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We propose the name of the subject of pharmacology education/learning for midwives as "Midwifery Pharmacology" and the basic education/learning items. The content will consist of "General Introduction (Anatomy and Physiology, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine)", "Pharmacodynamics" and "Clinical Pharmacology". The common theme of all these contents is the relationship with pharmaceuticals from pregnancy to childbirth and lactation. In the general introduction, anatomical and physiological changes, pharmacokinetic changes, and clinical laboratory medicine in the mother and child during pregnancy are covered. In pharmacodynamics, students learn about the effects, mechanism of action, side effects, and interactions of drugs during pregnancy. Clinical pharmacology deal with drugs used from pregnancy to delivery, and diseases that are likely to oocur during pregnancy and delivery. In addition, the content includes items on questions and concerns of patients and their surroundings, counseling, and collection of information. Based on the content of each of the above items, the selection of diseases and medicines, and the severity and depth of the items are selected and added independently by each field or area, and adjusted in consideration of time, number of credits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid progress in life science research in recent years has brought about major changes in pharmacists' professional functions and roles and responsibilities in human healthcare and research areas. Recently, the terms "sustainability" have been frequently used in various areas, academic conferences and journals. Furthermore, in the medical field, sustainability and healthcare are now required of pharmacists in their roles and responsibilities. In particular, the role of pharmacists in the medical field is attracting attention in terms of sustainability and healthcare. This paper includes the following contents. 1) What is sustainable ? 2) Contribution of sustainability in health care in the medical field, 3) From Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 4) How SDGs spread from MDGs, 5) Role played by pharmacists in "creating sustainability". The present manuscript shows that the role of pharmacists in sustainable healthcare is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the 21st century, it became possible to analyze life science fields such as molecular genetics and molecular biochemistry at the molecular level. In addition, molecular genetics made progress in elucidating the human gene sequence. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review was to describe and discuss the role of pharmacists in the medical field regarding the impact of genetic testing results in the medical, pharmaceutical, dental and life science field. Therefore, the importance and elucidation of gene sequences in this field is desired. This paper describes the following. 1) Development of genomic medicalization 2) Classification of gene-related tests, 3) Clinical application of genetic testing and genetic testing, 4) Role of pharmacists in genetic testing, 5) The Importance of Genetic Testing in Team Medicine and the Role of Pharmacists. Thus, in conclusion, the present manuscript suggested that genetic testing in genomic medicine plays an important role in patient drug treatment and pharmacist compliance treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name of the course of education and learning of genome-related drugs in pharmacology education is "sPharmacogenomics". The course is composed of the following items: "Therapeutic application process of genomic medicines", "Supply and application methods of genomic medicmes*1, "Intracellular organelles and cellular response sites of genomic medicines", "Genomic pharmaceutics1', ?, Genomic diagnostic drugs (companion diagnostic drugs)", "Genomic pharmacokinetics: drug metabolizing enzymes", "Genomic pharmacodynamics: receptors, molecular target drugs" and "Genomic clinical pharmacology: symptoms of disease, gene therapy site of action". Of these, "Therapeutic application process of genomic medicines*', "Supply and application methods of genomic medicines", "Intracellular organelles and cellular response site of genomic medicines", "Genomic pharmaceutics" and "Genomic diagnostics drug (companion diagnostic drugs)" are defined as "General to Pharmacogenomics. In other words, we propose that "Pharmacogenomics" consists of "General pharmacogenomics*1, "Genomic pharmacokinetics", "Genomic pharmacodynamics" and "Genomic clinical pharmacology*' as standard educational/1 earning subjects, and the weight and depth of each component should be adjusted in terms of time and nximber of credits according to each field/area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the four pharmacological component subjects: "pharmaceuticsH, npharmacokineticsn, "pharmacodynamics", and "clinical pharmacology (pharmacotherapy, applied pharmacology)H, in clinical pharmacology targeting diseases and applicable drugs, drugs/diseases are selected as "drugs from diseases" instead of "diseases from drugs" based on the following four taxonomies. Clinical pharmacology consists of diseases and applicable drugs classified and selected by either clinical departments, organs, symptoms, or specialized education subjects, or by their combination. The other three subjects of pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics are created by combining drugs for explain the basic contents of each subject and diseases/drugs classified and selected in clinical pharmacology. Pharmacology component subjects are learned in the following order: "pharmaceutics", "pharmacokinetics'1, "pharmacodynamics", and "clinical pharmacology (pharmacotherapy, applied pharmacology)M. In order to increase the effectiveness of these learnings, it is essential to have books on the four phannacological component subjects constructed by these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, personalized medicine has already attracted attention in cancer genomic medicine since the discovery of the genomic base sequence for each individual in the drug treatment for patients, which had been uniform until now. In addition, the role of pharmacists in personalized medicine has been reported. Thus, the purpose of the present paper is to describe the future outlook of the role of pharmacists in personalized medicine, which has evolved from the post-genome to the personal genome era and is drawing more attention. The contents described in this paper are as follows.1)Pharmacists have an important role in drug treatment of hereditaiy diseases, 2) Genetic counseling, 3) About privacy (personal infonnation), 4) Importance of personal information management associated with personalized medicine, 5) What is a companion diagnostic?, 6) The role of genomic biomarker, 7)Involvement of pharmacogenomics (PGx) and pharmacists, 8) Role ofbiomarkers (biological indicators), 9) Application of genetic editing and genetic recombination to medical treatment, 10) Importance of mutual cooperation of genomic gene analysis results between pharmacy phannacists and doctors in genomic medicine. Therefore, this paper is important for phannacists, and it is necessary to be fully aware of the contents described in order to fulfill its role for pharmacists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human genome gene analysis has made rapid progress. As a result, we are now entering the personal genome era. In particular, pharmacists are able to acquire medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and information on the genomic medicine that satisfy each patient, and provide medication guidance and drug treatment to patients. Therefore, in the present manuscript, following the previous report, we decided to report mainly on "personal genome", "hereditary disease" and "role of pharmacist" as a review. The results shown in this paper are as follows. 1) Already entering the personal genome era in the medical field, 2) Cancer is a personal illness, 3) Gene polymorphisms and mutations, 4) What is a hereditary disease? 5) Genetic abnormalities: mutations and variants, 6) Classification and types of diseases based on genetic factors, 7) Gene-related tests, 8) The role of pharmacists in genetic disorders. From the above results and discussions, it can be concluded that it is important for next-generation pharmacists to contribute to patients by utilizing genomic medicine for drug treatment of hereditary diseases knowledge that pharmacist must understand in the field of genomic medicines in the future. Thus, understanding these items will be useful for next-generation pharmacists to provide drug treatment and medication guidance to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is proposed that the four subjects: "Pharmaceutics", "Pharmacokinetics", "Pharmacodynamics" and "Clinical Pharmacology (Applied Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapeutics etc.)" in the curriculum of pharmacology education in all medical fields are disciplined, and that time and credits be allocated separately. Pharmacology practice should be conducted by combining animal and simulation practice. For the education of pharmacology in the co-medical field, there is an urgent need to train teachers who have a background in each field and a research mindset in pharmacology. By introducing these four subjects, students will be able to obtain stable knowledge and understanding of pharmacology in each field. As a result, a large number of high quality medical professionals with knowledge and skills based on scientific evidence and a research mindset will be produced in each field. Above all, we hope that advanced medical care will be provided to patients in the medical field through better medical cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs having boronic acid structures have been recently developed and are of increasing interested due to the characteristic nature of the boron / boronic acids. The Drugs having alkylboronic acid moiety, such as bortezomib, ixazomib, and vaborbactam, tend to produce complexes with the hydroxy groups of serine and threonine, and prevent enzymatic actions. On the other hand, the drugs with an arylboronic acid moiety, such as tavaborole and crisaborole, tend to produce chelate complexes with the diol groups of some sugars, and prevent the enzymatic bio-transformations. The aryllboronic acid moiety of 4-boronophenylalanine, used as a 10B-carrier for boron neutron capture therapy, produces a chelate complex with fructose to increase water solubility. The roles of the boron in drugs having boronic acid structures are summarized in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is recognized that the "residual drug problem" affects not only the problem of pressure on national medical expenses but also the adherence to medication. Therefore, in this research, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the benefits and disadvantages related to residual medicine adjustment for pharmacists who are actually involved in residual medicine adjustment through patient and medication guidance etc. As a survey method, a questionnaire survey on the unused medicines of the patient was carried out on 80 pharmacists working at 29 stores of the preservative agent pharmacy (Shinano Pharmacy Group, Niigata Prefecture) where the author works. Sixty six pharmacists in 80 responded to the questionnaire survey. The recovery rate was 82.5%. The results obtained are as follows. ©Regarding residual medicine adjustment considered from the standpoint of a pharmacist: The most frequent answer among items selected by the pharmacist was "Can contribute to medical cost reduction" (response number 48,27.6%). F 0110wed by "number of responses" 41(23.6%) and "time consuming" 37 (21.3%).② Status of current efforts to adjust residual medicine: 47 patients (71.2%) occupied pharmacists who adjust residual medicine if there was an offer from patients.③ About the disposal of urmecessaiy medicines: The pharmacist who responded that *'it is useful for preventing health hazards" and "it is useful for preventing duplicate administration*' was 84.3% of the total.④Status of efforts to dispose of unnecessary drugs: 59 (89%) of the pharmacists who answered that unnecessary drugs were discarded if there was an offer from patients. Therefore, as a conclusion, we think that the role played by pharmacists in medication guidance is important as one of the solutions to the remnants problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent changes in the medical field, which has become more sophisticated and diversified, the role of the pharmacist in the medical field is based on information on drugs, patient history, allergies, side effects, etc. There has been a major change in drug treatment by pharmacists who have adopted dispensing and medication instructions. Therefore, since this mini-review is considered to be a pharmacist-scientist required for next-generation pharmacists, it is the foundation (basic) of pharmacists 'qualities and is one of the useful pharmacists' qualifications. The significance of this is as follows. 1) Contributing to the accumulation of evidence, 2) Contributing to the development of life sciences globally, 3) Contributing to the role of pharmacists in team medicine, 4) Contributing to improving the quality of pharmacists themselves, 5) The importance of pharmacist-scientist who can actively participate in clinical research, 6) Specialist pharmacist and pharmacist-scientist, 7) Possibility of obtaining a degree (doctoral degree). Therefore, the development of life science has been remarkable in recent years, and pharmacists have to make efforts and ability to cope with medical care that progresses day by day. This is because, as one of the qualities required for next-generation pharmacists, having the ability as a pharmacist-scientist of pharmacists is an essential foundation for the future role of pharmacists in the medical field. In conclusion, next-generation pharmacists have a well-balanced "clinical mind" and "research mind" as one of their qualities, and publish the evidence (scientific evidence) obtained from pharmaceutical basics and clinical research. It will contribute to the development and progress of life sciences not only in Japan but also globally (worldwide), and as a result, will contribute to medical progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the term of pharmacy education and the pharmacist's clinical work have undergone significant changes. In addition, especially, medical medicine became more important for pharmaceutical education. Therefore, the present paper is divided into 1) pharmacist's future vision, 2) development of medical medicine, 3) reform of pharmaceutical education and medical pharmacy, 4) what is medical medicine, 5) pharmacist's research revitalization, 6) improvement of "quality" of medical treatment in medical field. Finally, the present paper is proposed for the construction of a clinical pharmacist's future vision evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]