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In the academic circles of ancient Japanese history, the Tokharians, who drifted to the Japanese shores in 654 and 657, were thought to be the Dvaravatians who lived in a region that is now part of Thailand. Some believed that they were from Persia or the Tokhara Islands. However, in Chinese historical documents, including Buddhist texts, Tokhara was only used to refer to the Tokharians in the Western regions and thus, distinguished them from Dvaravati in Thailand and Persia. It is difficult to believe that the ancient Japanese did not know this. The Tokharians lived in the upper and middle valleys of the Amu, a region now part of northern Afghanistan. In the first half of the seventh century, the West Turk ruled Tokhara, and the Ashina royal family lived in the Katsu (near Kundus) and governed it. After 628, an insurrection erupted in West Turk and Islamic movements closed to Tokharistan in around 650. Around this time, the Ashina started to aggressively approach Tang. Tokhara vigorously approached Tang in the 650s. Caravans of Tokharian merchants traveled to Tang with the visit of the Tokharian delegate. The Tokharians who reached the Japanese shores are assumed to be some of them.

今回の交通社会実験は、明日香村の活性化を観光客の増加を図るという視点で実施した。その結果、レンタサイクルとバスの両方を組み合わせた村内の交通システムは効率的な移動による訪問個所数の増加や村内移動交通手段の効果や高齢者に対する利便性の向上など効果が認められた。それらから明日香村の観光の交通体系の整備と新たな観光拠点への対応について課題が明らかになった。これは観光だけでなく地元住民の生活交通への支障回避や自動車による環境負荷の低減の視点からも重要である。今後具体化する方策を考える必要がある。, The social experiment of traffic system in this time carried out the vitalization of Asuka-village with the view point that intends the increase of the tourist. The effect such as the improvement of the convenience nature to the effect and the aged of the movement traffic means within the increase and village of the visit point by the efficient movement the traffic system inside the village that combined, both of the rental cycle and buses as a result was admitted. The subject became clear about the correspondence to the upgrading and new sightseeing position of the traffic system of the sightseeing of Asuka-village from those. This is important even from the view point of the reduction of the environment load by the obstruction avoidance and automobile to the life traffic of a local end resident in addition to sightseeing. We need to think the plan that embodies it from now on.

・飛鳥寺の調査 1993-2次 ／ 佐川 正敏 ・飛鳥寺の調査 1993-1次 ／ 佐川 正敏 ・奥山・久米寺1992-1次調査 ／ 大脇 潔 ・川原寺1993-1次調査 ／ 佐川 正敏 ・山田道第6次調査 ／ 深沢 芳樹・佐川 正敏・伊藤 武 ・石神遺跡第12次調査 ／ 橋本 義則 ・甘橿丘東麓の調査（第71-11次）／ 金子 裕之 ・上ノ井手遺跡1993-1次調査 ／ 本中 真

低騒音STOL(短距離離着陸)実験機「飛鳥」は、1985年10月28日に初飛行を行い、1989年3月までの3カ年半の間に、97回の飛行実験により短距離離着陸飛行とパワード・リフトSTOL技術の実用化の可能性を実証した。本報告は飛行実験の実施体制、技術管理、飛行試験の経過、飛行試験結果の概要を含む飛行試験全般について述べるものである。, The quiet STOL research aircraft ASKA made its first flight on October 28 in 1985, and the flight test to verify the feasibility and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the powered-lift STOL technology lasted for three and half years until March 1989. This report presents all activities related to the flight test including general arrangements and summarized flight test results. The detailed technical results are shown in seperate NAL reports. After the flight test, ground roll tests and static powered lift tests on the ground were conducted to obtain supplemental data. Data analysis work that was carried out for 2 years shows the superior STOL performance of ASKA. For example, it was revealed that the attained C(sub Lmax) was six compared with the designed value of four, and the balanced field length was proved to be about 2000 ft which is 1000 ft less than the design estimation., 資料番号: AA0004151000, レポート番号: NAL TM-664

本稿は、ファンジェットSTOL(短距離離着陸)実験機(飛鳥)用に開発されたHUD(ヘッドアップディスプレイ)およびIRU(慣性基準装置)を航空宇宙技術研究所(NAL)所有のビーチクラフト65型クインエア実験用航空機に搭載して、HUDの有効性、ならびにIRUを飛行制御、計測のセンサとして用いるための精度、特性を評価するために行った飛行評価試験についてまとめたものである。この評価試験を通じて確認されたことは以下の通りである。(1)HUDが着陸時の飛行援助装置として有効である。(2)HUDが飛行試験の遂行においても有効である。(3)IRUは実環境下において認定基準を満足する性能を有する。また、今後の新しい航空機へのHUD、IRUの適用面においては、以下の点で有用なデータを提供した。(4)HUDを搭載する航空機のための基本的な飛行試験技術を確立した。(5)IRUの実機搭載による性能評価法を確立した。(6)レーダガイダンスなどと組み合わせたHUDによる新しい計器着陸技術の可能性を明らかにした。, A Head-Up Display (HUD) and an Inertial Reference Unit (IRU) were developed by the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) for the NAL QSTOL (Quiet Short Take Off and Landing) experimental aircraft (Aska). Flight tests were conducted in the B-65 Queen Air, and the performance of the HUD which provides the pilot with landing aid information, and the accuracy and characteristics of the IRU to be used for flight control and measurements were evaluated. The results indicated that the HUD accuracy and characteristics of the HUD as an approach and landing aid system were good, and also that the IRU was useful as a sensor for flight control and measurements. Furthermore, methods of evaluating HUD characteristics and IRU accuracy in-flight are discussed., 資料番号: AA0004146000, レポート番号: NAL TM-658

USB(上面吹出しフラップ)方式の高揚力装置を用いたSTOL(短距離離着陸)実験機「飛鳥」の、尾翼付近の流れ計測について記述する。主翼による吹下ろしは揚力に依存するので、高揚力のSTOL機の場合非常に大きくなる。そこで水平尾翼付近の吹下ろし角、横流れ角および動圧の様な流れの性質を計測するため、ピトー管およびベーンを水平尾翼に取り付け飛行試験を行った。計測の結果、以下の結論を得た。吹下ろし角およびδε/δαは、迎角およびフラップ角に従い増加する。地面効果内でも特に地面に近いところで、急激に吹下ろし角計測値が減少する。エンジンを1発絞った場合、横流れ角は機首を回転させるモーメントを助長するような方向へ変化する。動圧比は、ほとんどの場合1より大きい。特にエンジン推力の大きいときほど大きい。ベーン付きのピトー管を使う方法は吹下ろしの計測に適している。, This report describes the results of flow field measurement around the empennage of ASKA which is the STOL experimental aircraft with an Upper Surface Blowing (USB) type powered lift device. As the downwash is closely related to lift, it becomes very large for STOL aircraft with high lift. Flow characteristics such as downwash angle, sidewash angle, and dynamic pressure at the horizontal tail were measured by air data sensors with pitot-static tubes and vanes. The downwash and delta(sub epsilon)/delta(sub alpha) were shown to increase with the angle of attack and USB flap angle. The downwash decreased suddenly due to the ground effect. In the case of OEI (One Engine In motion), the sidewash causes a yawing moment. The q(sub h infinity)/q(sub infinity) is greater than one in most cases, and it was found to increase with engine thrust. This system, using the pitot tube with vanes, is convenient for downwash measurements., 資料番号: AA0004222000, レポート番号: NAL TR-1207

本報告書では低騒音STOL(短距離離着陸)実験機「飛鳥」の3種類のピトー静圧系統の位置誤差を述べる。「飛鳥」の位置誤差は静圧誤差のみより求め、総圧誤差は無視できると仮定した。電波高度計および航空機追跡用レーダによる基準高度の時歴を用い、圧力伝播遅れを補正することによって、速度および高度変化を伴うデータについても位置誤差解析を行った。また、着陸進入中の地面効果が位置誤差に及ぼす影響についても述べる。さらに、慣性速度を基準として高迎角時における位置誤差についても検討した。位置誤差解析結果は他の様々な飛行試験データ解析に使用されたほか、digital air data computerの位置誤差補正式に反映され、較正対気速度および位置誤差補正済み気圧高度がパイロットに表示された。, The position error is reported for three different pitot-static systems used in the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) Quiet Short Take-Off and Landing (QSTOL) experimental aircraft 'ASKA' being determined using only the static pressure error, and assuming that the total pressure error is negligible. It was found that a continuous reference altitude and a correction for pressure propagation lag realized determination of the position error during speed and altitude transition. The continuous reference altitude was obtained precisely by the combination of a radar altimeter and an aircraft tracking radar. The ground effect on the position error before touchdown is also reportcd. In addition the position error in high angle of attack cases was discussed. The resultant position error correction was used for various analyses of flight test data. Furthermore, it was incorporated into the Digital Air Data Computer to indicate the calibrated airspeed and altitude to the pilots., 資料番号: AA0004087000, レポート番号: NAL TR-1144