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Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Arteriosclerosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Arteriosclerosis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Communication & Computer Science is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Combined with ecological models and vegetation indices, the effects of land use change on habitat quality in Kashgar region were studied at regional scale, providing theoretical basis for land resource management and habitat quality improvement for sustainable development in arid regions. [ Method] The habitat quality module of In VEST ( Integrated valuation of environmental services and trade offs) model was used to study the habitat quality changes in Kashgar region and analyze the impact of land use changes on habitat quality. The applicability of the In VEST model in the northwest arid zone was verified in combination with vegetation indices. [ Result] The mean value of habitat quality in the study area from 2000 to 2020 was 0. 47 - 0. 49, which was generally in the poor grade, and the habitat quality decreased year by year; The spatial distribution of habitat quality and habitat degradation was closely related to human activities, and the habitat quality grade was consistent with the distribution of land use. The quality of the habitat was correspondingly poorer in more intensive human-induced patterns of land use. The spatial distribution of habitat quality and habitat degradation was closely related to human activities. Habitat quality results from the model runs were strongly consistent in spatial distribution with normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) and leaf area index ( LAI) trends, and less consistent with net primary production ( NPP) of vegetation. [ Conclusion] The ecological model was combined with vegetation indices (NDVI, LAI, NPP) to verify that the InVEST model can analyze the habitat quality status of the study area more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking Sanya City as a case, based on POI data of six types of tourism and leisure forms, comprehensive use of spatial analysis technologies such as the nearest distance index, nuclear density estimation, multispatial clustering and geographical detectors to deeply measure and explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of Sanya tourism and leisure forms and their formation mechanism. The results show: (1)The overall number and characteristic spatial scale rise sharply, and the distribution pattern is "polar core-axis-surface domain"; mainly gather Sanya bay resort and spread the surrounding coastal area, and the agglomeration degree increases with the increase of spatial scale. (2) All kinds of tourism and leisure formats space agglomeration characteristics, including shopping, accommodation, catering industry and overall agglomeration characteristics have highly consistent, all kinds of formats agglomeration distribution characteristics are significantly different and scale dependence is obvious, the tourist attractions formats concentration degree with increasing time distance, the rest of the formats all increase after decrease. (3) The formation of Sanya tourism and leisure form space pattern is determined by the policy guidance of urban development orientation, that is, in the tourism and leisure demand upgrading and upgrading of urban development, from the economic level, population characteristics, traffic conditions and resource endowment affect the evolution of tourism and leisure business space pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale fracture permeability is a key parameter to control the enrichment and high yield of shale gas, and shale matrix permeability determines the stable and economic production of shale gas. It is particularly important to study the anisotropy characteristics of shale fracture and matrix permeability to ensure the long-term production of shale gas. Taking Marine shale in southeastern Chongqing as the research object, the influencing factors of shale fracture and matrix permeability anisotropy were explored. By means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and high-pressure mercury injection, the characteristics of shale fractures were analyzed and the shale fractures and matrix were distinguished. The triaxial permeability of shale under formation pressure was measured using cubic samples and 3D printed polymer membrane technology. The relationship between permeability anisotropy of shale fractures and matrix and characteristics of pore structure was revealed by qualitative observation, quantitative analysis and digital core. The results show that shale matrix permeability is mainly controlled by shale microstructure, while shale fracture permeability is mainly determined by fracture morphology and characteristics. The existence of microfractures increases the difference of fracture permeability between horizontal and vertical directions, but has little effect on the ratio of horizontal fracture permeability directions or even decreases. In the horizontal direction, minerals and organic matter are arranged in layers, which are easy to form a connected pore microfracture network, and increase the matrix permeability in the parallel bedding direction of shale, making it 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the vertical bedding direction. The difference of matrix permeability in horizontal direction is enhanced by sandy bands and laminaries. Morever, the matrix permeability in the three directions of shale has a positive correlation with the pore specific surface area, pore volume and average pore size, and the more developed micropores and mesoporous pores are, the higher matrix permeability of shale is. The research results are of great significance to further understand the theoretical issues of shale heterogeneity and its influence. The research results can provide a reference for shale gas exploration and development and provide a basis for economic exploitation of shale g [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of Higher Education & Self-Learning is the property of Intellectbase International Consortium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

采用利用内源荧光、1-苯氨基萘-8-磺酸(ANS)荧光、酶活性的测定以及动力学分析等手段，研究肌酸激酶在氧化型的二硫基苏糖醇(DTT)溶液中的结构与活性的变化.结果表明：随着氧化型DTT浓度的增加，肌酸激酶的活性逐渐丧失，直至完全失活，并伴随着构象的变化.肌酸激酶起初微小的结构变化就会导致酶活性的迅速丧失，而且其的失活先于明显可测的整体构象变化，酶分子的活性部位处于柔性区域内.另外，随着氧化型DTT浓度的提高，肌酸激酶的内源荧光发射峰位明显地红移，外源ANS荧光强度显著增强，即酶分子的疏水面加大，该结果暗示了酶蛋白的构象发生了改变.动力学分析表明，氧化型DTT对肌酸激酶的氧化过程是一个慢的可逆抑制过程，其反应的表观速率常数A的大小与氧化型DTT的浓度无关，因此是非络合型的.

利用内源荧光、1-苯氨基萘-8-磺酸(ANS)荧光、远紫外-圆二色光谱以及酶活力测定等手段研究了精氨酸激酶在1，1，1，3，3，3-六氟异丙醇(HFIP)溶液中变性后结构与活性的变化.为避免蛋白质聚沉的出现，实验中采用的变性剂浓度低于8%.当六氟异丙醇浓度为0.5%~1.5%时，蛋白质的二级结构和内源荧光发射峰位都没有发生明显的变化，而外源ANS荧光强度则显著增强.继续提高变性剂浓度至6%后，内源荧光发射峰位明显红移、二级结构含量增大、外源荧光减弱、酶活力完全丧失.内源荧光和外源ANS荧光的变化证明：在0.5%~1.5%六氟异丙醇浓度范围内，蛋白质分子以一种结构相对稳定并类似于天然蛋白结构的熔球态中间体的状态存在.这种熔球态中间体也是精氨酸激酶在去折叠过程中出现的一个平衡态中间体.

Bench terraces have been playing an important role in the control of soil and water loss in the loess plateau of China. However, it is still lacking on the effect of terrace construction on the rainfall-runoff processes in a watershed. Meanwhile, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model also remains rarely used to predict the hydrological evolution in the watershed that is distributed with the wide terrain modification including bench terraces. Since 1995, large-scale bench terraces have been constructed in the Luoyugou watershed of Gansu Province (34°35′21.7″-34°39′22″N, 105°30′33.8″-105°44′2.5″E) in China, particularly in the loess hilly and gully region. Taking the Luoyugou watershed as the research object, this study aims to clarify the influence of the terrace on the rainfall-runoff, further calibrating and improving the SCS-CN model. The rainfall-runoff process data was firstly collected in the study area. The 88 rainfall-runoff events were then selected, where 34 events occurred in 1985-1990 (before the terrace construction) and 54 events in 2000-2010 (after terrace construction). The results showed that the performance of the terrace in controlling runoff processes depended mainly on the rainfall events. The terrace significantly decreased in the peak discharge and the total runoff volume by more than 55% under the relatively small rainfall events, while only a very limited role was played in the peak discharge and runoff under the high rainfall events. The ratio of runoff to rainfall in the watershed significantly decreased from 0.13 in 1985-1990 to 0.06 in 2000-2010. All rainfall events were divided into small and moderate-heavy precipitation intensity events, according to the relationship between the rainfall and runoff. The least square method was first used to determine the parameters of the standard SCS-CN and two revised models by using the antecedent soil moisture. Then, an improved SCS-CN model was established, considering the rainfall amount and intensity. A correlation analysis was also made between the rainfall elements (rainfall, average rainfall intensity), and the event runoff curve numbers that were calculated from the collected rainfall-runoff data. The rainfall amount and intensity were then selected as the important factors affecting the event runoff curve numbers for the two types of precipitation. The improved model was finally verified to compare with the standard SCS-CN and two improved models using the antecedent soil moisture. The average initial loss rate in the precipitation was also calculated to verify the model. The results showed that the improved SCS-CN model was achieved in the best performance to effectively predict the rainfall-runoff process in the watershed distributed with bench terraces. Among them, the Nash efficiency coefficients were 0.291 and 0.439 for the small and high rainfall events, respectively, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.0 m, and 1.88 mm, respectively. By contrast, the standard and revised SCS-CN model failed to simulate the rainfall-runoff process, although considering the antecedent soil moisture. The Nash efficiency coefficients of the improved SCS-CN model increased, whereas the RMSE were reduced, compared with the standard SCS-CN. The initial loss rates were 0.29 and 0.02 for the small and high rainfall events, respectively, which was fully consistent with the field observation. Anyway, the improved SCS-CN model considering the rainfall factors performed the best for the rainfall-runoff process in the watershed with terraces. This finding can also provide a strong important tool for the planning and management of soil and water conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Accurate measurement of vegetation phenology in high-altitude mountainous areas is critical in understanding the response of sensitive ecosystems to global climate change. The extraction and comparison of the phenological information using phenological cameras (PhenoCams) and remote sensing technology can help evaluate the performance of PhenoCams in vegetation phenology extraction, which provides an important reference for the accuracy of remote sensing phenological data in mountainous areas. Methods: Firstly, the green chromatic coordinates (GCC) and normalization difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the vegetation are extracted for characterizing the profile of vegetation annual change based on the observed data from four PhenoCams stations and the remote sensing data in the Bayanbulak region of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Secondly, the denoising performance of seven filters for green index signals is comprehensively investigated. The phenological parameters extracted by 20 combinations of five curve fitting methods and four phenological parameter extraction methods are compared and analyzed. Results: (1) Vegetation PhenoCams can accurately provide high temporal resolution variation of GCC information of grasslands (including sparse vegetation types) in Tianshan mountainous areas, China, and they are effective means to observe mountain phenology and verify remote sensing phenology data. (2) Weather conditions such as rain and snow have a strong impact on GCC, and therefore it is necessary to select appropriate filters for denoising. (3) Curve fitting methods and phenological extraction methods have an important impact on the values of phenological parameters. Moreover, obvious differences exist between the extraction methods. The phenological values extracted by Threshold and Derivatives methods are similar, and the extraction start and stop periods can well match the artificially observed periods of rejuvenation and withering respectively. The phenological values extracted by the Klosterman method and Gu method are similar, which are consistent with the observations. (4)The effectiveness of 20 combinations in extracting phenological information from remote sensing data in mountainous areas is only 48%. The most effective extraction method for moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is the combination of Beck + Derivatives, and the best extraction methods for visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) data are the combination of Beck + Threshold and that of Elmore + Derivatives. Conclusions: PhenoCams data and remote sensing data have obvious differences in spatial and temporal scale, and the PhenoCams data provide a higher temporal resolution than the remote sensing data. Moreover, the PhenoCams data are less affected by weather conditions, and thus the signal pollution caused by weather conditions can be reduced. Regulating the operational PhenoCams observation and expanding the spectral observation range of PhenoCams will improve the extraction of phenological information and help validate remote sensing phenological information. All of this certainly can help build a stable and long-term scientific data set for vegetation observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods Used computers to search major databases, such as Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, Embase, VIP, web of science, PubMed, Medline and other databases, and search the randomized controlled trial of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation on postmenopausal osteoporosis from February 2021, Revman5.3 software was used to conduct quantitative meta-analysis on the literature that met the inclusion conditions. Results A total of 14 RCT literatures were included for quantitative analysis. The study involved 1218 patients. The analysis result showed that:（1）compared with the western medicine, the method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation had advantages in increasing effective rate of postmenopausal Osteoporosis [OR=2.57, 95%CI（1.37,4.83）,P=0.003], E2 level [MD=3.15, 95% CI（0.28,6.02）,P=0.03] and decreasing B-ALP level [MD=-17.63, 95%CI（-26.01,-9.25）, P<0.000 1], Ca/Cr level [MD=-0.14, 95% CI（-0.27,-0.01）, P<0.000 1]; there was no significant difference in bone mineral density of lumbar[MD=0.01, 95%CI（-0.02, 0.04）, P=0.42], bone mineral density of femoral neck [MD=0.00, 95%CI（-0.06, 0.05）, P=0.91], IGF-1 level[MD=31.71, 95%CI（-18.54,81.96）, P<0.000 1], IL-6 level[MD=-5.72,95%CI（-14.05, 2.61）, P=0.18], TNF-αlevel[MD=-13.51, 95%CI（-39.89, 12.86）, P<0.000 1] between the method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation and the western medicine.（2）Compared with the western medicine, the method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation combine with the western medicine had advantagesin increasing effective rate of postmenopausal osteoporosis[OR=5.44, 95%CI（2.71, 10.89）, P<0.000 01], bone mineral density of lumbar[MD=0.07, 95%CI（0.04, 0.11）, P<0.000 01], bone mineral density of femoral neck[MD=0.06, 95%CI（0.02, 0.09）, P=0.000 8], E2 level[MD =5.20, 95%CI（1.35, 9.06）, P=0.008] and decreasing B-ALP level[MD=-4.31, 95%CI（-5.53,-3.09）, P<0.000 01], IL-6 level[MD=-18.06, 95%CI（-26.56,-9.57）, P<0.000 1].（3）According to the clinical efficiency, lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, E2 level, IL-6 level, the result showed that compared with the simple method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation, the combination of the method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation with western medicine had synergistic effect. Conclusion The method of invigorating kidney, invigorating spleen and promoting blood circulation has a significant effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis, and it can increase efficiency together with western medicine, but more RCTs are needed to confirm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)