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A ventilation system can often dominate a controllable environment in a pig house. A vertical ventilation system with roof and manure pit exhaust fans has been introduced into some newly built pig houses in Northern China, in order to improve the microclimate environment. However, it is still unclear on the adaptability of this ventilation system in cold seasons. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the ventilation system in northern China. A field measurement was also performed in the newly built pig house using the vertical ventilation pattern in Inner Mongolia. The pig house was equipped with air inlets on the sidewalls, while there was no ceiling inside. Two independent units (U1 and U3) of the pig house were selected for the experiment. Portable monitoring unit (PMU) and particulate concentration monitoring unit (PCMU), internet of things (IoT)-based environmental monitoring devices, were developed to continuously measure indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2 ), ammonia (NH3 ) and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) concentrations in autumn and winter. Ventilation rate was also recorded with the feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, initial and final average weight of the pigs. Then, the adaptability of the vertical ventilation was evaluated in the extremely cold climate using the indoor thermal, air quality and spatial uniformity of the pig house with production performance. Results show that the average temperature and relative humidity during measurement were 22.7 ℃ and 59.6 % in the ranges of 18.2-29.2 ℃ and 38.6 %- 82.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average ventilation rate fluctuated at 0.34-0.39 m³ /(h∙kg). Seasonal means of NH3, CO2 and TSP concentrations were 6.5 mg/m³, 2 200 mg/m³ and 2 915 μg/m³, which were fluctuated in 3.1-12.3 mg/m³, 1 244- 3 400 mg/m³, 1 563-4 215 μg/m3 , respectively. The thermal and air quality environment of the pig house was generally controlled in a suitable state for pigs. While effective environmental temperature was 27.1-30.7 ℃ in the pig house during the nursery period, indicating mild heat stress to the pigs with a duration of 12.9% of the measurement. The Non-uniformity Coefficient of temperature, relative humidity, and NH3, CO2, and TSP concentrations in the pig house were 0.01, 0.15, 0.45, 0.03, and 0.15, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum differences in the temperature, relative humidity, and NH3, CO2, and TSP concentrations in the indoor space were 1.5 ℃, 32.8%, 4.8 mg/m³, 445 mg/m³, and 1 296 μg/m³, respectively, indicating the relatively uniform distribution in the environment. Average ventilation rates of U1 and U3 units in the nursery period were 0.35 and 0.39 m³ /(h∙kg), respectively, which were 0.34 and 0.35 m³ /(h∙kg) during the fattening period. Generally, the ventilation of the pig house fully met the minimum demands in northern China in cold seasons. Moreover, the concentrations of NH3 and CO2 in pig houses were 50% and 52% lower than those without manure pit fans in Europe. There were also comparable daily weight gain (842 vs. 818 g/d), feed conversion ratio (2.68 vs. 2.79), and mortality rate (1.68% vs. 1.31%) of the pigs in the U1 and U3 test units. The thermal environment and air quality of the experimental pig house were suitable for the production performance of the pigs. In conclusion, the tested pig house was equipped with roof and manure pit exhaust fans but without ceiling settings, where the thermal and air quality environment was maintained in a suitable state in autumn and winter. Generally, the production performance of pigs was also achieved under such an environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the classification and biological characteristics of the pathogen causing anthracnose of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum in Guangxi, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and scientific control of the disease.【Method】The pathogen was isolated by tissue separation method and its pathogenicity was verified by living leaf inoculation tests. Furthermore, the pathogen was identified by its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of multi-locus[internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin (ACT), (β-tubulin) TUB2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),chitin synthase (CHS-1) and calmodulin (CAL)] sequences. The effects of different temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source and fungicide on the mycelial growth of pathogen were measured by colony growth rate method.【Result】Six fungal strains with consistent morphology and pathogenicity were isolated from diseased leaf tissue. The colony was nearly round, gray to dark gray in the middle, and gray white at the edge. The aerial mycelium was loose and flocculent. And the conidia were single celled and long oval. The morphological characteristics were consistent with those of Colletotrichum fructicola. The ITS, ACT, TUB2, GAPDH, CHS-1 and CAL gene sequences of representative strain H6 were amplified by PCR and analyzed by BLAST in NCBI. The results showed that these sequences had 99%-100% homology with several C. fruticola strains. Furthermore, these genes were used to construct phylogenetic trees. Strain H6 was found in the same branch as C. fructicola. Therefore, the pathogen was identified as C. fruticola. The results of biological characteristic tests showed that the optimum temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth of strain H6 were 28.0 °C,8.0,werexylitol and L-proline, respectively. Pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, ethylicin, carbendazim and prochloraz had strong inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of strain H6.【Conclusion】The pathogen causing anthracnose of L. chinense var. rubrum in Guangxi was identified as C. fructicola by morphological and molecular biological methods. The conditions of temperature, pH, carbon source and nitrogen source that were most suitable for the growth of the pathogen were verified. At the same time, several fungicides with strong inhibitory effect on the pathogen were also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的 评估简化侧后方入路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效.方法 采用简化侧后方入路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症73例,术前、术后行VAS、功能障碍指数(ODI)评估,使用改良Macnab疗效评定标准评估手术疗效.结果 术后第1周及1、3个月的VAS分别为(3.0±0.8)、(2.3±0.6)、(2.0±0.5)分,均显著低于术前的(8.0±1.4)分(P均＜0.01).术后第1周及1、3个月的ODI分别为30.2±9.2、14.3±4.4、13.8±7.3,均显著低于术前的78.2 ±16.6(P均＜0.01).术后第3个月评价疗效为优45例、良24例、可3例、差1例,优良率94.5％.术后3周内有2例因下肢疼痛缓解不满意再次行椎板间开窗手术,1例术后第2天发生灼性神经痛,经对症处理缓解.结论 简化侧后方入路椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效可靠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨东营市健康体检者骨量异常情况及其影响因素。方法 选取山东省东营市健康体检者 9 177 例，采用阿洛卡超声骨密度仪测量跟骨骨密度（BMD),分析性别、年龄、BMI对BMD的影响。结果骨量正常5 073例（55. 28% ),骨量异常4 104例(44. 72% ),其中骨量减少2 871例（31.28% )、骨质疏松1 233例（13. 43% )。 骨质疏松发生率女性（19. 86%)高于男性（8. 53%)，P <0. 05;骨量异常发生率女性（49. 62%)高于男性 (40.98%)，P<0.05。女性随着年龄的增长骨量异常发生率逐渐增高，P均<0.05;35<~45岁、45<~55岁、55< ~ 65岁、65 <~ 75岁及> 75岁组男、女性骨量异常发生率差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0. 05 )。随着BMI增加，男、 女性骨量异常发生率、骨质疏松发生率均呈下降趋势（P均<0.05)。结论东营市健康人群骨量异常率高，BMI、 性别、年龄均对骨量异常有影响。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]