based on Korean Labor and Income Panel data between 2013-2019, We find that under harsh conditions in the labor market, the probability of women getting married, and hence giving birth, decreases. To put more detail into this, data findings obtained from the Regional Employment Surveys for the period between 2014 and 2019 show that the less-favorable-to-women industries have indicated a reduced and stagnant rate of married female employees over the last five years. These findings show that the disadvantages from the labor market reduce the chances for women to get married and give birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the provision of full child care subsidy to infants and toddlers differently affected female labor supply and fertility rate depending on the level of supply of child care centers in the place of residence. Our results on labor supply show that the higher the supply rate of childcare centers in residential areas, the higher the probability of career maintenance for multi-child mothers who are more likely to be admitted to a childcare facility. The results on the fertility rate show that the first child's fertility rate has increased since the support of childcare expenses in areas with higher rates of childcare centers. In the places where the supply rate of publicly-funded childcare centers is high, the second child's fertility rate has also increased significantly since the support of childcare expenses. This suggests that the quality of child care is an essential factor in determining the birth rate. Our results suggest that the effects of child care support on women's labor supply and fertility rate may differ depending on the priority of entering child care centers according to birth order and the degree of quantitative and qualitative supply of child care centers in the place of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]