The cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover,is an important and damaging pest of cotton crops worldwide and is now the most serious pest of cotton in Xinjiang,China.The weather in Xinjiang is extremely hot during the summer,with maximum daily temperatures consistently above 35℃.Temperature is an important environmental factor that can affect insect survival and fecundity,but how the biology of the cotton aphid is impacted by brief exposures to high temperatures is poorly understood.A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the effects of high-temperature shocks on the bionomics of A.gossypii in the laboratory.Cotton aphids were kept under the background conditions of(24±1)℃,(50±10)% RH,and a photoperiod of 14h ∶10h(light ∶dark).Adult aphids were exposed to high temperatures of 32,34,36,38,or 40℃ for 1—6 hours per day,and their mortality and fecundity were determined. Complementary log-log regression model considering the effects of both temperature and time could well simulate the daily mortality of aphids that had been briefly exposed to high-temperature conditions.Pearson′s chi-square test and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic showed that the regression function was significant when high-temperature shocks lasted for 1—4 h/d;t-tests indicated that the parameters of the models were significant(P0.05).The value of γj,the parameter for the time effect of temperature,changed as the number of treatment days increased,indicating that assessing the effects of both temperature and time was important and reliable. Analysis of variance showed that high-temperature shocks significantly affected the mortality and fecundity of the cotton aphid,and the effects depended on both the temperature and the duration of exposure.Analysis showed that the cumulative mortality of A.gossypii increased proportional to both temperature and duration of exposure.There was no significant difference in cumulative mortality of cotton aphids within the ranges of 32—38℃ for 1 h and 32—36℃ for 2—6 h.The cumulative mortality of A.gossypii increased rapidly when treated at 38 and 40℃ for 2—6 h.The median lethal temperature of A.gossypii decreased as both the hours per day and the number of days of heat treatment increased;the median lethal temperature decreased rapidly over 1—2 d by 10.66℃(1 h heat/day),2.54℃(2 h),0.85℃(4 h),and 1.54℃(6 h).The median lethal temperature of A.gossypii decreased rapidly as the number of treatment days increased when heat-treatment lasted for 1 h but increased more slowly with 2—6 h/day treatment.The reproduction rate of A.gossypii decreased as the temperature increased and varied with the hours of heat-treatment.No significant effect was found in reproduction rate at 32—36℃ for 1 h and at 32—34℃ for 2—6 h.Reproduction rate declined rapidly at 38℃ for 1—6 h;the average fecundity was only 0.97 nymphs per day at 38℃,the inflection point of high-temperature tolerance of A.gossypii.The observations provide basic information for improving the accuracy of pest forecasts and deciding when to spray insecticides.