【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the content and distribution characteristics of soil elements in the Huanghe basin（Jinan section), understand the impact of human activities on soil quality, and provide basic data for land use and soil improvement. 【Method】 Soil samples were collected and 29 soil elements were analyzed. The distribution characteristics of soil elements in different soil types, different land use types and different administrative regions, regional differentiation of crop nutrient elements and influencing factors were analyzed by statistics, spatial analysis and coefficient of variation. 【Result】 Hg, As, Cd, S, Corg, Co, N, B, CaO, Se, F had significantly higher background values of elements in the survey area. The coefficient of variation of the most elements was below 0.25, and the variation coefficient of some harmful elements was greater than 0.4. The variation coefficient of the most elements in the surface soil of different administrative regions was relatively small and could achieve uniform distribution. Some heavy metal elements, such as Hg, had a variation coefficient greater than 0.4 in each region. Each administrative region had two or more elements with a variation coefficient greater than 0.4, and the variation coefficient of MgO could reach 0.7 or more, indicating that human factors had a significant impact on such elements. There were obvious differences in S, Corg, N and other elements in different soil type, among which CaO, Zn, MgO and Na2O in rural homestead were higher. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil in the survey area was mainly of medium abundance, accounting for 62.60% of the survey area; The total phosphorus content was rich, and the areas with medium or higher grades, accounting for 80.69% of the total area of the survey area; The total potassium was mainly abundant in the second level, accounting for 76.87% of the surveyed area. The soil type widely distributed in this area was ordinary fluvo aquic soil. The parent material of soil formation contained rich CaCO3, which made the pH higher than 7.5. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of the most elements in the survey area is uniform, and the soil pollution pressure is relatively low, which is consistent with the overall low level of industrial development in the directly managed area. The high coefficient of variation of Hg element（＞0.4) indicates that human activities have an impact on soil quality. Some regions are relatively rich in N, P, K, etc., making it suitable for the development of planting industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]