Analysis of the information such as release characteristics, spectroscopic properties, and fluorescence components of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in wheat straw in decomposition stages is of great significance for grasping the decomposition process of straw returning to field. In this study, under the simulated farmland soil conditions, the release characteristics, spectroscopic properties, and fluorescence components of DOM from wheat straw were analyzed by total organic carbon method, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the release process of DOM could be basically divided into three stages: early stage(0-5 d), middle stage(5-20 d), and late stage(20-60 d) of decomposition. The content of DOM first fluctuated for a short period, then decreased rapidly and finally increased gradually. Ultraviolet spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of DOM near 270-280 nm and 325 nm almost completely disappeared with the progress of wheat straw decomposition process. Infrared spectrum showed that wheat straw firstly released hydrophilic small molecular compounds, then mainly easily degradable biomacromolecules, and finally refractory biomacromolecules. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that protein-like, fulvic acid-like, and humic acidlike acids were the main components in the early stage, protein-like and humin-like acids were the main components in the middle stage, and fulvic acid-like acids was the main components in the late stage. The study showed that spectroscopy technologies could be used to analyze the decomposition process of DOM in straw and its fluorescence components types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]