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BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation is a new way to prevent and cure intervertebral disc degeneration. However, whether the transplanted stem cells can survive, proliferate, differentiate, and restore the function of nucleus pulposus cells after transplantation, is the key and difficult point to overcome. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Bushenhuoxue decoction on survival, proliferation, and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS: A Transwell chamber was used to construct a co-culture model of human adipose-derived stem cells and human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. The experiment was divided into control group, model group, drug-containing serum group, and drug-free serum group. Except for the control group, the co-culture system of other groups was treated with 50 μmol/L tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours. The drug-containing serum group and drug-free serum group were treated with DMEM low-glucose complete culture medium containing drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction or drug-free serum with 20% volume fraction for 48 hours. The sublayer adipose-derived stem cells were taken. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect proteoglycan synthesis levels. Real-time PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan and SRY-box transcription factor 9. The protein expression of SOX9 was detected by western blot assay. Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to detect cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species, and β-galactosidase staining was used to detect cell senescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the proportion of necrotic cells in the model group increased; toluidine blue staining became lighter, and the expression levels of type II collagen, proteoglycan, SOX9 mRNA and SOX9 protein decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction could significantly reduce cell injury and promote the expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan, SOX9 mRNA, and SOX9 protein (P < 0.05), but the improvement in the drug-free serum group was not significant (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the contents of cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and cell senescence in the model group were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the microenvironment of the coculture system was significantly improved by drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction (P < 0.05), while drug-free serum had no significant effect on the microenvironment of the co-culture system (P > 0.05). (3) The results show that Bushenhuoxue decoction can promote the survival, proliferation, and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comb-like polyether anionic surfactant was prepared by the combination of anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) and Thiol-ene click reaction. Firstly, poly (allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE) was prepared by AROP using allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as the monomer and potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK) as the initiator. Afterwards, PAGE was used as the unsaturated polyether backbone, and the Thiol-ene click reaction was employed to sequentially introduce hydrophilic sulfonate groups and hydrophobic butane groups into the side chains of PAGE. As a result, an amphiphilic structure was formed. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) characterizations verified a series of intermediates and target products were successfully obtained. Surface tension tests demonstrated that this comb-like polyether anionic surfactant(abbreviated as PAGEanionic) can effectively reduce the surface tension of solution. The CMC value as well as γcmc were respectively determined to be 0.017 mg/mL and 41.67 mN/m. Contact angle tests showed that PAGEanionic exhibit well wettability to oily surface. The solution conductivity tests showed that the Krafft temperature of PAGEanionic is below 0℃. PAGEanionic was proposed for use as an emulsifier in the preparation of poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) latex. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy revealed that a stable and homogeneous latex was successfully obtained with Dz=164 nm and PDI=0.038. latex prepared by PAGEanionic exhibit enhanced tolerate to salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Applied Chemical Industry is the property of Shaanxi Research Design Insitute of Petroleum & Chemical Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: In order to calculate the high precision gravity gradient in level 1b (L1b) data processing of gravity field and steady⁃state ocean circulation explorer（GOCE） satellite, it is necessary to accurately measure the satellite attitude angular velocity. In the coordinate system transformation of the attitude data of astrology, the low precision angular velocity components of a single astrology instrument will transmit the noise to other angular velocity components, which will affect the calculation accuracy of the whole gravity gradient.Methods: In this paper, based on the noise characteristics of the astrological instrument, the weighted matrix of the noise distribution on each axis of the astrological instrument is constructed, and the optimal attitude quaternion is solved jointly for the attitude quaternion of two or more astrological instruments, so as to provide accurate attitude control for subsequent angular velocity recovery. Results: Compared with the single astrometer calculation method, the accuracy of the optimal attitude angular velocity components wy and wz obtained by the combination of multiple astrometers can reach about 1 order of magnitude higher within 10-100 mHz, and the noise level is up to 10-6 rad/s， which can effectively suppress the noise propagation caused by the low precision angular velocity components in coordinate system transformation.Conclusions: The results show that the satellite attitude angular velocity calculated by the combination of multiple astrological instruments can be significantly improved in the whole power spectral density, the power spectral density of gravity gradient trace values calculated by the combined method of multiple astrologers is also significantly improved compared with the single astrologer method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]