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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of duck manure application on soil environmental quality and pear quality and to promote the scientific application of duck manure to partially replace chemical fertilizers in pear planting. Under the condition of equal nitrogen substitution, the duck manure alternative fertilizer program in this study was divided into five groups including the control group (CK), 30% (DM1), 40% (DM2), 50% (DM3), and 60% (DM4). The duck manure was applied to the pear tree soil in April and July. Soil and pear samples were collected in October. The soil environmental quality (soil pH, soil nutrients, heavy metals, antibiotics) and pear quality parameters (soluble solids, soluble sugars, vitamin C) were also analyzed. The results showed that all the duck manure replacement treatments (DM1-DM4) could significantly increase the soil pH (6%-21%) compared with the control group, and the organic matter of deeper soil (40-60cm) was improved. The most significant effect on increasing the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil was also found in the DM3 group. Fortunately, the contents of heavy metals in different soil layers of each treatment fully meet the requirements of pollution-free and green food producing areas for soil environment. The results also indicated that the application of duck manure improved the pear quality, and the soluble solids, soluble sugars, and vitamin C of pear were increased by 5.21%-17.44%, 2.50%-8.45%, and 0.39%-11.01%, respectively. The results showed that 30% duck manure replacing had the best effect on improving pear quality, while 50% duck manure replacing had the best effect on improving soil environment quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the seasonal alternation of herbage height, yak regulates its foraging behavioral pattern to achieve the best matching. The grazing behavior of yak is the best foraging pattern in summer, the browsing and grazing combined pattern is the sub-optimal way in spring and autumn, and the browsing behavior, as the retained incisor in yak's historical evolution, is adopted in winter. In order to find out how the foraging pattern adjustment caused by the incisors influenced the dry matter intake and enteric-fermentation methane seasonal micro-fluctuation, from September 2014 to September 2015 in Tianzhu County, Gansu Province, we tested 3 pattern (grazing, browsing, grazing + browsing combined pattern) alternation and their environmental influences. The analysis results showed that the yaks in July and August had the highest protein intake (10.70%±0.38%), the lowest crude fiber (18.68%±5.31%) and lignin intake (1.89%±0.49%), and the shortest ruminant interval (1.1±0.3 h), which adopted the grazing pattern. In April, the yaks adopted the grazing and browsing combined pattern, and hemicellulose (15.68%±5.17%) and crude fat intake (1.08%±0.09%) were the minimum; in May, the foraging ratio of yaks (1.15±0.16 bite/s) was the fastest; in June, the crude ash intake (18.29%±2.39%) was the highest and the fetal birth weight was also the biggest; in September, the foraging intake (1.97±0.27 g/bite), the fat intake (3.77%±0.08%), the average daily gain (97.43±5.18 g/d), and the enteric methane emissions (315.70±21.24 g/d) were the highest; in October, the total dry matter intake (9749.40±2783.66 g/d) and the ruminant ratio (1.24±0.15 chyme-mass/min) were the highest; in November, the hemicellulose intake (19.46%±2.58%) was the highest; in December, the ruminant interval (2.9±0.2 h) was the longest. In February, the yaks adopted the browsing pattern, the total intake (0.95±0.14 g/bite) was the lowest, and the browsing ratio (0.73±0.24 bite/s), the protein intake (2.72%±0.49%), and the crude ash intake (7.14%±3.25%) were the lowest; in March, the cellulose (39.25%±7.15%) and lignin (12.57%±0.46%) had the highest intake, and the daily browsing intake (4417.29±1114.56 g/d), the ruminant ratio (0.76±0.16 chyme-mass/min), the average daily gain (?48.87±3.56 g/d), and the enteric-fermentation methane emissions (237.57±22.39 g/d) were the lowest. The feed intake per chewing in October was the highest. The intake per chewing was the lowest in March. The speed of food intake reached the fastest in May and the browsing pattern was mainly adopted, with little "empty grazing", then the yaks were regulating to the browsing and grazing combined pattern from October to December And then the intake speed was accelerated. The total daily intake reached the peak in October, and the daily body weight gain was the fastest; then the daily intake sharply declined in November. The daily intake reached the lowest in February and March. The highest ruminated efficiency was in October, and the slowest was in March. The shortest ruminant interval was in July, and the longest interval was in December. From June to September, there was the highest grass protein growth, and yaks regulated to the grazing pattern; and there was lower protein in winter grass, so yaks changed to the browsing pattern. From January to March, grass had the highest cellulose, and yaks changed to the browsing pattern; and in lower cellulose season, yaks used the grazing pattern. From January to September, yaks adopted the grazing pattern, and the enteric-fermentation methane emissions also reached the annual peak; the vitamin and nutrient declined in the milk during yak's lactation; and for the browsing pattern from January to March, the methane emissions were the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)