Search

前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）具有广泛的生理活性，是一种重要的脂质介质。为了实现PGF2α的绿色生物合成，构建了pET30a-TbPGFS、pET30a-MmPGHS、pET30a-GvPGHS载体并在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中分别表达，同时对异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达条件进行了优化以提高重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达量。另外，以最佳诱导表达条件下得到的重组蛋白为催化剂，催化花生四烯酸合成PGF2α。结果表明：MmPGHS蛋白在大肠杆菌中没有表达；GvPGHS蛋白的最佳诱导表达条件为诱导剂IPTG浓度0.2 mmol/L、诱导温度30 ℃、诱导时间2 h，TbPGFS蛋白的最佳诱导表达条件为诱导剂IPTG浓度0.2 mmol/L、诱导温度30 ℃、诱导时间6 h；在最佳诱导表达条件下，由GvPGHS和TbPGFS的粗酶液构成的双酶催化未能检测到产物PGF2α，而在酶偶联化学催化时，GvPGHS能将花生四烯酸转化为PGH2，PGH2被SnCl2进一步还原为PGF2α。综上，通过体外酶促反应结合化学法可高效转化花生四烯酸生产PGF2α。As the important lipid mediators, prostaglandin F2α（PGF2α）performs a wide range of physiological activities. To achieve the green biosynthesis of PGF2α, pET30a-TbPGFS, pET30a-MmPGHS and pET30a-GvPGHS vectors were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), respectively, and the induction expression conditions of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were optimized to improve the expression of the recombinant protein in E.coli. In addition, the recombinant protein obtained under the optimal conditions were used as a catalyst to catalyze the synthesis of PGF2α from arachidonic acid. The results showed that MmPGHS protein was not expressed in E. coli. However, GvPGHS protein performed the optimized expression under the conditions of IPTG concentration 0.2 mmol/L, induction temperature 30 ℃ and induction time 2 h, the TbPGFS protein performed the optimized expression under the conditions of IPTG concentration 0.2 mmol/L, induction temperature 30 ℃ and induction time 6 h. Under the above optimized conditions, PGF2α was not detected by the two-enzyme coupled catalysis system composed of crude extract of GvPGHS and TbPGFS. However, arachidonic acid was converted into PGH2 by GvPGHS, which was further reduced to PGF2α by SnCl2 under the enzyme-coupled chemical catalysis. In conclusion, In vitro enzymatic reaction combined with chemical method can efficiently convert arachidonic acid to produce PGF2α.

The experiment aimed to explore the effects of adding exogenous glutathione on the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity of Medicago sativa in severely cadmium (Cd) polluted pasture areas. The materials for the experiment were Zhongmu No.1, WL525HQ, Gannong No.3, and Gannong No.9, with three groups set up: The control group (CK group, Hoagland culture solution), the Cd treatment group (Cd group, Hoagland + 15 mg/L Cd), and the combined treatment group (Cd + GSH group, Hoagland + 15 mg/L Cd + 25 mg/L GSH) for hydroponic experiments. The relative water content of leaves (RWC), chlorophyll content (SPAD), stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The results showed that compared with the Cd group, the RWC, SPAD, Gs, Pn, Ci, and Tr of each variety in the Cd + GSH group were all improved to some extent. Compared with the Cd group, the MDA content of each variety in the Cd + GSH group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the Pro content of WL525HQ, Gannong No.3, and Zhongmu No.1 was significantly reduced after the addition of exogenous GSH (P<0.05). Compared with the Cd group, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in each variety of the Cd + GSH group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of Gannong No.9 and Gannong No.3 was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the activity of catalase (CAT) in WL525HQ, Gannong No.9, and Gannong No. 3 was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of exogenous GSH can alleviate the toxic effects of Cd on Medicago sativa in severely Cd-polluted pasture areas, reduce oxidative damage, and improve its adaptability, and there is a certain correlation between various physiological indicators of alfalfa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the role of endothelial cells in angiogenesis and myocardial remodeling in heart failure based on MAPKs pathway mediated by tumor endothelial marker 1 （TEM1）. Methods Sixty-four mice were equally randomized into four groups: sham operation, myocardial infarction （MI）, MI+sh-NC and MI+ sh-TEM1. On the 7th day after MI, the changes of EndMT in the infarct border area were detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the cardiac function of mice was evaluated by echocardiography on the 28th day. Mouse aortic endothelial cells （MAECs） were divided into three groups: control, Vector and rTEM1. In addition, MAECs were pretreated with MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the cells were treated with rTEM1 for 48 h. The changes of EndMT and MAPKs signaling pathways in endothelial cells were evaluated by Western blot. Results In the myocardium at the border of infarction, the level of TEM1-1 increased slightly on the 1st day after MI, reached the peak on the 7th day, and then decreased on the 28th day. Compared with Vector group, the expression of VECadherin protein in the rTEM1 group decreased significantly （P < 0.05）, and the levels of α-SMA and vimentin, relative migration distance, the number of invading cells, and the number of branching formation increased significantly （P < 0.05）. SB203580 reversed these changes of MAECs induced by rTEM1. Compared with the MI group, the co-staining level of CD31+Vimentin+ in the MI+sh-TEM1 group decreased significantly （P < 0.01）. On the 28th day, the LVEF and LVFS in the MI+sh-TEM1 group were significantly higher than those in MI group （P < 0.05）. Compared with the MI group, the expressions of p-P38/P38 and p-JNK/JNK in the endothelial cells of the MI+sh- TEM1 group decreased. Conclusion EndMT and angiogenesis induced by TEM1 participate in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibroblasts induced by MI, which may be mechanically related to the activation of MAPKs signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychological Science is the property of Psychological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To observe the effects of 20 chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of Treg cells. Methods Twenty agents used in routine chemotherapy were selected and assayed on IL-2- induced Treg cell proliferation through CellTrace labeling and flow cytometry. Results After treatment with 12 chemotherapeutic agents at non-cytotoxic concentration, the proportion as well as the number of Foxp3+Treg cells in CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced. Conclusions Twelve chemotherapeutic agents including 3 tubulin interfering agents, 3 transcription and RNA synthesis interfering agents and 2 topoisomerase inhibitors inhibited the proliferation of Treg cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment is the property of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Practical Medicine / Shiyong Yixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Practical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnology Bulletin is the property of Biotechnology Bulletin Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the differences of muscle nutritional components of Litopenaeus vannamei in multistory culture mode Takifugu obscurus + L. vannamei + Ipomoea aquatica) and monoculture mode, biochemical analysis method was used to analyze and compare the nutritional components of L. vannamei in these two culture modes. The results showed that the moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of shrimp muscle from multistory culture mode were 77.17%, 21.38% and 1.39%, respectively, which did not differ from monoculture model (74.96%, 22.40% and 1.40%, respectively), but the content of crude fat of the monoculture mode (1.02%) was significantly higher than that of the multistory culture mode (0.80%). 18 kinds of amino acids have been detected in L. vannamei muscle from two culture modes. Among the detected amino acids, 3 kinds of amino acids (tryptophan, glycine, and arginine) of the multistory culture mode were observed to be significantly higher than those of the monoculture mode. In addition, the significantly higher values of threonine, serine and methionine were found in multistory culture mode when compared to the monoculture mode. However, contents of alanine and proline in L. vannamei from multistory culture mode were significantly lower than those of the monoculture mode. The other 10 kinds of amino acids between the monoculture model and the multistory culture model did not differ significantly. The contents of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture model (86.08%, 31.19% and 44.17%) were slightly higher than those of the monoculture model (82.76%, 30.11% and 43.00%), but not differing significantly between two culture modes. The content of delicious amino acids (DAA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture mode (33.51%) was significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode (31.44%). Similarly, the content of half-essential amino acid (HEAA) (10.71%) of the multistory culture model was significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode (9.65%). No significant differences were observed in the essential amino acid index (EAAI) and the ratio of branched chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (F-value) between the monoculture mode (72.46, 2.14) and the multistory culture mode (72.65, 2.13). The proportion of saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (ΣMUFA) in L. vannamei muscle of the multistory culture mode (32.70%, 24.70%) were found to be higher than those of the monoculture mode (32.40%, 24.33%), but no significant differences were noted. In contrast, the multistory culture model reported lower values in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and EPA+DHA (42.61%, 8.84%) when compared to the monoculture mode (43.27%, 10.82%), but no statistically significant differences were observed. The results indicated that no significant differences in main common nutrient components in L. vannamei muscle were found between the two modes, but positive effects have been observed in growth performance in multistory culture mode as shrimp individuals can reach a bigger commercial size and the meat is more delicious according to amino acid analysis. Moreover, the multistory culture mode has the advantages of both ecological and economic benefits as it meets the reguirements of low-carbon and green development, so it is worth promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus is the property of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To systematically evaluate the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. Methods: The Chinese and English databases were searched. A search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, Vil' PubMed, Web of science and EBSCOhost to explore the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. Meta-analysis was conducted with the Meta comprehensive analysis software. Results: Totally 20 studies consisting 21 independent effect quantities involving 5273 participants, multiple databases were retrieved through the system. The included literatures were empirical studies with complete data, and high-quality literatures accounted for 75% of the total. There was a significant negative correlation between the level of self-compassion and the eating disorders symptoms (r = - 0. 40, P < 0.001) . Gender ( Q = 0.25), eating disorder measuring instrument ( Q = 6.36) and self-compassion measuring instrument ( Q = 5.47 ) had lower heterogeneity ( Ps > 0. 05), while the types of subjects (normal subj ects, eating disorder patients) had higher heterogeneity( Q = 4. 68, P < 0. 05) . Conclusion: It suggests that self-compassion is closely related to eating disorder symptoms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus is the property of Chinese Journal of Diabetes Mellitus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The more ancient poetic prose works in primary and middle school textbooks arouse new challenge for teachers. The investigation results show that the present curriculum of ancient Chinese in teacher’s colleges and universities can not meet the need of improving the quality of ancient Chinese civilization studies of the teachers in primary and middle schools. Therefore, teacher’s colleges and universities should pay more attention to the classical ancient Chinese corpus accumulation, the connection of knowledge in primary and middle schools, and the reserve of ancient cultural knowledge of their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore the behavioral intentions of the group that use APP (Application, referred to as APP) to watch the sports events. Based on the technology acceptance model, and the media richness was added as an external variable to analyze the factors which influenced the users who watched the sports events via APP. Methods: The method of this study adopted the questionnaire survey method, and the group that used APP to watch sports events was the main research object. A total number of valid questionnaires was 257 and analyzed by descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the study showed that the media richness was added to the technology acceptance model to explore the impact of APP perception on the ease of use and perceived usefulness of APP. Secondly, the path prediction hypothesis of the influence among all the variables of the technology acceptance model. All of them were established, and has a good mode fit. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, media richness had a positive impact on APP perceived usefulness and ease of use, and perceived usefulness was more influential than the perceived ease of use. Therefore, it was recommended that the APP operators should not only pay attention to the user interface of the APP, but also conform to the usage habits of the general public. On the same time, improve the usefulness of the APP and provide the sufficient information and high richness of the media to facilitate the smooth communication of information; that is, when the media was able to carry a wealth of information, it could reduce the occurrence of uncertainty and ambiguity to enhance the user's willingness to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)