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Based on the theory of evidence-based nursing ability, this paper summarized present situation and influencing factors of evidence-based practice ability of nurses in Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals. In perspectives of practice, attitude, knowledge skill and relationship between evidence-based nursing skills and various influencing factors, a multi-level analysis on research progress of nurses’ evidence-based nursing ability was conducted, aiming to provide guidance and reference to promote the development of evidence-based practice ability and related training programs for nurses in Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals. (以循证护理能力理论为基础, 对中西医结合医院护士循证实践能力现状及影响因素进行概述, 分别从循证实践行为、循证实践态度、循证知识技能及循证护理能力水平与各影响因素之间的关系, 多层次分析中西医结合医院护士循证护理能力研究进展, 为促进中医院护士强化循证实践能力及相关培训方案的制定提供指导性意见与参考。)

因果关系抽取作为关系抽取的一个重要任务，近年来得到了广泛关注。现有的因果关系抽取方法大多将句法结构和背景知识割裂开进行研究，早期的因果关系抽取方法偏重于从句法结构层面进行分析，随着深度学习技术的发展，预训练模型结合背景知识的方法成为主流。然而上述两种方法均未完全融合句内信息和外部知识，带来了不同程度的信息缺失。为了解决这一问题，提出了结合句法结构和背景知识的因果关系抽取模型。该模型将句子解析为同时包含句法和知识的知识句法图结构，使用图卷积网络进行信息融合。模型同时考虑了句法和知识两部分信息，从而进一步丰富了实体嵌入，达到了良好的因果关系抽取效果。本模型在EventStoryLine数据集上取得了良好效果，F1值达到0.445，与现有方法相比提高了2.3%。

常德高铁站是常益长正线线路上的重要站点，站房分为下部混凝土结构和上部钢屋盖。屋盖采用Γ形刚架作为主要支撑结构，一方面斜柱有效地增加了结构的抗侧刚度，另一方面也与桃花盛开的建筑意象相契合，其结构形式经历了立体三角形桁架、箱桁结合实腹梁、箱形实腹梁3轮方案的推敲演变。针对天窗区域连系桁架拱形下弦的矢高取值，采用Grasshopper+SAP2000联动程序进行自动化参数找形，得到结构受力性能和建筑空间效果均优的平衡点。通过ABAQUS壳单元模型与SAP2000杆单元模型的对比分析，验证了利用SAP2000截面设计器对变截面的异形截面构件分析的准确性，同时对Γ形刚架进行了弹塑性极限承载力分析，结果满足要求。Γ形刚架形态舒张有力，结构受力合理，实现了建筑与结构的完美结合。

为了研究钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁高温下的抗火性能，对截面尺寸和配筋均相同的钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁开展了抗火试验和有限元模拟。试验表明：普通钢筋混凝土梁发生了以剪切破坏为主的弯剪破坏，呈现脆性破坏的特点，而钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁发生弯曲破坏达到极限状态，属于延性破坏；钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的临界温度为594 ℃，相比于普通钢筋混凝土梁（545 ℃）提高了9.0%；临界状态下，钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的跨中挠度更大、弯曲裂缝发展更加充分、裂缝宽度更大，但裂缝间距更小、主裂缝之间的衍生裂缝更多。数值研究表明：加入一定的钢纤维能增强混凝土的整体性，使混凝土受力更加均匀，随着钢纤维含量的增加，钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的抗弯刚度也随之增加；不同体积纤维的钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的力学性能分析表明，钢纤维体积掺量为1.0%时，钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的挠度发展的更加充分；增加配筋率可以增加钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁的初始刚度，但配筋率超过一定值后，对提高其抗弯刚度贡献不明显，而会降低钢筋的利用效率。

本研究旨在探討公立小型國民小學初任教師兼任行政職務工作壓力情況並探究其壓力因應策略，藉由半結構式訪談的方式對初任教師兼行政職務者的工作壓力及因應策略進行探討，並以新北市教師為研究對象。本研究由研究者擬定訪談大綱，並以訪談大綱為主軸，訪問過程採用開放式回答，依據研究參與者之回答並搭配當時情境加以延伸。研究結果如下：一、新北市公立小型國民小學初任教師兼任行政職務有其不同壓力來源與種類。二、新北市公立小型國民小學初任教師兼任行政職務之壓力因應策略主要可以分為：理性解決、尋求支持、自我調適、延宕逃避，其中以尋求支持最常使用。最後，則根據 研究結果，對初任教師兼任行政職務者、師資培育單位及現職相關單位提出建議。 The purpose of this study is to explore the job stress and coping strategies of beginning teachers with administrative positions in public small elementary schools in New Taipei City. As the basis of this research, this study used a literature review to explore the job stress and coping strategies of beginning teachers with administrative positions. It employed semi-structural interviews to interview beginning teachers with administrative positions in public small elementary schools in New Taipei City. Then the researcher drew up the interview outline and took it as the main axis. The interview process adopted openended answers, and the interviews were extended according to the answers of the research participants and the current situation. The research results are as follows: 1. There were different sources and types of pressure for beginning teachers with administrative positions in public small elementary schools in New Taipei City. 2. The stress coping strategies of beginning teachers with administrative positions in public small elementary schools in New Taipei City could be mainly divided into: rational solutions, seeking support, self-adjustment, delay, and avoidance. According to the research results, seeking support was the most adopted coping strategy. Finally, suggestions to teachers with administrative positions, centers for teacher education, and related units were offered based on the research findings.

旨在为葵花籽仁的分级应用提供理论依据，以葵花籽为原料，通过多级精分设备将葵花籽进行脱壳、分级，分为小（≤3 mm）、中（3~4 mm）、大（＞4 mm）3种粒径等级的葵花籽仁，分别对葵花籽仁组成进行比较分析。结果表明，各粒径葵花籽仁含油量均超过60%，油中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量超过85%，且小粒径葵花籽仁含油量及油中亚油酸相对含量最高。各粒径葵花籽仁粗蛋白质含量为44.93%~53.33%，大粒径葵花籽仁粗蛋白质及氨基酸含量最高。3种粒径葵花籽仁绿原酸总量为26 314.93 ~28 095.98 ng/mg，中粒径葵花籽仁总绿原酸总量最高。3种粒径葵花籽仁总淀粉含量为0.067%~0.090%，小粒径葵花籽仁总淀粉含量最高；3种粒径葵花籽仁抗性淀粉含量为0.019%~0.032%，中粒径葵花籽仁抗性淀粉含量最高。 In order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of sunflower seed kernels grading, sunflower seed were used as raw material, and sunflower seeds were hulled and graded by multi-stage fine separation system to three particle sizes of small (≤3 mm), medium (3-4 mm) and large (>4 mm), and the composition of sunflower seed kernels was compared and analyzed, respectively.The results showed that the oil content of sunflower seed kernels of all particle sizes was more than 60%, the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids in oil was more than 85%, and the sunflower seed kernels with small particle size had the highest oil content and relative content of linoleic acid in oil. The content of crude protein of sunflower seed kernels was 44.93%-53.33%, and the sunflower seed kernels with large particle size had the highest crude protein and amino acids content. The content of chlorogenic acid of sunflower seed kernels was 26 314.93 -28 095.98 ng/mg, and the sunflower seed kernels with medium particle size had the highest chlorogenic acid content. The total starch content of sunflower seed kernels was 0.067%-0.090%, with the highest total starch content in the small particle size sunflower seed kernels. The content of resistant starch was 0019%-0.032%, and the sunflower seed kernels with medium particle size had the highest resistant starch content.

常德高铁站是常益长正线线路上的重要站点，站房分为下部混凝土结构和上部钢屋盖。屋盖采用Γ形刚架作为主要支撑结构，一方面斜柱有效增加了结构的抗侧刚度，另一方面与桃花盛开的建筑意象契合，其结构形式经历了空间三角形桁架、箱桁结合实腹梁柱、箱形实腹梁柱三轮方案的推敲演变。针对天窗区域连系桁架拱形下弦的矢高取值，采用Grasshopper+SAP2000联动程序进行自动化参数找形，得到结构受力性能和建筑空间效果均优的平衡点。通过Abaqus壳单元模型与Sap2000杆单元模型对比分析，证明利用Sap2000截面设计器对变截面的异形截面构件分析的准确性，同时对Γ形刚架进行了弹塑性极限承载力分析满足要求。Γ形刚架形态舒张有力，结构受力合理，实现了建筑和结构的完美结合。

在 HVAC 控制领域，基于模型的最优控制方法得到了学者的广泛研究与验证，但是该方法高度依赖模型的准确性、大量历史数据的收集以及传感器的部署。针对上述问题，结合 EnergyPlus、实际系统参数以及历史数据，构建 HVAC 优化控制模型，并提出一种改进的双池 DQN 算法，最后将其应用于 HVAC 系统中不同型号冷机的负荷分配、冷却塔风机频率以及冷却水泵频率的组合优化控制。基于所构建的问题模型，针对决策优化过程中存在的样本不平衡的问题，该算法在 DQN 的基础上，建立两个独立的经验池，分别存储负荷分配与非负荷分配样本，在训练过程中，遵循一定的比例从经验池中进行采样，以加快算法收敛。将所提出的方法与基于模型的控制方法及基线方法进行比较，实验结果表明，与基线方法相比，基于模型的HVAC控制器能够节能11.5% （最优节能效率），而基于双池DQN的HVAC控制器在第1年就能够节能7.5%，同时，随着系统运行，该控制器在第8年左右即可获得接近最优节能效率的结果。此外，与基于模型的HVAC控制器相比，该控制器不依赖于系统模型，且在在线控制过程中，所需的先验知识及传感器较少，在实际的工程应用中更具价值。

Objective To observe the practice of standard management of outpatient complaints and improve the quality of outpatient medical care. Methods Total of 72 cases of outpatient complaints received from July 2020 to august 2020 were included as the control group, and another 72 cases of outpatient complaints received from September 2020 to October 2020 were included as the observation group. Cases of outpatient complaints in the control group were addressed by using a conventional method, and those in the observation group were addressed by using a standard management procedure. The incidence of medical dispute and patient satisfaction were compared between two groups. Results There were 6 cases of medical dispute reported in the control group. T he satisfaction rate was 98. 61%(71/72) in the observation group, which was higher than 84. 72%(61/72) in the control group. Conclusion Standardized treatment of outpatient complaints not only mediate doctor-patient disputes, but also protect the rights and interests of both sides. The practice of standardized treatment may improve the overall service quality of the hospital and the satisfaction of patients. (目的 探讨门诊投诉规范化处理的实践效果。方法 将2020年7月—8月接收的72份投诉案例设为对照组, 将2020年9月—10月接收的72份投诉案例设为观察组。对照组采取常规方法接待和处理, 观察组严格执行门诊投诉规范处置。统计2组医疗纠纷发生情况, 比较2组当事患者对处置过程的满意度。结果 观察组未发生医疗纠纷, 对照组发生医疗纠纷6(8. 33%)起。观察组当事患者对处置流程的满意度为98. 61%(71/72), 对照组为84. 72%(61/72)。结论 规范处置门诊投诉, 能够有效控制医患纠纷, 保障医患双方的权益, 有助于提高医院整体服务质量, 提升患者满意度。)

癫痫是一种常见的中枢神经系统功能失常的慢性脑部疾病。约50%成人和约70%儿童癫痫患者至少存 在一种癫痫共患病。一系列神经、精神心理和躯体共患病会增加癫痫患者的疾病负担, 导致生活质量下降。癫痫共 患精神心理疾病的患病率相对较高, 其中以共患情绪障碍最为常见。癫痫共患情绪障碍所带来的癫痫发作控制不 佳、疾病耻辱感、自杀风险明显高于罹患其他共患病, 严重影响癫痫患者的生存质量。癫痫共患情绪障碍的发病机 制可能与神经生物学改变、遗传学、医源性因素、社会心理因素等有关。对于癫痫共患情绪障碍的诊疗应以控制癫 痫发作为主, 共患情绪障碍的诊疗并重为主要原则, 个体化评估患者病情, 合理选用抗癫痫药物, 必要时联合稳定情 绪的治疗, 注重患者生物、社会及心理问题, 做到身心共治。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Traumatic spinal cord injury primarily relies on scale assessment and imaging examinations in clinical practice. However, there are limitations in predicting the prognosis of the injury. Therefore, the use of metabolomics technology for biomarker screening is significant for estimating the extent of damage, injury and recovery, as well as developing new therapies. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the metabolic features of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury using metabolomics technology and explore potential biomarkers and disrupted metabolic pathways. METHODS: Serum and urine samples were collected from 20 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (observation group) and 10 healthy subjects (control group). Metabolites were analyzed and multivariate statistical analysis was then performed for data processing to screen differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway enrichment was performed using Metabo Analyst software. Logistic regression was applied to construct a biomarker combination model, and its relationship with the American Spinal Injury Association grading was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant differences in 160 and 73 metabolites were detected in the serum and urine samples of the two groups, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed evident disturbances in lipid metabolism after traumatic spinal cord injury, including sphingolipid, arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid metabolism, as well as glycerophospholipid and inositol phosphate biosynthesis. The combination of two identified biomarkers, telmisartan and quercetin glycoside, showed a correlation with the American Spinal Injury Association grading in both serum and urine levels. Thus, metabolomics technology provides assistance in further understanding the pathological mechanisms of traumatic spinal cord injury and screening therapeutic targets. The identified metabolic biomarker combination may serve as a reference for assessing the severity of traumatic spinal cord injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tea is one of the most important parts of agricultural production in China. A large amount of waste tea residues can be produced every year with the continuous growth of the tea industry. Waste tea residue shares significant economic and medicinal value, due to its bioactive substances, especially caffeine. However, most waste tea residues cannot be fully utilized in a resourceful way, resulting in the waste of resources and pressure on the environment. In this study, an efficient caffeine extraction was proposed using hydrothermal extraction. A systematic investigation was implemented to explore the effects of different factors on extraction efficiency. Response surface ology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were also combined to optimize and predict the extraction conditions. Firstly, the efficient extraction of caffeine from tea residue was achieved by hydrothermal extraction. The special properties of water were exploited under high temperature and pressure. As such, the lignocellulose structure in tea residues was effectively destroyed to obtain the dissolution of active substances, such as caffeine. The high efficiency and environmental advantages of hydrothermal approaches were emphasized to treat the wet biomass under mild conditions, compared with the conventional one. The better performance was achieved in the high efficiency, low energy consumption, and reduced use of hazardous chemical solvents. Secondly, the key parameters of extraction (hydrothermal temperature, time, liquid-solid ratio, and pH) were systematically analyzed using RSM. The influencing level of each factor on the caffeine extraction was determined to derive the optimal extraction conditions. The experimental results showed that the hydrothermal temperature shared the most significant effect on the caffeine extraction. The extraction efficiency was significantly improved to appropriately increase the hydrothermal temperature. An ANN model was also established to further validate and optimize the extraction conditions. A large amount of experimental data was trained and then validated to learn and simulate complex nonlinear processes. The ANN model was also used to accurately predict caffeine extraction under different conditions. The prediction of the ANN model showed that the optimal extraction conditions were determined as the hydrothermal temperature of 220 °C, hydrothermal time of 3.5 h, liquid-solid ratio of 50 mL/g, and pH 9.0. A caffeine extraction of 66.19 mg/g was expected to be obtained. There was high agreement with the actual experiment (65.81 ± 0.47 mg/g), indicating a high prediction accuracy. The ANN model was verified to optimize and predict the caffeine extraction from waste tea residue, in terms of the high feasibility and accuracy. In conclusion, the organic solvents were avoided to be environmentally friendly and realize green chemistry, indicating the promising potential for the extraction of natural products. Meanwhile, the efficient extraction of caffeine from waste tea residue can provide a useful reference for the high-value recycling of waste biomass resources using RSM and ANN models. The environmental pressure can be alleviated to reduce the waste of resources for the considerable economic benefits in the tea industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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本研究的目的為探討不同題型對試題難度、試題鑑別度及九年級學生數學表現水準的影響，研究者以相似形的能力指標作為測驗內容，設計相同的題目敘述之選擇題、填空題及計算說理題，並編製成含有六題共同題的三種試卷，以進行測驗等化之用。每份試卷分別有361、411及378位的受試者，合計1,150位的受試者。研究設計採用共同題不等組設計，並以同時校準法（concurrent calibration method）進行測驗等化。本研究分別用單向度二參數部分計分模式與多向度潛在迴歸模式（multidimensional latent regression model），進行試題難度、鑑別 度及學生在不同題型下所表現之能力參數的估計，並將學生在各題型中的能力估計值排序換算為百分等級。研究結果發現：一、選擇題的平均難度最低，計算說理題的平均難度最高；二、選擇題的平均鑑別度最低，計算說理題的平均鑑別度最高；三、單向度模式分析發現，有69.04%的學生在三種題型能力估計值的PR值（百分等級）相差20以上；四、多向度潛在迴歸模式分析發現，有12.61%的學生在三種題型能力估計值的PR值相差15以上。研究結果顯示，測驗題與學生的數學表現水準有關，而且主要有兩種不同型態的影響。文末針對兩類學生在不同題型較具優勢的原因，做進一步的討論。 This study investigated the influence of item type on the difficulty and discriminatory power of items and on ninth graders’ mathematics performance. Researchers tested similar figures as competence indicators; three tests were designed with multiple-choice items, completion items, and essay items that corresponded to the same stem, and six common items were equated for each test. The tests were administered to 1,150 students, with 361, 411, and 378 receiving different kind of three tests. The tests were equated using a common-item, nonequivalent group design and the concurrent-calibration method. The difficulty and discriminatory power of items and the ability parameters of the students taking the tests with different item types were estimated with a unidimensional two-parameter partial-credit model and a multidimensional latent regression model. The estimates of the students’ ability parameters were converted to percentile ranks (PRs). The following are the results of the study: (1) The average difficulty of the multiple-choice items was the lowest, and that of the essay items was the highest. (2) The average discriminatory power of the multiple-choice items was the lowest, and that of the essay items was the highest. (3) For 69.04% of the students, the values of three item types differed by 20 or more in PR. (4) Finally, the multidimensional latent regression model revealed that, for 12.61% of the students, the values of three item types differed by 15 or more in PR. The results indicate that item type is related to student mathematics performance through two main types of effect. The researchers further investigated why some students’ performance on the completion and essay items was superior to that on the multiple-choice items and why some students’ performance on the multiple-choice items was superior to that on the essay items.

Objective To investigate the effect of narrative nursing for patients undergoing intravesical chemotherapy for carcinoma of the bladder. Methods Totally 260 patients undergoing intravesical chemotherapy for carcinoma of the bladder were divided into control and study group. All patients received routine care during the perioperative period, and those in the study group were given narrative nursing. The mental status, quality of life and incidence of bladder irritation were compared between two groups. Results The scores of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA) decreased in both two group after intervention, and scores of HAMD and HAMA in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0. 05). The subscale score and total score of quality of life assessment in the study group were higher than those in the control group after nursing intervention(P＜0. 05). The incidence of bladder irritation was 3. 08%(4/130) in the study group, which was lower than 15. 38%(20/130) in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Narrative care during intravesical chemotherapy can effectively improve the patient mental status and quality of life, reduce the incidence of bladder irritation, and enhance the effect of chemotherapy. (目的 探讨叙事护理在膀胱癌局部灌注化疗患者中的应用效果。方法 260例行局部灌注化疗的膀胱癌患者随机分为对照组与研究组, 各130例。对照组给予常规护理干预, 研究组在对照组基础上实施叙述护理干预。评估2组干预前后心理状况, 比较2组干预后生活质量, 记录2组膀胱刺激症发生情况。结果 干预后, 2组汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分均较干预前降低, 且研究组评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。研究组生活质量调查量表各维度评分及总评分均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。研究组膀胱刺激症发生率3. 08%(4/130), 低于对照组的15. 38%(20/130), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 膀胱癌局部灌注化疗患者化疗干预期间接受叙事护理, 可有效缓解不良情绪, 提高生存质量, 降低膀胱刺激症发生风险。)

River hydraulic engineering plays a substantial role in maintaining the water-energy-food-economy nexus and coping with climate change. The co-construction of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality goals, and ecological civilization presents new demands for the development of river hydraulic engineering. Building upon an overview of the development of river hydraulic engineering, particular attention has been paid to its impact on the carbon cycle process. A review of the research on carbon cycling indicates that the carbon cycle of river hydraulic engineering is primarily influenced by geographical location, project scale, and operational management, whereas the evaluation results of carbon balance are significantly affected by differences in calculation methods, evaluation systems, and data discrepancies. Analysis of the carbon balance of reservoirs nationwide also revealed that China's reservoir CO2 flux was slightly higher than the world average, whereas the CH4 flux was lower. The total carbon storage in reservoir sediments in China is approximately 2.103 billion tons, rising at a rate of 76 million tons per year. Estimation results of carbon emissions reduction in hydropower projects indicate that water conservancy projects have significant functional benefits and demonstrate a noticeable "carbon sink" effect on the energy structure. Assuming that hydropower is entirely replaced by thermal power, hydropower reduces approximately 3, 984 Tg (CO2eq)/a of carbon emissions from the power system, of which small hydropower accounts for approximately 6%. This study also explored policy-oriented issues in the development of river hydraulic engineering, assisting in elucidating the challenges and demands faced by river hydraulic engineering during the period of multi-objective co-construction. These challenges include balancing ecological friendliness to enhance carbon sequestration, ensuring food security, harnessing water resources for economic purposes, maintaining policy continuity, and increasing government credibility. Recommendations for the future include ensuring policy continuity, deepening research on enhancing data sharing, conducting fundamental research, and strengthening multiscale integrated systematic studies. It is necessary to establish a unified carbon balance evaluation system, conduct in-depth research on process-based mechanisms and cumulative effects, and explore the synergy between research, application, and policy development. These efforts will actively promote the innovative development of river hydraulic engineering within the context of ecological civilization construction and the achievement of the "dual carbon goals". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "historical cycle rate" specifically refers to the periodic phenomenon of the rise and fall of political chaos and cycles in the history of China. During the New Democratic Revolution. Mao Zedong once proposed the first answer to jump out of the historical cycle rate with "people's supervision". In the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly reiterated the issue of the historical cycle rate with a broad historical vision and keen strategic vision, and clearly pointed out that "self-reform" is the second answer for the Party to jump out of the historical cycle rate. A deep grasp of the practical deepening and theoretical sublimation of the Party's jumping out of the historical cycle rate from "people's supervision" to "self-reform" is of great significance for grasping historical laws, strengthening historical initiative, and continuing to jump out of the historical cycle rate in the new era. This article adopts the literature research method and the method of unifying history and logic to analyze the appearance and essence of the historical cycle rate. It comprehensively sorts out the theoretical and practical explorations of the Chinese Communist Party's jumping out of the historical cycle rate, and puts forward how the party can continue to jump out of the historical cycle rate in the new era and new journey suggestion. This study found that the "historical cycle rate" of China's feudal society, which is characterized by the rise and fall of the state power, has deep roots and is the inevitable product of the feudal landlord land ownership and the autocratic political system. Mao Zedong's first answer in Yan'an to jump out of the historical cycle rate by "people's supervision" is rooted in the Party's persistence and development of the Marxist dictatorship of the proletariat and people's supervision. It has profound theoretical logic and has experienced long-term practical exploration. In the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping puts forward "self-reform" as the second answer for the Party to jump out of the historical cycle. This is a major proposal put forward by the Party to uphold the sense of urgency, answer the issues of the times in depth deepen the understanding of the party's leading position in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, further promote comprehensive and strict party governance, and improve the Party's self-revolutionary theoretical system and discourse system. The conclusion is of great and far-reaching significance. The two answers of "people's supervision" and "self-reform" are inseparable wholes, and the two have the intrinsic unity of the fundamental purpose, the internal and external complementarity of the mechanism of action, the linkage of the power transformation, and the mutual promotion and progress of the development and perfection. To take the road of "rushing for the exam" in the new era and new journey, we must maintain political sobriety and historical initiative while enhancing our sense of urgency, strengthen responsibility while keeping in mind the "three musts", and improve the Party's standardized system of self-reform system and further promote the combination and interaction of "people's supervision" and "self-reform". This paper expands the existing literature in the following aspects; first, it not only analyzes the appearance and essence of historical cycle rate with historical materialism, but also analyzes the wisdom and flaws of the ancient Chinese "theory of loving the people", "theory of supervision" and "theory of anti-corruption". Second. it historically analyzes the Communist Party of China's exploration of jumping out of the historical cycle rate, and clarifies the practical deepening and theoretical sublimation from "people's supervision" to "self-reform". Third, it is an in-depth explanation of the internal relationship between "people's supervision" and "self-reform", and puts forward the requirements of the times for the new era and new journey to implement the "two answers" and jump out of the historical cycle rate. The research in this paper reveals to a certain extent the theory and practical logic of the Party jumping out of the historical cycle rate, which is helpful to deepen the research on the Party's long-term governance law and the law of socialist construction, and provides a theoretical reference for the Party to take the road of "rushing for the exam" in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objectives: This study developed an evaluation framework for competency-based training programs to support the implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME) in Taiwan. Methods: Our research team used the logic model to draft an evaluation framework for training programs that align with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s Program Director Guide to Common Program Requirements in the United States. In addition, we referenced various documents, including the 112th-year hospital and teaching hospital accreditation standards in Taiwan, evaluations from the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s Residency Review Committee, and guidelines from the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s General Medical Training Program for Physicians after graduation. This study collected opinions from 23 domestic medical education experts by using the modified Delphi method. After each survey, the appropriateness and consistency of each indicator were evaluated. These indicators were then revised and refined in accordance with feedback from the expert panelists. Results: The evaluation framework for competency-based training programs comprises the following 10 dimensions including a total of 56 indicators: “Project Proposal Layout and Format,” “Training Objectives and Framework,” “Faculty,” “Educational Resources,” “Clinical Learning Environment,” “Medical and Professional Skills Training Approaches,” “Holistic Care Training Approaches,” “Assessment and Feedback Channels,” “Counseling and Remediation Pathways,” and “Others.” Conclusions: The study developed an evaluation framework for competency-based training programs, reaching a consensus with expert panelists from various institutions. This evaluation framework can enhance program evaluations within institutions, thereby facilitating the advancement and implementation of CBME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]