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Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Potato Journal is the property of Northeast Agricultural University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis causes changes in spine structure, and the stress of the scoliosis spine changes accordingly. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae bear most of the stress load throughout the spine. Thus, this study simulates and analyzes the biomechanical characteristics of the thoracolumbar spine under different working conditions, which is very meaningful for the study of the etiology of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To establish a Lenke type 3 three-dimensional digital model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, to simulate and analyze the stress and displacement characteristics of scoliosis under six working conditions. METHODS: A case of adolescent patient with idiopathic scoliosis and double main curvature deformity was selected to undergo spine CT scan. The scanned Dicom format CT data were imported into Mimics software. According to the CT gray scale, the corresponding tissues were distinguished and stl or cloud point cloud format was exported. After denoising, paving, smoothing and other processing, the processed image was transferred to Hypermesh software for meshing. Specific material properties were given to the vertebral body and surrounding tissues. A three-dimensional finite element model of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was established to simulate the role of spinal ligaments. Finally, the mechanical analysis was performed in Abaqus & Ansys software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During flexion and extension, lateral flexion and rotation, the stress of vertebral body in lateral curvature (T6 and T12 vertebral body), thoracolumbar junction and lumbar vertebrae was larger, and the stress of facet joint and pedicle was larger than that of other parts. The stress from the apex to the end decreased gradually. (2) When lateral flexion and rotation motion, the stress at the concave part of the spine (T6-7 at the left margin, T10-11, and L3-4 at the right margin) was greater. (3) Three-dimensional finite element model of chest-waist segment of Lenke 3 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was successfully established. The simulation analysis showed that the stress and displacement of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at different positions under different loading conditions changed accordingly. The results of the study may provide global and regional quantitative indicators for the three-dimensional scoliosis correction, and provide a digital model for clinical device orthopedics and brace treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phosphites has been shown to be a new environmentally friendly chemical agent for crops, which could have increased their yield and resistance to disease. In this paper, the application and mechanism of phosphites as fungicides and functional fertilizers in agriculture are reviewed. The results show that phosphites have been widely used in plant diseases and pest control and plant nutrition in foreign countries. In China, its related research and application is lagging behind. Phosphoric acid as a bactericide in the inhibition of oomycetes such as Solanaceae, Brassica and other leafy vegetables has a good effect, while in the aspects of increasing the flowering, the yield, the fruit size and the soluble matter content of the strawberry, potato and other crops, it also has a good fertilizer effect. Mechanism studies have shown that phosphorous phosphates can be transported in the crop xylem and phloem of the two channels to speed up the absorption and utilization of nutrients; in disease resistance, the researchers generally believe that phosphite phosphate can induce crops to produce toxins and pathogenesis-related protein (PR protein), relying on salicylic acid (SA)to open the defense mechanism, so that crops can produce sustained immunity on the pathogen, but there is no clear conclusion until now. The results of this study could provide a reference for the promotion and application of phosphite in agriculture in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis, but the primary success rate of AVF remains poor. Successful AVF maturation requires vascular wall thickening and outward remodeling. A key factor determining successful AVF maturation is inflammation that is characterized by accumulation of both T-cells and macrophages. We have previously shown that anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are critically important for vascular wall thickening during venous remodeling; therefore, regulation of macrophage accumulation may be an important mechanism promoting AVF maturation. Since CD4+ T-cells such as T-helper type 1 cells, T-helper type 2 cells, and regulatory T-cells can induce macrophage migration, proliferation, and polarization, we hypothesized that CD4+ T-cells regulate macrophage accumulation to promote AVF maturation. Approach and Results: In a mouse aortocaval fistula model, T-cells temporally precede macrophages in the remodeling AVF wall. CsA (cyclosporine A; 5 mg/kg, sq, daily) or vehicle (5% dimethyl sulfoxide) was administered to inhibit T-cell function during venous remodeling. CsA reduced the numbers of T-helper type 1 cells, T-helper type 2, and regulatory T-cells, as well as M1- and M2-macrophage accumulation in the wall of the remodeling fistula; these effects were associated with reduced vascular wall thickening and increased outward remodeling in wild-type mice. However, these effects were eliminated in nude mice, showing that the effects of CsA on macrophage accumulation and adaptive venous remodeling are T-cell-dependent., Conclusions: T-cells regulate macrophage accumulation in the maturing venous wall to control adaptive remodeling. Regulation of T-cells during AVF maturation may be a strategy that can improve AVF maturation. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.