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⑴ Background——Preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale is the primary task to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and forest areas are one of the main battlefields to prevent returning to poverty on a large-scale. Preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas is of great significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development. At present, there are still the risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas due to the factors such as social economy, unexpected environment and fragility of the main body. Resilient governance is a new concept of risk governance. The resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas can help to prevent and resolve the risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale, stimulate their endogenous driving force for development, and enhance their self-development ability. ⑵ Methods——First of all, this paper systematically clarified the potential risk factors of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas by induction method, which provided a theoretical basis for the resilient governance of preventing returning to poverty on a large-scale. Then, this paper theoretically constructed the mechanism framework of the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas. Finally, in view of the potential risk of returning to poverty on a large-scale, this paper put forward the resilient governance strategies of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas. ⑶ Results——First, there are three kinds of potential risk factors of returning to poverty on a large-scale in forest areas: macro-economy, unexpected environment and fragility of the main body. The macro-economy mainly includes the risk of forestry industry supply chain, the problem of rural hollowing out and the trade barrier of forest products. The unexpected environment mainly includes extreme meteorological disasters, geological disasters, biological disasters and other natural environmental risks and sudden diseases. The vulnerability of the main body mainly includes the self-development ability and endogenous driving force of the poverty-alleviated households. Second, based on the connotation of the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale, this paper constructs a mechanism framework for the resilient governance of returning to poverty on a large-scale from three dimensions: resistance and resilience, adaptation and transformation, learning and reengineering, namely, “all-capital resilience coupling-all-factor resilience interaction-whole-process resilience cycle”. Through the establishment of a resilient governance system with the organic integration of all capital, all factors and whole process, a resilient community of risk sharing and development participation is formed. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above analysis, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, build a community of resilient governance to enhance the subject resilience of the poverty-alleviated households and the governance resilience of the government. It is necessary to effectively guide the poverty-alleviated households to take the initiative to improve their self-development ability, their skills and re-creation ability through continuous re-education. The government should establish a dynamic response mechanism for the whole process and strengthen the application of intelligent emergency management. Second, establish a long-term guarantee mechanism to enhance the resilience of industries, talents, culture, ecology and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]