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Temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） is a common type of epilepsy. It may lead to cognitive impairment when it becomes recurrent. However, how it happens remains unclear. Recently, noninvasive resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） has been used comprehensively in the clinical diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment for its high temporal and spatial resolution. To better understand the effectiveness of rs-fMRI in the diagnosis, his paper reviews the relevant literature, comprehensively analyzing the epileptogenic foci localization and neural network alterations displayed by rs-fMRI and exploring the insight to the mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment. Moreover, the paper has discussed the rs-fMRI's potential in predicting surgical outcomes and machine learning applications. This review is hoped to be conducive to improving treatment outcomes and providing novel approaches for more precise and intelligent interventions in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]