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[Objective] To investigate the effects of different composting agents on the population, dry matter accumulation, and yield of winter wheat under corn straw returning to the field. [Method] A field experiment was conducted in Nizhuang Village, Huangheya Town, Decheng District, Dezhou City. The experiment used a single factor randomized block method, with corn straw returning to the field without applying composting agents before winter wheat sowing as the control (CK), and corn straw returning to the field in a single season with 7 different composting agents as the treatment, the effect of different composting agents on the growth and yield of winter wheat after returning corn straw to the field was studied. [Result] The results showed that with the passage of growth period, the total stem number, dry matter accumulation, and grain dry matter weight of the T1, T4, and T7 treatments were higher than those of other treatments. Moreover, the decrease in total stem number of the wheat population from flowering to maturity (T1 8.13%, T4 8.29%, T7 12.75%) was relatively low, and there was a certain significant difference compared to other treatments. The grain yield of T1, T4, and T7 treatments was higher than that of other treatments, and the differences between them were significant. [Conclusion] It can be seen that returning corn straw to the field with the application of ripening agents can effectively promote the growth and development of winter wheat, significantly improve crop yield and efficiency, with T1, T4, and T7 being the best treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of different composting agents on nitrogen utilization and yield of winter wheat under corn straw returning to the field, a field experiment was conducted in Nizhuang Village, Huangheya Town, Decheng District, Dezhou City. The experiment used corn straw returning to the field without composting agents as a control (CK) before sowing winter wheat, and corn straw returning to the field was treated with 6 different composting agents, the effects of different composting agents on the growth, nitrogen utilization, and yield of winter wheat after returning corn straw to the field were studied. The results indicated that the nitrogen accumulation and transport capacity of nutrient organs in the flowering and mature stages of T1, T4, and T7 treatments were superior to other treatments. In addition, the contribution rates of nitrogen to grain nitrogen after flowering in T1, T4 and T7 treatments were 19.45%, 16.92% and 17.32% higher than those in CK treatment, respectively; the four indicators of grain yield, nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity in T1, T4, and T7 treatments were all higher than those in other treatments. The differences between these four indicators and other treatments were significant, and the nitrogen harvest index was 17.39%, 20.27% and 15.94% higher than CK, respectively. Finally, higher nitrogen absorption and utilization contributed to the improvement of wheat growth and grain yield. The grain yield of T1 (8 215.91 kg/hm²), T7(8 102.02 kg/hm²) and T4(8060.63 kg/hm²) treatments was 15.35%, 13.17% and 13.75% higher than CK, respectively. It can be seen that returning corn straw to the field with the application of composting agents can significantly improve crop yield and benefits, with T1, T4 and T7 being the best treatments. This study provides a technical reference for promoting nitrogen utilization and stable and high yield of wheat after the full return of corn straw to the field in the winter wheat corn rotation area of northern Shandong, and provides fuel for the smooth completion of the "ton half grain" project in Dezhou City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality traits of 36 local pepper germplasm resources in Shandong were analyzed by variance analysis, coefficient of variation analysis, membership analysis and cluster analysis of different fruit shapes, regions and cluster categories. The results showed that the variation coefficient of quality traits among different pepper germplasm resources ranged from 14. 37% to 110. 26%, and the variation coefficient of capsaicin content was the largest(110. 26%). In different fruit shapes, the average value of crude fiber content was significantly different between groups(P = 0. 013∗ ). The coefficient of variation of linear pepper was the largest(165. 22%). The average membership degree of the five quality indexes was between 0. 18 and 0. 65, and the comprehensive quality was quite different. The average membership degree was more than 0. 60, and the top three pepper germplasm resources were ranked from large to small as follows : L949(0. 65)= L958(0. 65) > L951 (0. 64)> L933(0. 61)= L945(0. 61)= LP220(0. 61);the six pepper germplasm materials have good quality traits and can be used in medicinal, feeding and food processing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to fully understand the quality of pepper germplasm resources in Shandong Province, the quality traits of 36 local pepper germplasm resources in Shandong Province were analyzed by different variance analysis, coefficient of variation analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficient of quality traits among different pepper germplasm resources ranged from 14.37% to 110.26%, and the variation coefficient of capsaicin content was the largest (110.26%). At the Euclidean distance of 98.3, 36 pepper germplasm resources could be clustered into three groups the first group accounted for 5.56%; group II accounted for 8.33%; group III (TT) accounted for the largest proportion, up to 86.11%. Further analysis of the cluster showed that the difference between ascorbic acid and capsaicin was extremely significant, and the coefficient of variation of capsaicin was the largest in group I and group III, and the coefficient of variation of crude protein in group II was the largest. In summary, group I can be used as an important additive in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and other industries in addition to fresh food and sauce. The group II can be used for medical medicine and livestock feeding, and can be used as an excellent material for industrial pepper variety breeding. Group III has a wide range of utilization and can be widely used in food processing industries such as fresh food, sauce making, hot pot and seasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The monolithic scintillation crystal detector has the ability to position the three-dimension interaction location of the gamma ray in the detector depending on accurate acquisition of scintillation light distribution. Depth estimation of light field can be solved by a lens array in light field technology. A new detector model was designed in the paper which introduced a lens array for positioning the interaction in the monolithic detector. The scintillation light is focused by each lens unit in the lens array. Photons in some discrete pixels of the photon counter array where the scintillation light is focus on are detected to form an image of multiple focus points instead of the scintillation light distribution detection based on continuous crystal. The position of the scintillation light source in the crystal can be reconstructed from the focus image through optical path inversion. The detector model consisting of a monolithic crystal, a lens array and a multi-pixel photon counter was established in the paper. The monolithic scintillator was a lutetium-yttrium silicate (LYSO) scintillator with dimensions 48 mm×48 mm×45 mm. The lens was hemispherical with a radius of 15 mm supposed to be uniformly distributed in 3×3 array and the material was as same as the crystal. The crystal and the lens array were considered as a whole in the simulation. The multi-pixel photon counter was set at 44.4 mm from the crystal surface. The pixel size of the photon counter array was 3 mm and the quantum efficiency was 30%. The axis of symmetry of the three parts was same. The reconstruction algorithm was based on optical path inversion from multiple focus points for locating the 3D position of gamma-ray interaction. The intersection points of the inverted optical paths and the set z plane with different depths in the crystal was calculated in the reconstruction process. When the intersection points converged towards the same point in the z0 plane, the depth of interaction was z0 and the intersection point in the z0 plane was the interaction point. The reconstruction results were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the monolithic scintillation crystal detector based on the lens array. The x/y resolution is better than 1.54 mm and the z resolution is better than 3.13 mm. The two interaction points when coincidence occurs are reconstruced in the condition that the energy is the same. The detector is feasible for the positioning of two interaction points by the reconstruction results of three groups of selected positions. The monolithic scintillation detector based on a lens array has both good positioning ability and position resolution. The detector is suitable for the position reconstruction of multiple interaction points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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