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In order to solve the problem of destroys the edge structure and losses the texture detail in the process of image reconstruction, this paper proposed an image interpolation algorithm for preserving the texture detail and the edge structure. Firstly, it divided image area by using eight direction edge detection based on adaptive threshold . Secondly, it constructed a bivariate rational function model, which could convert into rational model and polynomial model. Finally, based on the local asymmetry and gradient feature of the edge data, this paper proposed a method to adjust the distance of points to be interpolated. By this method, it ad justed the coordinates of the points to be interpolated and used rational model to realize interpolation, as for the non-edge part, it adopted polynomial model to interpolation. Experiments show that, the peak signal to noise ratio of the algorithm increases 0. 48 - 2. 17 dB on average, and the structural similarity index increases 0. 004 - 0. 028 on average . This algorithm obtains high objective evaluation data. The proposed algorithm modifies the original spatial distance invariant interpolation to the spatial distance varying interpolation, which effectively keeps the edge structure and texture details of the image, so that the reconstruction r esult has better visual effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]