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Objective To investigate the need for and utilization of health services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, aiming to provide further evidence for the improvement of healthcare. Methods Using stratified random sampling, 1 921 individuals from six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups, aged 15 and above, were investigated with a structured questionnaire between August and December 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants’ information on health service needs and utilization. Results　Among the surveyed participants, the two-week prevalence rate was found to be 22.54%, while the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 38.52%. Among the residents, the risk of two-week prevalence was higher for females ( OR=1.564), individuals aged ≥60 years ( OR=1.727), and those who reported poorer health utility value (OR=5.277), while it was lower for residents of Keno (OR=0.470) and Lahu (OR=0.659) ethnicity, as well as those who reported higher EQ-VAS scores ( OR=0.446/0.174). Meanwhile, residents aged ≥45 years ( OR=3.392/7.072) were at higher risk for chronic disease prevalence, while it was lower for Keno ethnicity (OR=0.409), unmarried individuals (OR=0.479), and those with higher education levels (OR=0.629/0.603), higher EQ-VAS scores ( OR=0.208) P < 0.05. Additionally, among the participants, the treatment rate for two-week illness was 14.32%, while the non-treatment rate stood at 36.49%. Furthermore, the oneyear hospitalization rate was reported as 19.89%, with a corresponding rate of individuals who needed hospitalization but did not receive it being recorded at 15.86%. Among the residents, the likelihood of treatment for two-week illness was higher for females (OR=1.461) and residents aged ≥45 years (OR=1.510/1.560), whereas it was lower for individuals with higher EQ-VAS scores (OR=0.445). The likelihood of hospitalization within one year was also higher for residents aged ≥60 years (OR=2.029) and individuals of Nu (OR=1.599), Lisu (OR=1.688), and Keno (OR=1.968) ethnicity, whereas those with high EQ-VAS scores (OR=0.325) had a lower risk (P < 0.05). Conclusion In Yunnan Province, the need for healthcare services among six Zhiguo ethnic minority groups in this study is relatively low; however, the high prevalence of chronic diseases raises concerns. The utilization of healthcare services appears to be relatively sufficient, but the utilization of outpatient services still needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor(SGLT-2i)can reduce the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 62 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized for chemotherapy in the Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2019 to June 2022 due to breast cancer were collected. Univariate covariance analysis(continuous variables) and logistic regression(categorical variables) were used to determine the effect of SGLT-2ioncardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes after chemotherapy. Results SLGT-2itreatment shortened the PR interval of breast cancer patients after chemotherapy [MD =-10. 58, 95%CI(-21. 03, -0. 14), P =0. 047]. There was no significant effect on left ventricular ejection fraction [MD =1. 38, 95%CI(-1. 90, 4. 66), P =0. 405], left atrial diameter [MD =-0. 84, 95%CI(-3. 13, 1. 45), P =0. 470], left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [MD =0. 11, 95% CI(-2. 38, 2. 61), P =0. 927], interventricular septum end-diastolic thickness [MD = -0. 32, 95%CI (-0. 91, 0. 26), P =0. 271], left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness [MD =-0. 06, 95%CI(- 1. 53, 1. 41), P =0. 932] and QTc interval [MD =-6. 19, 95%CI(-19. 38, 7. 00), P =0. 357]. SGLT-2i had no significant effect on the efficacy of anthracyclines or trastuzumab [OR =0. 82, 95%CI(0. 05, 12. 82), P = 0. 885]. In terms of hypoglycemic effect, SGLT-2i was comparable to other hypoglycemic drugs [MD = -0. 80, 95%CI(-1. 62, 0. 03), P =0. 057]. In terms of adverse reactions, SGLT-2i did not cause additional renal function damage [MD =2. 37, 95%CI(-5. 33, 10. 06), P =0. 547]. Conclusion SGLT-2i does not affect the efficacy of anthracyclines or trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer, and can reduce the prolongation of PR interval after chemotherapy. However, theeffect of SGLT-2i on cardiac structure and function after chemotherapy needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment aims to study the effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Lingshan broilers. Total of 120 85-day-old healthy Lingshan broilers weighing about 1.5 kg were randomly divided into three groups, fourty in each group were divided into five replicates. The control group was only fed with the basic diet, and the firstand second groups were fed respectively with 2 mL, 3 mL compound probiotics in the basic diet, for 60 days. The growth performance, slaughtering performance, meat quality traits, fat metabolism, amino acid content and other indicators of different groups of experimental broilers were measured. The results showed that the compound probiotics had no significant effect on the growth performance of Lingshan broilers during the feeding period of 60 days (P>0.05); compared with the control group, the 50 d total clean bore rate, 40 d chest muscle rate and flavor amino acid level in group 1 were significantly increased (P<0.05); at 50 days, the rate of abdominal fat in groups 1 and 2 was significantly decreased (P< 0.05)；the content of breast muscle fat in groups 1 and 2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride of groups 1 and 2 decreased, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). To sum up, adding compound probiotics preparation in feed can improve the rate of clean breast and breast muscle, increase the level of flavor amino acids, reduce fat content, improve the meat quality of Lingshan broilers, and improve the flavor of broiler. The effect of adding 2 mL of compound probioticsdaily to the diet for one bird is best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the success rate, complications and influencing factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) puncture and catheterization under ultrasound guidance. Methods Clinical cases of veno-arterial ECMO were collected. The success rate and incidence of complications of ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheterization were analyzed. Meantime, gender, age, cardiac function (ejection fraction (EF) < 30%/EF 30%), target artery diameter (< 5.0 mm/ 5.0 mm), success of one-time puncture, hypertension and other variables were included. Univariate and/or multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of the overall success rate and complications of catheterization in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) patients (ECPR group) and non-ECPR patients (non-ECPR group). Results 65 cases of veno-arterial ECMO were included in the study, with an average age of(49.3 ± 18.2) years. 23 cases were assigned in the ECPR group and 42 cases in the non-ECPR group. The overall success rate of ultrasound-guided ECMO catheterization was 86%, 78% in the ECPR group and 91 % in non-ECPR group. 13 cases developed hematoma and 5 cases of distal limb ischemia after puncture.Logistic regression analyses showed that the target artery diameter and the success of one-time puncture were the influencing factors for the success rate of overall puncture and catheterization, and the success of one-time puncture was also the influencing factor for the incidence rate of hematoma (all P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the diameter of target artery was found to be a factor affecting the success rate of puncture and catheterization in the ECPR group (P < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant factor was found in the non-ECPR group (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Percutaneous ultrasound-guided ECMO catheterization has a high success rate and safety. For non-ECPR patients and those with target artery diameter of 5 mm, percutaneous ultrasound-guided ECMO catheterization is the optimal option. Successful one-time puncture should be guaranteed, which can not only improve the success rate of final puncture and catheterization, but also reduce the incidence of hematoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is one of the major limiting factors for potato growth and development. To select potato materials with high drought resistance, yield, plant height, SPAD value, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, detached leaf conductivity and detached leaf water loss capacity of 20 potato materials were measured and analyzed under regular irrigation and drought stress. The drought resistance coefficients of each trait were used as indicators of drought resistance, and the drought resistance of each potato material was evaluated by combining component analysis and fuzzy membership function method. All the indexes were correlated to some extents, with correlation coefficients ranging from -0.258 to -0.958. Principal component analysis showed that the two principal component factors covered 84.709% data information of six indicators of 20 potato materials. Cluster analysis with λ = 10 divided the 20 potato materials into three groups (high drought resistance, medium drought resistance and low drought resistance) based on drought resistance measurement value. Materials with high drought resistance, including 'GMY129', 'GMY041', 'GMY155', 'GMY141', 'GMY139', 'GMY151' and 'GMY114', were selected. This study would provide a theoretical reference for the screening and evaluation of drought-resistant germplasm resources of potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的：本次科学研究关键讨论社区护理干预方式对老年高血压病患临床治疗效果的影响。方法：本次科 学研究目标关键选择 2021年1月 到2021年12月本社区卫生服务中心进行护理的 98 例老年高血压病患。选用性別、年 纪和病情组间配对的标准将病人分成社区护理组以及常规护理组, 每组各 49 名病人。常规护理组病人开展基本医护 方式, 社区护理组开展社区护理的干预方式, 最后对比两组病人的血压值、日常生活的自理能力、日常生活品质、血 压高专业知识知晓率和医治的依从性。结果：病人进行护理以后, 社区护理组病人的舒张压和收缩压均小于常规护理 组的病人；医护后, 社区护理组病人日常生活品质得分和日常生活自理能力得分高过常规护理组的病人, 差别均具有 统计学意义（P < 0.05)。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the optimal conditions for the production of cellulase by Bacillus velezensis. The DNS method was used to determine the activities of cellulase and filter paper enzyme. The results showed that when the inoculation amount was 8%, the cellulase and filter paper enzyme activities were the highest. When the fermentation time was 72 h, the temperature was 45 ℃, the environment pH value was 6.6, the cellulase activity was the highest. When cellobiose was used as the carbon source nutrition, the activity of cellulase reached the maximum, the fermentation time was 48 h, the temperature was 45 ℃, and the pH value of the environment was 5.4. When the filter paper enzyme activity was the highest. When starch was used as the carbon source nutrition, the activity reached the maximum. The experiment indicates that the optimal conditions for cellulase production by Bacillus velezensis are 8% inoculum, fermentation time 72 h, temperature 45 ℃, initial environmental pH value of 6.6, and the most suitable carbon source is cellobiose. The optimal conditions for producing filter paper enzyme activity are 8% inoculum, fermentation time 48 h, temperature 45 ℃, initial environmental pH value of 5.4, and the most suitable carbon source is starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Stress urinary incontinence is one of the most common diseases of the lower urinary tract. Current treatment methods can only relieve symptoms, but cannot completely cure them. Regenerative medicine based on stem cells realizes the use of autologous cells, and its purpose is to treat the cause of urinary incontinence. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of various types of stem cells in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in and outside China in recent years. METHODS: Computer search of the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed databases from 2005 to 2020 was conducted. The search terms were “stem cells, stress urinary incontinence” in Chinese and English. Articles related to stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence were selected. The application of various types of stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence was summarized, organized, and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all the studies on stem cell treatment of stress urinary incontinence, muscle derived stem cells and adipose derived stem cells are most used. They can support the regeneration of target tissues related to stress urinary incontinence patients. The main purpose is to restore its original function by treating the dysfunctional sphincter. Most studies have shown that stem cells have great potential in treating stress urinary incontinence. It is hoped that more basic research on stem cell treatment of stress urinary incontinence can be transformed into clinical applications, making stress urinary incontinence a disease that can be cured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Complicated urethral stricture is a difficult problem faced by urological surgeons, and urethral reconstruction based on tissue engineering technology is expected to be an effective method to cure the disease. OBJECTIVE: To review recent research progress of tissue engineering urethral stent and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction. METHODS: With the keywords of “urethral reconstruction; urethral scaffold” in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search for articles published from 2005 to 2020 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. Articles addressing application of urethral scaffolds and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction were selected, and the applications of various types of urethral scaffolds materials and manufacturing techniques in urethral reconstruction were summarized, organized and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acellular matrix usually contains growth factors necessary for cell adhesion and differentiation. They can effectively mimic the extracellular matrix of the urothelium during urethral reconstruction, thereby benefiting the regeneration of urethral tissue. The natural-derived material scaffold was used to repair the urethra after cell inoculation, and the result showed a good effect. The biodegradable synthetic scaffold has sufficient porosity and can support cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, and signal molecules such as extracellular matrix components and growth factors can be incorporated into the scaffold structure, so the scaffold is likely to be the first choice for clinical application in the future. Advanced manufacturing technology combines these scaffold materials with cells or signal molecules to prepare a urethral scaffold with excellent performance, thereby promoting the recovery of urethral structure and function. It is hoped that more experimental studies on urethral stents can be transformed into clinical applications, and these urethral stents can be used for the complete repair of urethral strictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system and is a serious threat to patient. The continuous in-depth study of cancer stem cells provides a new therapeutic direction for the cure of bladder cancer, in which important markers and signaling pathways of bladder cancer stem cells provide a strong basis for targeted therapy of bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of major markers and signaling pathways of bladder cancer stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based search for articles published from 2004 to 2020 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. The key words were “bladder cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs)” in Chinese and English. We selected articles related to bladder cancer stem cell markers and signaling pathways, and summarized, sorted and discussed the role of important markers and signaling pathways in the initiation, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of bladder cancer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The markers and signaling pathways of bladder cancer stem cells play an important role in the development, progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of bladder cancer. The further study of them can provide new ideas for the further development of antibody targeted therapy against cancer stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of developed countries have entered the aging society in the world, and the global aging is increasingly serious. China entered in 1999, and now is in the accelerated development period. For successful aging, appropriate nutrition is a major determinant. Most age-related diseases can be prevented by taking appropriate nutritional interventions and eating foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants. In order to provide a reference for the current and future research and development in China, a comprehensive bibliometric visual analysis of the global elderly food research based on the Web of Science database from 1990 to 2020 was applied to reflect scientific influences and capabilities of relevant countries, understand the in-depth cooperation between countries, research institutions and authors, then to reveal the research hotspots and frontiers. The results showed that the total number of publications increases substantially in recent years, suggesting that more and more researchers have begun to pay attention to this field. A total of 64 countries or regions, 852 research institutions and 236 journals have carried out researches in this field. The United States is the major contributor to this research in the world. In addition, Japan, Netherlands, England, France, Brazil, Spain and other countries have also conducted in-depth research. Especially Spain, Norway, Netherlands and Sweden have surpassed the United States according to the number of citations per article. For China, high-quality research is still relatively rare. There is a huge gap between China and countries with better research. The University of Sao Paulo in Brazil is the most published research institution, and Duke University in the United States is the most cited institution in the world, both of which are all world-famous universities in history. It appears that most of the major research institutions are located in developed countries of Europe and America. At the same time, research institutions are very closely linked, and cross-regional cooperation and interdisciplinary integration are frequent. Two closest cooperation networks are very clear. The first is the network of Germany cooperation organization formed by more than ten institutions, such as University of Bonn, University of Leipzig and Technical University of Munich. The second the network of international cooperation organization formed by more than ten countries or regions, such as University of Athens in Greece, University of Lausanne in Switzerland and University of Innsbruck in Austria. The cooperation network in China is relatively weak, including the United States, France, England, Australia, Japan, Finland, Poland, etc. The main fields of global elderly food research are nutrition dietetics, food science and technology, geriatric gerontology, biochemistry and molecular biology, focusing on dietary supplement, health status and related risks. As the largest population country in the world, the research and development of the elderly foods are urgent and important in the period of accelerated aging development. The future research should be focused on the development of nutrient fortified food and functional food, strengthened the research on sensory modification based on the theory of geriatrics and nutrition, so as to meet the diversified nutritional needs of the elderly in respond to the global aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in the treatment of autoimmune-like drug-induced liver injury. Methods A total of 53 patients with autoimmune-like drug-induced liver injury who were hospitalized in Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 2016 to January 2019 was enrolled as observation group, and 50 patients with drug-induced liver injury who had no autoimmune symptoms were enrolled as control group. All patients were given magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate( 200 mg/d) for 4 weeks. Liver function and immunological indices were observed before and after treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded for all patients. Liver function was followed up every month for 6 months after treatment. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results After treatment, the observation group had significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase( ALT) [35. 4( 29. 2-42. 0) U/L vs 289. 0( 226. 6-460. 3) U/L, Z =-8.661, P <0. 001], aspartate aminotransferase( AST) [46. 3( 15.6-183.5) U/L vs 306. 3( 32. 2-589. 8) U/L, Z =-5. 271, P < 0. 001], gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase( GGT) [77. 0( 53. 2-183. 2) U/L vs 129. 0( 77. 8-232. 5) U/L, Z =-3. 437, P =0. 001], alkaline phosphatase( ALP) [83. 1( 64. 9-83. 1) U/L vs 119. 4( 104. 9-146. 9) U/L, Z =-3. 485, P < 0. 001], and total bilirubin( TBil)( 27. 5 ±10. 3 μmol/L vs 59. 7 ±18.6 μmol/L, t =6. 673, P <0. 001), and the control group also had significant reductions in ALT[33. 1( 14. 9-106. 4) U/L vs 300. 6( 206. 8-679. 5) U/L, Z =-8. 232, P < 0. 001], AST [44. 1( 20. 8-151. 6) U/L vs 321. 7( 36. 2-553. 2) U/L, Z =-3. 549, P < 0. 001], GGT [82. 7( 50. 6-168. 5) U/L vs 133. 5( 72. 2-254. 2) U/L, Z =-2. 364, P = 0. 018], ALP [87. 6( 74. 3-139. 4) U/L vs 128. 0( 106. 3-201. 4) U/L, Z =-4. 303, P < 0. 001], and TBil( 23. 8 ± 10. 9 μmol/L vs 58. 3 ±19. 8 μmol/L, t =-8. 450, P < 0. 001); however, there were no significant differences between the two groups after treatment( P >0. 05). For the observation group, the level of Ig G decreased from 15. 8 ± 3. 2 g/L before treatment to 14. 2 ± 2. 0 g/L after treatment, and among the 22 patients with elevated Ig G( > 16 g/L) before treatment, 18( 81. 8%) had an Ig G level back to normal. Among the 36 patients with positive anti-nuclear antibody, 19( 52. 7%) achieved negative conversion. No serious adverse reaction was observed in the two groups. In terms of the patients who underwent liver biopsy, the observation group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with neutrophil and/or eosinophil infiltration than the control group [53. 1%( 17/32) vs 17. 5%( 3/17), χ2= 5. 785, P = 0. 016]. Conclusion Magnesium glycyrrhizinate is safe and effective in the treatment of autoimmune-like drug-induced liver injury and can thus be selected as an alternative treatment method in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of fumarate hydratase antibody (anti-FH) in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Methods From March 2014 to December 2016, 105 patients with AIH who were hospitalized in Beijing You’an Hospital were enrolled as AIH group, and 92 patients with DILI were enrolled as DILI group. A total of 128 healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of anti-FH. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A consistency analysis of diagnostic compliance of anti-FH based on the Kappa test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of anti-FH in the diagnosis of AIH were analyzed. Results Compared with the DILI group, the AIH group had significantly higher positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody (72.4% vs 55.4%, χ2 = 6.147, P=0.013) and level of IgG ((18.3±6.1) g/L vs (15.2±5.4) g/L, t=-2.566, P=0.011)). The AIH group had a significantly higher positive rate of anti-FH than the DILI group and the control group (36.2% (38/67) vs 6.5% (6/92) and 2.3% (3/128), χ2=59.959, P＜0.001). In the diagnosis of AIH, anti-FH had a sensitivity of 36.2%, a specificity of 93.5%, a positive predictive value of 86.4%, and a negative predictive value of 93.5%. Conclusion Serum anti-FH has a certain reference value in the differential diagnosis of AIH and DILI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grasp of the moving capability of a robot is crucial to the motion planning and control of the robot. The moving capability of a hexapod robot which is used over rugged terrains is thus analyzed. First, the hexapod robot platform as well as the system design is introduced.Then, the kinematic models of the hexapod robot leg and the parallel mechanism consisting of the robot torso and each support leg are built respectively. Their workspaces are also analyzed.Finally, the hexapod robot simulation platform with a rugged terrain is built based on Adams and Matlab, and the motion simulation with the hexapod robot is performed. Results show that, through reasonable motion planning that takes account of both the moving capability and terrain profiles, it is possible to effectively enhance the mobility of a hexapod robot over rugged terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin K2 plays anti-osteoporosis effect on bone health. MK-7 has the strongest activity in vitamin K2 series. The mechanism of anti-osteoporosis of MK-7 was revealed by in vitro analysis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts culture, ovariectomized osteoporosis model, denervated osteoporosis model, suspended osteoporosis model, obese osteoporosis model and clinical research. The mechanism of anti-osteoporosis of MK-7:①γ-Carboxylation of glutamate residue in osteocalcin molecule through the carboxylation pathway of vitamin K2-dependent protein;②Inhibiting osteoclast formation, promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption, through stimulation of osteoblast differentiation, regulation of bone extracellular matrix mineralization and up-regulation of gene expression of bone markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iterative closest point( ICP) algorithm is usually used in the fine registration of point cloud because of its high registration accuracy, but its registration accuracy and iteration convergence depend on the initial registration position of the point cloud to be registered. This paper proposed an algorithm of spatial optimization transformation matrix combining genetic algorithm with spatial distribution entropy, in which used a new point cloud spatial position evaluation method as the objective function of genetic algorithm, it used the genetic operator to guide the solution of search direction. The algorithm achieved the minimum spatial distribution entropy through the new population of iterations, after which the coarse registration of point cloud was achieved by decoding the optimal individuals. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and feasible, and it can overcome the problem that traditional method can’t provide a good initial position when the defects and noise exist in the point cloud. The algorithm can directly realize point cloud registration within the acceptable error range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association of N-glycosylation mutation of HBV envelope protein with the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A total of 90 patients with HBV-ACLF were enrolled, and 60 patients with CHB were enrolled as control group. Nested PCR was used for the multiplication and sequencing of HBV S region, and the association of N-glycosylation of HBV envelope protein with the development ACLF was analyzed, as well as the association of N-glycosylation of HBV envelope protein with the severity and 90-day survival rate of ACLF. Results A total of 51 CHB patients (85.0%) and 79 HBV-ACLF patients (87.8%) were included in analysis. Among the CHB patients, 33 (64.7%) had Asn-59 N-glycosylation and 21 (41.2%) had Asn-4 N-glycosylation, while among the HBV-ACLF patients, 16 (20.3%) had Asn-59 N-glycosylation and 14 (17.7%) had Asn-4 N-glycosylation; there were significant differences in the numbers of cases of Asn-59 and Asn-4 N-glycosylation between the two groups (P＜0.001, and P=0.003). There were no significant differences in liver function, HBV DNA, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and 90-day survival rate between the ACLF patients with Asn-59 and Asn-4 N-glycosylation and those without such glycosylation (P＞0.05). Conclusion The reduction in Asn-59 and Asn-4 N-glycosylation induced by HBV envelope protein variation may be associated with the development of ACLF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 将小潮气量肺保护性通气用于老年腹腔镜全身麻醉(简称全麻)患者,分析其对患者通气功能的影响。方 法 选取2018年1-8月该院收治的60例老年腹腔镜全麻患者,将其随机分成研究组与对照组,各30例,对照组行常规机械通 气,研究组行小潮气量肺保护性通气,对2组干预效果进行观察。结果 研究组平台压、气道峰压、气道阻力各项指标与对照组比 较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T0时2组患者 PaO2 水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1、T2、T3时研究组 PaO2 水平与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而2组各时段 PaCO2 比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 小潮 气量肺保护性通气策略在老年腹腔镜全麻患者中应用价值较高,与传统大潮气量机械通气策略比较可更好保证患者血气指标及 气道功能,利于肺保护,值得临床应用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods occur frequently, and it is necessary to draw a map of water bodies distribution based on remote sensing images to observe the change of water bodies. An improved new superpixel segmentation algorithm (F-SLIC) was proposed to address the issue of misclassification in water segmentation of remote sensing images using the Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) algorithm. Firstly, based on the preprocessed Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images, the new water index WBAWI was calculated to highlight the characteristics of the water body. Combining linear feature enhancement with local ternary pattern (LTP) texture features to obtain new texture features (E＿LTP), incorporating SLIC algorithm for superpixel segmentation of WBAWI images. Finally, the superpixels of the water body were merged to obtain a complete water body contour. By extracting water body contours from the same area at different times, water body changes were effectively observed. The results show that compared with SLIC algorithm, F-SLIC algorithm has a higher boundary recall rate and undersegmentation error rate, solving the issue of difficult segmentation of small water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver inflammatory disease with unknown etiology, and at present, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AIH. Environmental exposure has an important impact on the development of AIH. Autoimmune ecology is the study of the interactions between individuals and their environment, the development of imbalance between individuals and environment, and the mechanism of such imbalance in promoting the development of autoimmune disease. This article reviews the research advances in the role of autoimmune ecology in the pathogenesis of AIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the characteristics of the ultra-low specific-speed centrifugal pump during startup period under shut-off condition, an ultra-low specific-speed centrifugal pump with the specific-speed of 25 was chosen as the research object. Unsteady numerical calculation under shut-off condition and transient condition was conducted for the ultra-low specific-speed centrifugal pump. The accuracy of numerical simulation was verified by experimental contrast. Based on the numerical results, the influence of different starting acceleration on the transient impact head, the difference between steady state and transient impact head, and the internal flow field were analyzed. The results showed that: The variation tendency of performance curve on shut-off condition under steady state condition was similar with the experiment, and along with the increase of rotational speed, the head under shut-off condition increased gradually. When the start was completed, the transient head was 8.32%, 6.13% and 4.19% higher than the steady state head, respectively, at 3 different starting accelerations, which indicated that the valve head change during the startup process had a significant transient effect. There was a significantly higher impact head at the end of startup processes with 3 different start accelerations, and with the increase of start acceleration, the impact head was also increased. With the rotation of the impeller acting fluid, the static pressure increased gradually with the increase of the radius. In addition to the impeller flow close to the tongue, the pressure distribution in the other channels was uniform, and the pressure gradient of the tongue was larger, which indicated that the volute tongue structure had an important influence on the distribution of the static pressure in the pump. With the increase of rotation speed, the static pressure increased gradually, and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the pump increased gradually. When the time was 0.4 s, a high pressure concentration area occurred at impeller outlet near the blade pressure surface, and along with the increase of rotation speed, the high pressure concentration area gradually disappeared. The pump pressure distribution gradually grew uniform with pump pressure increasing. At the same speed, static pressure distribution, absolute speed streamline, and relative speed streamline shaft section of inlet pipe during stable process were different from the distribution during transient startup process. The differences were narrow with the increase of rotational speed. At the same speed, the development of inside transient flow field during transient startup process generally lagged after stable condition. At the same speed, static pressure of steady state and startup period under shut-off condition was obviously different. At the beginning of startup period, the static pressure distribution difference was the maximum, and with the increase of speed, the static pressure distribution difference gradually decreased. The relative velocity of steady state and startup period under shut-off condition was obviously different. At the beginning of the startup process, the difference of the streamline distribution of relative velocity was the biggest; with the increase of rotating speed, the difference of pump flow field decreased gradually. The relative velocity of inlet pipe in the process of steady state was larger than that in the process of startup, and the ranges of vortex region and vortex number were greater than the transient process at the same time. Based on the above results, it was found that with the decrease of starting acceleration, the transient effect was weakened. The research results provide the reference for the further study of the characteristics of transient process of the ultra-low specific-speed centrifugal pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. change in intestinal flora, translocation between bacteria and their products. and bile acid metabolism are the important pathways for the development and progression of liver diseases. Hepatocytes are persistently exposed to intestinal metabolites and various antigens and antibodies via the portal vein system, and the constituents or metabolites of some intestinal bacteria can activate the autoimmune mechanism targeting hepatocytes through several mechanisms, including molecular mimicry. Therefore, intestinal flora plays an important role in the development/progression and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This article reviews the related research advances in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of corrosion on cavitation erosion, the experiment was performed on corrosion and cavitation erosion of 304 stainless steel samples. Different concentrations of sodium chloride solution were adopted for corrosion. The experiments of cavitation erosion were conducted based on the waterjet cavitation test bench conforming to ASTM G134-95 of standard test method for erosion of solid materials by a cavitating liquid jet. The cavitation erosion characteristics of the 304 austenitic stainless steel samples were comprehensively analyzed according to cumulative mass loss, surface morphology and surface roughness. The analysis results show that the corrosion degree of 304 stainless steel is weakened first with latter strengthening by increasing the concentration of NaCl solution. The corrosion of NaCl solution contributes to the delay of cavitation erosion in a certain concentration, and the delaying effect is enhanced first with latter mitigating with the increasing of NaCl solution concentration. The minimum cavitation erosion is obtained at the concentration of NaCl solution of 3. 5%. For the same corrosion time and cavitation erosion time, the plastic deformation is strengthened, and the thickness of twin layer of tested samples is gradually increased with the increasing of NaCl solution concentration, while the cumulative mass loss and the surface roughness are decreased first with latter increasing during the process. Compared to the sample undergoing cavitation erosion, the sample suffering from corrosion and cavitation erosion is featured by relatively slight cavitation erosion and smooth surface. Due to the cavitation erosion, the grains are preferentially oriented and refined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal zone is the strongest interaction zone among the land, ocean, and atmosphere, and it is also the area that is most affected by global climate, sea-level change, and human activities. The dynamic process of the coastal zone has obvious characteristics of the ocean-shelf-bay-coast multi-scale and multi-physical field, and its dynamic geomorphic process and response mechanism are special. The frequent occurrence of extreme meteorological events, such as typhoons, and the impact of strong human activities, such as engineering measures, have led to greater uncertainty in the dynamic geomorphic evolution of the coastal zone. The research progress of coastal dynamic geomorphology under high- intensity disturbance, extreme conditions, and strong human activities is summarized herein. Owing to the complexity of the multi-scale dynamic process of the coastal zone and the internal mechanism of coastal geomorphology response under the joint action of global climate change and human activities, it is necessary to study the characteristics of coastal dynamic geomorphology and explore the dynamic process and response mechanism of the coastal zone under high- intensity disturbance in the future from the multi- physical field perspective of atmosphere-wave- ocean-sediment, from the multi-scale perspective of ocean-shelf-bay- coast, and from the multi-process perspective of dynamic-sediment- geomorphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus velezensis TCS001 is a novel biocontrol bacterium from marine habitat. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of lipopeptides produced by TCS001 on 17 plant pathogens through mycelial growth-rate assay, and the underlying anti-fungal mechanisms were preliminarily explored with Botrytis cinerea. Results showed that the inhibitory rates of TCS001 lipopeptides against 17 plant pathogens ranged from 56.45% to 97.15%. The inhibitory rates to Botryosphaeria dothidea (causing Carya cathayensis canker disease), Macrophoma kawatsukai, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Botrytis cinerea, were 97.15%, 94.87%, 92.64%, 91.04%, and 89.55%, respectively. Pot test and optical microscope observation demonstrated that lipopeptides could limit B. cinerea growth in vivo and have teratogenic effect on hypha. The fermentation conditions for optimal lipopeptides production of TCS001 were determined by a single-factor experiment combined with response surface methodology. The three key factors that affected lipopeptide production most were the nitrogen source, carbon source, and fermentation temperature. The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows: soluble starch 10.5 g/L, peanut cake powder 18.5 g/L, NaCl 3.0 g/L, liquid volume 32%, inoculum volume 3%, fermentation pH 6.0, fermentation temperature 31 °C, seed age 16 h, rotation speed 164 r/min, fermentation time 48 h. There is a good fit between the predicted values and the actual values of the response surface. The actual yield of lipopeptides increased to 0.653 g/L, which was 1.59 times that of 0.41 g/L before optimization. The results lay a foundation for the subsequent development of TCS001 and provide a theoretical basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] It aims to investigate resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae in drinking water of chicken farm, and analyze the correlation between them, to provide references for effective prevention of the disease. [Method] Strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated and identified from the drinking water system of a chicken farm. The resistances of the isolated strains to 25 antibiotics were detected by the drug-sensitive disk diffusion method. The presence of common drug-resistance genes in all these strains was detected by PCR. The whole genomes of four strains of K. pneumoniae were sequenced to analyze and predict the carrying of drug resistance genes by the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD). [Result] Nine strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from the drinking water system of the chicken farm. The results of drug sensitivity testing revealed that these strains were multiple drug resistant, and only susceptive to colistin sulfate. Thirteen common drug resistance genes carried by all nine strains were confirmed by PCR, and consistency between drug resistance phenotypes and genes was observed in 12 resistant genes including β-lactamase resistance genes CMY-1, BlaSHV and BlaCTX-M; carbapenem resistance gene KPC; quinolone resistance genes QnrB, QnrS and QnrA; aminoglycoside resistance gene Aph(3')-Ia; sulfa resistance gene Sul2 and etc; while inconsistency between the presence of Mcr-1 and its corresponding phenotype was observed. A total of 59 resistance genes, involving 31 classes of antibiotics, were carried by four strains of K. pneumoniae through whole genome scanning analysis. Among these, the number of genes resistant to tetracycline antibiotics was maximum, followed by genes resistant to macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Additionally, a total of 23 drug-resistant genes were predicted when the coverage and homology were both set at a rate of higher than 98%, including FosA6, CRP, KpnF, KpnFG, KpnE, OqxA, OqsB, SHV-11, Tet(D), CTX-M-27, QnrB65, DHA-1, Aph(4')-Ia, MsrE, QnrB2, Aph(3')-Ia, Sul1, CmlA6, FloR, AadA12, Ant(3')-IIa, ArmA and Sul2. [Conclusion] Strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from the drinking water of the chicken farm show serious drug resistance and carried multiple drug resistance genes, among which Mcr-1 gene is detected on the isolated strains. However, the isolated strains are sensitive to polymyxin, and the D-type carbapenemase OXA-48 gene was not detected in the isolated strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state visual evoked potential ( SSVEP ) responses vary greatly among individuals, which results in the quality difference of EEG signals from subjects in different environments. So, the effect of EEG data interval on CCA ( canonical correlation analysis) and ECCA( extended canonical correlation analysis) classification results is investigated. The optimal data interval of EEG signals is determined through grid search, then, the EEG features in the optimal data interval are identified by CCA and ECCA, with the recognition results improved. The results show that the information transfer rate ( ITR) can be effectively improved by optimizing the starting and ending points of the data interval. The average ITRs of CCA and ECCA classification after interval optimization are ( 61 . 18 ± 27. 20 ) bit/ min and ( 71. 37 ± 32. 24 ) bit/min, which are 29. 89% and 8. 3% higher than that of the traditional method which only optimizes the ending point of data interval. The results proved that the performance of SSVEP algorithm can be improved by optimizing data interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA)， the positioning accuracy is generally affected by uncertainties existing in the system. A robust position controller based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT) is proposed， which can describe the parametric uncertainties of human operators， master manipulator and environment in the templates for quantitative computation of the bounds and visualized adjustment between system stability and transparency， thus to improve the positioning accuracy of the bilateral-controlled EHA.Using this controller， four commonly used bilateral control schemes were tested based on an EHA test rig and a haptic device with force feedback. The verification experiments were performed in contact with soft and hard environments， which finally proved that the FR scheme was the most suitable for EHA remote control among the four due to its simple structure and excellent transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is located in the middle mountainous region of Hainan Province, and it has a diverse landscape with 95.56% forest coverage. Studying the evolutionary aspects of the landscape pattern in time and space in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is extremely important for preserving and enhancing Hainan Province's ecological security barrier. The landscape pattern index, single-motion landscape dynamic attitude and landscape transfer matrix were used to examine the geographical and temporal evolution features of the landscape pattern of 10 land cover patterns in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park between 2015 and 2020. This study used ground cover data from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park between 2015 and 2020 to develop a landscape pattern distribution system based on actual ecological situations. Other elements that affected the evolution of the landscape pattern in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park included policies, climate and other natural and human factors. The results were as follows:(1)The overall landscape fragmentation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park reduced from 2015 to 2020, increasing spatial agglomeration of the landscape, decreasing integrated dynamic attitude, and generally steady development of landscape patterns.(2)The area of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the tropical rainforest increased in five years, with an increase of 531.38 km2, a decrease in fragmentation, and a positive growth trend, and the landscape tends to be concentrated in patches; on the other hand, the area of needle-leaved forest and shrubwood significantly reduced, with losses of 189.53 km2 and 294.74 km2 respectively; there was also a partial transformation of water, and the area of the water landscape had been somewhat reduced, and the patches tended to be concentrated and spread; the remainder of the landscape patterns accounted for a relatively modest amount, and developed and changed in the direction of natural succession.(3)The landscape pattern evolution of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was primarily based on natural succession of the rainforest, followed by a comprehensive impact of policy, climate and other factors, which reduced human factors on the tropical rainforest landscape interference and was conducive to improving the rainforest ecosystem's self-healing capacity. To summarize, the landscape pattern of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has been stable since the commencement of the pilot project, and policy direction has played an essential constructive role. The targeted conservation and restoration of the tropical rainforest landscape will help to the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the insecticidal activity and field efficacy of seven insecticides （IRAC 28group： chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole and thiotraniliprole, IRAC 30 group： broflanilide and isocycloseram）on lepidopterous pests, the bioactivity assays against Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera and Chilo suppressalis were performed by immersion method, and the field trials were conducted to evaluate the control efficacy on P. xylostella and S. exigua. The bioassay showed that the toxicities of isocycloseram against P. xylostella, S. exigua and C. suppressalis were the highest, with LC50 values of 0.0040, 0.0521 and 0.0078 mg/L, respectively. Followed by broflanilide, the LC50 values were 0.0198, 0.0584 and 0.0339 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 values of the other five insecticides against P. xylostella, S. exigua and C. suppressalis were 0.0212-0.1378 mg/L, 0.2577-0.8080 mg/L and 0.2886-1.2277 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of thiotraniliprole against H. armigera was an highest with the LC50 value of 0.0218 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of the other 6 insecticides (LC50 values were 0.0694-0.2747 mg/L). The field trials for controlling P. xylostella showed that the control efficacy of IRAC 30 group insecticides at a dose of 30 a.i. g/hm2 was 95.60%-96.68% at 7 d after treatment, significantly higher than that of IRAC 28 group insecticides at the dose of 30 a.i. g/hm2 and 60 a.i. g/hm2 (49.07%-81.77% and 57.47%-85.90%). The control efficacy of thiotraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and tetrachlorantraniliprole was over 80% at the dose of 60 a.i. g/hm2, which was higher than that of chlorantraniliprole (57.47%). The control efficacy of broflanilide against S. exigua was 96.45% after 7 d treatment at a dose of 22.5 a.i. g/hm², which was higher than that of the other six insecticides at a dose of 22.5 and 45 a.i. g/hm2 (62.34%-86.75% and 68.06%-85.56%). Chlorantraniliprole showed the weakest effect on S. exigua (62.34%). The research showed that the seven insecticides tested had high activity against four lepidopterous pests, but variations of control effect existed under field trials. Field populations of P. xylostella and S. exigua were likely to have developed different levels of resistance to insecticides in IRAC 28 group. Corresponding resistance management strategies need to be launched timely and the development and application of insecticides in IRAC 30 group need to be accelerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the usage of glyphosate, delay the growth of glyphosate-resistant weeds, and expand the weed control spectrum of glyphosate, the effect of temperature, light and simulated rainfall on herbicidal activity, and the absorption and conductivity of glyphosate and X18002[compound name was ethyl 3-(2-chloro-5-(3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5- methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate] were studied by indoor bioassays. Mixture proportion screening tests and tank-mix field trials were carried out after investigating the difference between glyphosate and X18002 and the necessity of a mixture. The result showed that the fresh-weight inhibition rate of X18002 (37.50 g a.i/hm² ) and glyphosate (600.0 g a.i/hm² ) against Portulaca oleracea L. and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. under high (30-35 ℃) and medium (20-25 ℃) temperatures were 83.48%-100.0%, significantly higher than those under the low temperature (10-15 ℃). The herbicidal activity was significantly reduced under low temperature. The fresh-weight inhibition rates of X18002 (37.50 g a.i/hm2 ) were 16.03%-95.46% and 2.24%-85.04%, significantly increased with the increase of illuminance within the range of 0-22 000 lx. X18002 was proved to be light-demanding herbicide, while glyphosate was proved to be a light-independent herbicide. X18002 had stable herbicide activity with no significant decrease of fresh-weight inhibition rate between simulated rainfall after 0.5 h of application, which was 100.0% and 81.76%-87.62% to P. oleracea and E. indica, and unsimulated rainfall with a dose of 37.50 g a.i/hm² . Glyphosate had a weak rainfastness with a significant decrease in inhibition rate when simulated rainfall within 0.5-8 h of application compared to unsimulated rainfall with a dose of 600.0 g a.i/hm² . The absorption and conductivity tests showed that both two compounds could be absorbed by the root, stem, and leaf of Abutilon theophrasti Medic.. Compared to X18002, which only had acropetal translocation capability, glyphosate had the ability of acropetal and basipetal translocation. The proportions of mixture which showed the synergistic effect on Erigeron canadensis L., E. indica and Cyperus iria L. were 1 : 10 and 1 : 20. The result of the field trials showed that total control effect of X18002 + glyphosate tank-mix at 45.0 + 450.0 g a.i./hm² dosage on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., E. canadensis, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and C. iria were better than or equivalent to glyphosate at 1200.0 g a.i./hm² treatment. The usage of glyphosate could reduce to 750.0 g a.i./hm² . Meanwhile, X18002 + glyphosate tank-mix at 45.0 + 450.0 g a.i./hm² treatment had a faster action than glyphosate and a longer lasting effective period than X18002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Uncinate processes hyperplasia often leads to cervical spondylosis. Uncinate process resection without internal fixation is of great significance, but there are still many problems. OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the whole cervical vertebrae (C0-T1), and to explore the characteristics and laws of stress change after excising different ranges of the uncinate process, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the surgical treatment of clinical cervical spondylosis. METHODS: Raw data were obtained from spiral CT thin-section scans of 40-year-old male normal adult volunteers. Mimics, GeomagicStudio, Hypermesh, Abaqus and other software technologies were used to establish (C0-T1) full cervical three-dimensional finite element model. Models of 50% unilateral uncinate processes excision, 100% unilateral uncinate processes excision and 100% bilateral uncinate processes excision were constructed on the C5 vertebral body. After loading the same torque, six working conditions of flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation were assigned to observe changes of stress and displacement of the cervical facet joint in different states after the resection of the uncinate process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) By constructing the finite element model of the normal cervical vertebrae and the uncinate process in different ranges, after loading the same torque, the stress concentration area of the cervical articular process was now moved up from C6 in the normal group to C5 in the different ranges of uncinate process excision groups. The stress of the nodal process increased with the increase of the vertebral sequence. (2) The stress concentration areas were located at C5 and C6, and the overall shape was sharp. The degree of resection of the uncinate process reduced the stability of the cervical spine, and the degree of reduction increased with the extent of resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichoderma spp. is a class of beneficial microorganisms that not only can promote plant growth but also induce plants to develop tolerance to biological and abiotic stresses. Our laboratory obtained a bacterial strain TCS007 from Antarctic marine sediments and it is identified as a Trichoderma asperellum. Previous studies have shown that TCS007 can significantly improve the ability of plants to resist salt and cold. In this paper, the role of TCS007 in inducing plant drought resistance was studied at the physiological and biochemical levels in fava beans. The experiment was conducted using the greenhouse potting method to determine the physiological and biochemical indicators of fava beans under different treatment conditions. The results showed that when treated with TCS007 spore suspension, the height, total weight, fresh root weight and total chlorophyll content of fava beans increased by 28.7％, 42.9％, 34.2％ and 26.2%, the total sugar, total protein content, and relative water content of fava beans leaves increased by 11.1%-106.0%, 38.0%-68.8% and 7.0%-19.0%, respectively, compared with blank control (CK) under drought-stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 28.8%, 13.3% and 8.0% in the roots stems and leaves of fava beans, peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 10.8%, 22.4% and 14.8%, respectively, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased by 37.2%, 14.7% and 12.1%, respectively. In addition, the content of plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots, stems and leaves of fava beans increased by 21.1%-33.2%, 44.9%-60.6% and 28.2%-78.7%, and the content of auxin indoleacetic acid (IAA) increased by 20.9%- 29.0%, 19.7%-37.3% and 11.1%-23.8%, respectively. These results suggested that TCS007 can improve the drought resistance of fava beans at physiological and biochemical levels. This work provides a theoretical basis for the development of TCS007 into a bacterial fertilizer product of Trichoderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The trial explores the effect of compound plant essential oil from the nutmeg and basill on the performance and intestinal microflora of yellow-feathered broilers.【Method】3 942 1-day-old Jiangcun yellow broilers were divided into three treatments groups (low-dose compound essential oil group, high-dose compound essential oil group and blank control group). The experiment lasted for 60 days. At the age of 60 days, all broilers were weighed, and the number of survival chickens, the number of dead and unqualified chickens, feed consumption of each replicates were recorded, and the percentage of survival chickens, weight gain and feed-gain ratio were calculated. At the same time, 5 chickens were randomly selected from each group and killed with neck cut. The contents of jejunum and cecum were respectively extracted, and bacterial nucleic acid was extracted, the 16S rDNA V3-V4 variable region was high-throughput sequencing to analyze the intestinal microflora of jejunum and cecum of broilers.【Result】The feed-gain ratio of the high dose group and the low dose group was 2.40, which was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (2.71, P<0.01), and the feed conversion rate was increased by 11.4%. The results of jejunum microflora analysis showed that Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria at phylum level followed by Actinobacteriota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria at genus level. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota in jejunum in high-dose and low-dose groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Aeriscardovia, Bifidobacterium and Weissella in jejunum of compound essential oil low-dose group was significantly higher than that of blank control group (P<0.05). The results of cecal microflora analysis showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria at phylum level. The relative abundance of Clostridia-vadinBB60-group and Alistipes in high-dose and low-dose compound essential oil groups was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05), and that of Clostridia-UCG-014 in high-dose compound essential oil group was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroides in high dose compound essential oil group was significantly higher than that in blank control group and low dose compound essential oil group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus-torques-group in low dose compound essential oil group was significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】Feeding nutmeg and basil compound essential oil can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in jejunum and cecum of yellow-feathered broilers, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, maintain the balance of bacteria, and promote intestinal health, and obviously improve the performance of yellow-feathered broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is a high similarity of the cervical vertebrae between rhesus monkeys and human, both in terms of the number of cervical vertebrae and the anatomical structure of cervical vertebrae, especially the uncinate joints, which are unique to the cervical vertebrae, so they can be used as an ideal animal experimental model. However, there are few reports on the mechanical comparative study between the two. OBJECTIVE: To establish the finite element model of adult human cervical vertebra and adult rhesus monkey cervical vertebra, to compare the characteristics of stress and displacement of the uncinate joint between human and rhesus monkey cervical vertebra under six working conditions by means of finite element analysis, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical vertebral replacement. METHODS: A 40-year-old adult volunteer and a 7-year-old adult male rhesus monkey were scanned by spiral CT. The original cervical vertebra CT data were introduced into Mimics 21.0 to establish a preliminary three-dimensional model. Through the optimization, assignment, assembly and other tissue grids of each segment of cervical vertebra, intervertebral disc, ligament and so on, the cervical vertebra finite element model was constructed by Abaqus, and 75 N additional load and 1 N·m external force couple moment were loaded on the model. Comparative mechanical analysis was carried out under six working conditions of flexion, extension, lateral area and rotation, in order to find the mechanical change trend and difference between them. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Both human and rhesus monkey cervical vertebrae had the unique structure of uncinate joint of cervical vertebrae. Through finite element modeling, the stress and displacement changes of the uncinate joint between them were basically consistent, and the stress and displacement concentration points were all at C5. There was a significant difference between them. (2) However, the cervical vertebra of rhesus monkey can be used as the best candidate animal for clinical cervical vertebra animal model, and provide theoretical basis for artificial cervical vertebra replacement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Diabetic ulcers are a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which is manifested as foot ulcers complicated with infection, long treatment cycle, high disability rate and mortality rate, and brings a heavy burden to patients and social care. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of action and the latest treatment progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers, and to provide a basis for further theoretical research and clinical application. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang Database and PubMed database were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of “diabetic ulcer, medicinal herb, inflammation, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, γ-interferon, interleukin-4, interleukin-10” in Chinese and English, respectively. The relevant literature in recent years was searched, and finally 75 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The high glucose environment of the body will increase the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, so that diabetic ulcer wounds are in a state of chronic inflammatory response for a long time, and difficult to heal or even not heal. TCM has summed up a lot of experience in the long-term struggle with diabetic ulcer. At present, TCM divides diabetic ulcers into four syndrome types: dampness and heat poison syndrome, blood and blood stasis obstruction pattern, heat poison injury Yin pattern, and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome, as well as representative prescriptions for treatment. According to their clinical characteristics, diabetic ulcers can be also divided into three stages: primary, middle and late stages. Different treatment methods are proposed: “clear method,” “warm and clear combined use” and “maintenance method.” Under the guidance of dialectical typing and staging of TCM, TCM monomers, extracts and compounds inhibit the inflammatory response and promote the healing of diabetic ulcers by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and/or up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Compared with modern medicine, TCM has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic ulcers. There are many TCM monomers, extracts and compounds for the treatment of diabetic ulcers, such as angelica, curcumin, improved Chonghe ointment, Sanhuang blood exhaustion prescription and sore-ulcer I. formula, etc. It has been found that TCM for the treatment of diabetic ulcers is mainly heatclearing and detoxifying, invigorating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and amassing sores and muscle-building drugs, and the frequency of use, treatment scope and therapeutic effect of TCM compounds are obviously better than those of TCM monomers and extracts. Among them, the most commonly used are the Sanhuang blood exhaustion prescription and the sore-ulcer I as well as prescription for the treatment of damp heat toxicity syndrome and Zizhu ointment for the treatment of non-ischemic diabetic ulcers. However, there are also some shortcomings in the treatment of diabetic ulcers with TCM. First, there are few clinical syndrome studies on diabetic ulcers. Secondly, there are a wide variety of TCM monomers, extracts and compounds for the treatment of diabetic ulcers, and the relevant research is insufficiently in-depth. Finally, the research on the mechanism underlying TCM treatment of diabetic ulcers is still in the preliminary exploration stage, and the mechanism of action still needs to be further explored. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the pharmacology of TCM and the clinical syndrome of diabetic ulcers, analyze the potential targets and related signaling pathways of TCM in the treatment of diabetic ulcers, give full play to the therapeutic advantages of TCM with multiple targets, multiple pathways, multiple levels and multiple systems, and develop TCM with significant efficacy, active ingredients and clear targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of gas seepage and effect of desorption, shale compressibility and slippage effect, the full coupling mathematical model for production of the fracture system in shale gas reservoirs was established. The matrix and fracture flow field was solved with the finite element method. The simulation results were consistent with the published field data from the Barnett Shale in the Newark East field. Based on this model, the effects of the fracture’s half length, number, spacing and gas desorption on gas production were simulated. The numerical results show that the fracture parameters are interactive. The influence of the half length on production enhancement is dominant. The optimal number of fractures is related to the fracture's half length. In the middle and late parts of the gas production period, the effect of desorption provides considerable production. The presented model makes an effective theoretical tool for the optimization of shale fracturing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas slurry has been usually reused on-site in intensive livestock and poultry farms. It can also inevitably bring the accumulation and pollution of Steroid Estrogens (SEs) while recycling the organic matter during production. This study aims to reduce the pollution risk of SEs to the soil and water environment after biogas irrigation. The enrichment and purification were also adopted to isolate and screen the estrogen-degrading bacteria in the soil of a dairy farm in the southwest China of the biogas irrigation areas. A strain of estrogen-degrading bacteria was obtained, where the 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) was used as the only carbon source for growth and reproduction. The strain was homologated by the 16S rDNA gene sequences, further to identify the species for the subsequent 17β-E2 degradation tests. The strains were then characterized at different temperatures (10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, and 40 ℃), pH values (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), substrate concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mg/L) degradation characteristics. A three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was continued to optimize the degradation conditions of the strain. The results show that a dominant strain isolated from the sample was identified as Hyphomicrobium sp., named Hyphomicrobium sp. SS-1. There were varying degrees of degrading the 17β-E2 under the conditions of 10-40 ℃, pH value of 5 ~ 9, and substrate concentration of 1-10 mg/L. Specifically, the degradation rate of 17β-E2 by strains showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with the increase of temperature, pH value, and substrate concentration. The optimal growth temperature of the strain was achieved at 30 ℃ in the environmental temperature test, indicating that the high temperature was not conducive to the growth and metabolism of the strain. The degradation rate of 17β-E2 increased first and then decreased, with the increase in temperature, where the maximum degradation was 46.4% at 30 ℃. Furthermore, the presence of E1 and E3 estrogenic products was accompanied by the degradation of 17β-E2. In addition, the strain was more adapted to the alkaline condition rather than the acidic in the pH value test. The optimal sequence of pH values for the growth of the strain was ranked in the descending order of 7, 8, 9, 6, 5. The degradation rate was higher in the alkaline environment than that in the acidicones. Particularly, the degradation rate of 17β-E2 and the removal rate of total estrogen were 45.1% and 37.5%, respectively, in the pH value of the 7 test group. In the substrate concentration, the growth state of the strain at 5 mg/L substrate concentration was much better than the others, while the degradation rate of 17β-E2 reached 71% after 7 days of incubation. There was also less toxic than E2 degradation products E1 and E3 generation, where the total estrogen removal rate was 56.8%. The metabolism was inhibited significantly, with the increase in the substrate concentration strain growth. The orthogonal test showed that the influencing factors on the degradation ability of the strain were ranked in the order ofsubstrate concentration > temperature > (pH value, indicating all significant effects. The optimal degradation conditions were achieved for the strain, including the temperature 35℃, pH 7, and substrate concentration of 5 mg/L. Consequently, the degradation rate of 17β-E2 reached 97.09% by the strain after being cultured for 7 days under optimum conditions. This finding can provide high-quality strain resources for the microbial degradation of SEs in complex substrate environments. Anyway, the effective way can be widely expected for the estrogen pollution remediation in methane irrigated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass has been one of the most promising renewable energy substitutes for fossil fuels. However, the bio-oil production from biomass pyrolysis has been greatly limited the application value, due to the complex components and low enrichment of available components. An effective way can be to selectively regulate the pyrolysis reaction using the catalyst. Among them, the coal fly ash can be widely expected to serve as the low-cost and high-efficiency catalytic medium, due to the rich pore structure and inorganic mineral composition. Generally, solid waste is produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the boiler of the thermal power plant. More importantly, CO2 rich in carbon source can participate in the pyrolysis process to enrich the platform compounds. Therefore, CO2 and coal fly ash can be applied for the biomass pyrolysis process, in order to improve the quality of bio-oil for the high-value utilization of solid wastes. It is very necessary to explore the co-pyrolysis behavior of coal fly ash and biomass in the CO2 atmosphere for the goal of carbon neutralization. This work aims to investigate the effects of coal fly ash on the distribution of the products during the pyrolysis of maize stalks with different particle sizes. The liquid products were also characterized by catalytic pyrolysis under N2/CO2 atmosphere. The coupling mechanism of CO2 and coal fly ash was proposed, according to the experimental data. Specifically, the particle sizes of corn straw were ranged from 0.1-0.16, 0.17-0.21, 0.22-0.30, and 0.31-0.45 mm, respectively. The mixing ratio of maize stalk and coal fly ash was 1:1. A catalytic pyrolysis experiment of maize stalk was carried out in a fixed bed reactor, where the temperature was 550±1 ℃, the flow rate of N2 was 100 mL/min, and the flow rates of CO2 were 40, 70, 100, and 130 mL/min. The obtained bio-oil was detected using an elemental analyzer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the particle size dominated the heat and mass transfer behavior of the biomass pyrolysis process. The increase of particle size led to the increase of bio-oil production first and then the decrease in only single biomass pyrolysis. The yield of semi-coke decreased, but the gas increased. The addition of coal fly ash was conducive to the formation of bio-oil, where the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.32% using 0.17-0.21mm of biomass particles. Coal fly ash was also greatly contributed to the biomass pyrolysis with the large particle size, where the bio-oil yield increased by 8.94 percentage point, compared with the blank sample. The main reason was the synergistic effects among metal components in the coal fly ash, thereby enhancing the heat and mass transfer efficiency inside and outside biomass particles. In addition, CO2 was introduced to inhibit the formation of bio-oil, and the liquid yield decreased with the increase of CO2 flow rate in the system. The co-pyrolysis of coal fly ash and biomass with small particle size was conducive to enhancing the selective phenolic compounds. The strong binding ability of CO2 and hydrogen radical was further promoted to enrich the phenolic compounds in the system. The methoxyphenol compounds increased significantly among phenolic compounds in the bio-oil. The relative content of phenolic compounds was the highest- when the flow rate of CO2 was 40 mL/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Both rhesus monkeys and humans belong to primates, and their cervical vertebra structure, physiological function and living conditions are very similar to those of human beings. However, there are few studies on the finite element analysis of the whole cervical vertebra of rhesus monkeys. OBJECTIVE: To establish the C0-T1 finite element model of cervical vertebrae of adult rhesus monkeys and to make a comparative study between the finite element models of cervical vertebrae of adult rhesus monkeys and human cervical vertebrae in order to find out the difference. METHODS: A 7-year-old adult male rhesus monkey was selected and scanned by multi-slice spiral CT in the Imaging Department of the affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University in December 2019. The original CT data of cervical vertebrae were introduced into Mimics21.0 to establish a preliminary three-dimensional model, and the geometric structure of the model was optimized by Cero to get the simulation three-dimensional model of cervical vertebrae. The assembly model was imported into Hypermesh for tetrahedral gridding to divide the tissue grids of various segments, intervertebral discs and ligaments of cervical vertebrae. Then the finite element model of cervical vertebra was constructed by Abaqus&ANSYS, and the validity was verified by referring to the relevant finite element model literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional finite element model of cervical vertebra of rhesus monkey (including C0-T1 and six intervertebral discs and related ligaments) was successfully established, with a total of 536 215 elements and 461 915 nodes. The overall simulation of the model was high, and the fine structure was restored with high precision, resulting in a high biological simulation performance. Comparing the range of motion of this model with that of human cervical vertebra model, we found that the flexion and extension of this model were smaller than those of normal adults (P < 0.05), and left and right lateral bending of C2-3, C3-4 and C6-7 segments was smaller than the range of standard deviation as reported (P < 0.05). However, axial rotation showed no significant difference as compared with the value reported previously (P > 0.05). To conclude, there is a great difference in the exercise efficiency between the finite element models of rhesus monkey cervical vertebra and human cervical vertebra, which can provide a theoretical basis for the study of rhesus monkey cervical vertebra modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar shows a good application prospect in the field of organic pollution wastewater treatment due to such advantages of wide source of raw materials, large specific surface area, rich pore structure and easy regulation of surface functional groups and so on. However, the different raw materials, preparation methods and modification methods of biochar influence the physical and chemical properties of biochar to a large extent, thus showing different properties and action mechanisms for organic pollution wastewater treatment. Based on the structural characteristics of biochar, the preparation technology, modification methods, as well as the present situation and future development opportunities of biochar for organic pollution wastewater treatment are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the herbicidal characteristics of a novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor Y11049 (compound name was ethyl 2-((6-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4- trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl) thio) propanoate), the effects of environmental temperature, light intensity, simulated rainfall and plant growth stage on its activities against sensitive broadleaf weeds were studied by indoor bioassay method, using saflufenacil as active control; meanwhile, the absorption and conductivity of Y11049 in Cucumis sativus L. and Abutilon theophrasti were tested in greenhouse. The results showed that the herbicidal activity of Y11049 against Amaranthus hybridus was positively correlated with environmental temperature ranging from 15 ℃ to 35 ℃ at application dose of 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 g a.i./hm² . At the application dose of 60 g a.i./hm², the inhibition rate against Pharbitis nil was 95.2% under full light (8 427 lx), which was significantly higher than that under medium light (4 200 lx) and low light (5 lx), indicating that Y11049 belongs to light-demanding herbicide. The inhibition rate against A. theophrasti under simulated rainfall after 4 h of the spray of Y11049 showed no significance comparing with blank control, which indicated that Y11049 is tolerant to rain-washing. At the application dose of 30 g a.i./hm², the inhibition rate against 2- to 8-leaf A. theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus were 86.0%-98.6% and 86.5%-97.9% under foliage treatment, respectively, which showed that Y11049 has a relative long application period. Simutaneously, Y11049 displayed moderate absorption through roots, stems and leaves, but poor conduction. Y11049 should be applied by spraying evenly on weed surface on sunny days due to its contact herbicidal activity, that it exhibited great prospect against broadleaf weeds in non-arable field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed infestation is a serious problem in mechanical transplanting rice in China. Developing pre-emergent (PRE) herbicide-fertilizer slow-release granule and its assorted application technology is one of the most effective way to improve the efficiency. In this work, three types of slow-release oxadiazon-fertilizer granule (SROG) coated with poly-lactic acid with a core-shell structure were developed (contained 0.25% oxadiazon active ingredient). The efficacy and rice safety of SROG were evaluated in mechanical transplanting rice fields. The results indicated that, when transplanting was applied in the same time at 180 kg/hm2 (450 g a.i./hm² of oxadiazon), the three types of SROG (with different concentration of coating material) disintegrated 3 to 7 days after the application, and had over 90% control efficacy against Echinochloa spp. and Monochoria vaginalis 35 days after transplanting, which were similar to regular PRE application (combined with fertilizer) of oxadiazon EC and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + simetryne + prometryn WP 5 days after the transplanting. The plant height, aboveground fresh weight and tiller number were greater for the three SROG treatments compare with treatments of the two regular PRE herbicides 35 days after transplanting. Similar weed control efficacy was obtained when the dosage of SROG declined to 80% (144 kg/hm² or 360 g a.i./hm2 ). No herbicide injury was observed in all the experiments. The mechanical application of SROG synchronized with the improved side deep fertilizing rice transplanter (just broadcast the SROG on the soil surface) was also systematically investigated. The mechanical transplanting synchronized with SROG application technology could be an effective tool for rice cultivation systems to reduce labor input and herbicide application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the requirement of automatic parking system for identifying the parking slot by visual method, a parking slot recognition algorithm was proposed based on image gradient and Gaussian weighted cosine distance. The acquired parking space image was de-distorted, and the inverse-perspective transformation was performed to generate a top view. The gray processing and the image filtering processes were performed. The gradient of the preprocessed image was extracted by the Sobel operator, and the parking space position of parking slot was selected. An image gradient template was created, and a rotation template was created by bilinear interpolation to detect parking spaces at different angles. The Gaussian weighted cosine distance was used as the similarity measure to detect the position of parking slot in the image. The termination condition of the algorithm was designed to improve the speed of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the multiple parking spaces can be recognized under different working conditions by the proposed algorithm with fast recognition speed and not easy affecting by cracks on the road surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the classification status and antifungal activity of a marine strain Trichoderma TCS007 was studied, as well as its tolerance to 3 environment stress factors (low temperature, high temperature and salt). The strain TCS007 displayed a high tolerance performance to salt stress, and it was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. Results of plate confrontation test indicated that strain TCS007 displayed 56.65%-87.62% inhibition against 16 phytopathogenic fungus. The highest inhibition rate was observed in the case of Gaeumannomyces graminsis. The ethyl acetate extract of TCS007 fermentation filtrate exhibited remarkable inhibiting effect against Sclerotinia sclerotium, and the EC50 value was 38.80 μg/mL. Results demonstrated that the marine stain T. asperellum TCS007 and its metabolite showed outstanding antifungal activities, which had the potential to be developed as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the classification status and antifungal activity of a marine strain Trichoderma TCS007 was studied, as well as its tolerance to 3 environment stress factors (low temperature, high temperature and salt). The strain TCS007 displayed a high tolerance performance to salt stress, and it was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and ITS sequence analysis. Results of plate confrontation test indicated that strain TCS007 displayed 56.65%-87.62% inhibition against 16 phytopathogenic fungus. The highest inhibition rate was observed in the case of Gaeumannomyces graminsis. The ethyl acetate extract of TCS007 fermentation filtrate exhibited remarkable inhibiting effect against Sclerotinia sclerotium, and the EC50 value was 38.80 μg/mL. Results demonstrated that the marine stain T. asperellum TCS007 and its metabolite showed outstanding antifungal activities, which had the potential to be developed as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[摘要]目的分析多发性骨髓瘤合并肺部感染患者的易感因素及临床特点。方法选取2014年8月至2019年8月安阳地区医院收治的多发性骨髓瘤患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为合并肺部感染组和未合并肺部感染组,每组50例。收集2组患者性别、年龄、合并疾症等一般资料,以及化疗情况、血浆清蛋白(ALB)水平、肺部感染临床特征、致病菌分布等,对肺部感染的临床特点、易感因素等进行分析。结果合并肺部感染组患者中分离病原菌31株,主要为铜绿假单胞菌,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌,再次为鲍曼不动杆菌,最后为肺炎链球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠埃希菌等。晚期多发性骨髓瘤患者肺部感染发生率显著高于早中期患者,ALB<35g/L患者肺部感染发生率显著高于ALB≥35g/L患者,粒细胞缺乏症患者肺部感染发生率显著高于无粒细胞缺乏症患者,有并发症患者肺部感染发生率显著高于无并发症患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、化疗情况患者肺部感染发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多发性骨髓瘤合并肺部感染患者的易感因素为晚期、粒细胞缺乏症、发生并发症等,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多发性骨髓瘤合并肺部感染患者的易感因素包括晚期、粒细胞缺乏症、发生并发症等,主要病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]