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Most patients with premature ovarian insufficiency exhibit reduced fertility due to reduced ovarian reserve. With the development of regenerative medicine, various mesenchymal stem cells are increasingly being considered for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells derived from menstrual blood can improve ovarian function and promote the recovery of fertility by differentiating into targeting exogenous cells, targeting the homing and implantation of injured sites, and effective secretion of a series of parasecretory cytokines by exosomes, with the advantages of rich sources, non-invasive acquisition and low immunogenicity. It is considered as a promising new method for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency, but the clinical application of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is not yet widely used. This paper reviews the effects of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on ovarian function and the possible mechanisms of treating premature ovarian insufficiency, providing theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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